01.085
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said.)
Aṣṭaka said.
यदावसो नन्दने कामरूपी; संवत्सराणामयुतं शतानाम्। किं कारणं कार्तयुगप्रधान; हित्वा तत्त्वं वसुधामन्वपद्यः ॥०१-८५-१॥
yadā vaso nandane kāmarūpī; saṃvatsarāṇām ayutaṃ śatānām। kiṃ kāraṇaṃ kārtayuga-pradhāna; hitvā tattvaṃ vasudhām anvapadyaḥ ॥01-85-1॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; अवसो (vaso) - O lord; नन्दने (nandane) - in Nandana (garden); कामरूपी (kāmarūpī) - of desired form; संवत्सराणाम् (saṃvatsarāṇām) - of years; अयुतं (ayutaṃ) - ten thousand; शतानाम् (śatānām) - of hundreds; किं (kiṃ) - what; कारणं (kāraṇaṃ) - reason; कार्तयुगप्रधान (kārtayuga-pradhāna) - chief of Kṛta Yuga; हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; तत्त्वं (tattvaṃ) - essence; वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - earth; अन्वपद्यः (anvapadyaḥ) - did you attain;]
(When, O lord, in Nandana, of desired form, for ten thousand hundreds of years, what reason, O chief of Kṛta Yuga, having abandoned essence, the earth did you attain?)
O lord, when you, of desired form, resided in the Nandana garden for a hundred thousand years, what was the reason, O chief of Kṛta Yuga, that you abandoned the essence and took to the earth? (01-85-1)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātir uvāca॥
[ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayāti; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(King Yayāti said;)
King Yayāti said.
ज्ञातिः सुहृत्स्वजनो यो यथेह; क्षीणे वित्ते त्यज्यते मानवैर्हि। तथा तत्र क्षीणपुण्यं मनुष्यं; त्यजन्ति सद्यः सेश्वरा देवसङ्घाः ॥०१-८५-२॥
jñātiḥ suhṛtsvajanoyoyatheha; kṣīṇe vitte tyajyate mānavaiḥ hi. tathā tatra kṣīṇapuṇyaṃ manuṣyaṃ; tyajanti sadyaḥ sa-īśvarā deva-saṅghāḥ ॥01-85-2॥
[ज्ञातिः (jñātiḥ) - kinsman; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend; स्वजनः (svajanaḥ) - own people; यः (yaḥ) - who; यथा (yathā) - as; इह (iha) - here; क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when diminished; वित्ते (vitte) - in wealth; त्यज्यते (tyajyate) - is abandoned; मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by men; हि (hi) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - so; तत्र (tatra) - there; क्षीणपुण्यं (kṣīṇapuṇyam) - one whose merit is exhausted; मनुष्यं (manuṣyam) - man; त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - abandons; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; स-ईश्वरा (sa-īśvarā) - together with rulers; देवसङ्घाः (deva-saṅghāḥ) - companies of gods;]
(Kinsman, friend, own people, who as here, when wealth is diminished, is abandoned by men indeed. So there, one whose merit is exhausted, man, abandon immediately together with rulers, companies of gods.)
Just as here, a kinsman, friend, or one's own people abandon a person when his wealth is diminished, even so there, when a man's merit is exhausted, he is at once abandoned by the hosts of gods along with their lords. (01-85-2)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said;)
Aṣṭaka said.
कथं तस्मिन्क्षीणपुण्या भवन्ति; संमुह्यते मेऽत्र मनोऽतिमात्रम्। किंविशिष्टाः कस्य धामोपयान्ति; तद्वै ब्रूहि क्षेत्रवित्त्वं मतो मे ॥०१-८५-३॥
kathaṁ tasmin kṣīṇapuṇyā bhavanti; saṁmuhyate me'tra mano'timātram. kiṁ-viśiṣṭāḥ kasya dhāmopayānti; tad vai brūhi kṣetravittvaṁ mato me ॥01-85-3॥
[कथं (katham) - how; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - there; in that; क्षीणपुण्या (kṣīṇapuṇyāḥ) - those whose merit is exhausted; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; are; संमुह्यते (saṁmuhyate) - is bewildered; मे (me) - my; अत्र (atra) - here; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - exceedingly; excessively; किम्-विशिष्टाः (kim-viśiṣṭāḥ) - of what kind; distinguished by what; कस्य (kasya) - whose; धाम (dhāma) - abode; place; उपयान्ति (upayānti) - go to; reach; तत् (tat) - that; वै (vai) - indeed; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; speak; क्षेत्रवित्त्वम् (kṣetravittvam) - knower of the field; (addressing as a knower); मतः (mataḥ) - regarded; considered; मे (me) - by me; to me;]
(How there those whose merit is exhausted become? Is bewildered my mind here exceedingly. Of what kind, whose abode do (they) reach? That indeed tell, O knower of the field, considered by me.)
