18.005
जनमेजय उवाच॥
janamejaya uvāca॥
[जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya; (proper noun; a king's name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (3rd person singular, perfect, of the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Janamejaya said;)
Janamejaya said.
भीष्मद्रोणौ महात्मानौ धृतराष्ट्रश्च पार्थिवः। विराटद्रुपदौ चोभौ शङ्खश्चैवोत्तरस्तथा ॥१८-५-१॥
bhīṣmadroṇau mahātmānau dhṛtarāṣṭraś ca pārthivaḥ। virāṭadrupadau cobhau śaṅkhaś caiva uttaras tathā ॥18-5-1॥
[भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa; महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - great-souled ones; धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra; च (ca) - and; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king; विराटद्रुपदौ (virāṭadrupadau) - Virāṭa and Drupada; च (ca) - and; उभौ (ubhau) - both; शङ्खः (śaṅkhaḥ) - Śaṅkha; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Uttara; तथा (tathā) - and likewise;]
(Bhīṣma and Droṇa, great-souled ones, Dhṛtarāṣṭra and the king, Virāṭa and Drupada, both, Śaṅkha and indeed Uttara and likewise.)
Bhīṣma and Droṇa, the great-souled, Dhṛtarāṣṭra the king, Virāṭa and Drupada both, and also Śaṅkha and Uttara likewise. (18-5-1)
धृष्टकेतुर्जयत्सेनो राजा चैव स सत्यजित्। दुर्योधनसुताश्चैव शकुनिश्चैव सौबलः ॥१८-५-२॥
dhṛṣṭaketur jayatseno rājā caiva sa satyajit. duryodhanasutāś caiva śakuniś caiva saubalaḥ ॥18-5-2॥
[धृष्टकेतुः (dhṛṣṭaketuḥ) - Dhṛṣṭaketu; जयत्सेनः (jayatsenaḥ) - Jayatsena; राजा (rājā) - king; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he; सत्यजित् (satyajit) - Satyajit; दुर्योधनसुताः (duryodhanasutāḥ) - sons of Duryodhana; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - the son of Subala;]
(Dhṛṣṭaketu, Jayatsena, king indeed, he Satyajit, sons of Duryodhana and indeed, Śakuni and indeed, (the) son of Subala.)
Dhṛṣṭaketu, Jayatsena, the king, Satyajit, the sons of Duryodhana, and Śakuni, the son of Subala, (were present). (18-5-2)
कर्णपुत्राश्च विक्रान्ता राजा चैव जयद्रथः। घटोत्कचादयश्चैव ये चान्ये नानुकीर्तिताः ॥१८-५-३॥
karṇaputrāś ca vikrāntā rājā caiva jayadrathaḥ। ghaṭotkacādayaś caiva ye ca anye nānukīrtitāḥ॥18-5-3॥
[कर्णपुत्राः (karṇaputrāḥ) - sons of Karṇa; च (ca) - and; विक्रान्ताः (vikrāntāḥ) - valiant; राजा (rājā) - king; चैव (caiva) - and indeed; जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha; घटोत्कचादयः (ghaṭotkacādayaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca and others; चैव (caiva) - and indeed; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; न (na) - not; अनुकीर्तिताः (anukīrtitāḥ) - mentioned;]
(Sons of Karṇa and valiant, the king and indeed Jayadratha; Ghaṭotkaca and others and indeed, who and others not mentioned.)
The valiant sons of Karṇa, the king Jayadratha, Ghaṭotkaca and others, and those others not mentioned. (18-5-3)
ये चान्ये कीर्तितास्तत्र राजानो दीप्तमूर्तयः। स्वर्गे कालं कियन्तं ते तस्थुस्तदपि शंस मे ॥१८-५-४॥
ye cānye kīrtitās tatra rājāno dīptamūrtayaḥ। svarge kālaṃ kiyantaṃ te tasthus tad api śaṃsa me॥18-5-4॥
[ये (ye) - who; (those) which; that; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - other; कीर्तिताः (kīrtitāḥ) - mentioned; celebrated; तत्र (tatra) - there; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; दीप्तमूर्तयः (dīptamūrtayaḥ) - radiant in form; of brilliant appearance; स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven; कालं (kālaṃ) - time; duration; कियन्तं (kiyantaṃ) - how much; how long; ते (te) - they; तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - remained; stayed; तदपि (tad api) - that also; even that; शंस (śaṃsa) - tell; declare; मे (me) - to me;]
(Who and other kings, mentioned there, radiant in form, in heaven (for) how long time they remained, that also tell to me.)
Tell me also how long those other kings, mentioned there, who were of radiant forms, remained in heaven. (18-5-4)
आहो स्विच्छाश्वतं स्थानं तेषां तत्र द्विजोत्तम। अन्ते वा कर्मणः कां ते गतिं प्राप्ता नरर्षभाः ॥ एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं प्रोच्यमानं त्वया द्विज ॥१८-५-५॥
āho svicchāśvataṃ sthānaṃ teṣāṃ tatra dvijottama| ante vā karmaṇaḥ kāṃ te gatiṃ prāptā nararṣabhāḥ|| etadicchāmyahaṃ śrotuṃ procyamānaṃ tvayā dvija||18-5-5||
[आहो (āho) - indeed; (an exclamation); स्वि (svi) - truly; (particle); इच्छाश्वतं (icchāśvatam) - wished; desired; स्थानं (sthānam) - state; abode; place; तेषां (teṣām) - of them; तत्र (tatra) - there; in that; द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of twice-born; (brahmin); अन्ते (ante) - at the end; वा (vā) - or; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; of deed; कां (kāṃ) - which; ते (te) - they; (those); गतिं (gatiṃ) - path; course; destination; प्राप्ता (prāptā) - attained; reached; नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - best of men; एतत् (etat) - this; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; I wish; अहं (ahaṃ) - I; श्रोतुं (śrotum) - to hear; प्रोच्यमानं (procyamānam) - being spoken; being told; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born; brahmin;]
(Indeed truly wished state of them there O best of twice-born; at the end or of action which they path attained best of men; this I desire I to hear being told by you O twice-born.)
O best of the twice-born, is that truly the wished-for state for them there? Or, at the end of their actions, which path did those best of men attain? This I wish to hear, O twice-born, as told by you. (18-5-5)
सूत उवाच॥
sūta uvāca॥
[सूत (sūta) - the sage Sūta; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The sage Sūta said;)
Sūta said;
इत्युक्तः स तु विप्रर्षिरनुज्ञातो महात्मना। व्यासेन तस्य नृपतेराख्यातुमुपचक्रमे ॥१८-५-६॥
ity-uktaḥ sa tu viprarṣiḥ anujñātaḥ mahātmanā। vyāsena tasya nṛpateḥ ākhyātum upacakrame ॥18-5-6॥
[इति-उक्तः (iti-uktaḥ) - thus spoken to; स (sa) - he; तु (tu) - but; विप्रर्षिः (viprarṣiḥ) - sage among the twice-born; अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been permitted; महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one; व्यासेन (vyāsena) - by Vyāsa; तस्य (tasya) - of him; नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king; आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to narrate; उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - he began;]
(Thus spoken to, he but the sage among the twice-born, having been permitted by the great-souled one, by Vyāsa, of him, of the king, to narrate, began.)
