Chapter 22: Kṛpa and Droṇa as martial instructors; Droṇa’s arrival in Hastināpura, Arjuna’s emergence as his foremost pupil, Ekalavya’s deprivation, and the Brahmaśiras weapon.
Vaiśampāyana said: (KUMB: 1-139-21क्ष् (821))
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Seeing those exceedingly high-spirited princes at play, the king sought out Gautama as a teacher for their instruction and entrusted them to him. (KUMB: 1-139-41 (6268))
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who had been born in a clump of reeds and had mastered the meaning of the Vedas and śāstras. Entrusted to him by the king, they all became accomplished, and those Kurus learned the science of archery from Kripa. (KUMB: 1-139-42 (6269))
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Janamejaya said:
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Great Brahmin, you should also tell me of Kripa’s birth: how was he born from a clump of reeds, and how did he acquire his weapons? (BORI: 1-120-1)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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O great king, the great sage Gautama had a son named Śaradvān who, O lord, is said to have been born together with arrows. (BORI: 1-120-2)
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His inclination toward Vedic study was not as strong as his inclination toward the science of archery, O scorcher of foes. (BORI: 1-120-3)
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Just as the expounders of Brahman mastered the Vedas through austerity, so he, endowed with austerity, acquired all the weapons. (BORI: 1-120-4)
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Through his devotion to the science of archery and his immense austerities, Gautama greatly alarmed the lord of the gods. (BORI: 1-120-5)
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Then, O Kaurava, the lord of the gods sent a celestial maiden named Jālapadī, saying, “Go and disrupt his austerities.” (BORI: 1-120-6)
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The young woman approached Śaradvant’s delightful hermitage and tempted the bow-and-arrow-bearing Gautama. (BORI: 1-120-7)
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Seeing in the forest that celestial nymph, clad in a single garment and possessing a figure unrivalled in the world, Gautama’s eyes opened wide. (BORI: 1-120-8)
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His bow and arrows fell from his hands to the ground, and at the sight of her his body began to tremble. (BORI: 1-120-9)
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But owing to the greatness of his knowledge and the power of his austerities, that supremely wise man held firm with the utmost fortitude. (BORI: 1-120-10)
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But because of the sudden agitation that came over him, O king, his semen flowed, and he did not notice it. (BORI: 1-120-11)
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Leaving behind both the hermitage and that apsaras, the sage departed. His semen fell upon a clump of reeds. (BORI: 1-120-12)
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When it fell among the reeds, it split in two, O king. From it were then born twins to Śaradvat, the descendant of Gautama. (BORI: 1-120-13)
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While King Śantanu was out hunting, one of his soldiers happened to see the twins in the forest. (BORI: 1-120-14)
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Seeing a bow with its arrows and black-antelope skins, he concluded that the twins were the children of a Brahmin who had mastered the science of archery. He then showed the king the twins together with the arrows. (BORI: 1-120-15)
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Then the king, moved by compassion, took the twins and went home, saying, “These are my children.” (BORI: 1-120-16)
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Then he raised them and had the prescribed rites performed for them. Gautama too, having then departed, became devoted to the science of archery. (BORI: 1-120-17)
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“Since I have raised these two children out of compassion,” the king gave them names derived from that very word. (BORI: 1-120-18)
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Through his ascetic power, Gautama discovered that the two had been left there. He then came and told the king everything, beginning with their lineage. (BORI: 1-120-19)
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He then taught him in full the fourfold science of archery, the various weapons, and all its secrets. In a very short time, he attained the rank of a supreme teacher. (BORI: 1-120-20)
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Then all those mighty chariot-warriors mastered the science of archery: the sons of Dhritarashtra, the immensely powerful Pandavas, the Vrishnis, and other princes who had gathered from many lands. (BORI: 1-120-21)
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Janamejaya said: (KUMB: 1-140-0क्ष्)
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Brahmin, please also tell me of Kripa’s birth. How was he born from a clump of reeds, and how did he acquire his weapons? (KUMB: 1-140-1)
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Vaiśampāyana said: (KUMB: 1-140-2क्ष्)
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O mighty king, the great sage Gautama had a son of the Gautama line named Śaradvat, who, it is said, was born together with arrows. (KUMB: 1-140-2)
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His mind was not as intent on the study of the Vedas as it was on the science of archery, O scorcher of foes. (KUMB: 1-140-3)
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Just as the Vedas came to a celibate student through austerity, so he, endowed with austerity, obtained every weapon. (KUMB: 1-140-4)
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Through his devotion to the science of archery and his immense austerities, Gautama caused the king of the gods great alarm. (KUMB: 1-140-5)
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Then the lord of the gods sent a celestial maiden named Jālavatī, saying, “Go and disrupt his austerities,” O Kaurava. (KUMB: 1-140-6)