How do those whose merit is exhausted become there? My mind is exceedingly bewildered here. Of what kind, and to whose abode do they go? Please tell me that, O knower of the field, for I consider you thus. (01-85-3)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātir uvāca॥
[ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati (a proper noun; name of a king); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]
(Yayati spoke;)
Yayati spoke.
इमं भौमं नरकं ते पतन्ति; लालप्यमाना नरदेव सर्वे। ते कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थं; क्षीणा विवृद्धिं बहुधा व्रजन्ति ॥०१-८५-४॥
imaṃ bhaumaṃ narakaṃ te patanti; lālapyamānā naradeva sarve. te kaṅka-gomāyu-balāśanārthaṃ; kṣīṇā vivṛddhiṃ bahudhā vrajanti ॥01-85-4॥
[इमं (imaṃ) - this; भौमं (bhaumaṃ) - earthly; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; ते (te) - they; पतन्ति (patanti) - fall; लालप्यमाना (lālapyamānā) - greedily desiring; नरदेव (naradeva) - O king; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ते (te) - they; कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थं (kaṅka-gomāyu-balāśanārthaṃ) - for the sake of eating the flesh of vultures and jackals; क्षीणा (kṣīṇā) - depleted; विवृद्धिं (vivṛddhiṃ) - increase; बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways; व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - they go;]
(This earthly hell they fall, greedily desiring, O king, all. They, for the sake of eating the flesh of vultures and jackals, depleted, increase in many ways, they go.)
All these, greedily desiring, O king, fall into this earthly hell. Depleted, they go in many ways for the sake of eating the flesh of vultures and jackals, seeking an increase. (01-85-4)
तस्मादेतद्वर्जनीयं नरेण; दुष्टं लोके गर्हणीयं च कर्म। आख्यातं ते पार्थिव सर्वमेत; द्भूयश्चेदानीं वद किं ते वदामि ॥०१-८५-५॥
tasmādetadvarjanīyaṃ nareṇa; duṣṭaṃ loke garhaṇīyaṃ ca karma. ākhyātaṃ te pārthiva sarvameta; dbhūyaścedānīṃ vada kiṃ te vadāmi ॥01-85-5॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; एतत् (etat) - this; वर्जनीयं (varjanīyam) - to be avoided; नरेण (nareṇa) - by a man; दुष्टं (duṣṭam) - wicked; लोके (loke) - in the world; गर्हणीयं (garhaṇīyam) - blameworthy; च (ca) - and; कर्म (karma) - action; आख्यातं (ākhyātam) - has been told; ते (te) - to you; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; एतद् (etat) - this; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; च (ca) - and; इदानीम् (idānīm) - now; वद (vada) - tell; किम् (kim) - what; ते (te) - to you; वदामि (vadāmi) - shall I say;]
(Therefore, this is to be avoided by a man; wicked, in the world, blameworthy and action. Has been told to you, O king, all this; again now, tell, what to you shall I say.)
Therefore, this action, being wicked and blameworthy in the world, should be avoided by a man. All this has been told to you, O king; now, if you wish, tell me, what more shall I say to you? (01-85-5)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said.)
Aṣṭaka said.