Thus addressed, the sage among the twice-born, having been permitted by the great-souled Vyāsa, began to narrate the story of that king. (18-5-6)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun; name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular perfect of 'vac', to speak);]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
गन्तव्यं कर्मणामन्ते सर्वेण मनुजाधिप। शृणु गुह्यमिदं राजन्देवानां भरतर्षभ ॥ यदुवाच महातेजा दिव्यचक्षुः प्रतापवान् ॥१८-५-७॥
gantavyaṃ karmaṇāmante sarveṇa manujādhipa। śṛṇu guhyamidaṃ rājandevānāṃ bharatarṣabha ॥ yaduvāca mahātejā divyacakṣuḥ pratāpavān ॥18-5-7॥
[गन्तव्यं (gantavyam) - to be gone; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; अन्ते (ante) - at the end; सर्वेण (sarveṇa) - by all; मनुजाधिप (manujādhipa) - O king of men; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret; इदम् (idam) - this; राजन् (rājan) - O king; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; यद् (yad) - which; उवाच (uvāca) - spoke; महातेजा (mahātejā) - greatly radiant; दिव्यचक्षुः (divyacakṣuḥ) - divine-eyed; प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful;]
(To be gone at the end of actions by all, O king of men. Listen to this secret of the gods, O king, O best of Bharatas, which the greatly radiant, divine-eyed, powerful one spoke.)
O king of men, all must go at the end of their actions. Listen to this secret of the gods, O king, O best of the Bharatas, as spoken by the greatly radiant, divine-eyed, powerful one. (18-5-7)
मुनिः पुराणः कौरव्य पाराशर्यो महाव्रतः। अगाधबुद्धिः सर्वज्ञो गतिज्ञः सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥१८-५-८॥
muniḥ purāṇaḥ kauravya pārāśaryo mahāvrataḥ। agādhabuddhiḥ sarvajño gatijñaḥ sarvakarmaṇām ॥18-5-8॥
[मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; पुराणः (purāṇaḥ) - ancient; कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; पाराशर्यः (pārāśaryaḥ) - son of Parāśara; महाव्रतः (mahāvrataḥ) - one of great vows; अगाधबुद्धिः (agādhabuddhiḥ) - of unfathomable intellect; सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - all-knowing; गतिज्ञः (gatijñaḥ) - knower of movement; सर्वकर्मणाम् (sarvakarmaṇām) - of all actions;]
(Sage, ancient, O descendant of Kuru, son of Parāśara, one of great vows, of unfathomable intellect, all-knowing, knower of movement, of all actions.)
O descendant of Kuru, the sage, son of Parāśara, who is ancient, of great vows, possessing unfathomable intellect, all-knowing, knower of the ways and actions of all (beings). (18-5-8)
वसूनेव महातेजा भीष्मः प्राप महाद्युतिः। अष्टावेव हि दृश्यन्ते वसवो भरतर्षभ ॥१८-५-९॥
vasūn eva mahā-tejā bhīṣmaḥ prāpa mahā-dyutiḥ। aṣṭāv eva hi dṛśyante vasavo bharatarṣabha ॥18-5-9॥
[वसून् (vasūn) - the Vasus (a class of deities); इव (eva) - as if; like; just; verily; महातेजा (mahā-tejā) - of great splendor; possessing great energy; भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun); प्राप (prāpa) - attained; reached; महाद्युतिः (mahā-dyutiḥ) - greatly resplendent; possessing great brilliance; अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight; एव (eva) - indeed; just; surely; हि (hi) - indeed; certainly; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; are visible; वसवः (vasavaḥ) - the Vasus; (divine beings); भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull of the Bharatas; (epithet of king);]
(As if the Vasus, the greatly splendid Bhīṣma attained great brilliance. Eight indeed are seen Vasus, O bull of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, the greatly splendid Bhīṣma attained great brilliance like the Vasus themselves. Indeed, only eight Vasus are seen. (18-5-9)
बृहस्पतिं विवेशाथ द्रोणो ह्यङ्गिरसां वरम्। कृतवर्मा तु हार्दिक्यः प्रविवेश मरुद्गणम् ॥१८-५-१०॥
bṛhaspatiṃ viveśātha droṇo hyaṅgirasāṃ varam। kṛtavarmā tu hārdikyaḥ praviveśa marudgaṇam॥18-5-10॥
[बृहस्पतिं (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati (the planet Jupiter, or the preceptor of the gods); विवेश (viveśa) - entered; अथ (atha) - then; द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (proper noun); हि (hi) - indeed; अङ्गिरसाम् (aṅgirasām) - of the Aṅgiras (descendants of Aṅgiras); वरम् (varam) - the best; कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (proper noun); तु (tu) - but; हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - the son of Hārdika; प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered into; मरुद्गणम् (marudgaṇam) - the group of Maruts (divine storm deities);]
(Bṛhaspati entered; then Droṇa indeed, the best of the Aṅgiras; Kṛtavarmā but, the son of Hārdika, entered the group of Maruts.)
Bṛhaspati entered; then Droṇa, indeed the best among the Aṅgiras, and Kṛtavarmā, son of Hārdika, entered the group of Maruts. (18-5-10)
सनत्कुमारं प्रद्युम्नः प्रविवेश यथागतम्। धृतराष्ट्रो धनेशस्य लोकान्प्राप दुरासदान् ॥१८-५-११॥
sanatkumāraṃ pradyumnaḥ praviveśa yathāgatam। dhṛtarāṣṭro dhaneśasya lokān prāpa durāsadān॥18-5-11॥
[सनत्कुमारम् (sanatkumāram) - Sanatkumara (the ancient sage); प्रद्युम्नः (pradyumnaḥ) - Pradyumna (proper noun); प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered; यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as (he had) come; or in the manner of his arrival; धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun); धनेशस्य (dhaneśasya) - of Dhaneśa (the lord of wealth, Kubera); लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; प्राप (prāpa) - attained; दुरासदान् (durāsadān) - difficult to approach;]
(Pradyumna entered Sanatkumara as (he had) come. Dhritarashtra attained the worlds of Dhaneśa, difficult to approach.)
Pradyumna entered where Sanatkumara was, just as he had come. Dhritarashtra attained the worlds of Kubera, which are difficult to access. (18-5-11)
धृतराष्ट्रेण सहिता गान्धारी च यशस्विनी। पत्नीभ्यां सहितः पाण्डुर्महेन्द्रसदनं ययौ ॥१८-५-१२॥
dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa sahitā gāndhārī ca yaśasvinī। patnībhyāṁ sahitaḥ pāṇḍur mahendra-sadanaṁ yayau॥18-5-12॥
[धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - with Dhṛtarāṣṭra; सहिता (sahitā) - accompanied; गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī; च (ca) - and; यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - illustrious; पत्नीभ्यां (patnībhyām) - with (his) two wives; सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied; पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pāṇḍu; महेन्द्रसदनं (mahendra-sadanaṁ) - the mansion of Indra; ययौ (yayau) - went;]
(With Dhṛtarāṣṭra, accompanied, Gāndhārī and illustrious, with (his) two wives, accompanied, Pāṇḍu, the mansion of Indra, went.)
Pāṇḍu, accompanied by his two illustrious wives—Gāndhārī and Dhṛtarāṣṭra—went to the mansion of Indra. (18-5-12)
विराटद्रुपदौ चोभौ धृष्टकेतुश्च पार्थिवः। निशठाक्रूरसाम्बाश्च भानुः कम्पो विडूरथः ॥१८-५-१३॥
virāṭadrupadau cobhau dhṛṣṭaketuś ca pārthivaḥ। nishaṭhākrūrasāmbāś ca bhānuḥ kampo viḍūrathaḥ ॥18-5-13॥
[विराटद्रुपदौ (virāṭadrupadau) - Virāṭa and Drupada; च (ca) - and; उभौ (ubhau) - both; धृष्टकेतुः (dhṛṣṭaketuḥ) - Dhṛṣṭaketu; च (ca) - and; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king; निशठाक्रूरसाम्बाः (nishaṭhākrūrasāmbāḥ) - Nishaṭha, Ākrūra, Sāmbā; च (ca) - and; भानुः (bhānuḥ) - Bhānu; कम्पः (kampaḥ) - Kampa; विडूरथः (viḍūrathaḥ) - Viḍūratha;]
(Virāṭa and Drupada, both; and Dhṛṣṭaketu, the king; Nishaṭha, Ākrūra, Sāmbā; and Bhānu, Kampa, Viḍūratha.)
