Mahabharata - Shanti Parva (महाभारत - शान्तिपर्वम्)
- by Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa
(Reproduced BORI version of Mahabharata with English translation using AI for research.)
12.000
Shanti Parva - Kumbhaghonam edition - 12.001
Pancharatra-Ext: Yudhishthira mourns Karna's loss and enquires about his fate. - 12.002
Pancharatra-Ext: Sage Narada narrates Karna's story of how he became a disciple of Bharadwaja to learn Brahmastra, faking himself as a Brahmin. Then by accident he killed a cow and was cursed by a Brahmin. - 12.003
Pancharatra-Ext: Karna, though bitten by a worm, a daemon Gṛtsa by name, endured, suspecting that the teacher might awaken. As Karna cheated on his teacher out of greed for weapons, he was cursed. - 12.004
Pancharatra-Ext: Karna helps Duryodhana to win the maiden of Rājapura, in the territory of Kaliṅga, daughter of King Citrāṅgada, by defeating several kings. - 12.005
Pancharatra-Ext: Narada concludes, summarizing the reasons why Karna was defeated by Arjuna. - 12.006
Pancharatra-Ext: Yudhishthira curses the entire women species, disturbed by his mother's secrecy - "In all worlds, women will not keep secrets." - 12.007
Pancharatra-Ext: After prolonged lamentation, Yudhishthira asks Arjuna to govern the kingdom, as he has no desire left to rule. - 12.008
Pancharatra-Ext: Arjuna advises Yudhishthira on the importance of wealth. - 12.009
Pancharatra-Ext: Yudhisthira narrates how a mendicant forest dweller should conduct himself - Vanaprastha principles. - 12.010
Pancharatra-Ext: Bhima intervenes and advises, "Observe how the world is engaged in its own actions; therefore, one should act, for there is no success in inaction." - 12.011
Library: Arjuna advises Yudhishthira to rule the earth and not to be tempted by inaction. - 12.012
Library: Nakula advises Yudhishthira to stay steady as a householder and rule the earth. - 12.013
Library: Sahadeva also advises Yudhishthira to strive for action and rule to earth without attachment. - 12.014
Library: Draupadi advises Yudhishthira to rule the earth, as the highest duty of kings is to prevent the unrighteous and protect the righteous. - 12.015
Library: Arjuna appraises Yudhishthira on how the rod of punishment protects society and why he should rule the kingdom. - 12.016
Library: Bhima appraises Yudhishthira about the two kinds of diseases and asks him to rule the kingdom having understood the coming and going of beings. He also asks Yudhishthira to perform the horse-sacrifice according to the prescribed rules. - 12.017
Library: Yudhishthira advises his brothers and Draupadi on truth. - 12.018
Library: Arjuna, quoting the conversation between King Janaka and his wife, says by protecting the people and practicing the highest charity, being devoted to Brahman and speaking the truth, we shall attain the desired worlds. - 12.019
Library: Yudhishthira advises Arjuna - the knower of dharma attains greatness through austerity, finds greatness through intellect, and always attains happiness through renunciation. - 12.020
Library: The divine sage advises King Yudhisthira on the importance of wealth and how it should be used for sacrifice alone. - 12.021
Library: Divine sages advise Yudhishthira - The knower of dharma should restrain the wicked, favour the good, and, having established his subjects on the path of righteousness, conduct himself accordingly. - 12.022
Library: Arjuna again advises Yudhishthira on warrior duties. - 12.023
Library: Sage Vyasa, concurring with Bhima, says the practice of householder duties is the highest, and for a warrior like him who is knowledgeable, taking the burden of ruling the kingdom is suitable. - 12.024
Library: Vyasa narrates the story of Sudyumna and concludes saying for a kṣatriya, the duty is to punish, not to shave the head. - 12.025
Library: Vyasa narrates the story of Hayagriva, how after properly acquiring the Vedas and studying the śāstras, and after rightly protecting the kingdom, the noble-souled Vājigrīva, having established the fourfold order in his own duty, rejoices in the world of the gods. - 12.026
Library: Sage Vyasa, taking an example of King Senajit, highlights the importance of time. - 12.027
Library: When Yudhishthira speaks of giving up his life, sage Vyasa advises, act in accordance with how you have been created by the Creator, in your duties. You are not the master of your own self. - 12.028
Library: Vyasa narrates the song of stone, told to King Janaka, on the importance of time and timely actions. - 12.029
Library: Krishna narrates the conversation between sage Narada and Sṛñjaya, where various great kings like Bharata, Bhagirata, Rama, Dilipa, Mandhata, Yayati, Nahusha, Shashibindu, Chaitraratha, Rantideva, Sagara, and Prithu are narrated, and all are dead, and hence one should not be miserable because of death. - 12.030
Library: Yudhisthira asks about Kāñcanaṣṭhīvī, the son of Sṛñjaya. Krishna narrates the story of Narada receiving a curse to appear as a monkey, and then directs the question to Narada. - 12.031
Library: Sage Narada narrates the story of King Sṛñjaya and his son, providing the context for the teachings given by Krishna. - 12.032
Core and Pancharatra: Sage Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana advises Yudhishthira on the eternal duty of a king to protect dharma. Also how he was only instrumental in the destruction caused by the war. - 12.033
Core and Pancharatra: Yudhishthira, not satisfied, asks about the special Aashramas. - 12.034