यदा तु तान्वितुदन्ते वयांसि; तथा गृध्राः शितिकण्ठाः पतङ्गाः। कथं भवन्ति कथमाभवन्ति; न भौममन्यं नरकं शृणोमि ॥०१-८५-६॥
yadā tu tān vitudante vayāṃsi; tathā gṛdhrāḥ śitikaṇṭhāḥ pataṅgāḥ. kathaṃ bhavanti kathamābhavanti; na bhaumam anyaṃ narakaṃ śṛṇomi ॥01-85-6॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; तु (tu) - but; तान् (tān) - them; वितुदन्ते (vitudante) - assail; वयांसि (vayāṃsi) - birds; तथा (tathā) - likewise; गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures; शितिकण्ठाः (śitikaṇṭhāḥ) - white-throated birds; पतङ्गाः (pataṅgāḥ) - moths; कथम् (katham) - how; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become; कथम (katham) - how; आभवन्ति (ābhavanti) - they come into being; न (na) - not; भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly; अन्यम् (anyam) - any other; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear;]
(When but them assail birds; likewise vultures, white-throated birds, moths. How they become, how they come into being; not earthly any other hell I hear.)
But when the birds attack them, likewise vultures, white-throated birds, and moths, how do they suffer, how do they come to be? I have not heard of any hell on earth other than this. (01-85-6)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātir uvāca॥
[ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayati; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(King Yayati said;)
King Yayati said.
ऊर्ध्वं देहात्कर्मणो जृम्भमाणा; द्व्यक्तं पृथिव्यामनुसञ्चरन्ति। इमं भौमं नरकं ते पतन्ति; नावेक्षन्ते वर्षपूगाननेकान् ॥०१-८५-७॥
ūrdhvaṃ dehāt karmaṇo jṛmbhamāṇā; dvyaktaṃ pṛthivyām anusañcaranti. imaṃ bhaumaṃ narakaṃ te patanti; nāvekṣante varṣapūgān anekān ॥01-85-7॥
[ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṃ) - upwards; देहात् (dehāt) - from the body; कर्मणो (karmaṇo) - of action; जृम्भमाणा (jṛmbhamāṇā) - expanding; द्व्यक्तं (dvyaktaṃ) - manifesting in two (forms); पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth; अनुसञ्चरन्ति (anusañcaranti) - move about; इमं (imaṃ) - this; भौमं (bhaumaṃ) - earthly; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; ते (te) - they; पतन्ति (patanti) - fall; न (na) - not; अवेक्षन्ते (avekṣante) - consider; वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - multitudes of years; अनेकान् (anekān) - many;]
(Upwards from the body of action, expanding; manifesting in two forms, on the earth they move about. Into this earthly hell they fall; they do not consider many multitudes of years.)
As actions leave the body, expanding upwards, they manifest in two forms and move about on the earth. They fall into this earthly hell and do not even consider the passing of many, many years. (01-85-7)
षष्टिं सहस्राणि पतन्ति व्योम्नि; तथा अशीतिं परिवत्सराणि। तान्वै तुदन्ति प्रपततः प्रपातं; भीमा भौमा राक्षसास्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः ॥०१-८५-८॥
ṣaṣṭiṃ sahasrāṇi patanti vyomni; tathā aśītiṃ parivatsarāṇi। tān vai tudanti prapatataḥ prapātaṃ; bhīmā bhaumā rākṣasās tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrāḥ ॥01-85-8॥
[षष्टिं (ṣaṣṭiṃ) - sixty; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; पतन्ति (patanti) - fall; व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अशीतिं (aśītiṃ) - eighty; परिवत्सराणि (parivatsarāṇi) - years; तान् (tān) - them; वै (vai) - indeed; तुदन्ति (tudanti) - pierce; प्रपततः (prapatataḥ) - falling; प्रपातं (prapātaṃ) - to the fall; भीमा (bhīmā) - terrible; भौमा (bhaumā) - earth-born; राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rākṣasas; तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः (tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrāḥ) - with sharp fangs;]
(Sixty thousands fall in the sky; likewise, eighty years. Them indeed pierce, falling to the fall, the terrible earth-born rākṣasas with sharp fangs.)
Sixty thousand fall in the sky, and likewise for eighty years. As they fall, the terrible earth-born rākṣasas with sharp fangs indeed attack them while they are falling. (01-85-8)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said)
Aṣṭaka said.
