06.039
Pancharatra: Bhagavad Gita 17th chapter.
अर्जुन उवाच॥
arjuna uvāca॥
[अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Arjuna said:)
Arjuna said:
ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः। तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥६-३९-१॥
ye śāstravidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ। teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajastamaḥ ॥6-39-1॥
[ये (ye) - those who; शास्त्रविधिम् (śāstravidhim) - scriptural rules; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - abandoning; यजन्ते (yajante) - worship; श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith; अन्विताः (anvitāḥ) - endowed; तेषाम् (teṣām) - their; निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - faith; तु (tu) - but; का (kā) - what; कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna; सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness; आहो (āho) - or; रजः (rajaḥ) - passion; तमः (tamaḥ) - ignorance;]
(Those who abandon scriptural rules and worship with faith, what is their faith, O Krishna? Is it in goodness, passion, or ignorance?)
O Krishna, those who, abandoning scriptural rules, worship with faith, what is the nature of their faith? Is it characterized by goodness, passion, or ignorance?
श्रीभगवानुवाच॥
śrībhagavānuvāca॥
[श्री (śrī) - auspicious; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The auspicious Lord said:)
The Blessed Lord said:
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा। सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥६-३९-२॥
trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāvajā। sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śṛṇu ॥6-39-2॥
[त्रिविधा (trividhā) - threefold; भवति (bhavati) - is; श्रद्धा (śraddhā) - faith; देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of the embodied; सा (sā) - that; स्वभावजा (svabhāvajā) - born of nature; सात्त्विकी (sāttvikī) - pure; राजसी (rājasī) - passionate; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तामसी (tāmasī) - ignorant; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; ताम् (tām) - that; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(Faith is threefold, born of nature, of the embodied: pure, passionate, and ignorant. Hear about it.)
Faith in embodied beings is of three kinds, arising from their nature: it can be pure, passionate, or ignorant. Listen to this.
सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत। श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥६-३९-३॥
sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata। śraddhāmayo'yaṃ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ॥6-39-3॥
[सत्त्वानुरूपा (sattvānurūpā) - according to one's nature; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of everyone; श्रद्धा (śraddhā) - faith; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; श्रद्धामयः (śraddhāmayaḥ) - full of faith; अयम् (ayam) - this; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; यः (yaḥ) - who; यत् (yat) - whatever; श्रद्धः (śraddhaḥ) - faith; सः (saḥ) - he; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Faith of everyone is according to one's nature, O Bharata. This person is full of faith; whatever faith he has, that he indeed is.)
O Bharata, the faith of every person is in accordance with their nature. A person is made of faith; whatever faith they have, that is what they truly are.
यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः। प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥६-३९-४॥
yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ। pretānbhūtagaṇāṃścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ॥6-39-4॥
[यजन्ते (yajante) - worship; सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - those in the mode of goodness; देवान् (devān) - the gods; यक्षरक्षांसि (yakṣarakṣāṃsi) - yakṣas and rākṣasas; राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those in the mode of passion; प्रेतान् (pretān) - spirits of the dead; भूतगणान् (bhūtagaṇān) - ghosts; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; यजन्ते (yajante) - worship; तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - those in the mode of ignorance; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(Those in the mode of goodness worship the gods; those in the mode of passion worship yakṣas and rākṣasas; others, who are in the mode of ignorance, worship spirits of the dead and ghosts.)
People in the mode of goodness worship the gods, those in the mode of passion worship yakṣas and rākṣasas, while others, in the mode of ignorance, worship spirits and ghosts.
अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः। दम्भाहङ्कारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥६-३९-५॥
aśāstravihitaṃ ghoraṃ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ। dambhāhaṅkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ ॥6-39-5॥
[अशास्त्रविहितम् (aśāstravihitam) - not enjoined by the scriptures; घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible; तप्यन्ते (tapyante) - perform austerities; ये (ye) - who; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; दम्भ (dambha) - hypocrisy; अहङ्कार (ahaṅkāra) - ego; संयुक्ताः (saṃyuktāḥ) - endowed with; काम (kāma) - desire; राग (rāga) - attachment; बल (bala) - strength; अन्विताः (anvitāḥ) - possessed of;]
(People who perform terrible austerities not enjoined by the scriptures, endowed with hypocrisy, ego, desire, attachment, and strength.)
People who perform severe austerities not prescribed by the scriptures are filled with hypocrisy and ego, driven by desire, attachment, and strength.