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The young woman went to Sharadvat’s delightful hermitage and seduced Gautama, who was carrying a bow and arrows. (KUMB: 1-140-7)
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Seeing the celestial nymph in the forest, clad in a single garment and of matchless beauty in the world, Gautama's eyes opened wide. (KUMB: 1-140-8)
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His bow and arrows fell from his hands to the ground, and his body suddenly began to tremble. (KUMB: 1-140-9)
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But through the surpassing power of his knowledge and the strength of his austerities, the exceedingly wise man stood firm with supreme fortitude. (KUMB: 1-140-10)
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The sudden agitation that arose in him, O king, caused his semen to flow, but he did not notice it. (KUMB: 1-140-11)
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Having cast aside his bow and arrows as well as his black antelope skins, and leaving behind that hermitage and the Apsaras herself, the sage… (KUMB: 1-140-12)
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His semen issued forth and fell upon a clump of reeds. When it fell there, it split in two, O king. (KUMB: 1-140-13)
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Then twins were born to Śaradvat of the Gautama lineage, near the hermitage of the great sage Gautama. By chance, while King Śantanu was out hunting, (KUMB: 1-140-14)
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one of his soldiers saw the twins in the forest. He also saw a bow with arrows and black antelope skins lying there.... (KUMB: 1-140-15)
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Realizing that the twins were the children of a Brahmin who had mastered the art of archery, he showed the king the twins and the bow with its arrows. (KUMB: 1-140-16)
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Moved by compassion, the king took the twins and brought them straight home, saying, “These are my children.” (KUMB: 1-140-17)
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Then Pratīpa’s descendant, the foremost of men, raised those twins of Gautama and had the prescribed rites performed for them. (KUMB: 1-140-18)
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Thinking, “I have raised these two children out of compassion,” the king gave them names on that very basis. Thus the boy became known as Kripa, and the girl as Kripi. (' ॥KUMB: 1-140-19)
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Their father Gautama also discovered them there through his ascetic power. He then came and told the king everything about their lineage and the rest. (KUMB: 1-140-20)
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Then Kripa too, O king, became devoted to the science of archery. The fourfold science of archery and various treatises… (KUMB: 1-140-21)
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His father revealed all that secret knowledge to him in full, and before long he attained the rank of preeminent teacher. (KUMB: 1-140-22)
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Gangeya summoned Kripa and said, “They are your pupils.” Entrusting his grandsons to him, he then duly honored Kripa. (KUMB: 1-140-23)
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Then all those great chariot-warriors—the sons of Dhritarashtra and the Pandavas, together with the Yadavas—mastered the science of archery. (KUMB: 1-140-24)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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Then Bhishma, seeking excellence and wishing to have his grandsons trained, made inquiries about teachers skilled in archery and renowned for their prowess. (BORI: 1-121-1)
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No one of limited intelligence, lacking great distinction, unversed in many weapons, or devoid of divine strength could train the mighty Kurus in arms. (BORI: 1-121-2)
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Long ago, as the great seer Bharadvaja was walking about the sacrificial enclosure, he saw with his own eyes the apsaras Ghritachi, who had just bathed. (BORI: 1-121-3)
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A gust of wind swept away her garment. Then his semen spilled forth, and the sage placed it in a wooden vessel. (BORI: 1-121-4)
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Droṇa was born in that wise sage’s jar. He studied the Vedas and all the Vedāṅgas thoroughly. (BORI: 1-121-5)
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The mighty Bharadvaja, foremost of the upholders of righteousness, imparted the fiery weapon to the illustrious Agniveshya. (BORI: 1-121-6)
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That sage, born from an Agniṣṭut sacrifice, then imparted that great fiery weapon to Bharadvaja’s son, O best of the Bharatas. (BORI: 1-121-7)
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Bharadvaja had a friend named Prishata, who was a king. At that time, he too had a son named Drupada. (BORI: 1-121-8)
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That son of Prishata, a bull among Kshatriyas, regularly went to the hermitage, where he played with Drona and also pursued his studies. (BORI: 1-121-9)
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Then, after Pṛṣata had passed away, the mighty-armed Drupada became king and ruler of the northern Pañcālas. (BORI: 1-121-10)
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The blessed Bharadvaja too then ascended to heaven. Thereafter, at his father’s bidding and from a desire for a son, the illustrious Drona took Kripi, daughter of Sharadvat, as his wife. (BORI: 1-121-11)
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Gautamī, ever devoted to the Agnihotra, righteousness, and self-restraint, bore a son, Aśvatthāman. (BORI: 1-121-12)
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The moment he was born, he cried out just like the horse Uccaihshravas. Hearing this, an unseen being in midair said: (BORI: 1-121-13)
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Because this crying child’s voice has carried through the quarters like a horse’s, this boy shall therefore be named Ashvatthaman. (BORI: 1-121-14)