यदेनसस्ते पततस्तुदन्ति; भीमा भौमा राक्षसास्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः। कथं भवन्ति कथमाभवन्ति; कथम्भूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति ॥०१-८५-९॥
yad enasas te patatas tudanti; bhīmā bhaumā rākṣasās tīkṣṇa-daṃṣṭrāḥ. kathaṃ bhavanti kathamābhavanti; katham-bhūtā garbha-bhūtā bhavanti ॥01-85-9॥
[यत् (yat) - which; एनसः (enasas) - of sin; ते (te) - they; पततः (patatas) - falling; तुदन्ति (tudanti) - strike; भीमाः (bhīmāḥ) - terrible; भौमाः (bhaumāḥ) - earthly; राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rākṣasas (demons); तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः (tīkṣṇa-daṃṣṭrāḥ) - with sharp fangs; कथम् (katham) - how; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - do they become; कथम् (katham) - how; आभवन्ति (ābhavanti) - come into being; कथम् (katham) - how; भूता (bhūtā) - creatures; गर्भभूता (garbha-bhūtā) - become womb-inhabiting; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - do they become;]
(Which, of sin, they, falling, strike; terrible, earthly, rākṣasas (demons), with sharp fangs. How do they become? How do they come into being? How, as creatures, as womb-inhabiting, do they become?)
When those sinful ones fall, terrible earthly rākṣasas with sharp fangs strike them. How do they become so? How do they arise? How do they, as creatures born in the womb, come into being? (01-85-9)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātiruvāca॥
[ययाति (yayāti) - King Yayāti; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(King Yayāti said;)
King Yayāti said.
अस्रं रेतः पुष्पफलानुपृक्त; मन्वेति तद्वै पुरुषेण सृष्टम्। स वै तस्या रज आपद्यते वै; स गर्भभूतः समुपैति तत्र ॥०१-८५-१०॥
asraṁ retaḥ puṣpaphalānupṛkta; manveti tadvai puruṣeṇa sṛṣṭam। sa vai tasyā raja āpadyate vai; sa garbhabhūtaḥ samupaiti tatra ॥01-85-10॥
[अस्रं (asraṁ) - blood; रेतः (retaḥ) - seed; पुष्पफलानुपृक्त (puṣpaphalānupṛkta) - joined with flower and fruit; मन्वेति (manveti) - it is thought; तत् (tat) - that; वै (vai) - indeed; पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by the man; सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created; स (sa) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; तस्या (tasyā) - of her; रज (raja) - menstrual blood; आपद्यते (āpadyate) - attains; वै (vai) - indeed; स (sa) - he; गर्भभूतः (garbhabhūtaḥ) - having become the embryo; समुपैति (samupaiti) - approaches; तत्र (tatra) - there;]
(Blood, seed, joined with flower and fruit; it is thought that indeed that is created by the man. He indeed attains her menstrual blood; he, having become the embryo, approaches there.)
Blood and seed, together with flower and fruit, are considered to be created by the man. That (seed) indeed merges with her menstrual blood; then, having become an embryo, he enters there. (01-85-10)
वनस्पतींश्चौषधीश्चाविशन्ति; अपो वायुं पृथिवीं चान्तरिक्षम्। चतुष्पदं द्विपदं चापि सर्व; मेवम्भूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति ॥०१-८५-११॥
vanaspatīṁś ca auṣadhīś ca āviśanti; apo vāyuṁ pṛthivīṁ ca antarikṣam। catuṣpadam dvipadam ca api sarvam eva am-bhūtā garbha-bhūtā bhavanti॥01-85-11॥
[वनस्पतीन् (vanaspatīn) - trees; च (ca) - and; औषधीन् (auṣadhīn) - herbs; च (ca) - and; आविशन्ति (āviśanti) - enter; अपः (apaḥ) - waters; वायुम् (vāyum) - air; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth; च (ca) - and; अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - atmosphere; चतुष्पदम् (catuṣpadam) - quadruped; द्विपदम् (dvipadam) - biped; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; अम्बूताः (am-bhūtāḥ) - these beings; गर्भभूताः (garbha-bhūtāḥ) - embryonic beings; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become;]
(trees and herbs enter; waters, air, earth, and atmosphere. quadruped, biped and also all indeed, these beings, embryonic beings become.)