कर्शयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः। मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ॥६-३९-६॥
karśayantaḥ śarīrasthaṃ bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ। māṃ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṃ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān ॥6-39-6॥
[कर्शयन्तः (karśayantaḥ) - tormenting; शरीरस्थं (śarīrastham) - situated in the body; भूतग्रामम् (bhūtagrāmam) - the group of elements; अचेतसः (acetasaḥ) - foolish; माम् (mām) - me; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - also; अन्तःशरीरस्थं (antaḥśarīrastham) - situated within the body; तान् (tān) - them; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; असुरनिश्चयान् (asuraniścayān) - demoniac in determination;]
(Tormenting the group of elements situated in the body, foolish, and me also situated within the body, know them to be demoniac in determination.)
Those who foolishly torment the elements of their own body and also me, who am situated within the body, should be known as having a demoniac determination.
आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः। यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥६-३९-७॥
āhāras tv api sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ। yajñas tapas tathā dānaṃ teṣāṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu ॥6-39-7॥
[आहारः (āhāraḥ) - food; तु (tu) - but; अपि (api) - also; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; त्रिविधः (trividhaḥ) - threefold; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; तथा (tathā) - and; दानम् (dānam) - charity; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; भेदम् (bhedam) - the distinction; इमम् (imam) - this; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(Food, too, of all, becomes threefold dear; sacrifice, austerity, and charity, of them, the distinction, this, hear.)
The food that everyone prefers is of three kinds. Similarly, sacrifices, austerities, and charities are of three kinds. Listen to the distinctions of these.
आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः। रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥६-३९-८॥
āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ। rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ ॥6-39-8॥
[आयुः (āyuḥ) - life; सत्त्व (sattva) - purity; बल (bala) - strength; आरोग्य (ārogya) - health; सुख (sukha) - happiness; प्रीति (prīti) - love; विवर्धनाः (vivardhanāḥ) - increasing; रस्याः (rasyāḥ) - juicy; स्निग्धाः (snigdhāḥ) - unctuous; स्थिरा (sthirā) - stable; हृद्या (hṛdyā) - pleasing; आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods; सात्त्विक (sāttvika) - pure; प्रियाः (priyāḥ) - dear;]
(Foods that are juicy, unctuous, stable, and pleasing, increase life, purity, strength, health, happiness, and love, and are dear to the pure.)
Foods that are juicy, nourishing, stable, and pleasing to the heart increase longevity, purity, strength, health, happiness, and affection, and are favored by those who are pure.
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः। आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥६-३९-९॥
kaṭv-amla-lavaṇa-atyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ। āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ ॥6-39-9॥
[कटु (kaṭu) - pungent; अम्ल (amla) - sour; लवण (lavaṇa) - salty; अत्युष्ण (atyuṣṇa) - very hot; तीक्ष्ण (tīkṣṇa) - sharp; रूक्ष (rūkṣa) - dry; विदाहिनः (vidāhinaḥ) - burning; आहारा (āhārāḥ) - foods; राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of the passionate; इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - preferred; दुःख (duḥkha) - pain; शोक (śoka) - grief; अमय (amaya) - disease; प्रदाः (pradāḥ) - causing;]
(Foods that are pungent, sour, salty, very hot, sharp, dry, and burning are preferred by the passionate and cause pain, grief, and disease.)
Passionate people prefer foods that are pungent, sour, salty, very hot, sharp, dry, and burning, which lead to pain, sorrow, and illness.
यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत्। उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥६-३९-१०॥
yātayāmaṃ gatarasaṃ pūti paryuṣitaṃ ca yat। ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasapriyam ॥6-39-10॥
[यातयामम् (yātayāmam) - stale; गतरसम् (gatarasam) - tasteless; पूति (pūti) - rotten; पर्युषितम् (paryuṣitam) - putrid; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; उच्छिष्टम् (ucchiṣṭam) - leftover; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; अमेध्यम् (amedhyam) - impure; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food; तामसप्रियम् (tāmasapriyam) - dear to the ignorant;]
(Stale, tasteless, rotten, putrid, and which is leftover and impure food is dear to the ignorant.)
Food that is stale, tasteless, rotten, putrid, leftover, and impure is preferred by those in the mode of ignorance.
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते। यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥६-३९-११॥
aphalākāṅkṣibhiryajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate। yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ ॥6-39-11॥
[अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिः (aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ) - by those without desire for results; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; विधिदृष्टः (vidhidṛṣṭaḥ) - as enjoined by the scriptures; यः (yaḥ) - which; इज्यते (ijyate) - is performed; यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - ought to be performed; एव (eva) - certainly; इति (iti) - thus; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; समाधाय (samādhāya) - having fixed; सः (saḥ) - that; सात्त्विकः (sāttvikaḥ) - in the mode of goodness;]
(The sacrifice which is performed by those without desire for results, as enjoined by the scriptures, with the mind fixed on the thought that it ought to be performed, is in the mode of goodness.)