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Bharadvaja was then greatly delighted with that son. Living there, the wise man devoted himself to the science of archery. (BORI: 1-121-15)
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He heard, O king, that the great-souled son of Jamadagni, the scorcher of foes, then wished to give all his wealth to the Brahmins. (BORI: 1-121-16)
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Then Bharadvaja’s son said to Rama, who was setting out for the forest, “Know that I am Drona, foremost of Brahmins, and that I have come seeking wealth.” (BORI: 1-121-17)
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Rama said:
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All the gold and whatever other wealth I possess I have given to the Brahmins—every last bit of it, O ascetic. (BORI: 1-121-18)
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Likewise, I have given to Kashyapa this entire divine earth, extending to the ocean, with its towns and garland of cities. (BORI: 1-121-19)
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Today I have kept for myself only my body, along with costly celestial weapons and various other weapons. Choose what I should give you, Drona, and tell me at once. (BORI: 1-121-20)
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Drona said:
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Bhargava, you should give me all the weapons in their entirety, together with the means of withdrawing them and the secrets of their use, without exception. (BORI: 1-121-21)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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Saying, “So be it,” Bhargava then gave him the weapons, together with their secrets and observances, and the entire science of archery. (BORI: 1-121-22)
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Having received all this and mastered the weapons, the best of the twice-born was greatly pleased and went to his dear friend Drupada. (BORI: 1-121-23)
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Thinking thus, Gāṅgeya, ever the foremost of the Bharatas… (KUMB: 1-140-27; NILA: 01.130.026)
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He entrusted the Pāṇḍavas and the Kauravas as pupils to the wise Droṇa, son of Bharadvāja, who was learned in the Vedas, O bull among men. (KUMB: 1-140-28; NILA: 01.130.027)
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Having been duly honored according to prescribed custom by the great-souled Bhishma, that illustrious man, pleased and foremost among those skilled in arms… (KUMB: 1-140-29; NILA: 01.130.028)
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The illustrious Drona accepted them all as his pupils and taught them the art of archery in its entirety. (KUMB: 1-140-30; NILA: 01.130.029)
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In a very short time, O king, the Kauravas and the immensely powerful Pandavas became proficient in every weapon. (KUMB: 1-140-31; NILA: 01.130.030)
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How was Droṇa born, and how did he acquire his weapons? How did he come to the Kurus, O Brahmin? Whose son was that mighty man? (KUMB: 1-140-32; NILA: 01.130.031)
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And how was his son, that Ashvatthaman, the foremost knower of weapons, born? I wish to hear all this; recount it in detail. (KUMB: 1-140-33; NILA: 01.130.032)
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At Gangadvara lived the great and venerable sage known as Bharadvaja, ever strict in his vows. (KUMB: 1-140-34; NILA: 01.130.033)
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He went to the Ganges to bathe and reached the river early. (KUMB: 1-140-35; NILA: 01.130.034)
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endowed with beauty and youth, exultant and languid with passion... (KUMB: 1-140-36; NILA: 01.130.035)
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Then, seeing her with her garment drawn aside, the sage desired her. (KUMB: 1-140-37; NILA: 01.130.036)
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While the wise Bharadvaja’s mind was absorbed in her… (KUMB: 1-140-38; NILA: 01.130.037)
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Bharadvaja acquired, for the gods’ purpose, the weapon that the sage Kashyapa had received from Agni and mastered. (KUMB: 1-140-40)
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While dwelling there, Droṇa, a great ascetic, practiced austerities. (KUMB: 1-140-46; NILA: 01.130.044)
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learned in the Vedas and their auxiliary disciplines, his sins burned away by austerity. (KUMB: 1-140-47; NILA: 01.130.045)
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a Brahmin versed in all knowledge, the foremost of all wielders of weapons… (KUMB: 1-140-53; NILA: 01.130.051)
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Having heard of Rāma’s science of archery and his divine weapons, he set his mind on them, and likewise on the science of statecraft. (KUMB: 1-140-54; NILA: 01.130.052)
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Then the mighty-armed great ascetic, accompanied by his observant disciples devoted to austerities, set out for Mahendra, the foremost of mountains. (KUMB: 1-140-55; NILA: 01.130.053)
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Then, upon reaching Mahendra, the great ascetic Bharadvaja saw the patient, self-controlled, enemy-slaying descendant of Bhrigu. (KUMB: 1-140-56; NILA: 01.130.054)
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Then Drona, surrounded by his disciples, approached the eminent descendant of Bhrigu and told him his name and that he had been born into the lineage of Angiras. (KUMB: 1-140-57; NILA: 01.130.055)
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Having made this known, he bowed his head to the ground and paid homage at his feet. Then, to him who had relinquished everything and wished to go to the forest... (KUMB: 1-140-58; NILA: 01.130.056)
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Bhāradvāja said this to the great-souled son of Jamadagni: “Know me, then, as one born from Bharadvāja, not from a womb.” (KUMB: 1-140-59; NILA: 01.130.057)