Trees and herbs enter the waters, the air, the earth, and the atmosphere; all four-footed and two-footed beings, as well as everything, indeed, these beings become as embryos. (01-85-11)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said;)
Aṣṭaka said.
अन्यद्वपुर्विदधातीह गर्भ; उताहो स्वित्स्वेन कामेन याति। आपद्यमानो नरयोनिमेता; माचक्ष्व मे संशयात्प्रब्रवीमि ॥०१-८५-१२॥
anyadvapūrvidadhātīha garbha; utāho svitsvena kāmena yāti. āpadyamāno narayonimetā; mācakṣva me saṃśayātprabravīmi ॥01-85-12॥
[अन्यत् वपुः (anyat vapuḥ) - another body; विधाति इह (vidhāti iha) - assumes here; गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - the embryo; उतो अहो स्वित् (uto aho svit) - or perhaps; स्वेन कामेन (svena kāmena) - by its own desire; याति (yāti) - goes (enters); आपद्यमानः (āpadyamānaḥ) - when falling into; नर-योनिम् (nara-yonim) - human womb; एताम् (etām) - this; माचक्ष्व (mācakṣva) - please tell; मे (me) - me; संशयात् (saṃśayāt) - from doubt; प्रब्रवीमि (prabravīmi) - I ask;]
(Whether the embryo here assumes another body or perhaps goes by its own desire; when falling into this human womb, please tell me from doubt, I ask.)
Please tell me and resolve my doubt: does the embryo here assume a different body, or does it enter the human womb by its own will? (01-85-12)
शरीरदेहादिसमुच्छ्रयं च; चक्षुःश्रोत्रे लभते केन सञ्ज्ञाम्। एतत्तत्त्वं सर्वमाचक्ष्व पृष्टः; क्षेत्रज्ञं त्वां तात मन्याम सर्वे ॥०१-८५-१३॥
śarīradehādisamucchrayaṃ ca; cakṣuḥśrotre labhate kena sañjñām। etattattvaṃ sarvamācakṣva pṛṣṭaḥ; kṣetrajñaṃ tvāṃ tāta manyāma sarve ॥01-85-13॥
[शरीर (śarīra) - body; देहादि (dehādi) - body and so on; समुच्छ्रयं (samucchrayaṃ) - collection; च (ca) - and; चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; श्रोत्रे (śrotre) - ear; लभते (labhate) - attains; केन (kena) - by what; सञ्ज्ञाम् (sañjñām) - designation; एतत्तत्त्वं (etat-tattvaṃ) - this reality; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - speak; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; क्षेत्रज्ञम् (kṣetrajñam) - knower of the field; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; तात (tāta) - dear one; मन्याम (manyāma) - we consider; सर्वे (sarve) - all;]
(Body, body and so on, collection and; eye, ear, attains by what designation? This reality all speak (you), asked; knower of the field you, dear one, we consider all. (01-85-13))
Regarding the collection consisting of body and so on; by what does the eye and ear receive their designation? Tell us this entire reality; asked thus, all of us, dear one, consider you to be the knower of the field. (01-85-13)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātiruvāca॥
[ययाति (yayāti) - Yayati (proper name, a king); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yayati said;)
Yayati said;
वायुः समुत्कर्षति गर्भयोनि; मृतौ रेतः पुष्परसानुपृक्तम्। स तत्र तन्मात्रकृताधिकारः; क्रमेण संवर्धयतीह गर्भम् ॥०१-८५-१४॥
vāyuḥ samutkarṣati garbhayoni; mṛtau retaḥ puṣparasānupṛktam. sa tatra tanmātrakṛtādhikāraḥ; krameṇa saṁvardhayatīha garbham ॥01-85-14॥
[वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; air; समुत्कर्षति (samutkarṣati) - lifts up; elevates; गर्भयोनि (garbhayoni) - womb; uterus; मृतौ (mṛtau) - at death; रेतः (retaḥ) - seed; semen; पुष्परसानुपृक्तम् (puṣparasānupṛktam) - intermingled with the essence of flowers; स (sa) - he; it; तत्र (tatra) - there; तन्मात्रकृताधिकारः (tanmātrakṛtādhikāraḥ) - having authority established by subtle elements; क्रमेण (krameṇa) - gradually; in order; संवर्धयति (saṁvardhayati) - nourishes; develops; इह (iha) - here; in this world; गर्भम् (garbham) - embryo; foetus;]
(Wind lifts up the womb; at death, the seed intermingled with the essence of flowers. He there, having authority established by the subtle elements, gradually nourishes here the embryo.)