A sacrifice performed without any desire for its fruits, according to scriptural injunctions, with a mind focused on the duty itself, is considered to be in the mode of goodness.
अभिसन्धाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत्। इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥६-३९-१२॥
abhisandhāya tu phalaṃ dambhārthamapi caiva yat। ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam ॥6-39-12॥
[अभिसन्धाय (abhisandhāya) - intending; तु (tu) - but; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; दम्भार्थम् (dambhārtham) - for show; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; यत् (yat) - which; इज्यते (ijyate) - is performed; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; तं (taṃ) - that; यज्ञं (yajñaṃ) - sacrifice; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; राजसम् (rājasam) - in the mode of passion;]
(But that sacrifice which is performed with an intention for fruit and for show, O best of the Bharatas, know that to be in the mode of passion.)
O best of the Bharatas, know that the sacrifice performed with the intention of gaining fruit and for show is in the mode of passion.
विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम्। श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥६-३९-१३॥
vidhihīnamasṛṣṭānnaṃ mantrahīnamadakṣiṇam। śraddhāvirahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate ॥6-39-13॥
[विधिहीनम् (vidhihīnam) - without proper procedure; असृष्टान्नम् (asṛṣṭānnaṃ) - without offering food; मन्त्रहीनम् (mantrahīnam) - without mantras; अदक्षिणम् (adakṣiṇam) - without gifts; श्रद्धाविरहितम् (śraddhāvirahitam) - without faith; यज्ञम् (yajñaṃ) - sacrifice; तामसम् (tāmasam) - ignorant; परिचक्षते (paricakṣate) - they declare;]
(They declare that sacrifice as ignorant which is without proper procedure, without offering food, without mantras, without gifts, and without faith.)
A sacrifice performed without adherence to proper procedures, without offering food, without chanting mantras, without giving gifts, and devoid of faith is considered to be in the mode of ignorance.
देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम्। ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥६-३९-१४॥
devadvijaguruprajñapūjanaṁ śaucamārjavam। brahmacaryamahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate ॥6-39-14॥
[देव (deva) - god; द्विज (dvija) - twice-born; गुरु (guru) - teacher; प्राज्ञ (prajña) - wise; पूजनं (pūjanaṁ) - worship; शौच (śauca) - purity; मार्जवम् (mārjavam) - simplicity; ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) - celibacy; अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence; च (ca) - and; शारीरं (śārīraṁ) - bodily; तप (tapa) - austerity; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Worship of gods, twice-born, teachers, and wise ones, purity, simplicity, celibacy, and non-violence are called bodily austerity.)
The worship of gods, the twice-born, teachers, and the wise, along with purity, simplicity, celibacy, and non-violence, is considered as physical austerity.
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत्। स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥६-३९-१५॥
anudvegakaraṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priyahitaṁ ca yat। svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅmayaṁ tapa ucyate ॥6-39-15॥
[अनुद्वेगकरं (anudvegakaram) - non-agitating; वाक्यं (vākyam) - speech; सत्यं (satyam) - truthful; प्रियहितं (priyahitam) - pleasing and beneficial; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं (svādhyāyābhyasanam) - study and practice of scriptures; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वाङ्मयं (vāṅmayam) - verbal; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Speech that is non-agitating, truthful, pleasing, and beneficial, and the study and practice of scriptures, indeed, is called verbal austerity.)
Speech that does not cause agitation, is truthful, pleasing, and beneficial, along with the study and practice of scriptures, is considered verbal austerity.
मनःप्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः। भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥६-३९-१६॥
manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvaṃ maunamātmavinigrahaḥ। bhāvasaṃśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate ॥6-39-16॥
[मनःप्रसादः (manaḥprasādaḥ) - serenity of mind; सौम्यत्वं (saumyatvaṃ) - gentleness; मौनम् (maunam) - silence; आत्मविनिग्रहः (ātmavinigrahaḥ) - self-control; भावसंशुद्धिः (bhāvasaṃśuddhiḥ) - purity of disposition; इति (iti) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; मानसम् (mānasam) - mental; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-control, purity of disposition — thus, this is called mental austerity.)
Serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-control, and purity of disposition are considered as mental austerity.