Core and Pancharatra: Vyasa instructs Yudhishthira that he has done only his duty and no sin attaches to him. He should perform the horse-sacrifice and assure all the kingdoms. - 12.035
Library and Core: Yudhishthira asks about the actions that require atonement, and Vyasa advises. - 12.036
Library: Various kinds of sin and the atonement for the same. - 12.037
Library: What should be eaten, what is praised as worthy to be given, and who is a worthy recipient? - 12.038
Core and Pancharatra: When further enquired, Vyasa advised Yudhishthira to ask Bhishma, who is most knowledgeable on the subject. The son of Pāṇḍu, surrounded by friends and praised with auspicious words, entered the city. - 12.039
Core and Pancharatra: Pandavas enter the city filled with words of praise and with sounds arising from affection. Killing of Cārvāka demon disguised as a Brāhmaṇa by Brahmanas by uttering 'huṅ' sounds. - 12.040
Core and Pancharatra-Ext: Yudhishthira, the king of dharma, was anointed as the lord of the earth. The virtuous honoured him, together with his friends. - 12.041
Core and Pancharatra-Ext: Yudhishthira declares Dhritarashtra to be respected at all times and then allocates portfolios to govern the kingdom. - 12.042
Core and Pancharatra-Ext: Funeral rites; taking care of veterans and their families; Yudhisthira, the supremely compassionate, bestowed his favor upon the poor, the blind, and the miserable by providing them with shelter, clothing, and food; without any rivals, lived happily. - 12.043
Pancharatra: King Yudhishthira praises Lord Krishna with the Satvatha Samhita (Pancharatra Agama) tenets in the assembly. - 12.044
Pancharatra: Vṛkodara got Duryodhana's house; Arjuna got Duḥśāsana's, Nakula got Durmarṣaṇa's, Sahadeva got Durmukha's. Kṛṣṇa, accompanied by Sātyaki, entered Arjuna's residence. - 12.045
Pancharatra: King Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of dharma, approached Lord Krishna and started to praise; the Blessed Lord did not say anything, but entered into meditation. - 12.046
Pancharatra: Understanding Bhishma is meditating on him, Lord Krishna readies to visit him, also asks Yudhisthira to ask the most knowledgeable Bhishma about the duties pertaining to the four Vedas, the four officiating priests, the four stages of life, and the four social classes. - 12.047
Pancharatra: Hymns of praise sung by Bhishma on Lord Krishna, composed by Vyasa. Krishna along with the Pandavas start their journey towards Bhishma. - 12.048
Pancharatra and Library: On the way to the Kurukshetra battlefield, Yudhishthira enquires about five lakes and the incident related to Parashurama destroying the warrior class. - 12.049
Library: Enquired by Yudhisthira, Krishna tells the story of Gadi, Vishvamitra, Jamadajni, Kārtavīrya, and Paraśurāma, on the way to Kurukshetra. - 12.050
Pancharatra: Krishna praises Bhishma for his knowledge and ask him to dispel the doubts of King Yudhishthira. - 12.051
Pancharatra: Bhishma recognizes and worships Krishna as Lord Vishnu. Krishna requests Bhishma to impart the vast knowledge he has to Yudhishthira. - 12.052
Pancharatra: When Bhishma expresses his inability to steady the mind, Krishna grants him the boon not to feel any pain. As the sun was setting, everyone departed, eager to assemble again the next morning to listen to Bhishma. - 12.053
Pancharatra: The Pandavas, along with Krishna and Satyaki, purify themselves and visit Bhishma, leaving behind the army and others. - 12.054
Pancharatra: Being enquired by Krishna, Bhishma says his intellect has stabilized by the boon granted to him. Krishna requests him to teach eternal dharma, which is as authentic as the Vedas themselves. - 12.055
Core and Pancharatra: Bhishma says Yudhishthira should only ask the questions directly, and then he will answer. Accordingly, Yudhishthira comes forward and takes his blessings. - 12.056
Pancharatra: Bhishma starts instructing Yudhishthira the kingly duties: restraint is regarded as the means of governance; royal duties in the world dispel the path of inauspiciousness; prosperity is never attained by fate alone, but only through effort; when an undertaking fails, do not grieve, humility is the highest policy; there is no greater cause for trust than truth; gentle and harsh - practice both qualities; human fortress is the most difficult to overcome; king must act for the welfare of his subjects without self care. - 12.057
Pancharatra: Bhishma continues to instruct royal duties: a teacher, a friend, or a son who acts with evil must certainly be counteracted; should not harm the wealth of others; support those who are not maintained and oversee those who are maintained; be pleasant-faced, and speak to others with a smile; oversees the tasks with focus that have been started but not completed; in whose domain men move about fearlessly like sons in the house of their father; whose wealth is open, whose citizens and subjects are knowledgeable in right and wrong conduct; who honours knowledge; whose spies and counselors are always vigilant in both accomplished and unaccomplished matters. - 12.058
Pancharatra: Bhishma concludes the day's teaching by saying: break the enemy's side by both crooked and straight means; delighting the armies, constantly supervising the people, being tireless in duties, and likewise increasing the treasury - are essential; a kingdom is a vast and complex system, hard to sustain for those lacking self-mastery.