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Then the great-souled crusher of all the Kshatriyas said to him: (KUMB: 1-140-60; NILA: 01.130.058)
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“Welcome, best of Brahmins. Tell me what you desire.” Thus addressed by Rāma, Bhāradvāja spoke these words: (KUMB: 1-140-61; NILA: 01.130.059)
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to Rama, foremost of warriors, who wished to give wealth of many kinds: “I seek inexhaustible riches, O man of mighty vows.” (KUMB: 1-140-62; NILA: 01.130.060)
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Choose either my weapons or my body; this is what I offer you. (KUMB: 1-140-66; NILA: 01.130.064)
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“This is indeed the treasure of all treasures, O best of Brahmins.” Saying, “So be it,” Bhargava then gave him the weapons. (KUMB: 1-140-68)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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Then, O king, the mighty son of Bharadvāja approached Drupada and said to the son of Pṛṣata, “Know me as your friend.” (BORI: 1-122-1)
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Drupada said:
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Your judgment is immature, Brahmin, and hardly reasonable, since you audaciously tell me, “I am your friend,” O twice-born man. (BORI: 1-122-2)
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For nowhere do exalted kings form friendships with men such as you, you fool—men bereft of prosperity and stripped of wealth. (BORI: 1-122-3)
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Even friendships decay in time when those involved decline. For my friendship with you in the past was founded on equal standing. (BORI: 1-122-4)
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No friendship in this world is ever seen to remain ageless forever; desire disrupts it, and anger severs it. (BORI: 1-122-5)
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Do not cling to that old friendship; establish a new one. O best of Brahmins, my friendship with you was based on a particular purpose. (BORI: 1-122-6)
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A poor man is no friend to a rich man, nor an unlearned man to a learned one; a coward is no friend to a hero. What use is a former friendship? (BORI: 1-122-7)
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Friendship and marriage are possible only between two people of equal wealth and equal family standing, not between the prosperous and the impoverished. (BORI: 1-122-8)
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One unversed in the Vedas is no friend of a Vedic scholar, nor is a man without a chariot the friend of a chariot-warrior. A king has no association with one who is not a king; what can be sought on the basis of former friendship? (BORI: 1-122-9)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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Thus addressed by Drupada, the valiant son of Bharadvāja reflected for a moment, overwhelmed with anger. (BORI: 1-122-10)
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Having made up his mind about the king of Panchala, the wise man went to Nagasahvaya, the city of the foremost Kurus. (BORI: 1-122-11)
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Having reached the city of the Nagas, the eminent Brahmin, Bharadvaja’s son, stayed there incognito in Gautama’s residence. (KUMB: 1-141-15)
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Then his son, a master, taught the Pārthas the use of weapons after Kripa, but the people did not recognize him. (KUMB: 1-141-16)
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Thus he lived there in disguise for some time. (KUMB: 1-141-17)
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Then the princes came out of Gajasahvaya together and roamed about there joyfully, the young heroes playing with a ball. (BORI: 1-122-12)
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As they were playing, the ball fell into a well, and they could find no way to retrieve it. (BORI: 1-122-13)
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Then the valiant Drona, seeing the princes intent on the task, smiled gently and, confident in his skill, addressed them. (BORI: 1-122-14)
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Ah, shame on your warrior strength, and shame on your skill in arms—you who were born in Bharata’s lineage cannot retrieve the ball! (BORI: 1-122-15)
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This handful of reeds has been consecrated by me with a weapon-spell. Behold its power, which no other possesses. (BORI: 1-122-16)
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I shall pierce the ball with one reed, then that reed with another, and that one with yet another; by linking them in this way, I shall retrieve the ball. (BORI: 1-122-17)
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The princes watched this, their eyes wide with amazement. Seeing the ball drawn out, they said to the man who had pierced it: (BORI: 1-122-18)
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We salute you, Brahmin. No one else possesses such skill. Who are you? By what name may we know you? What can we do for you? (BORI: 1-122-19)
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Droṇa said:
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Tell Bhishma of my appearance and qualities. Being exceedingly wise, he will understand at once. (BORI: 1-122-20)
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Vaiśampāyana said:
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After replying, “So be it,” they all said to their grandfather Bhishma, “The Brahmin’s words are true, and that feat was extraordinary.” (BORI: 1-122-21)
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Hearing the princes’ account, Bhishma recognized the man as Drona and reflected, “He is indeed a fitting teacher.” (BORI: 1-122-22)
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Then Bhishma, foremost of weapon-bearers, had the accomplished Drona brought before him, personally received him with great honor, and asked him the reason for his coming. Drona told him everything. (BORI: 1-122-23)