Virāṭa and Drupada, both kings, Dhṛṣṭaketu, as well as Nishaṭha, Ākrūra, Sāmbā, Bhānu, Kampa, and Viḍūratha. (18-5-13)
भूरिश्रवाः शलश्चैव भूरिश्च पृथिवीपतिः। उग्रसेनस्तथा कंसो वसुदेवश्च वीर्यवान् ॥१८-५-१४॥
bhūriśravāḥ śalaś caiva bhūriś ca pṛthivīpatiḥ| ugrasenās tathā kaṃso vasudevaś ca vīryavān||18-5-14||
[भूरिश्रवाः (bhūriśravāḥ) - Bhūriśravāḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); शलः (śalaḥ) - Śalaḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भूरिः (bhūriḥ) - Bhūriḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); च (ca) - and; पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - king of the earth; उग्रसेनः (ugrasenaḥ) - Ugrasenaḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); तथा (tathā) - so; thus; कंसः (kaṃsaḥ) - Kaṃsaḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); वसुदेवः (vasudevaḥ) - Vasudevaḥ; (proper noun, name of a person); च (ca) - and; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - possessing strength; powerful;]
(Bhūriśravāḥ, Śalaḥ indeed and Bhūriḥ and the king of the earth; Ugrasena thus, Kaṃsa, and Vasudeva (the) powerful.)
Bhūriśravāḥ, Śala, Bhūri, the king of the earth, Ugrasena, Kaṃsa, and Vasudeva, who is powerful, (are mentioned here). (18-5-14)
उत्तरश्च सह भ्रात्रा शङ्खेन नरपुङ्गवः। विश्वेषां देवतानां ते विविशुर्नरसत्तमाः ॥१८-५-१५॥
uttaraś ca saha bhrātrā śaṅkhena narapuṅgavaḥ। viśveṣāṃ devatānāṃ te viviśur narasattamāḥ॥18-5-15॥
[उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - the northern (one); च (ca) - and; सह (saha) - together with; भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - with (his) brother; शङ्खेन (śaṅkhena) - with Śaṅkha; नरपुङ्गवः (narapuṅgavaḥ) - the foremost of men; विश्वेषां (viśveṣām) - of all; देवतानां (devatānāṃ) - of the deities; ते (te) - they; विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - entered; नरसत्तमाः (narasattamāḥ) - best of men;]
(The northern (one) and, together with (his) brother Śaṅkha, the foremost of men; of all deities, they entered, the best of men.)
The northern prince, along with his brother Śaṅkha, the foremost of men, these best of men entered among all the deities. (18-5-15)
वर्चा नाम महातेजाः सोमपुत्रः प्रतापवान्। सोऽभिमन्युर्नृसिंहस्य फल्गुनस्य सुतोऽभवत् ॥१८-५-१६॥
varcā nāma mahātejāḥ somaputraḥ pratāpavān। so'bhimanyur nṛsiṃhasya phalgunasya suto'bhavat ॥18-5-16॥
[वर्चा (varcā) - Varcā; (proper name); नाम (nāma) - by name; (named); महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - of great splendor; energetic; सोमपुत्रः (somaputraḥ) - son of Soma; (Chandra, Moon); प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty; possessing power; सः (saḥ) - he; अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu; (proper name); नृसिंहस्य (nṛsiṃhasya) - of Nṛsiṃha; (proper name); फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Phalguna; (Arjuna); सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]
(Varcā by name, of great splendor, son of Soma, mighty. He, Abhimanyu, of Nṛsiṃha, of Phalguna, son, became. (18-5-16))
There was one named Varcā, of great splendor, the mighty son of Soma. He became Abhimanyu, the son of Nṛsiṃha and Phalguna. (18-5-16)
स युद्ध्वा क्षत्रधर्मेण यथा नान्यः पुमान्क्वचित्। विवेश सोमं धर्मात्मा कर्मणोऽन्ते महारथः ॥१८-५-१७॥
sa yuddhvā kṣatradharmeṇa yathā nānyaḥ pumān kvacit। viveśa somaṃ dharmātmā karmaṇo’nte mahārathaḥ ॥18-5-17॥
[स (sa) - he; युद्ध्वा (yuddhvā) - having fought; क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - with the duty of a warrior; यथा (yathā) - as; just as; न (na) - not; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; पुमान् (pumān) - man; person; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; ever; विवेश (viveśa) - entered; सोमं (somaṃ) - Soma (the nectar); धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose nature is righteousness; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; अन्ते (ante) - at the end; महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great chariot-warrior;]
(He, having fought in the warrior’s duty, as not any other man ever, entered Soma, righteous in nature, at the end of action, the great chariot-warrior.)
He, having fought according to the warrior's duty as no other man ever did, the great chariot-warrior of righteous nature entered Soma at the end of his deeds. (18-5-17)
आविवेश रविं कर्णः पितरं पुरुषर्षभ। द्वापरं शकुनिः प्राप धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु पावकम् ॥१८-५-१८॥
āviveśa raviṃ karṇaḥ pitaraṃ puruṣarṣabha। dvāparaṃ śakuniḥ prāpa dhṛṣṭadyumnas tu pāvakam ॥18-5-18॥
[आविवेश (āviveśa) - entered; रविं (raviṃ) - the Sun; कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa; पितरं (pitaraṃ) - the father (ancestors); पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men; द्वापरं (dvāparaṃ) - Dvāpāra (name/phase); शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; प्राप (prāpa) - attained; धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna; तु (tu) - but; पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire (Agni);]
(Karṇa entered the Sun, O bull among men; Śakuni attained Dvāpara; but Dhṛṣṭadyumna (attained) fire.)
Karṇa entered the Sun, O best of men. Śakuni attained Dvāpara, but Dhṛṣṭadyumna entered fire. (18-5-18)
धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाः सर्वे यातुधाना बलोत्कटाः। ऋद्धिमन्तो महात्मानः शस्त्रपूता दिवं गताः ॥ धर्ममेवाविशत्क्षत्ता राजा चैव युधिष्ठिरः ॥१८-५-१९॥
dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāḥ sarve yātudhānā balotkaṭāḥ। ṛddhimanto mahātmānaḥ śastrapūtā divaṃ gatāḥ॥ dharmamevāviśatkṣattā rājā caiva yudhiṣṭhiraḥ॥18-5-19॥
[धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाः (dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāḥ) - sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; सर्वे (sarve) - all; यातुधाना (yātudhānā) - fiends; बलोत्कटाः (balotkaṭāḥ) - exceedingly strong; ऋद्धिमन्तः (ṛddhimantaḥ) - prosperous; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled; शस्त्रपूता (śastrapūtā) - purified by weapons; दिवं (divaṃ) - to heaven; गताः (gatāḥ) - have gone; धर्मम् (dharmam) - Dharma; एव (eva) - only; अविशत् (aviśat) - entered; क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - the charioteer (Vidura); राजा (rājā) - the king; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(The sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, all fiends, exceedingly strong, prosperous, great-souled, purified by weapons, have gone to heaven. Dharma only entered (was entered by) the charioteer and the king Yudhiṣṭhira indeed.)