- 12.059
Pancharatra: Second day teachings begin: Story of how teaching concerning 'trivarga' (dharma, artha, kāma) is declared by the self-born (Brahmā); How Lord Vishnu enters the good king and rules. - 12.060
Library: Common and specific duties of each class of people. - 12.061
Library: Ashrama dharmas elaborated by referencing Nārāyaṇa Gīta - 12.062
Library: A Brahmana engaging in the duties of other orders is not recommended. Same holds good for others. - 12.063
Library: Bhishma highlights the importance of kindly duties to sustain and govern four classes and four orders. - 12.064
Library: An ancient conversation between King Mandhata and Indra regarding importance of kingly duties. - 12.065
Library: Continued conversation between King Madhata and Indra, elaborating on the governance of thieves and others who deviate from the path. - 12.066
Library: Bhishma elaborates on the four ashramas. - 12.067
Library: Bhishma elaborates on the most important duty of the kingdom. - 12.068
Library: Adverse effects of non governance and benefits of good governance are elaborated. - 12.069
Library: How should the country be protected, and how should the enemies be guarded against? How should one employ a spy? How should one win the trust of the classes? And how should one win over servants, wives, and sons? - 12.070
Library: The science of punishment - A kṣatriya, always aware and guided by the science of punishment, should seek what has not yet been attained and protect what has already been acquired. - 12.071
Library: Thirty-six qualities that get objects of desire that yield happiness, both in this world and after death for a king. - 12.072
Library: Summary of the established Kingly dharmas. - 12.073
Library: Occupational duties of the four orders. - 12.074
Library: When the brāhmaṇa abandons the kṣatriya, or when the kṣatriya abandons the brāhmaṇa, which among them in this situation partake of strength, and which among them are dispersed in weakness? - 12.075
Library: The king who knows Brahmana and acts with Brahmana as his foremost guide conquers the unconquered earth and attains great fame. - 12.076
Library: Again Yudhiṣṭhira expresses his disinterest in ruling the kingdom. Then Bhishma advises, "Even a small act, if it is mostly virtuous and noble, is better than not acting at all; there is nothing worse than inaction." - 12.077
Library: Those who are merely relatives of brāhmaṇas, lacking in action, and who are miserly, are indeed considered equal to śūdras. Among Brāhmaṇas, those who are horse-riders, elephant-riders, charioteers, and foot-soldiers are considered equal to Vaiśyas. - 12.078
Library: Orientation and treatment of a King towards the four orders. - 12.079
Library: Duties to be taken up by four orders during a distress situation. - 12.080
Library: Qualities of priests. Regarding gifts, sacrifices, and faith. - 12.081
Library: Whom should the king trust, and whom should he not trust? - 12.082
Library: What is best for both my relatives and myself? - the conversation between Vāsudeva and the divine sage Nārada. - 12.083
Library: Protection of the royal treasury - Kālakavṛkṣa recited this ancient story to Kausalya. - 12.084
Library: How to choose the members of the Royal Assembly. - 12.085
Library: The conversation between Bṛhaspati and Śakra - conciliation. - 12.086
Library: How to select ministers, diplomats, and other council members. - 12.087
Library: Kind of city and fort in which a king deserves to dwell. - 12.088
Library: Grouping of villages and governance of the state. Importance of cattle as economic wealth. - 12.089
Library: How to tax and extract work from people. - 12.090
Library: How to govern the kingdom and protect economic activities? - 12.091
Library: Advice on why dharma is the most important attribute that a king should protect. - 12.092
Library: O king, if you act righteously and protect the earth as Māndhātṛ did, will attain a place in heaven. - 12.093
Library: Vāmadeva's teaching on kingly duties to the son of Nahusha. - 12.094
Library: The royal Upanishad of King Yayati, the son of Nahusha, continues. - 12.095
Library: Vāmadeva summarizes and concludes his teaching on kingly duties. - 12.096
Library: if a Kshatriya wishes to conquer another Kshatriya in battle, whose victory is righteous? - 12.097
Library: Victory gained through unrighteousness is unstable. - 12.098
Library: Every warrior who is determined to abandon even his life for the highest cause attains the world of Indra; the hero never turns his back in battle. - 12.099
Library: The ancient conversation between Ambarīṣa and Indra on the worlds that await those who give up life in a war. - 12.100
Library: The ancient story of Pratardana and the king of Mithila. - 12.101
Library: How and when to wage war and military tactics. - 12.102
Library: How and when to wage war and military tactics. - 12.103
Library: More military tactics. - 12.104
Library: The conversation between Bṛhaspati and Indra - how should I act among the harmful without fatigue? - 12.105
Library: The story of Kṣemadarśin - Everything that is perceived as "I and mine" is impermanent. - 12.106
Library: Mediocore policy for attaining the kingdom. - 12.107
Library: The supreme duty of kings: to endure both victory and defeat. - 12.108
Library: The conduct of the group. - 12.109
Library: What is considered the most essential dharma to be practiced? - 12.110