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O unfailing one, I once went to the great seer Agniveśya to obtain weapons, desiring to master the science of archery. (BORI: 1-122-24)
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As a disciplined and humble celibate student, wearing matted hair, I lived there for many years, intent on mastering the science of archery. (BORI: 1-122-25)
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The mighty Yajnasena, prince of Panchala, studied with me under our teacher, exerting himself with full concentration. (BORI: 1-122-26)
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There he was my friend, helpful and dear to me. From childhood onward, O descendant of Kuru, I long delighted in his company, and we studied together. (BORI: 1-122-27)
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There that kindly, affectionate speaker approached me and addressed me, O Bhishma, with these words that increased my joy: (BORI: 1-122-28)
[PV-OTH:01_022_142]
O Drona, I am the dearest son of my noble father. When that king of Panchala installs me on the throne… (BORI: 1-122-29)
[PV-OTH:01_022_143]
The kingdom will be yours to enjoy, my friend—I swear this to you truthfully. My pleasures, wealth, and comforts will also be at your disposal. (BORI: 1-122-30)
[PV-OTH:01_022_144]
Thus addressed, I set out in search of wealth, having mastered the use of weapons. Then, hearing that he had been enthroned and thinking, “I have achieved my purpose,” … (BORI: 1-122-31)
[PV-OTH:01_022_145]
Greatly pleased, I returned to my dear friend, now established in his kingdom, remembering our companionship and those words of his. (BORI: 1-122-32)
[PV-OTH:01_022_146]
Then, O lord, I approached Drupada, who had once been my friend, and said, “O tiger among men, know me as your friend.” (BORI: 1-122-33)
[PV-OTH:01_022_147]
But when I came before Drupada and approached him as a friend, he laughed at me as though I were beneath notice and said this: (BORI: 1-122-34)
[PV-OTH:01_022_148]
Your judgment is immature, Brahmin, and hardly reasonable, since you presumptuously said to me, ‘I am your friend,’ O twice-born. (BORI: 1-122-35)
[PV-OTH:01_022_149]
For powerful kings can never be friends with men such as you, you fool, bereft of prosperity and stripped of wealth. (BORI: 1-122-36)
[PV-OTH:01_022_150]
One who is not learned in the Vedas is no friend of one who is; a man without a chariot is no friend of a chariot-warrior, nor is one who is not a king a friend of a king. Why, then, do you seek our former friendship? (BORI: 1-122-37)
[PV-OTH:01_022_151]
After Drupada had spoken to me in this way, I was overcome with anger and came to the Kurus, O Bhishma, seeking accomplished pupils. (BORI: 1-122-38)
[PV-KDV:01_022_152]
Bhishma accepted him as preceptor, together with the sons of Pandu. Then, taking all those grandsons and various kinds of wealth… (BORI: 1-122-39)
[PV-KDV:01_022_153]
“These are your pupils,” he said, O king, and duly entrusted them to Droṇa. That mighty archer then accepted the Kauravas as his pupils. (BORI: 1-122-40)
[PV-KDV:01_022_154]
Having accepted them all, Drona, confident in himself, then spoke privately to them after they had respectfully approached him: (BORI: 1-122-41)
[PV-KDV:01_022_155]
There is a certain task I desire that weighs on my heart. Once you have mastered the weapons, you must perform it for me. Give me your solemn word on this, blameless ones. (BORI: 1-122-42)
[PV-KDV:01_022_156]
Hearing this, the Kauravas sat in silence, O lord of men; but then Arjuna, the scorcher of foes, promised to do all that was asked. (BORI: 1-122-43)
[PV-KDV:01_022_157]
Then Drona repeatedly smelled the crown of Arjuna’s head, embraced him affectionately, and wept for joy. (BORI: 1-122-44)
[PV-KDV:01_022_158]
Then the valiant Drona taught the sons of Pandu various divine and human weapons. (BORI: 1-122-45)
[PV-KDV:01_022_159]
O bull of Bharata, other princes likewise assembled and then approached Drona, the foremost of Brahmins, to learn weaponry—the Vrishnis, the Andhakas, and rulers from many lands. (BORI: 1-122-46)
[PV-PAN:01_022_160]
Then Rādheya, the charioteer’s son, also approached Drona as his teacher. Fiercely resentful and vying with Partha, he allied himself with Duryodhana and despised the Pandavas. (BORI: 1-122-47)
[PV-OTH:01_022_161]
Thus addressed by his friend, the lord of men—their affection now a thing of the past—the Panchala king could not tolerate those words of Bharadvaja’s son. (KUMB: 1-141-2; NILA: 01.131.002)
[PV-SVO:01_022_162]
The king, his brows twisted with anger and indignation, his eyes reddened, and filled with the arrogance of power, said this to Drona: (KUMB: 1-141-3; NILA: 01.131.003)
[PV-SVO:01_022_163]
Having come to Nagapura, Bharadvaja, the foremost of the twice-born, lived there in Gautama’s residence in disguise. (KUMB: 1-141-15; NILA: 01.131.014)
[PV-SVO:01_022_164]
Then his powerful son taught the Parthas the use of weapons after Kripa, but the people did not recognize him. (KUMB: 1-141-16; NILA: 01.131.015)
[PV-SVO:01_022_165]
Thus he remained there incognito for some time. (KUMB: 1-141-17; NILA: 01.131.016)
[PV-SVO:01_022_166]
Then, intent on retrieving the ball, they made every effort. (KUMB: 1-141-20; NILA: 01.131.018)
[PV-SVO:01_022_167]
Then they looked at one another, their faces lowered in embarrassment. Not knowing how to do it, they became deeply anxious. (KUMB: 1-141-21; NILA: 01.131.019)
[PV-SVO:01_022_168]
They saw nearby a dark-complexioned Brahmin, afflicted, gray-haired, and emaciated, occupied with his duties and with the Agnihotra fire before him. (KUMB: 1-141-22; NILA: 01.131.020)
[PV-SVO:01_022_169]
Seeing that noble Brahmin, the boys approached and gathered around him, dispirited by their failed efforts. (KUMB: 1-141-23; NILA: 01.131.021)
[PV-SVO:01_022_170]
I shall retrieve both this ball and the ring with blades of grass. Let a meal be given to me. (KUMB: 1-141-26; NILA: 01.131.024)
[PV-SVO:01_022_171]
Having said this to the princes, Drona, the subduer of foes, dropped his ring into that waterless well. (NILA: 01.131.025)
[PV-SVO:01_022_172]
Then Kunti’s son Yudhishthira said to Drona, “Brahmin, with Kripa’s consent, receive perpetual maintenance.” (KUMB: 1-141-27; NILA: 01.131.026)
[PV-SVO:01_022_173]