श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः। अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ॥६-३९-१७॥
śraddhayā parayā taptaṃ tapastattrividhaṃ naraiḥ। aphalākāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate ॥6-39-17॥
[श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith; परया (parayā) - supreme; तप्तं (taptaṃ) - practiced; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; तत् (tat) - that; त्रिविधं (trividhaṃ) - threefold; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिः (aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ) - without desire for results; युक्तैः (yuktaiḥ) - engaged; सात्त्विकं (sāttvikaṃ) - in the mode of goodness; परिचक्षते (paricakṣate) - is called;]
(The austerity that is practiced with supreme faith by men without desire for results, engaged in the mode of goodness, is called threefold.)
Austerity performed with great faith by those who do not seek any reward is considered to be in the mode of goodness.
सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत्। क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥६-३९-१८॥
satkāramānapūjārthaṃ tapo dambhena caiva yat। kriyate tadiha proktaṃ rājasaṃ calamadhruvam ॥6-39-18॥
[सत्कार (satkāra) - respect; मान (māna) - honor; पूजा (pūjā) - worship; अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; दम्भेन (dambhena) - with hypocrisy; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; यत् (yat) - which; क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed; तत् (tat) - that; इह (iha) - here; प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - is said; राजसम् (rājasam) - in the mode of passion; चलम् (calam) - unstable; अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - temporary;]
(That austerity which is performed for the sake of gaining respect, honor, and worship, with hypocrisy, is said to be in the mode of passion, and is unstable and temporary.)
Austerity performed with the intent of gaining respect, honor, and worship, and done with hypocrisy, is considered to be in the mode of passion, which is unstable and temporary.
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः। परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥६-३९-१९॥
mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ। parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥6-39-19॥
[मूढग्राहेण (mūḍhagrāheṇa) - by foolish obstinacy; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; यत् (yat) - which; पीडया (pīḍayā) - by torment; क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; परस्य (parasya) - of another; उत्सादनार्थम् (utsādanārtham) - for the purpose of destroying; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; तामसम् (tāmasam) - in the mode of ignorance; उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is declared;]
(The austerity which is performed by foolish obstinacy, by tormenting oneself, or for the purpose of destroying another, is declared to be in the mode of ignorance.)
Austerity that is performed with foolish stubbornness, causing self-torment or intended to harm others, is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे। देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥६-३९-२०॥
dātavyamiti yaddānaṃ dīyate'nupakāriṇe। deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ॥6-39-20॥
[दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - to be given; इति (iti) - thus; यत् (yat) - which; दानम् (dānam) - gift; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; अनुपकारिणे (anupakāriṇe) - to one who does no service in return; देशे (deśe) - in place; काले (kāle) - in time; च (ca) - and; पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy person; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that; दानम् (dānam) - gift; सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - in the mode of goodness; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered;]
(The gift which is given to one who does no service in return, at the right place and time, and to a worthy person, is considered to be in the mode of goodness.)
A gift given without expectation of return, at the proper place and time, and to a deserving person, is considered to be in the mode of goodness.
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः। दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥६-३९-२१॥
yattu pratyupakārārthaṃ phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ। dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ taddānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ॥6-39-21॥
[यत् (yat) - that which; तु (tu) - but; प्रत्युपकारार्थम् (pratyupakārārtham) - for the sake of something in return; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - aiming at; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; च (ca) - and; परिक्लिष्टम् (parikliṣṭam) - with trouble; तत् (tat) - that; दानम् (dānam) - gift; राजसम् (rājasam) - in the mode of passion; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered;]
(But that which is given with the expectation of something in return, or with a view to a result, and is given reluctantly, is considered a gift in the mode of passion.)
A gift given with the expectation of a return or with a specific result in mind, and given reluctantly, is considered to be in the mode of passion.
अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते। असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥६-३९-२२॥
adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate। asatkṛtamavajñātaṃ tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥6-39-22॥
[अदेशकाले (adeśakāle) - at improper time and place; यत् (yat) - which; दानम् (dānam) - gift; अपात्रेभ्यः (apātrebhyaḥ) - to unworthy persons; च (ca) - and; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; असत्कृतम् (asatkṛtam) - without respect; अवज्ञातम् (avajñātam) - with disdain; तत् (tat) - that; तामसम् (tāmasam) - of darkness; उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is called;]
(The gift which is given at an improper time and place, to unworthy persons, without respect and with disdain, that is called the gift of darkness.)
A gift given at the wrong time and place, to those who are unworthy, without respect and with disdain, is considered a gift of darkness.