Library: What is truly truth, what is falsehood, what is the eternal righteous principle? - 12.111
Library: Enumeration of duties, by which a man may overcome difficulties both here and in the next world. - 12.112
Library: The dialogue between the tiger and the jackal - how can we recognize such men—those who are not pleasant in nature but appear pleasant. - 12.113
Library: The remarkable conduct of the camel - due to laziness, a great fault gradually arose. - 12.114
Library: The conversation between the rivers and the ocean - adopt a flexible approach; this is the mark of wisdom. - 12.115
Library: How should one respond when a wise person is insulted in the assembly by an arrogant fool? - 12.116
Library: A king who gathers men, understands royal duties, and deals with the sixfold group of enemies, enjoys the rewards. - 12.117
Library: Story of the dog transforming into a leopard, then into a tiger, then to an intoxicated and strong elephant, then into a lion, then into a śarabha. - 12.118
Library: A king who desires the growth of his kingdom should seek out good men, helpers, and supporters of the kingdom, and should not disrespect them. - 12.119
Library: The śarabha should be in the place of the śarabha, the lion should be empowered like a lion. The tiger should be established like a tiger, and the panther just as a panther, accordingly. - 12.120
Library: The protection of all beings is considered the highest duty in the kṣatriya order. - 12.121
Library: The three aims of life—dharma, artha, and kāma—always proceed from proper administration of punishment. Indeed, fate is the supreme punishment, which in form is like fire with an upraised flame. - 12.122
Library: How the honored staff of dharma, the punishment, is ever established in all - teachings of Vasuhoma to king Māndhātā. - 12.123
Library: Sage Kāmanda's teachings to King Aṅgāriṣṭha - He who abandons both dharma and artha and follows only desire attains the destruction of wisdom. - 12.124
Library: Story of King Prahlada - how character is attained? - 12.125
Library: The hope of every person is very great. When that is destroyed, sorrow and death, without doubt, follow. What is the secret behind hope? - 12.126
Library: What is truly difficult to obtain? And what may be the nature of hope? - 12.127
Library: What is truly difficult to obtain? And what may be the nature of hope? - 12.128
Library: The conversation between Gautama and the great-souled Yama
- 12.129
Library: Just as the king protects the kingdom in times of calamity with abundant resources, so too should the kingdom protect the king in times of adversity. - 12.130
Library: When a weak person is attacked by a stronger enemy force and is mentally afflicted, what should be done? - 12.131
Library: Treasury and robbers! - 12.132
Library: Dharma established in strength moves on the earth like a living being! - 12.133
Library: Story of Kāpavya the robber and the prescribed conduct for robbers. - 12.134
Library: Songs of Brahman - the path by which kings establish and maintain the treasury. - 12.135
Library: Three fish - far-sighted, process-oriented, and procrastinators. - 12.136
Library: Story of the wise mouse Palita and a cat named Lomaśa - among treatises on ethics, distrust is considered the highest principle. - 12.137
Library: The dialogue between Pūjanyā and Brahmadatta on the matter regarding trust. - 12.138
Library: How to conduct oneself during a crisis - the conversation between Bharadvāja and King Śatruntapa. - 12.139
Library: The conversation between Viśvāmitra and the Caṇḍāla in the cremation ground - survival is paramount during a crisis. - 12.140
Library: Bhishma summarises - When a wise person's treatise is spoken in an assembly, it may go unnoticed; but when articulated with intellect derived from both acquired and traditional knowledge, it is praised. - 12.141
Library: The tale of King Mucukunda as narrated by Bhārgava - what is the duty that serves as the refuge for one who seeks protection? - 12.142
Library: Story of a Bird hunter, a Bird, and its wife - How to serve the guest? - 12.143
Library: By offering one's own body, the honoring of a guest has been demonstrated - follow dharma, for dharma is truly the highest goal. - 12.144
Library: Having reached heaven, the bird was united with her husband, honored by his deeds, and enjoyed happiness together. - 12.145
Library: The story of the great-souled hunter and the most righteous pigeon comes to an end. - 12.146
Library: Ancient history narrated by the sage Śaunaka, descendant of Indrota, to Janamejaya - the killing of a Brahmana and unknown sins. - 12.147
Library: I will never again harm the Brāhmaṇas by speech, mind, or action; O sage, I truly touch your feet. - 12.148
Library: If both good and bad deeds belong to a person, which of the two prevails? - 12.149
Library: The vulture said, 'When the sun has not set,' and the jackal said, 'When it has set.' Hungry, the two addressed the attendant of the dead with philosophical arguments. - 12.150
Library: The dialogue between Śalmali and the Wind - Narada castigates the arrogant Salmali tree. - 12.151
Library: Story of Shalmali tree - nothing in a person is equal to intellect; likewise, one should consider that there is no equal to strength. - 12.152