All the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, though exceedingly strong and prosperous like fiends, purified by weapons, have gone to heaven. Only Dharma was embraced by the charioteer (Vidura) and the king Yudhiṣṭhira. (18-5-19)
अनन्तो भगवान्देवः प्रविवेश रसातलम्। पितामहनियोगाद्धि यो योगाद्गामधारयत् ॥१८-५-२०॥
ananto bhagavān devaḥ praviveśa rasātalam। pitāmahaniyogād dhi yaḥ yogād gām adhārayat ॥18-5-20॥
[अनन्तः (anantaḥ) - limitless one; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; देवः (devaḥ) - god; प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered; रसातलम् (rasātalam) - the nether region; पितामह-नियोगात् (pitāmaha-niyogāt) - by the command of the grandsire; हि (hi) - indeed; यः (yaḥ) - who; योगात् (yogāt) - by effort; गाम् (gām) - the earth; अधारयत् (adhārayat) - supported;]
(Ananta, the blessed Lord god, entered the nether region. By the command of the grandsire indeed, who by effort supported the earth.)
Ananta, the blessed Lord, god, entered the nether region; by the command of the grandsire, he indeed, by his power, supported the earth. (18-5-20)
षोडशस्त्रीसहस्राणि वासुदेवपरिग्रहः। न्यमज्जन्त सरस्वत्यां कालेन जनमेजय ॥ ताश्चाप्यप्सरसो भूत्वा वासुदेवमुपागमन् ॥१८-५-२१॥
ṣoḍaśastrīsahasrāṇi vāsudevapari-grahaḥ। nyamajjanta sarasvatyāṃ kālena janamejaya ॥ tāś cāpy apsaraso bhūtvā vāsudevam upāgaman ॥18-5-21॥
[षोडशस्त्रीसहस्राणि (ṣoḍaśa-strī-sahasrāṇi) - sixteen-thousand women; वासुदेवपरिग्रहः (vāsudeva-parigrahaḥ) - Vāsudeva’s wives; न्यमज्जन्त (nyamajjanta) - sank; सरस्वत्याम् (sarasvatyām) - in (the river) Sarasvatī; कालेन (kālena) - in the course of time; जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya; ताः (tāḥ) - they; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अप्सरसो (apsarasaḥ) - apsarases; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva; उपागमन् (upāgaman) - they approached;]
(Sixteen thousand women, Vāsudeva’s wives, sank in the Sarasvatī in the course of time, O Janamejaya. They also, having become apsarases, approached Vāsudeva.)
O Janamejaya, in the course of time, the sixteen thousand wives of Vāsudeva sank into the Sarasvatī river. They then became apsarases and approached Vāsudeva. (18-5-21)
हतास्तस्मिन्महायुद्धे ये वीरास्तु महारथाः। घटोत्कचादयः सर्वे देवान्यक्षांश्च भेजिरे ॥१८-५-२२॥
hatāstasminmahāyuddhe ye vīrāstu mahārathāḥ। ghaṭotkacādayaḥ sarve devānyakṣāṃśca bhejire ॥18-5-22॥
[हताः (hatāḥ) - slain; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; महायुद्धे (mahāyuddhe) - great battle; ये (ye) - who; वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes; तु (tu) - but; महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors; घटोत्कचादयः (ghaṭotkacādayaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca and others; सर्वे (sarve) - all; देवान् (devān) - the gods; यक्षान् (yakṣān) - yakṣas; च (ca) - and; भेजिरे (bhejire) - they attained;]
(Slain in that great battle who heroes but great chariot-warriors, Ghaṭotkaca and others, all the gods, yakṣas and they attained.)
All those heroes who were great chariot-warriors, including Ghaṭotkaca and others, who were slain in that great battle, all attained to the ranks of the gods and yakṣas. (18-5-22)
दुर्योधनसहायाश्च राक्षसाः परिकीर्तिताः। प्राप्तास्ते क्रमशो राजन्सर्वलोकाननुत्तमान् ॥१८-५-२३॥
duryodhanasahāyāś ca rākṣasāḥ parikīrtitāḥ। prāptās te kramaśo rājan sarvalokān anuttamān॥18-5-23॥
[दुर्योधनसहायाः (duryodhanasahāyāḥ) - companions of Duryodhana; च (ca) - and; राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rākṣasas; परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - declared; प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - have attained; ते (te) - they; क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - in order; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सर्वलोकान् (sarvalokān) - all worlds; अनुत्तमान् (anuttamān) - unsurpassed;]
(companions of Duryodhana and rākṣasas declared have attained they in order O king all worlds unsurpassed)
O king, the rākṣasas who were companions of Duryodhana—these, it is declared, have attained, one after another, all the unsurpassed worlds. (18-5-23)
भवनं च महेन्द्रस्य कुबेरस्य च धीमतः। वरुणस्य तथा लोकान्विविशुः पुरुषर्षभाः ॥१८-५-२४॥
bhavanaṃ ca mahendrasya kuberasya ca dhīmataḥ | varuṇasya tathā lokān viviśuḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ॥18-5-24॥
[भवनम् (bhavanam) - abode; च (ca) - and; महेन्द्रस्य (mahendrasya) - of Mahendra; कुबेरस्य (kuberasya) - of Kubera; च (ca) - and; धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise; वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuṇa; तथा (tathā) - also; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered; पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - the foremost among men;]
(Abode and of Mahendra, of Kubera and of the wise one, of Varuṇa also, worlds, they entered, the foremost among men.)
The foremost among men entered the abodes of Mahendra, the wise Kubera and Varuṇa, as well as their worlds. (18-5-24)
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं विस्तरेण महाद्युते। कुरूणां चरितं कृत्स्नं पाण्डवानां च भारत ॥१८-५-२५॥
etatte sarvamākyātaṃ vistareṇa mahādyute। kurūṇāṃ caritaṃ kṛtsnaṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ ca bhārata ॥18-5-25॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - declared; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O greatly radiant one; कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus; चरितम् (caritam) - the deeds; कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - in entirety; पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(This to you all has been declared in detail, O greatly radiant one; of the Kurus the deeds in entirety, of the Pāṇḍavas and, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, all this — the entire account of the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas — has been declared to you in detail, O greatly radiant one. (18-5-25)
सूत उवाच॥
sūta uvāca॥
[सूत (sūta) - Sūta (the bard); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sūta said;)
Sūta said;
एतच्छ्रुत्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठात्स राजा जनमेजयः। विस्मितोऽभवदत्यर्थं यज्ञकर्मान्तरेष्वथ ॥१८-५-२६॥
etat-śrutvā dvija-śreṣṭhāt sa rājā janamejayaḥ। vismito'bhavad atyarthaṃ yajña-karmāntareṣu atha ॥18-5-26॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; द्विजश्रेष्ठात् (dvija-śreṣṭhāt) - from the best of the twice-born (Brāhmaṇa); सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya; विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - very much; यज्ञकर्मान्तरेषु (yajña-karmāntareṣu) - during the sacrificial rites; अथ (atha) - then;]
(This having heard from the best of the twice-born, he, King Janamejaya, became astonished very much during the sacrificial rites then.)
Having heard this from the best of the Brāhmaṇas, King Janamejaya became extremely astonished during the performance of the sacrificial rites at that time. (18-5-26)
ततः समापयामासुः कर्म तत्तस्य याजकाः। आस्तीकश्चाभवत्प्रीतः परिमोक्ष्य भुजङ्गमान् ॥१८-५-२७॥
tataḥ samāpayāmāsuḥ karma tat tasya yājakāḥ। āstīkaś ca abhavat prītaḥ parimokṣya bhujaṅgamān ॥18-5-27॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; समापयामासुः (samāpayāmāsuḥ) - they completed; कर्म (karma) - ritual; तत् (tat) - that; तस्य (tasya) - his; याजकाः (yājakāḥ) - priests; आस्तीकः (āstīkaḥ) - Āstīka; च (ca) - and; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased; परिमोक्ष्य (parimokṣya) - to release; भुजङ्गमान् (bhujaṅgamān) - serpents;]
(Then the priests completed that ritual of his. Āstīka also became pleased, to release the serpents.)