Thus addressed, he laughed and replied to the Bharatas as follows: (KUMB: 1-141-28; NILA: 01.131.027)
[PV-SVO:01_022_174]
Then the Bharatas promptly did everything exactly as Drona had instructed. (KUMB: 1-141-30क्ष्; NILA: 01.131.029)
[PV-SVO:01_022_175]
Thinking, “This is utterly astonishing,” they spoke these words: (KUMB: 1-141-31; NILA: 01.131.030)
[PV-SVO:01_022_176]
“O brahmin sage, quickly retrieve this jeweled ring.” Then the illustrious Drona took up his bow and an arrow… (KUMB: 1-141-32; KUMB: 1-141-32क्ष्; NILA: 01.131.031)
[PV-SVO:01_022_177]
Having pierced the ring with the arrow, the master brought it up. Then, taking the arrow and the finger-ring from the well… (KUMB: 1-141-33; NILA: 01.131.032)
[PV-SVO:01_022_178]
Then, himself unastonished, he gave it to the astonished princes. Seeing the ring recovered, the princes said to him… (KUMB: 1-141-34; NILA: 01.131.033)
[PV-SVO:01_022_179]
Thus addressed, Drona then replied to the princes: (KUMB: 1-141-36; NILA: 01.131.035)
[PV-SVO:01_022_180]
And at that time, always keeping those words in mind, I… (KUMB: 1-141-49; NILA: 01.131.048)
[PV-SVO:01_022_181]
formidable in valor and deeds, and as radiant as the sun... (KUMB: 1-141-51; NILA: 01.131.050)
[PV-SVO:01_022_182]
Seeing the sons of wealthy men there drinking cow’s milk, Ashvatthaman, still a child, wept, leaving me uncertain which way to turn. (KUMB: 1-141-52; NILA: 01.131.051)
[PV-SVO:01_022_183]
Thinking to myself, “One who has completed his studentship and performs his proper duties should not fall into destitution,” I wandered repeatedly through that land… (KUMB: 1-141-53; NILA: 01.131.052)
[PV-SVO:01_022_184]
Desiring, O son of Ganga, a pure and lawful gift, I traversed that land from end to end but found no milk-giving cow. (KUMB: 1-141-54; NILA: 01.131.053)
[PV-SVO:01_022_185]
Then the boys enticed him with flour-water. After drinking it, the child, thinking, “I too have drunk milk,”… (KUMB: 1-141-55; NILA: 01.131.054)
[PV-SVO:01_022_186]
He sprang up and danced, O Kauravya, overjoyed and deceived by his childish innocence. But when I saw my son dancing, surrounded by the other boys… (KUMB: 1-141-56; NILA: 01.131.055)
[PV-SVO:01_022_187]
—become an object of ridicule—then despair came over me: “Shame on penniless Drona, who cannot acquire wealth!” (KUMB: 1-141-57; NILA: 01.131.056)
[PV-SVO:01_022_188]
whose son, after drinking flour mixed with water in his craving for milk, danced in delight, exclaiming, “I too have drunk milk!” (KUMB: 1-141-58; NILA: 01.131.057)
[PV-SVO:01_022_189]
Hearing the words of those who spoke thus, my mind was shaken. Reproaching myself inwardly, I reflected as follows: (KUMB: 1-141-59; NILA: 01.131.058)
[PV-SVO:01_022_190]
I would rather live as before, shunned and reviled by Brahmins, than perform the most sinful service of another out of desire for wealth. (KUMB: 1-141-60; NILA: 01.131.059)
[PV-SVO:01_022_191]
Thinking thus, O Bhishma, I took my dear son and went with my wife to Saumaki, out of attachment to our former friendship. (KUMB: 1-141-61; NILA: 01.131.060)
[PV-SVO:01_022_192]
I know of no agreement made by you concerning the kingdom. (KUMB: 1-141-73; NILA: 01.131.072)
[PV-SVO:01_022_193]
But for one night, O Brahmin, I will gladly give you food. (KUMB: 1-141-74; NILA: 01.131.073)
[PV-SVO:01_022_194]
Having made that promise, which I shall fulfill very soon… (KUMB: 1-141-14; KUMB: 1-141-75; NILA: 01.131.074)
[PV-SVO:01_022_195]
I have therefore come to fulfill your desire. (KUMB: 1-141-76; NILA: 01.131.075)
[PV-SVO:01_022_196]
Here is the delightful city of Nāgapura. Tell me, what may I do for you?” Thus addressed, Bhishma then said to Bharadvaja: (KUMB: 1-141-77; KUMB: 1-141-77क्ष्; NILA: 01.131.076)
[PV-SVO:01_022_197]
Have your bow unstrung and lay aside your weapon. Enjoy pleasures to your heart’s content, happy and honored in the land of the Kurus. (KUMB: 1-141-78; NILA: 01.131.077)
[PV-SVO:01_022_198]
Whatever wealth the Kurus possess, together with this kingdom and all its territories, is yours alone. You are the supreme king, and all the Kurus are yours. (KUMB: 1-141-79; NILA: 01.131.078)
[PV-SVO:01_022_199]
Whatever you have requested, Brahmin, consider it done. By good fortune you have come, sage among Brahmins; you have done me a great favor. (NILA: 01.131.079)
[PV-SVO:01_022_200]
glorious, surrounded by his disciples and accompanied by his son… (KUMB: 1-141-13)
[PV-SVO:01_022_201]
As they were playing, the son of Dharma’s ring fell into a well, and the ball fell in there too. (KUMB: 1-141-18; KUMB: 1-141-19)
[PV-SVO:01_022_202]
covered by the water in the pit, like a star in the sky... (KUMB: 1-141-19)
[PV-SVO:01_022_203]
On seeing it, the princes carefully gathered around it. Then, intent on retrieving the ball, they began their efforts. (KUMB: 1-141-20)
[PV-SVO:01_022_204]
Vaiśampāyana said:
[PV-KDV:01_022_205]
Arjuna, however, devoted himself with the utmost diligence to honoring his teacher and applied himself fully to the art of weaponry; he thus became dear to Drona. (BORI: 1-123-1)
[PV-KDV:01_022_206]
Then Drona summoned the cook and told him privately, “You must never give Arjuna food in the dark.” (BORI: 1-123-2)
[PV-KDV:01_022_207]
Then once, while Arjuna was eating, the wind blew, extinguishing the lamp that was burning there. (BORI: 1-123-3)
[PV-KDV:01_022_208]
Arjuna continued eating his meal, and the vigorous warrior’s hand did not stray from his mouth, through long habit of taking food. Realizing that this was the result of practice, the Pandava began practicing at night. (BORI: 1-123-4)
[PV-KDV:01_022_209]
Drona heard the twang of his bowstring, O Bharata. Rising and going to him, he embraced him and said: (BORI: 1-123-5)
[PV-KDV:01_022_210]
I shall strive to ensure that no other archer in the world will equal you. I tell you this truly. (BORI: 1-123-6)
[PV-KDV:01_022_211]
Then Drona gave Arjuna further training in combat on chariots, on elephants, on horseback, and on foot. (BORI: 1-123-7)
[PV-KDV:01_022_212]
Drona trained the Pandava in fighting with the mace, swordsmanship, the use of javelins, spears, and lances, and mixed combat. (BORI: 1-123-8)
[PV-KDV:01_022_213]
Seeing his skill, kings and princes who wished to learn archery came in their thousands. (BORI: 1-123-9)
[PV-KDV:01_022_214]
Then Ekalavya, the son of the Nishada king Hiranyadhanus, came to Drona, O great king. (BORI: 1-123-10)
[PV-KDV:01_022_215]