Library: Basis of sin - Anger arises from greed; desire proceeds from greed; from greed also come delusion, illusion, and prideful arrogance. - 12.153
Library: Ignorance is also because of greed! - 12.154
Library: Self-restraint is the highest good. It's characteristics. - 12.155
Library: Whatever is difficult to obtain, explain, overcome, or endure—all of it can be accomplished through austerity, for austerity is truly insurmountable. - 12.156
Library: Renunciation, meditation, nobility, steadfastness, constant firmness, non-violence, and so on — these are the thirteen forms of truth. - 12.157
Library: Thirteen very powerful enemies of living beings - anger, desire, sorrow, delusion, the urge to know, dependence on others, pride, greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, malice, and pity. - 12.158
Library: Characteristics of a cruel person. - 12.159
Library: Elaboration of good and bad conduct, with a tinge of later Brahminical orthodoxy. - 12.160
Library: Asked by Nakula, Bhishma described the story of the sword and how it was passed on from generation to generation. - 12.161
Library: Dharma, Arthna and Desire - First, one should practice righteousness; then, pursue purpose aligned with righteousness. Afterwards, desire may be pursued, for that is truly the reward for one whose purpose has been fulfilled. - 12.162
Library: About the men who should be conciliated and those who should not - Story of Gautama Brahmana. - 12.163
Library: The Gautama Brahamana stations himself in the house of Rajadharma, the kingly duty. - 12.164
Library: After taking hospitality with Kashyapa Rajadharma, Gautama arrives at the city of Rakshasa Virupaksha in search of wealth, as instructed by Kshyapa. - 12.165
Library: After receiving gifts from the demon king Virupaksha, on his return journey, Gautama thinks of eating the bird Rajadharma for food. - 12.166
Library: King Virupaksha punishes the cruel Gautama by cutting him into pieces and giving the meat to robbers. Even robbers refuse to eat his meat. - 12.167
Library: When Surabhi's milk falls on the bird Rajadharma, he is revived and worshipped by all.
- 12.168
Library: Brahmana's advice to Senajit when he was mourning the death of his son. - 12.169
Library: Advice by son Medhavi to his father on - passing of time, how one must conduct. Concepts like animal sacrifice, son can liberate father, etc. are rejected. - 12.170
Library: Song by Śamyāka - One does not attain happiness without renunciation; nor does one reach the highest without renunciation; nor does the fearless one rest without renunciation. Abandoning everything, be happy. - 12.171
Library: Song composed by Maṅki out of dispassion - Neither those before nor those after have ever attained the end of desires. Having given up all undertakings, I am awakened and remain awake. - 12.172
Library: The dialogue between Prahlāda, the sage, and the python - seeing that all unions end in separation and all accumulations end in destruction, I never set my mind on any of them. - 12.173
Library: The conversation between Indra, in the form of Jackal, and Kāśyapa - Practice truth, self-restraint, and charity, and do not compete with anyone. - 12.174
Library: Wisdom and Karma - No matter how swiftly one runs, destiny follows. Just as the path of birds in the sky and of fishes in water cannot be seen, so too the path of the wise is not visible. - 12.175
Library: Ancient story spoken by Bhṛgu to Bharadvāja - Creation of the Universe. - 12.176
Library: How did water arise? How indeed did fire and wind come into being? How was the earth created? - 12.177
Library: Five elements and their characteristics. - 12.178
Library: How does the bodily fire exist by resorting to the earthly element? How does the wind act according to particular spaces? - 12.179
Library: Bharadvāja asks - When dissolution has occurred, what does the living being pursue? What does he perceive, or what does he hear or say? - 12.180
Library: Nature of being! - 12.181
Library: There is no distinction among castes; all this world is of Brahman; it was formerly created by Brahman; indeed, by actions it has gone to castehood. - 12.182
Library: Path to Liberation - One should restrain the mind in the vital breath and fix the vital breath in Brahman. - 12.183
Library: Are women the supreme among pleasures? - 12.184
Library: Duties of a student and householder. - 12.185
Library: Practice of Vanaprasta, retiring into the forest! - 12.186
Library: Conduct of the wise! - 12.187
Library: Supreme Knowledge - adhyātma! - 12.188
Library: The fourfold yoga of meditation. - 12.189
Library: Attainment of the immortal, passionless, and pure self. - 12.190
Library: The fate of the Vedic false chanters. - 12.191
Library: What kind of reciter goes to hell? - 12.192
Library: Story of a Brahmana reciter and Ikṣvāku King - the fruits attained by the chanters. - 12.193
Library: The fruit and destination of the chanters - how thorough Yoga they attain the supreme goal. - 12.194
Library: The discussion between Manu and the great sage Bṛhaspati - what is that cause from which the ritual of mantra has arisen, what is the fruit in knowledge that the sages declare, and what is that which is not made manifest by the words of mantras. - 12.195
Library: Creation and working of the being! - 12.196
Library: Manu: Nature of the being and limitations of senses and knowledge. - 12.197