The wind elevates the womb; at the time of death, the seed, mixed with the essence of flowers, is present. There, he, endowed with authority by the subtle elements, gradually nurtures the embryo here. (01-85-14)
स जायमानो विगृहीतगात्रः; षड्ज्ञाननिष्ठायतनो मनुष्यः। स श्रोत्राभ्यां वेदयतीह शब्दं; सर्वं रूपं पश्यति चक्षुषा च ॥०१-८५-१५॥
sa jāyamāno vigṛhītagātraḥ; ṣaḍjñānaniṣṭhāyatano manuṣyaḥ. sa śrotrābhyāṃ vedayatīha śabdaṃ; sarvaṃ rūpaṃ paśyati cakṣuṣā ca ॥01-85-15॥
[स (sa) - he; जायमानः (jāyamānaḥ) - being born; विगृहीतगात्रः (vigṛhītagātraḥ) - with members (body-parts) assumed; षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; ज्ञान (jñāna) - knowledges; निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - established; आयतनः (āyatanaḥ) - the abode; मनुष्यः (manuṣyaḥ) - man; स (sa) - he; श्रोत्राभ्याम् (śrotrābhyām) - by the two ears; वेदयति (vedayati) - perceives; इह (iha) - here; शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; चक्षुषा (cakṣuṣā) - by the eye; च (ca) - and;]
(He being born, with members assumed, the abode established in six knowledges, man; he by the two ears, perceives here sound; all form, sees by the eye and.)
When a man is born, assuming bodily members, being the seat of the six kinds of knowledge, he perceives sound here with both his ears and sees all forms with his eyes. (01-85-15)
घ्राणेन गन्धं जिह्वयाथो रसं च; त्वचा स्पर्शं मनसा वेद भावम्। इत्यष्टकेहोपचितिं च विद्धि; महात्मनः प्राणभृतः शरीरे ॥०१-८५-१६॥
ghrāṇena gandhaṃ jihvayātho rasaṃ ca; tvacā sparśaṃ manasā veda bhāvam. ityaṣṭakehopacitiṃ ca viddhi; mahātmanaḥ prāṇabhṛtaḥ śarīre ॥01-85-16॥
[घ्राणेन (ghrāṇena) - by the nose; गन्धम् (gandham) - smell; जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue; अथ (atho) - moreover; रसम् (rasam) - taste; च (ca) - and; त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin; स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch; मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; वेद (veda) - knows; भावम् (bhāvam) - mental state; इति (iti) - thus; अष्टकेह (aṣṭakeha) - with these eight (senses and objects of senses); उपचितिम् (upacitim) - accumulation; च (ca) - and; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled; प्राणभृतः (prāṇabhṛtaḥ) - of the living being; शरीरे (śarīre) - in the body;]
(By the nose, smell; by the tongue, moreover, taste and; by the skin, touch; by the mind, knows mental state. Thus, with these eight (senses and objects of senses), and accumulation, know, of the great-souled, of the living being, in the body.)
Know thus that in the body of the great-souled living being, there is an accumulation of eight—smell by the nose, taste by the tongue, touch by the skin, and mental perceptions by the mind. (01-85-16)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Aṣṭaka (proper noun; name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Aṣṭaka said;)
Aṣṭaka said.