Then the priests completed his ritual. Āstīka was also pleased, intending to release the serpents. (18-5-27)
ततो द्विजातीन्सर्वांस्तान्दक्षिणाभिरतोषयत्। पूजिताश्चापि ते राज्ञा ततो जग्मुर्यथागतम् ॥१८-५-२८॥
tato dvijātīnsarvāṃstāndakṣiṇābhiratoṣayat. pūjitāścāpi te rājñā tato jagmuryathāgatam ॥18-5-28॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - the twice-born; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; तान् (tān) - those; दक्षिणाभिः (dakṣiṇābhiḥ) - with gifts; अरतोषयत् (aratoṣayat) - he satisfied; पूजिताः (pūjitāḥ) - being honored; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; ते (te) - they; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they departed; यथा (yathā) - as; आगतम् (āgatam) - they had come;]
(Then the king satisfied all those twice-born with gifts. And being honored by the king, they also then departed as they had come.)
Thereafter, the king satisfied all the twice-born with gifts. Having been honored by the king, they then departed just as they had arrived. (18-5-28)
विसर्जयित्वा विप्रांस्तान्राजापि जनमेजयः। ततस्तक्षशिलायाः स पुनरायाद्गजाह्वयम् ॥१८-५-२९॥
visarjayitvā viprāṁs tān rājā api janamejayaḥ। tataḥ takṣaśilāyāḥ sa punar āyād gajāhvayam ॥18-5-29॥
[विसर्जयित्वा (visarjayitvā) - having dismissed; विप्रान् (viprān) - brāhmaṇas; तान् (tān) - those; राजा (rājā) - the king; अपि (api) - also; जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तक्षशिलायाः (takṣaśilāyāḥ) - from Takṣaśilā; सः (sa) - he; पुनः (punar) - again; आयात् (āyāt) - came; गजाह्वयम् (gajāhvayam) - to Gajāhvaya;]
(Having dismissed those brāhmaṇas, the king Janamejaya also then, from Takṣaśilā, he again came to Gajāhvaya.)
Having dismissed those brāhmaṇas, King Janamejaya then returned from Takṣaśilā to Gajāhvaya. (18-5-29)
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं वैशम्पायनकीर्तितम्। व्यासाज्ञया समाख्यातं सर्पसत्रे नृपस्य ह ॥१८-५-३०॥
etatte sarvam ākhyātaṃ vaiśampāyana-kīrtitam। vyāsa-ājñayā samākhyātaṃ sarpa-satre nṛpasya ha ॥18-5-30॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been declared; वैशम्पायनकीर्तितम् (vaiśampāyana-kīrtitam) - as narrated by Vaiśampāyana; व्यासाज्ञया (vyāsa-ājñayā) - by the command of Vyāsa; समाख्यातम् (samākhyātam) - completely declared; सर्पसत्रे (sarpa-satre) - in the snake-sacrifice; नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king; ह (ha) - indeed;]
(This to you all has been declared as narrated by Vaiśampāyana. By the command of Vyāsa, it has been completely declared in the snake-sacrifice of the king, indeed.)
All this has been related to you as narrated by Vaiśampāyana. By Vyāsa’s command, it was fully narrated at the king’s snake-sacrifice. (18-5-30)
पुण्योऽयमितिहासाख्यः पवित्रं चेदमुत्तमम्। कृष्णेन मुनिना विप्र नियतं सत्यवादिना ॥१८-५-३१॥
puṇyo' yam itihāsākhyah pavitraṃ cedam uttamam। kṛṣṇena muninā vipra niyataṃ satyavādinā ॥18-5-31॥
[पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - auspicious; virtuous; अयम् (ayam) - this; इतिहासाख्यः (itihāsākhyah) - termed as 'Itihāsa'; पवित्रम् (pavitram) - purifying; च (ca) - and; इदम् (idam) - this; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent; कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa; मुनिना (muninā) - by the sage; विप्र (vipra) - O brāhmaṇa; नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly; सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truth-speaker;]
(Auspicious this termed as 'Itihāsa', purifying and this excellent, by Kṛṣṇa, by the sage, O brāhmaṇa, certainly by the truth-speaker.)
O brāhmaṇa, this auspicious story, which is called 'Itihāsa', is supremely purifying and excellent, certainly composed by Kṛṣṇa, the sage, the speaker of truth. (18-5-31)
सर्वज्ञेन विधिज्ञेन धर्मज्ञानवता सता। अतीन्द्रियेण शुचिना तपसा भावितात्मना ॥१८-५-३२॥
sarvajñena vidhijñena dharmajñānavatā satā। atīndriyeṇa śucinā tapasā bhāvitātmanā ॥18-5-32॥
[सर्वज्ञेन (sarvajñena) - by the all-knowing one; विधिज्ञेन (vidhijñena) - by the knower of procedure; धर्मज्ञानवता (dharmajñānavatā) - endowed with knowledge of dharma; सता (satā) - by the virtuous one; अतीन्द्रियेण (atīndriyeṇa) - by the one beyond the senses; शुचिना (śucinā) - by the pure one; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; भावितात्मना (bhāvitātmanā) - by one with a purified mind;]
(By the all-knowing one, by the knower of procedure, endowed with knowledge of dharma, by the virtuous one, by the one beyond the senses, by the pure one, by austerity, by one with a purified mind.)
By the all-knowing, the knower of procedure, endowed with knowledge of dharma, by the virtuous, by one beyond the senses, by the pure, through austerity, by one with a purified mind. (18-5-32)
ऐश्वर्ये वर्तता चैव साङ्ख्ययोगविदा तथा। नैकतन्त्रविबुद्धेन दृष्ट्वा दिव्येन चक्षुषा ॥१८-५-३३॥
aiśvarye vartatā caiva sāṅkhyayogavidā tathā। naikatantravibuddhena dṛṣṭvā divyena cakṣuṣā॥18-5-33॥
[ऐश्वर्ये (aiśvarye) - in sovereignty; वर्तता (vartatā) - abiding; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; साङ्ख्ययोगविदा (sāṅkhyayogavidā) - by the knower of Sāṅkhya and Yoga; तथा (tathā) - so; न (na) - not; एकतन्त्र (ekatantra) - one single system; विबुद्धेन (vibuddhena) - by the awakened; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; दिव्येन (divyena) - with divine; चक्षुषा (cakṣuṣā) - with eye;]
(In sovereignty abiding and indeed so by the knower of Sāṅkhya and Yoga; not by the awakened (one who is awakened) in the single system, having seen with divine eye.)
Dwelling in sovereignty, and indeed thus by one who knows Sāṅkhya and Yoga—not by one awakened only in a single doctrine, having seen with the divine eye. (18-5-33)
कीर्तिं प्रथयता लोके पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम्। अन्येषां क्षत्रियाणां च भूरिद्रविणतेजसाम् ॥१८-५-३४॥
kīrtiṁ prathayatā loke pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām। anyeṣāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ ca bhūridraviṇatejasām ॥18-5-34॥
[कीर्तिं (kīrtiṁ) - fame; प्रथयता (prathayatā) - by one making widespread; लोके (loke) - in the world; पाण्डवानां (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled; अन्येषां (anyeṣām) - of others; क्षत्रियाणां (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas; च (ca) - and; भूरिद्रविणतेजसाम् (bhūridraviṇatejasām) - of those possessing much wealth and energy;]
(Fame by one making widespread in the world of the Pāṇḍavas, of the great-souled, and of others, of kṣatriyas and of those possessing much wealth and energy.)