Library: Manu: The senses achieve the functions of the mind, but the mind cannot grasp the intellect. The intellect, in turn, cannot comprehend the unmanifest; only the subtle perceives these things. - 12.198
Library: Manu: Where there is no arrangement of words, who could grasp that subject? - 12.199
Manu: By contemplating that supreme, imperishable, eternal, self-existent state—the immortal and imperishable abode which is the origin and dissolution—one attains tranquility and immortality. - 12.200
Library: Madhusūdana (Viṣṇu) arranged day and night, time, and the seasons; he also established the forenoon and afternoon, arranging everything accordingly. - 12.201
Library: who were the lords of beings in ancient times? And who are the greatly fortunate sages remembered in each direction? - 12.202
Library: All about Kṛṣṇa, the imperishable Lord, his very great splendor and ancient actions - 12.203
Library: The supreme union that leads to liberation - creation based on Sankhya explained. - 12.204
Library: The cause and effect. - 12.205
Library: Which faults are abandoned by the mind, which are loosened by the intellect, which return again and again, and which, due to delusion, are like fruitless efforts? - 12.206
Library: Teacher said - One should understand that suffering increases due to attachment and ego; by renouncing these, cessation is attained, and the one who knows cessation is liberated. - 12.207
Library: The means for celibacy and knowledge. - 12.208
Library: The teacher continues to teach the student about the purity of food, speech and other practices. - 12.209
Library: The teacher elaborates on the dream state and further purification through withdrawal. - 12.210
Library: The blessed sage Nārāyaṇa revealed this immortal teaching out of compassion for all beings - Whoever truly understands modification, primordial nature, and the eternal spirit, becomes free from desire and is liberated. - 12.211
Library: The disciple succession of Sankhya - Kapila, Asura, Devadarshana, and Pañcaśikha are mentioned with the background setting. - 12.212
Library: Teachings of sage Pañcaśikha to King Janaka on Sankhya - 5 senses, 5 action organs, mind, intellect and three qualities. - 12.213
Library: Characteristics of a self-restrained person. - 12.214
Library: What truly is austerity? - 12.215
Library: Conversation between Prahlāda and Indra - Whoever thinks of the self as the doer of good and bad actions, his understanding is faulty. - 12.216
Library: Indra goes to King Bali when he has taken birth as an ass and enquires about his state of mind. - 12.217
Library: Bali educates Indra on the ways of destiny and time. - 12.218
Library: Lakshmi emerging from Bali and said she is under the control of time and has her foot at Earth, Water, Fire, and Virtuous. - 12.219
Library: Śatakratu (Indra) and Namuci hold a conversation that highlights the importance of destiny and the will of the creator. - 12.220
Library: The conversation between Bali and Indra - again the importance of time and destiny are highlighted and how equanimous conduct can overcome the ups and downs. - 12.221
Library: The signs of those who will prosper and of the one who will be ruined - the conversation between Śrī (Lakṣmī) and Śakra (Indra). - 12.222
Library: The character, conduct and the knowledge that enable one to attain the supreme and eternal state of Brahman beyond nature - the conversation between Jaigīṣavya and Asita. - 12.223
Library: Who is dear to all and welcomed by all beings - the conversation between Ugrasena and Keśava that took place in the presence of Nārada. - 12.224
Library: The creation, time, action, the Vedas, the doer, the effect, action, and the fruits - teachings of Vyasa to his son Shuka. - 12.225
Library: Vyasa continues: The expansion and contraction repeatedly occur in Brahman - The wise perceive the sound of space within themselves; that is the unmanifest, supreme, eternal, unsurpassed Brahman. - 12.226
Library: Vyasa continues - The four orders and significance of charity. - 12.227
Library: Vyasa continues - how one should further aspire for knowledge and good conduct. - 12.228
Library: Vyasa Continues - The two selves become attached to the Vedas and to objects; withdrawal from objects is the mark of accomplishment for the Sāṅkhyas. - 12.229
Library: Vyasa continues - Classification of beings. - 12.230
Library: Vyasa continues - How with passage of time dharma deteriorates. - 12.231
Library: Teaching of the self Knowledge from Vyasa to Shuka muni. - 12.232
Library: Teaching of Vyasa to Shuka: Practice of Yoga to all, including women and the working class; how to attain moksha in six months. - 12.233
Library: Vyasa continues - those who have attained supreme wisdom and discern the true skill in dharma do not praise mere action, just as one does not drink from a well when standing in a river. - 12.234
Library: Vyasa continues - Ashrams are a four-step ladder to Brahman! Practice of Brahmacharya. - 12.235
Library: Vyasa continues - duties and practices of a householder. - 12.236
Library: Forest dwelling life - when, how, and when to end. - 12.237
Library: Practice of mendicant life - free from anger and delusion, viewing clod and gold with equal regard, having abandoned sorrow, transcending alliance and conflict, unaffected by blame and praise, treating the pleasant and unpleasant alike, wanders about like one indifferent. - 12.238