यः संस्थितः पुरुषो दह्यते वा; निखन्यते वापि निघृष्यते वा। अभावभूतः स विनाशमेत्य; केनात्मानं चेतयते पुरस्तात् ॥०१-८५-१७॥
yaḥ saṃsthitaḥ puruṣo dahyate vā; nikhanyate vāpi nighṛṣyate vā. abhāvabhūtaḥ sa vināśam etya; kena ātmānam cetayate purastāt ॥01-85-17॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; संस्थितः (saṃsthitaḥ) - settled; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; दह्यते (dahyate) - is burned; वा (vā) - or; निखन्यते (nikhanyate) - is buried; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; निघृष्यते (nighṛṣyate) - is pounded; वा (vā) - or; अभावभूतः (abhāvabhūtaḥ) - having become non-existent; सः (saḥ) - he; विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction; एत्य (etya) - attaining; केन (kena) - by what; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self; चेतयते (cetayate) - perceives; पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - before;]
(Who, the settled person, is burned or is buried or even is pounded or, having become non-existent, he attaining destruction, by what (means) self perceives before?)
That person who, after being settled, is burned, buried, or even pounded, and, having become non-existent, attains destruction—by what does he perceive his self thereafter? (01-85-17)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayātir uvāca॥
[ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayati; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(King Yayati said;)
King Yayati said.
हित्वा सोऽसून्सुप्तवन्निष्टनित्वा; पुरोधाय सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च। अन्यां योनिं पवनाग्रानुसारी; हित्वा देहं भजते राजसिंह ॥०१-८५-१८॥
hitvā so'sūn suptavat niṣṭanitvā; purodhāya sukṛtaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ ca. anyāṃ yoniṃ pavanāgra-anusārī; hitvā dehaṃ bhajate rājasiṃha ॥01-85-18॥
[हित्वा (hitvā) - having left behind; स: (saḥ) - he; असून् (asūn) - vital airs (life-forces); सुप्तवत् (suptavat) - like one asleep; निष्टनित्वा (niṣṭanitvā) - having groaned; पुरोधाय (purodhāya) - having placed (actions) beforehand; सुकृतं (sukṛtam) - good deed; दुष्कृतं (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed; च (ca) - and; अन्यां (anyām) - another; योनिम् (yonim) - womb (birth); पवनाग्रानुसारी (pavanāgrānusārī) - following the foremost air (vital wind); हित्वा (hitvā) - having left behind; देहम् (deham) - body; भजते (bhajate) - attains; राजसिंह (rājasiṃha) - O king of kings;]
(Having left behind the vital airs, he, like one asleep, having groaned, having placed good and evil deeds beforehand, another womb following the foremost wind, having left behind the body, attains, O king.)
O king, having left behind the vital airs like one asleep after groaning, and having deposited his good and evil actions, following the foremost life-current, he casts off the body and attains another birth. (01-85-18)
पुण्यां योनिं पुण्यकृतो व्रजन्ति; पापां योनिं पापकृतो व्रजन्ति। कीटाः पतङ्गाश्च भवन्ति पापा; न मे विवक्षास्ति महानुभाव ॥०१-८५-१९॥
puṇyāṃ yoniṃ puṇyakṛto vrajanti; pāpāṃ yoniṃ pāpakṛto vrajanti. kīṭāḥ pataṅgāś ca bhavanti pāpā; na me vivakṣāsti mahānubhāva ॥01-85-19॥
[पुण्यां (puṇyāṃ) - auspicious (spiritual merit fulfilling); योनिं (yoniṃ) - womb (birth source); पुण्यकृतः (puṇyakṛtaḥ) - doers of virtue; व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - go (enter); पापां (pāpāṃ) - sinful; योनिं (yoniṃ) - womb (birth source); पापकृतः (pāpakṛtaḥ) - doers of sin; व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - go (enter); कीटाः (kīṭāḥ) - worms; पतङ्गाः (pataṅgāḥ) - insects; च (ca) - and; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; पापाः (pāpāḥ) - the sinful ones; न (na) - not; मे (me) - my; विवक्षा (vivakṣā) - wish to speak; अस्ति (asti) - is; महानुभाव (mahānubhāva) - O eminent one;]
(Auspicious womb (is attained by) doers of virtue go; sinful womb (is attained by) doers of sin go. Worms and insects become the sinful ones; not my wish to speak is, O eminent one. (01-85-19))