Spreading the fame in the world of the great-souled Pāṇḍavas and also of other kṣatriyas endowed with abundant wealth and energy. (18-5-34)
य इदं श्रावयेद्विद्वान्सदा पर्वणि पर्वणि। धूतपाप्मा जितस्वर्गो ब्रह्मभूयाय गच्छति ॥१८-५-३५॥
ya idaṃ śrāvayed vidvān sadā parvaṇi parvaṇi। dhūtapāpmā jitasvargo brahmabhūyāya gacchati॥18-5-35॥
[य (ya) - who; इदं (idaṃ) - this; श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - should cause to be heard; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the learned one; सदा (sadā) - always; पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - on festival day; पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - on festival day; धूतपाप्मा (dhūtapāpmā) - one whose sin is removed; जितस्वर्गः (jitasvargaḥ) - one who has conquered heaven; ब्रह्मभूयाय (brahmabhūyāya) - for attaining Brahman-nature; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes;]
(Who this should cause to be heard, learned one, always, on festival day, on festival day; one whose sin is removed, one who has conquered heaven, for attaining Brahman-nature, goes.)
Whoever, being learned, always causes this to be heard on every festival day, becomes one whose sins are removed, who has conquered heaven, and goes to attain the state of Brahman. (18-5-35)
यश्चेदं श्रावयेच्छ्राद्धे ब्राह्मणान्पादमन्ततः। अक्षय्यमन्नपानं वै पितॄंस्तस्योपतिष्ठते ॥१८-५-३६॥
yaścedaṃ śrāvayecchrāddhe brāhmaṇānpādamantataḥ। akṣayyamannapānaṃ vai pitṝṃstasyopatiṣṭhate ॥18-5-36॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; इदं (idaṃ) - this; श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - would cause to be heard; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - at the śrāddha ceremony; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - to the Brāhmaṇas; पादम् (pādam) - a quarter (portion); अन्ततः (antataḥ) - at least; अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - inexhaustible; अन्नपानम् (annapānam) - food and drink; वै (vai) - indeed; पितॄन् (pitṝn) - (to) the ancestors; तस्य (tasya) - to him; उपतिष्ठते (upatiṣṭhate) - accrues;]
(Who and this would cause to be heard at the śrāddha ceremony to Brāhmaṇas a quarter (portion) at least, inexhaustible food and drink indeed (to) the ancestors to him accrues.)
Whoever causes this to be heard at the śrāddha ceremony to Brāhmaṇas—even a quarter portion—, to him inexhaustible food and drink indeed accrue to his ancestors. (18-5-36)
अह्ना यदेनः कुरुते इन्द्रियैर्मनसापि वा। महाभारतमाख्याय पश्चात्सन्ध्यां प्रमुच्यते ॥१८-५-३७॥
ahnā yadenah kurute indriyairmaṇasāpi vā। mahābhāratamākhyāya paścātsandhyāṁ pramucyate ॥18-5-37॥
[अह्ना (ahnā) - by day; यत् (yat) - which; एनः (enah) - sin; कुरुते (kurute) - does; इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses; मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; अपि (api) - even; वा (vā) - or; महाभारतम् (mahābhāratam) - Mahābhārata; आख्याय (ākhyāya) - having recited; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the twilight (evening worship); प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released;]
(By day, which sin is done by the senses or even by the mind, having recited the Mahābhārata after the twilight (evening worship), one is released.)
Whatever sin is committed during the day by the senses or even by the mind, after reciting the Mahābhārata following the evening twilight, one becomes freed from it. (18-5-37)
धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च मोक्षे च भरतर्षभ। यदिहास्ति तदन्यत्र यन्नेहास्ति न तत्क्वचित् ॥१८-५-३८॥
dharme cārthe ca kāme ca mokṣe ca bharatarṣabha। yadi ihāsti tadanyatra yan nehāsti na tat kvacit ॥18-5-38॥
[धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; च (ca) - and; अर्थे (arthe) - in artha; च (ca) - and; कामे (kāme) - in kāma; च (ca) - and; मोक्षे (mokṣe) - in mokṣa; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bhāratas; यदिहास्ति (yad ihāsti) - that which is here; तदन्यत्र (tad anyatra) - that (is) elsewhere; यन्नेहास्ति (yan ne hāsti) - that which is not here; न तत्क्वचित् (na tat kvacit) - not that (is) anywhere;]
(In dharma, and in artha, and in kāma, and in mokṣa, O bull among the Bhāratas; that which is here, that (is) elsewhere; that which is not here, not that (is) anywhere.)
O best of the Bhāratas, in regard to dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa: whatever is here can be found elsewhere, but whatever is not here is found nowhere. (18-5-38)
जयो नामेतिहासोऽयं श्रोतव्यो भूतिमिच्छता। राज्ञा राजसुतैश्चापि गर्भिण्या चैव योषिता ॥१८-५-३९॥
jayo nāmeti hāso'yaṃ śrotavyo bhūtim icchatā। rājñā rājasutaiś cāpi garbhiṇyā caiva yoṣitā ॥18-5-39॥
[जयः (jayaḥ) - victory; नाम (nāma) - by name; इतिहासः (itihāsaḥ) - history; अयम् (ayam) - this; श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - ought to be heard; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king; राजसुतैः (rājasutaiḥ) - by the king’s sons; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; गर्भिण्या (garbhiṇyā) - by a pregnant woman; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; योषिता (yoṣitā) - by a woman;]
(This history called 'Victory' ought to be heard by one desiring prosperity, by a king, by the king’s sons also, indeed by a pregnant woman and by a woman.)
The story called 'Victory' should be heard by anyone who seeks prosperity—by the king, the king’s sons, as well as by both pregnant women and women in general. (18-5-39)
स्वर्गकामो लभेत्स्वर्गं जयकामो लभेज्जयम्। गर्भिणी लभते पुत्रं कन्यां वा बहुभागिनीम् ॥१८-५-४०॥
svargakāmo labhetsvargaṃ jayakāmo labhejjayam। garbhiṇī labhate putraṃ kanyāṃ vā bahubhāginīm ॥18-5-40॥
[स्वर्गकामः (svargakāmaḥ) - desiring heaven; लभेत् (labhet) - may obtain; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; जयकामः (jayakāmaḥ) - desiring victory; लभेत् (labhet) - may obtain; जयम् (jayam) - victory; गर्भिणी (garbhiṇī) - pregnant (woman); लभते (labhate) - obtains; पुत्रम् (putram) - son; कन्याम् (kanyām) - daughter; वा (vā) - or; बहुभागिनीम् (bahubhāginīm) - one with many shares (i.e., prosperous, fortunate);]
(Desiring heaven may obtain heaven, desiring victory may obtain victory. Pregnant (woman) obtains a son or an especially fortunate daughter.)
He who desires heaven may obtain heaven, he who desires victory may obtain victory. A pregnant woman obtains a son or a very fortunate daughter. (18-5-40)
अनागतं त्रिभिर्वर्षैः कृष्णद्वैपायनः प्रभुः। संदर्भं भारतस्यास्य कृतवान्धर्मकाम्यया ॥१८-५-४१॥
anāgataṃ tribhir varṣaiḥ kṛṣṇadvāipāyanaḥ prabhuḥ। sandarbhaṃ bhāratasya asya kṛtavān dharmakāmyayā॥18-5-41॥
[अनागतं (anāgatam) - not yet come; forthcoming; arrived (in the future); त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; with three; through the three; वर्षैः (varṣaiḥ) - years (instrumental plural); कृष्णद्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇadvāipāyanaḥ) - Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana (proper noun); प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the master; the lord; संदर्भं (sandarbham) - arrangement; compilation; context; भारतस्य (bhāratasya) - of the Bhārata (Epic); of Mahābhārata; of Bhārata; अस्य (asya) - of this; this; कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - has done; has made; accomplished (masculine singular, perfective); धर्मकाम्यया (dharmakāmyayā) - with the desire for dharma; by the desire for righteousness;]
(That which was not yet come in three years, Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana, the master, made the compilation of this Bhārata with desire for dharma.)