Library: Vyasa concludes his secret instructions - having stilled the mind through meditation and knowledge, the one who is not a master, with a tranquil self, then attains the immortal state. - 12.239
Library: Asked by Shuka, Vyasa explains adhyātma - Sankhya philosophy. - 12.240
Library: Vyasa continues explaining adhyātma - the mind generates emotion, the intellect determines, and the heart perceives pleasure and pain; thus, the impulse to action is threefold. - 12.241
Library: Vyasa continues - An action performed without ulterior motive destroys the effects of previous actions. For such a doer, neither pleasure nor pain are produced here. - 12.242
Library: Vyasa continues, "The duty, ancient and praised by sages, which is distinguished from all other duties is single-pointedness of the mind and senses". - 12.243
Library: Vyasa continues: renunciation is the true essence of austerity; happiness is the essence of renunciation; heaven is the essence of happiness; and tranquility is the essence of heaven. - 12.244
Library: Vyasa continues: the intellect is resolute, the mind is analytical; the living being known as the field is to be understood through action and inference. - 12.245
Library: Vyasa continues: those whose minds are fixed on the śāstra perceive, by actions as stated in the śāstra, the subtle being—the embodied one—who is indeed completely released from the body. - 12.246
Library: Vyasa continues - the root of latent impressions is forcefully uprooted by one who acts with renunciation, vigilance, and equanimity as the supreme sword. - 12.247
Library: Vyasa continues - qualities of five elements, mind, and intellect. - 12.248
Library: To overcome the grief of losing a son, Bhishma starts narrating the story of a king named Avikampaka. - 12.249
Library: Bhishma narrates a conversation between Brahma and Shiva and creation of a devi. - 12.250
Library: The story of how death was appointed to take away living beings - at the final moment, desire and anger arise, delude, and destroy the life-breaths of living beings. - 12.251
Library: What is dharma? Is righteousness meant for this world, or for the other world? - 12.252
Library: Good conduct is regarded as dharma. Ordinary people perceive unrighteousness disguised as righteousness, while someone extraordinary perceives righteousness even when it appears as unrighteousness. How can one distinguish between what should or should not be accomplished, since good conduct itself is without a fixed characteristic? - 12.253
Library: Accomplishment of the twice-born ascetic Jājali with birds. His Vārāṇasī visit to meet the merchant Tulādhāra, to learn about dharma. - 12.254
Library: Tulādhāra explains subtleties of dharma - non-injury to beings, or at least by causing as little harm as possible; a well-wisher of all and engaged in the welfare of all, by action, mind, and speech; neither praise nor condemn the actions of others; neither cling nor oppose, nor do I hate or desire. I am impartial to all beings; there is no duty greater than non-injury to living beings; seek out dharma based on reason, not merely follow worldly customs. - 12.255
Library: Tulādhāra advises against mindless ritualism and sacrifices. - 12.256
Library: Brahmagītāḥ sung by the birds praising faith - What is the use of austerity, conduct, or self, even? This person is made of faith; as is his faith, so is he. - 12.257
Library: Violence against animals and animal sacrifices are not approved by Vedas. Meat, honey, liquor, fish, and spirituous liquors are not recommended. - 12.258
Library: Ancient story of the Angiras family - importance of father, mother, and acting with deliberation. - 12.259
Library: If killing were considered righteousness, then what could ever be called righteousness? If robbers are not slain, there would be a confusion of true lineage. - 12.260
Library: The conversation between Kapila and the cow - how, where and when of Vedic sacrifices? - 12.261
Library: Kapila's instruction to Syumarashmi on dharma. - 12.262
Library: Kapila continues to teach dharma - Non-cruelty, forgiveness, peace, non-violence, truthfulness, straightforwardness, absence of malice, absence of pride, modesty, endurance, and tranquility are virtues. - 12.263
Library: The ancient story of how Kuṇḍadhāra bestowed a favor upon a devotee - there is some happiness in wealth, but the highest happiness is found in dharma. - 12.264
Library: Non-violence is the highest duty; violence in sacrifice is not truly established. - 12.265
Library: About evil, righteousness, liberation, and also dispassion. - 12.266
Library: How to overcome defects? Qualities to be developed to attain tranquility. - 12.267
Library: Nārada enquires of the aged Devala about the origin and dissolution of beings - Sankhya system. - 12.268
Library: How to overcome desire? An ancient story, told by the king of Videha to Māṇḍavya. - 12.269
Library: The kind of character, conduct, knowledge, and ultimate aim required to attain the supreme eternal state - the conduct of a wandering ascetic. - 12.270
Library: Why impelled by time, beings come into being again and again? - converzation between Vṛtra and Uśanā. - 12.271
Library: Sanatkumāra elaborated on the greatness of Viṣṇu to the wise king of the Dānavas and explained to path towards liberation. - 12.272