Knowing dharma, he did not accept him as a student of archery, thinking, “He is a Niṣāda’s son,” out of consideration for them alone. (BORI: 1-123-11)
[PV-KDV:01_022_216]
But that scorcher of foes bowed his head at Drona’s feet, went into the forest, and made an earthen image of Drona. (BORI: 1-123-12)
[PV-KDV:01_022_217]
He then showed it the utmost devotion due to a teacher and devoted himself to the practice of archery, observing the strictest discipline. (BORI: 1-123-13)
[PV-KDV:01_022_218]
Endowed with the highest devotion and discipline, he attained supreme quickness in taking up, fitting, and releasing arrows. (BORI: 1-123-14)
[PV-KDV:01_022_219]
One day, with Drona’s permission, all the Kauravas and Pandavas, subduers of their foes, set out in chariots to hunt. (BORI: 1-123-15)
[PV-KDV:01_022_220]
There, O king, a certain man happened to follow the Pandavas alone, carrying the equipment and taking a dog with him. (BORI: 1-123-16)
[PV-KDV:01_022_221]
While they roamed there, intent on their various tasks, the foolish dog wandered through the forest and went toward the Niṣāda. (BORI: 1-123-17)
[PV-KDV:01_022_222]
In the forest, the dog spotted the dark-skinned Nishada, his body smeared with dirt and clad in a black deerskin, and stood near him barking. (BORI: 1-123-18)
[PV-KDV:01_022_223]
Then, while the dog was barking, he loosed seven arrows into its mouth all at once, displaying his skill with the weapon. (BORI: 1-123-19)
[PV-KDV:01_022_224]
The dog, its mouth filled with arrows, came to the Pandavas. Seeing it, the valiant Pandavas were utterly amazed. (BORI: 1-123-20)
[PV-KDV:01_022_225]
When they saw that extraordinary dexterity and skill in hitting a target by sound, and looked at the dog, they were ashamed and full of praise. (BORI: 1-123-21)
[PV-KDV:01_022_226]
Then, as they searched the forest for that forest-dweller, the Pandavas saw him, O king, ceaselessly shooting arrows. (BORI: 1-123-22)
[PV-KDV:01_022_227]
They did not recognize him then, for his appearance had changed. So they asked him, “Who are you, and whose son are you?” (BORI: 1-123-23)
[PV-KDV:01_022_228]
Ekalavya said:
[PV-KDV:01_022_229]
Heroes, know me as the son of Hiranyadhanus, lord of the Nishadas, a pupil of Drona who has devoted himself to the art of archery. (BORI: 1-123-24)
[PV-KDV:01_022_230]
Vaiśampāyana said:
[PV-KDV:01_022_231]
Having learned the truth about him, the Pandavas returned and told Drona everything that had happened, astonishing as it was. (BORI: 1-123-25)
[PV-KDV:01_022_232]
But Arjuna, son of Kunti, remembering Ekalavya, O king, met Drona in private and, out of affection, said this: (BORI: 1-123-26)
[PV-KDV:01_022_233]
Did you not embrace me alone and affectionately tell me, “No pupil of mine will ever surpass you”? (BORI: 1-123-27)
[PV-KDV:01_022_234]
Then why is there another pupil of yours—the son of the Nishada king—who is superior to me and mightier even than the whole world? (BORI: 1-123-28)
[PV-KDV:01_022_235]
After pondering this for a moment and making up his mind, Drona took Savyasacin with him and went to the Nishada prince. (BORI: 1-123-29)
[PV-KDV:01_022_236]
He saw Ekalavya, his body smeared with dirt, his hair matted, and clad in bark garments, bow in hand and ceaselessly shooting arrows. (BORI: 1-123-30)
[PV-KDV:01_022_237]
But when Ekalavya saw Drona drawing near, he went up to him, clasped his feet, and bowed his head to the ground. (BORI: 1-123-31)
[PV-KDV:01_022_238]
Then the Nishada youth duly honored Drona, declared himself his pupil, and stood before him with hands joined. (BORI: 1-123-32)
[PV-KDV:01_022_239]
Then Drona said these words to Ekalavya, O king: “If you are my pupil, pay me my fee at once.” (BORI: 1-123-33)
[PV-KDV:01_022_240]
Hearing this, Ekalavya was delighted and said, “What shall I give you, venerable sir? Let my teacher command me.” (BORI: 1-123-34)
[PV-KDV:01_022_241]
“There is nothing I would not give my teacher, O best of those who know Brahman.” Drona said to him, “Then give me your right thumb.” (BORI: 1-123-35)
[PV-KDV:01_022_242]
But Ekalavya, hearing those cruel words of Drona, kept his own promise and remained, as ever, devoted to truth… (BORI: 1-123-36)
[PV-KDV:01_022_243]
Still smiling and wholly undismayed, he cut off his own thumb without hesitation and gave it to Drona. (BORI: 1-123-37)
[PV-KDV:01_022_244]
Thereafter the Nishada prince drew the bowstring with his fingers, but he was not as swift as before, O king. (BORI: 1-123-38)
[PV-KDV:01_022_245]
Then Arjuna was delighted and free from anxiety, while Drona proved true to his word: no one surpassed Arjuna. (BORI: 1-123-39)
[PV-PAX:01_022_246]
At that time, among the Kurus, Duryodhana and Bhima, both pupils of Drona, became especially proficient in the use of the mace. (BORI: 1-123-40)
[PV-KDV:01_022_247]
Ashvatthaman excelled in all the secret teachings. Likewise, the two twins surpassed other men in swordsmanship. Yudhishthira was the foremost chariot-warrior, but Dhananjaya excelled in every respect. (BORI: 1-123-41)
[PV-KDV:01_022_248]
renowned throughout the ocean-bounded earth as the leader of the commanders of chariot divisions; in intelligence, skill, strength, and vigor, and in every weapon, the Pandava… (BORI: 1-123-42)
[PV-PAX:01_022_249]
Arjuna excelled in arms and in devotion to his teacher. Though all received equal instruction in arms, the valiant Arjuna, through his dexterity, alone among all the princes became a mighty chariot-warrior. (BORI: 1-123-43)
[PV-PAX:01_022_250]
O king, the wicked sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra could not abide Bhīmasena, who was dearer than life, or Dhanañjaya, who had mastered his training. (BORI: 1-123-44)
[PV-KDV:01_022_251]
But Drona, having assembled them all once they had mastered every branch of learning, wished to test their knowledge of weapons, O bull among men… (BORI: 1-123-45)
[PV-KDV:01_022_252]
He had an artificial bird made by craftsmen placed at the top of a tree and, without the princes knowing, designated it as the target. (BORI: 1-123-46)
[PV-KDV:01_022_253]
Drona said:
[PV-KDV:01_022_254]
Quickly, all of you, take up your bows and stand ready with arrows nocked, aiming at this bird of prey. (BORI: 1-123-47)
[PV-KDV:01_022_255]
At the very moment I give the word, strike off its head. I shall command each of you in turn; do as I say, my sons. (BORI: 1-123-48)