ओं तत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः। ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥६-३९-२३॥
oṃ tatsaditi nirdeśo brahmaṇastrividhaḥ smṛtaḥ। brāhmaṇāstena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ purā ॥6-39-23॥
[ओं (oṃ) - Om; तत् (tat) - that; सत् (sat) - truth; इति (iti) - thus; निर्देशः (nirdeśaḥ) - instruction; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; त्रिविधः (trividhaḥ) - threefold; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the Brahmanas; तेन (tena) - by that; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas; च (ca) - and; यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - sacrifices; च (ca) - and; विहिताः (vihitāḥ) - were ordained; पुरा (purā) - in ancient times;]
("Om, Tat, Sat" is remembered as the threefold instruction of Brahman. By that, the Brahmanas, the Vedas, and the sacrifices were ordained in ancient times.)
The phrase "Om, Tat, Sat" is considered a threefold designation of Brahman. It is through this designation that the Brahmanas, the Vedas, and the sacrifices were established in ancient times.
तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः। प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥६-३९-२४॥
tasmādomityudāhṛtya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ। pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṃ brahmavādinām ॥6-39-24॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; ओम् (om) - Om; इति (iti) - thus; उदाहृत्य (udāhṛtya) - having uttered; यज्ञ (yajña) - sacrifice; दान (dāna) - charity; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - activities; प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - commence; विधान (vidhāna) - prescribed; उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - mentioned; सततम् (satatam) - always; ब्रह्मवादिनाम् (brahmavādinām) - of the knowers of Brahman;]
(Therefore, having uttered 'Om', the activities of sacrifice, charity, and austerity, as prescribed, always commence for the knowers of Brahman.)
Therefore, the knowers of Brahman always begin their prescribed activities of sacrifice, charity, and austerity by uttering 'Om'.
तदित्यनभिसन्धाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः। दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥६-३९-२५॥
tadityanabhisandhāya phalaṃ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ। dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ ॥6-39-25॥
[तत् (tat) - that; इति (iti) - thus; अनभिसन्धाय (anabhisandhāya) - without attachment; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; यज्ञ (yajña) - sacrifice; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - acts; दान (dāna) - charity; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - acts; च (ca) - and; विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various; क्रियन्ते (kriyante) - are performed; मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः (mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ) - by those desiring liberation;]
(Thus, without attachment to the fruit, acts of sacrifice, austerity, and various acts of charity are performed by those desiring liberation.)
Acts of sacrifice, austerity, and charity are performed without attachment to the results by those who seek liberation.
सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रयुज्यते। प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ॥६-३९-२६॥
sadbhāve sādhubhāve ca sadityetatprayujyate। praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate ॥6-39-26॥
[सद्भावे (sadbhāve) - in the state of goodness; साधुभावे (sādhubhāve) - in the state of virtue; च (ca) - and; सत् (sat) - truth; इति (iti) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; प्रयुज्यते (prayujyate) - is used; प्रशस्ते (praśaste) - auspicious; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; तथा (tathā) - also; सत् (sat) - truth; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - word; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā; युज्यते (yujyate) - is used;]
(In the state of goodness and virtue, this word 'Sat' is used. O son of Pṛthā, the word 'Sat' is also used in auspicious actions.)
The term 'Sat' is employed to denote the state of goodness and virtue, and it is also used, O son of Pṛthā, in the context of auspicious actions.
यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते। कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ॥६-३९-२७॥
yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ saditi cocyate। karma caiva tadarthīyaṃ sadityevābhidhīyate ॥6-39-27॥
[यज्ञे (yajñe) - in sacrifice; तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity; दाने (dāne) - in charity; च (ca) - and; स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - steadiness; सत् (sat) - truth; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; कर्म (karma) - action; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; तदर्थीयं (tadarthīyaṃ) - for that purpose; सत् (sat) - truth; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - certainly; अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called;]
(In sacrifice, in austerity, and in charity, steadiness is said to be truth. And action for that purpose is certainly called truth.)
Steadfastness in sacrifice, austerity, and charity is said to be true, and so is action for such purposes.
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत्। असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥६-३९-२८॥
aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapastaptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat। asadityucyate pārtha na ca tatpretya no iha ॥6-39-28॥
[अश्रद्धया (aśraddhayā) - without faith; हुतं (hutaṃ) - offered; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; तप्तं (taptaṃ) - performed; कृतं (kṛtaṃ) - done; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; असत् (asat) - unreal; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; नः (naḥ) - for us; इह (iha) - here;]
(That which is offered, given, performed as austerity or done without faith is said to be unreal, O son of Pṛthā, and it is not for us here or after death.)
O son of Pṛthā, actions such as offerings, giving, austerities, and deeds done without faith are considered unreal and hold no value here or in the afterlife.