Library: How was Vṛtra, who was righteous, a devotee of Viṣṇu, and a knower of truth, slain by Śakra? The battle between Śakra and Vṛtra. - 12.273
Library: Indra incurs sin of killing a brahmin by the death of Vṛtra. How this sin is spread across various activities in the world is explained. - 12.274
Library: The anger of Uma; the destruction of Daksha's sacrifice; birth of fever by Lord Shiva's sweat; Why did fever arise in Vṛtra? - 12.275
Library: The dialogue between Nārada and Samaṅga. - 12.276
Library: What is the highest good for a person who is ignorant of the true principle? - by austerity alone that abundant highest good will clearly manifest (conversation between Gālava and the divine sage Nārada). - 12.277
Library: Being always endowed with what qualities is one freed from the bonds of attachment? - (the ancient story that Ariṣṭanemi told to Sagara). - 12.278
Library: How did Uśanā, obtain the state of Śukra and attain prosperity? - the story of how he came out of Shiva's body as semen. - 12.279
Library: Conversation between King Janaka and the great-souled Parāśara - how karma binds. - 12.280
Library: Ways of Karma and Sin. - 12.281
Library: Parashara continues: Who serves whom, and who gives to whom? Every living being performs all actions solely for their own sake. - 12.282
Library: Parashara continues: A brāhmaṇa shines by self-restraint, a kṣatriya by victory; a vaiśya by wealth, and a śūdra always shines by skill. - 12.283
Library: Parashara continues: It is among humans that dharma and adharma are active; it is not so among other beings. - 12.284
Library: Parashara continues: When the sources of affection are destroyed and one is tormented dispassion arises; from dispassion arises self-realization; from it the scriptural insight; from it one truly perceives austerity. - 12.285
Library: Parashara continues: The specific duties of the classes and also the general duties. Does action defile him, or is it birth? - 12.286
Library: Parashara continues explaining the good conduct. - 12.287
Library: Parashara continues on the ways of dharma and karma. - 12.288
Library: The conversation between the Sādhyas and Haṃsa - the dharma of liberation. - 12.289
Library: Both yoga and sāṅkhya, based on direct perception, reasoning, and scriptural conclusions, are, in my opinion, true in essence. - 12.290
Library: Sankhya explained. - 12.291
Library: Dialogue between Vasiṣṭha and Karala Janaka - Twenty five principles of Sankhya. - 12.292
Library: Vasiṣṭha continues to instruct Karala Janaka - Ways of Karma and path to liberation. - 12.293
Library: Vasiṣṭha continues to instruct Karala Janaka - oneness is called the imperishable, and manifoldness is said to be the perishable. - 12.294
Library: Vasiṣṭha continues to instruct Karala Janaka - Sankhya and Yoga. - 12.295
Library: Vasiṣṭha continues to instruct Karala Janaka - knowledge and ignorance, imperishable and perishable. - 12.296
Library: Vasiṣṭha continues to instruct Karala Janaka - The secret knowledge of liberation, the twenty-sixth principle! - 12.297
Library: The foremost Brāhmaṇa sage, a descendant of Bhṛgu's lineage, teaches the highest good to Vasumān the son of Janaka. - 12.298
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya teaches Janaka of the Daivarāti lineage Sankhya - eight natures, sixteen modifications, and seven manifested entities. - 12.299
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues - measure of time. - 12.300
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues - Creation of beings. - 12.301
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues: The aspect of Lord Vishnu in each function of the body and the presiding deities. Properties emanating from three qualities. - 12.302
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues - acts driven by the tree qualities. - 12.303
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues - Sankhya notion of agency. - 12.304
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues - Yoga explained. - 12.305
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues: Way to depart practicing the Yoga. - 12.306
Library: Sage Yājñavalkya continues: How the most supreme knowledge descended. Historical outline. Knowledge of the twenty-sixth, the twenty-fifth, and the twenty-fourth. - 12.307
Library: King Janaka of Videha questioned the great sage Pañcaśikha on old-age and death. - 12.308
Library: The conversation between Janaka Dharmadhvaja and a female mendicant, Sulabhā. - 12.309
Library: Teachings of Vyasa to his son Shuka, which led Shuka to take up liberation. - 12.310
Library: How Vyasa performed penance to obtain a great son, Shuka. - 12.311
Library: Birth of Shuka by combination of fire and Ghṛtācī. His education under Bruhaspati. - 12.312
Library: After studying Yoga and then Sankhya of Kapila, the young Shuka, instructed by Vyasa, goes to Janaka for understanding liberation. - 12.313
Library: King Janaka instructs young Shuka on liberation by narrating verses sung by the king Yayāti, and says he already possesses all those qualities. - 12.314
Library: After the return of Shuka, Vyasa instructs his five disciples on self-study and education. - 12.315
Library: Vyasa along with Shuka engages in studies after the departure of his other students. Vyasa instructs Shuka on Vayu. - 12.316
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