[PV-KDV:01_022_256]
Vaiśampāyana said:
[PV-KDV:01_022_257]
Then the foremost of the Angirases first said to Yudhishthira, “Nock an arrow, O invincible one, and release it when I have finished speaking.” (BORI: 1-123-49)
[PV-KDV:01_022_258]
Then Yudhishthira was the first to take up the loudly twanging bow and stand aiming at the bird, spurred on by his teacher’s command. (BORI: 1-123-50)
[PV-KDV:01_022_259]
Then, after a moment, Drona spoke these words to that scion of Kuru, whose bow was drawn, O bull of the Bharatas. (BORI: 1-123-51)
[PV-KDV:01_022_260]
“Do you see this vulture perched at the top of the tree, son of the noble king?” “I see it,” Yudhishthira replied to his teacher. (BORI: 1-123-52)
[PV-KDV:01_022_261]
A moment later, Drona addressed him again: “Now do you see this tree, or me, or your brothers as well?” (BORI: 1-123-53)
[PV-KDV:01_022_262]
The son of Kunti repeatedly answered him, “I see that tree, you, my brothers, and the bird as well.” (BORI: 1-123-54)
[PV-KDV:01_022_263]
Drona, seemingly displeased, said to him, “Step aside. You cannot hit this target,” thus disparaging him. (BORI: 1-123-55)
[PV-KDV:01_022_264]
Then the illustrious teacher, wishing to test them, questioned the sons of Dhritarashtra, beginning with Duryodhana, one after another in the same way. (BORI: 1-123-56)
[PV-KDV:01_022_265]
…the other pupils, beginning with Bhima, as well as kings from other lands. They all likewise said, “We see all of that,” and were rebuked. (BORI: 1-123-57)
[PV-KDV:01_022_266]
Then Drona addressed Dhananjaya with a smile: “Now you must strike this target. Listen.”} filthy? Wait etallakṣyaṃ niśamyatām perhaps (BORI: 1-123-58)
[PV-KDV:01_022_267]
Your arrow must be released at this target the very moment I give the word. Son, draw your bow and stand ready for a moment. (BORI: 1-123-59)
[PV-KDV:01_022_268]
Thus addressed, Savyasachi drew his bow into a full curve and stood aiming at the target, impelled by his teacher’s command. (BORI: 1-123-60)
[PV-KDV:01_022_269]
After a moment, Drona addressed him again: “Do you see this bird perched there, the tree, and me as well?” (BORI: 1-123-61)
[PV-KDV:01_022_270]
“I see the bird,” Pārtha replied to Droṇa, “but I see neither the tree nor you, sir, O Bhārata.” (BORI: 1-123-62)
[PV-KDV:01_022_271]
Then Drona, pleased at heart, after a moment addressed him again—the formidable master speaking to that foremost chariot-warrior among the Pandavas: (BORI: 1-123-63)
[PV-KDV:01_022_272]
“If you see that bird, tell me again in the same way.” He replied, “I see the bird’s head, but not its body.” (BORI: 1-123-64)
[PV-KDV:01_022_273]
Thus addressed by Arjuna, Drona’s hair stood on end with delight. He said to Partha, “Release it!” and Arjuna loosed the arrow without hesitation. (BORI: 1-123-65)
[PV-KDV:01_022_274]
Then, with a sharp, razor-headed arrow, the Pandava swiftly severed the head of the man in the tree and sent it falling. (BORI: 1-123-66)
[PV-KDV:01_022_275]
When that deed had been accomplished, he embraced Phalguna and regarded Drupada and his followers as defeated in battle. (BORI: 1-123-67)
[PV-KDV:01_022_276]
Then, after some time, the foremost of the descendants of Aṅgiras went with his pupils to the Ganges to bathe, O bull of the Bharatas. (BORI: 1-123-68)
[PV-KDV:01_022_277]
Then, when Drona had entered the water, a powerful aquatic crocodile, driven by fate, seized him by the lower leg. (BORI: 1-123-69)
[PV-KDV:01_022_278]
Though capable of freeing himself, he urged all his pupils on, as if in great haste: “Kill the crocodile and set me free!” (BORI: 1-123-70)
[PV-KDV:01_022_279]
The very moment those words were spoken, Bibhatsu struck the crocodile submerged in the water with five sharp arrows, while the others, utterly bewildered, scattered in all directions. (BORI: 1-123-71)
[PV-KDV:01_022_280]
Seeing the Pandava so quick to act, Drona judged him superior to all his other pupils and was delighted with him. (BORI: 1-123-72)
[PV-KDV:01_022_281]
Cut into many pieces by Pārtha’s arrows, the crocodile released the great-souled man’s leg and died. (BORI: 1-123-73)
[PV-KDV:01_022_282]
Then Bharadvaja said to the great-souled mighty warrior, “Receive this exceptional and nearly irresistible weapon, mighty-armed one. It is called the Brahmashiras, and comes with the means of deploying and withdrawing it.” (BORI: 1-123-74)
[PV-KDV:01_022_283]
You must never use it against human beings; if unleashed upon one of little power, it would burn up the world. (BORI: 1-123-75)
[PV-KDV:01_022_284]
My son, this weapon is said to be unparalleled in all the worlds. Keep it with due discipline, and listen to these words of mine. (BORI: 1-123-76)
[PV-KDV:01_022_285]
When some superhuman foe assails you, hero, then use this weapon in battle to slay him. (BORI: 1-123-77)
[PV-KDV:01_022_286]
Bibhatsu assented, saying, “So be it,” and, with palms joined, received that supreme weapon. Then his teacher said to him again, “No other man in the world will be an archer equal to you.” (BORI: 1-123-78)
[PV-KDV:01_022_287]
Seeing Phalguna always diligently devoted to archery… (KUMB: 1-142-30; NILA: 01.132.021)
[PV-SVO:01_022_288]
Nor must you reveal these words of mine, Vijaya. (KUMB: 1-142-31; NILA: 01.132.022)
[PV-SVO:01_022_289]
The mighty-armed son of Pandu practiced with his bow. (KUMB: 1-142-34; NILA: 01.132.025)
[PV-SVO:01_022_290]
Drona, foremost of weapon-bearers, instructed them all. (KUMB: 1-142-40)
[PV-SVO:01_022_291]
You are my pupil, Nishada, and exceptionally skilled in the use of weapons. Return home; you have my permission at all times. (KUMB: 1-142-42)
[PV-SVO:01_022_292]
Then, after granting him permission for every practice, he summoned his pupils. (KUMB: 1-143-17)
[PV-SVO:01_022_293]
Having brought together Duryodhana, Chitrasena, Duhshasana, Vivimshati, Arjuna, and Ashvatthaman... (KUMB: 1-143-18)
[PV-SVO:01_022_294]
Then the mighty-armed Drona fashioned a clay figurine and threw it into the waters of the Ganges in full view of his pupils. (KUMB: 1-143-19)
[PV-SVO:01_022_295]
After blindfolding him with a cloth, he handed him a bow and said, “Now shoot this figurine in the water while blindfolded.” (KUMB: 1-143-20)
[PV-SVO:01_022_296]
In that very instant, the masterful Bibhatsu repeatedly pierced the dolphin submerged in the water with ten volleys of five arrows each. (KUMB: 1-143-21)
[PV-SVO:01_022_297]