Vaisesika Sūtra 1.1.4

धर्मविशेषप्रसूताद् द्रव्यगुणकर्मसामान्यविशेषसमवायानां पदार्थानां साधर्म्य वैधर्म्याभ्यां तत्त्वज्ञानान्निःश्रेयसम् ॥४॥

dharmaviśēṣaprasūtād dravyaguṇakarmasāmānyaviśēṣasamavāyānāṁ padārthānāṁ sādharmya vaidharmyābhyāṁ tattvajñānānniḥśrēyasam ॥4॥

[धर्मविशेषप्रसूताद् द्रव्य गुण कर्म सामान्य विशेष समवायानां पदार्थानां साधर्म्य वैधर्म्याभ्यां तत्त्वज्ञानात् निःश्रेयसम्॥
dharmaviśēṣaprasūtād = born from the special characteristic of DHARMA; dravya = substance; guṇa = qualities; karma = action; sāmānya = generality; viśēṣa = particularity; samavāyānāṁ = inherence; padārthānāṁ = represented by words' meanings; sādharmya = having common properties; vaidharmyābhyāṁ = and differentiated properties; tattvajñānāt = from the knowledge of their true principles; niḥśrēyasam = resulting in ultimate good;॥]

Born from the special characteristics of DHARMA, 'padarthas' i.e. those represented by words' meanings, based on their underlying common and differentiated DHARMAS can be classified as substance (dravya), qualities (guṇa), duties (karma), generality (sāmānya), particularity (viśēṣa), and inherence (samavāyā). Knowledge of their true principles is productive of ultimate good.