Within three years, the master Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana compiled this Bhārata out of a desire for righteousness. (18-5-41)
नारदोऽश्रावयद्देवानसितो देवलः पितॄन्। रक्षो यक्षाञ्शुको मर्त्यान्वैशम्पायन एव तु ॥१८-५-४२॥
nārado'śrāvayaddevānasito devalaḥ pitṝn| rakṣo yakṣāñśuko martyānvaiśampāyana eva tu ||18-5-42||
[नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada; (sage's name); अश्रावयत् (aśrāvayat) - caused to be heard; announced; देवान् (devān) - gods; (accusative plural); सितः (sitaḥ) - Sita; (proper name; here: another sage, not 'white'); देवलः (devalaḥ) - Devala; (proper name; another sage); पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors; (pitṛs, accusative plural); रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - Rakṣa; (proper name; could also refer to 'a Rākṣasa', but here: a sage); यक्षान् (yakṣān) - Yakṣas; (supernatural beings; accusative plural); शुकः (śukaḥ) - Śuka; (sage's name); मर्त्यान् (martyān) - mortals; humans; (accusative plural); वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana; (sage's name); एव (eva) - indeed; just; तु (tu) - but; however;]
(Nārada caused the gods to hear; Sita and Devala (caused to hear) the ancestors; Rakṣa (caused to hear) the Yakṣas; Śuka (caused to hear) mortals; Vaiśampāyana indeed (did so) but (also).)
Nārada announced (the story) to the gods, Sita and Devala to the ancestors, Rakṣa to the Yakṣas, Śuka to mortals, and Vaiśampāyana also (did so), but (to mortals especially). (18-5-42)
इतिहासमिमं पुण्यं महार्थं वेदसंमितम्। श्रावयेद्यस्तु वर्णांस्त्रीन्कृत्वा ब्राह्मणमग्रतः ॥१८-५-४३॥
itihāsam imaṁ puṇyaṁ mahārthaṁ vedasaṁmitam। śrāvayed yas tu varṇāṁs trīn kṛtvā brāhmaṇam agrataḥ॥18-5-43॥
[इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; इमम् (imam) - this; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - auspicious; महार्थम् (mahārtham) - of great meaning; वेदसंमितम् (vedasaṁmitam) - equal to the Veda; श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - should cause to be heard; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; वर्णान् (varṇān) - castes/classes; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front;]
(This history, auspicious, of great meaning, equal to the Veda, whoever, but, should cause to be heard, the three classes having made, the brāhmaṇa in front.)
Whoever causes this history—which is auspicious, of great meaning, and equal to the Veda—to be heard by the three castes, with a brāhmaṇa seated in front, (18-5-43)
स नरः पापनिर्मुक्तः कीर्तिं प्राप्येह शौनक। गच्छेत्परमिकां सिद्धिमत्र मे नास्ति संशयः ॥१८-५-४४॥
sa naraḥ pāpa-nirmuktaḥ kīrtiṃ prāpya iha śaunaka। gacchet paramikāṃ siddhim atra me nāsti saṃśayaḥ ॥18-5-44॥
[स (sa) - he; नरः (naraḥ) - man; पापनिर्मुक्तः (pāpa-nirmuktaḥ) - freed from sin; कीर्तिं (kīrtiṃ) - fame; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; इह (iha) - here; शौनक (śaunaka) - Śaunaka; गच्छेत् (gacchet) - might attain; परमिकां (paramikāṃ) - supreme; सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - perfection; अत्र (atra) - in this; मे (me) - for me; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(He man freed from sin, fame having obtained here, Śaunaka, might attain supreme perfection; in this for me there is not doubt.)
O Śaunaka, a man who is freed from sin and attains fame here will surely achieve the highest perfection; in this, I have no doubt. (18-5-44)
भारताध्ययनात्पुण्यादपि पादमधीयतः। श्रद्दधानस्य पूयन्ते सर्वपापान्यशेषतः ॥१८-५-४५॥
bhāratādhyayanātpuṇyādapi pādamadhīyataḥ। śraddadhānasya pūyante sarvapāpānyaśeṣataḥ॥18-5-45॥
[भारत-अध्ययनात् (bhārata-adhyayanāt) - from the study of the Mahābhārata; पुण्याद् अपि (puṇyād api) - even than (other) merit; पादम् (pādam) - a quarter (part); अधीयतः (adhīyataḥ) - of one who studies; श्रद्दधानस्य (śraddadhānasya) - of the faithful; पूयन्ते (pūyante) - are purified; सर्व-पापानि (sarva-pāpāni) - all sins; अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - completely;]
(From the study of the Mahābhārata, even than other merit, a quarter part of one who studies; of the faithful, all sins are purified completely.)
By studying even a quarter of the Mahābhārata, the faithful person's sins are completely purified, even more so than by other meritorious acts. (18-5-45)
महर्षिर्भगवान्व्यासः कृत्वेमां संहितां पुरा। श्लोकैश्चतुर्भिर्भगवान्पुत्रमध्यापयच्छुकम् ॥१८-५-४६॥
maharṣirbhagavānvyāsaḥ kṛtvemāṃ saṃhitāṃ purā। ślokaiścaturbhirbhagavānputramadhyāpayacchukam ॥18-5-46॥
[महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; इमां (imām) - this (feminine); संहितां (saṃhitām) - collection; पुरा (purā) - formerly; श्लोकैः (ślokaiḥ) - by verses; चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one; पुत्रम् (putram) - son; अध्यापयत् (adhyāpayat) - taught; शुकम् (śukam) - Śuka;]
(The great sage, the revered Vyāsa, having made this collection formerly, with four verses, the revered one taught his son Śuka.)
The great sage Vyāsa, in former times, having composed this collection, taught his son Śuka using four verses. (18-5-46)
मातापितृसहस्राणि पुत्रदारशतानि च। संसारेष्वनुभूतानि यान्ति यास्यन्ति चापरे ॥१८-५-४७॥
mātāpituṛsahasrāṇi putradāraśatāni ca. saṁsāreṣvanubhūtāni yānti yāsyanti cāpare ॥18-5-47॥
[माता (mātā) - mother; पितृ (pituṛ) - father; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; पुत्र (putra) - son; दार (dāra) - wife; शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds; च (ca) - and; संसारेषु (saṁsāreṣu) - in worlds of transmigration; अनुभूतानि (anubhūtāni) - having been experienced; यान्ति (yānti) - go; यास्यन्ति (yāsyanti) - will go; च (ca) - and; अपरे (apare) - others;]
(Mother, father, thousands; son, wife, hundreds; and in the worlds of transmigration, having been experienced, go, will go, and others.)
Thousands of mothers and fathers, hundreds of sons and wives, have been experienced in the worlds of transmigration; they go, and others will go too. (18-5-47)
हर्षस्थानसहस्राणि भयस्थानशतानि च। दिवसे दिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम् ॥१८-५-४८॥
harṣasthānasahasrāṇi bhayasthānaśatāni ca। divase divase mūḍham āviśanti na paṇḍitam॥18-5-48॥
[हर्षस्थानसहस्राणि (harṣasthānasahasrāṇi) - thousands of occasions for joy; भयस्थानशतानि (bhayasthānaśatāni) - hundreds of occasions for fear; च (ca) - and; दिवसे दिवसे (divase divase) - day by day; मूढम् (mūḍham) - the deluded one; आविशन्ति (āviśanti) - reach; न (na) - not; पण्डितम् (paṇḍitam) - the wise one;]
(Thousands of occasions for joy, hundreds of occasions for fear, day by day, reach the deluded one, not the wise one.)
Each day, thousands of occasions for joy and hundreds of occasions for fear come upon the fool, but not upon the wise one. (18-5-48)
ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्विरौम्येष न च कश्चिच्छृणोति मे। धर्मादर्थश्च कामश्च स किमर्थं न सेव्यते ॥१८-५-४९॥
ūrdhvabāhur virau myeṣa na ca kaścid śṛṇoti me। dharmād arthaś ca kāmaś ca sa kimarthaṃ na sevyate॥18-5-49॥
[ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhva-bāhuḥ) - with raised arm; विरौमि (virau mi) - I cry aloud; एष (eṣa) - this (I); न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - hears; मे (me) - me; धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from dharma; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - artha (gain); च (ca) - and; कामः (kāmaḥ) - kāma (desire); च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what reason; न (na) - not; सेव्यते (sevyate) - is pursued;]
(With raised arm I cry aloud, this (I), but not anyone hears me. From dharma, artha and kāma (gain and desire), he for what reason is not pursued?)
I cry aloud with arms raised, yet no one listens to me. Why is it that artha (wealth) and kāma (desire), which come from dharma, are not pursued? (18-5-49)
न जातु कामान्न भयान्न लोभा; द्धर्मं त्यजेज्जीवितस्यापि हेतोः। नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्वनित्ये; जीवो नित्यो हेतुरस्य त्वनित्यः ॥१८-५-५०॥
na jātu kāmānna bhayānna lobhā; dharmaṁ tyajedjīvitasya-api hetoḥ। nityo dharmaḥ sukhaduḥkhe tu-anitye; jīvaḥ nityaḥ hetuḥ asya tu-anityaḥ॥18-5-50॥
[न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; न (na) - not; भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear; न (na) - not; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; धर्मम् (dharmaṁ) - duty; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon; जीवितस्य (jīvitasya) - of life; अपि (api) - even; हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of; नित्यः (nityaḥ) - eternal; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasure and pain; तु (tu) - but; अनित्ये (anitye) - are impermanent; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the self; नित्यः (nityaḥ) - is eternal; हेतुः (hetuḥ) - the cause; अस्य (asya) - of this; तु (tu) - but; अनित्यः (anityaḥ) - is impermanent;]
(Not ever from desire, nor from fear, nor from greed; should one abandon duty, even for the sake of life. Duty is eternal, pleasure and pain, however, are impermanent; the self is eternal, but the cause of this is impermanent. (18-5-50))
At no time, for the sake of desire, fear, or greed, should one ever abandon duty—even for the sake of life itself. Duty endures eternally; pleasure and pain are fleeting. The soul is eternal, but the cause of its embodied existence is impermanent. (18-5-50)
इमां भारतसावित्रीं प्रातरुत्थाय यः पठेत्। स भारतफलं प्राप्य परं ब्रह्माधिगच्छति ॥१८-५-५१॥
imāṃ bhāratasāvitrīṃ prātar-utthāya yaḥ paṭhet। sa bhārata-phalaṃ prāpya paraṃ brahmādhigacchati ॥18-5-51॥
[इमां (imām) - this (feminine accusative singular); भारतसावित्रीं (bhāratasāvitrīm) - Bhārata-Sāvitrī (epithet for this sacred verse; accusative feminine singular); प्रातरुत्थाय (prātar-utthāya) - having risen in the morning; यः (yaḥ) - who; पठेत् (paṭhet) - recites (may, should read); स (sa) - he; भारतफलं (bhārata-phalam) - the fruit of the Bhārata (Mahābhārata); प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; परं (param) - the highest; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman (the Absolute); अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains;]
(This Bhārata-Sāvitrī, having risen in the morning, who recites, he the fruit of the Bhārata having obtained, the highest Brahman attains.)
Whoever, having risen in the morning, recites this Bhārata-Sāvitrī, obtains the fruit of the Mahābhārata and attains the highest Brahman. (18-5-51)
यथा समुद्रो भगवान्यथा च हिमवान्गिरिः। ख्यातावुभौ रत्ननिधी तथा भारतमुच्यते ॥१८-५-५२॥
yathā samudro bhagavānyathā ca himavāngiriḥ। khyātāvubhau ratnanidhī tathā bhāratamucyate ॥18-5-52॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; समुद्रः (samudraḥ) - ocean; भगवान् (bhagavān) - lord; यथा (yathā) - just as; च (ca) - and; हिमवान् (himavān) - Himavat; गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain; ख्यातौ (khyātau) - renowned (both); उभौ (ubhau) - both; रत्ननिधी (ratnanidhī) - treasure-houses of jewels; तथा (tathā) - so; भारतं (bhāratam) - Bhārata; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Just as the ocean, O Lord, just as also the Himavat mountain; both are renowned as treasure-houses of jewels; so Bhārata is called.)
Just as the ocean, O Lord, and the Himavat mountain are both famous as treasure-houses of jewels, so Bhārata is known. (18-5-52)
महाभारतमाख्यानं यः पठेत्सुसमाहितः। स गच्छेत्परमां सिद्धिमिति मे नास्ति संशयः ॥१८-५-५३॥
mahābhāratamākhyānaṃ yaḥ paṭhet susamāhitaḥ। sa gacchet paramāṃ siddhim iti me nāsti saṃśayaḥ॥18-5-53॥
[महाभारतम् (mahābhāratam) - the Mahābhārata; आख्यानम् (ākhyānam) - account; यः (yaḥ) - who; पठेत् (paṭhet) - may read; सुसमाहितः (susamāhitaḥ) - with well-collected mind; सः (saḥ) - he; गच्छेत् (gacchet) - may attain; परमां (paramām) - highest; सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - perfection; इति (iti) - thus; मे (me) - to me; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(The account of the Mahābhārata, who may read with well-collected mind, he may attain the highest perfection, thus to me there is not doubt.)
Whoever reads the account of the Mahābhārata with a well-collected mind surely attains the highest perfection—of this I have no doubt. (18-5-53)
द्वैपायनोष्ठपुटनिःसृतमप्रमेयं; पुण्यं पवित्रमथ पापहरं शिवं च। यो भारतं समधिगच्छति वाच्यमानं; किं तस्य पुष्करजलैरभिषेचनेन ॥१८-५-५४॥
dvaipāyanoṣṭha-puṭa-niḥsṛtam aprameyaṃ; puṇyaṃ pavitram atha pāpaharaṃ śivaṃ ca। yo bhārataṃ samadhigacchati vācyamānaṃ; kiṃ tasya puṣkarajalair abhiṣecanena ॥18-5-54॥
[द्वैपायन (dvaipāyana) - Vyāsa; उष्ठपुट (uṣṭha-puṭa) - from the mouth (lips); निःसृतम् (niḥsṛtam) - issued; emerged; अप्रमेयम् (aprameyam) - immeasurable; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - meritorious; पवित्रम् (pavitram) - purifying; अथ (atha) - and; further; पापहरम् (pāpaharam) - remover of sin; शिवम् (śivam) - auspicious; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; भारतं (bhāratam) - the Mahābhārata; समधिगच्छति (samadhigacchati) - fully attains; acquires; वाच्यमानम् (vācyamānam) - being recited; किम् (kim) - what (use); तस्य (tasya) - for him; पुष्करजलैः (puṣkara-jalaiḥ) - with waters of Puṣkara (holy lake); अभिषेचनेन (abhiṣecanena) - with anointment; by ceremonial bathing;]
(Immeasurable (is that which is) issued from the mouth of Vyāsa; meritorious, purifying, and further a remover of sin, auspicious as well. Who attains the Mahābhārata being recited; what (use is there) for him with anointment with the waters of Puṣkara.)
That which has emerged from the mouth of Vyāsa is immeasurable, meritorious, purifying, a remover of sin, and auspicious. Whoever hears and grasps the Mahābhārata as it is being recited—what further need does he have for ceremonial bathing with the sacred waters of Puṣkara? (18-5-54)