Doers of virtue attain auspicious births; doers of sin attain sinful births. The sinful ones become worms and insects; O eminent one, I have no wish to speak (further). (01-85-19)
चतुष्पदा द्विपदाः षट्पदाश्च; तथाभूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति। आख्यातमेतन्निखिलेन सर्वं; भूयस्तु किं पृच्छसि राजसिंह ॥०१-८५-२०॥
catuṣpadā dvipadāḥ ṣaṭpadāś ca; tathābhūtā garbhabhūtā bhavanti। ākhyātam etan nikhilena sarvaṃ; bhūyas tu kiṃ pṛcchasi rājasiṃha॥01-85-20॥
[चतुष्पदाः (catuṣpadāḥ) - four-footed beings; द्विपदाः (dvipadāḥ) - two-footed beings; षट्पदाः (ṣaṭpadāḥ) - six-footed beings; च (ca) - and; तथाभूताः (tathābhūtāḥ) - of such kind; गर्भभूताः (garbhabhūtāḥ) - those that are in the womb; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - exist; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - declared; एतत् (etat) - this; निखिलेन (nikhilena) - in entirety; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further; तु (tu) - but; किम् (kim) - what; पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - do you ask; राजसिंह (rājasiṃha) - O lion among kings;]
(Four-footed beings, two-footed beings, and six-footed beings; of such kind, those that are in the womb exist. Declared this in entirety all; further but what do you ask, O lion among kings (01-85-20))
Four-footed, two-footed, and six-footed beings — such kinds exist even in the womb. All this has been explained in full; what more do you ask, O lion among kings? (01-85-20)
अष्टक उवाच॥
aṣṭaka uvāca॥
[अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Ashtaka; name of a sage; उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Ashtaka said;)
Ashtaka said.
किं स्वित्कृत्वा लभते तात लोका; न्मर्त्यः श्रेष्ठांस्तपसा विद्यया वा। तन्मे पृष्टः शंस सर्वं यथाव; ч्छुभाँल्लोकान्येन गच्छेत्क्रमेण ॥०१-८५-२१॥
kiṁ svitkṛtvā labhate tāta lokānmartyaḥ śreṣṭhāṁstapasā vidyayā vā. tanme pṛṣṭaḥ śaṁsa sarvaṁ yathāva cchubhāṁllokānyena gacchetkrameṇa ॥01-85-21॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; स्वित्कृत्वा (svitkṛtvā) - indeed having done; लभते (labhate) - obtains; तात (tāta) - O dear one; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal; श्रेष्ठान् (śreṣṭhān) - best; तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; शंस (śaṁsa) - tell; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; यथावत् (yathāvat) - as is proper; शुभान् (śubhān) - auspicious; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; येन (yena) - by which; गच्छेत् (gacchet) - one may go; क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in due order;]
(What indeed having done does a mortal, O dear one, obtain the best worlds; by asceticism or by knowledge? That, being asked, tell me all as is proper; by which auspicious worlds one may go in order.)
O dear one, by performing what does a mortal obtain the best worlds—by asceticism or by knowledge? Tell me completely, as I ask you: in what way may one reach those auspicious worlds, step by step. (01-85-21)
ययातिरुवाच॥
yayyātiruvāca॥
[ययाति (yayyāti) - Yayati; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yayati said;)
Yayati said.
तपश्च दानं च शमो दमश्च; ह्रीरार्जवं सर्वभूतानुकम्पा। नश्यन्ति मानेन तमोऽभिभूताः; पुंसः सदैवेति वदन्ति सन्तः ॥०१-८५-२२॥
tapaś ca dānaṃ ca śamo damaś ca; hrīr ārjavaṃ sarvabhūtānukampā। naśyanti mānena tamo'bhibhūtāḥ; puṃsaḥ sadaiveti vadanti santaḥ ॥01-85-22॥
[तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; च (ca) - and; दानम् (dānam) - charity; च (ca) - and; शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; च (ca) - and; ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - uprightness; सर्वभूतानुकम्पा (sarvabhūtānukampā) - compassion for all beings; नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are destroyed; मानेन (mānena) - by pride; तमः-अभिभूताः (tamaḥ-abhibhūtāḥ) - overcome by darkness; पुंसः (puṃsaḥ) - of a person; सदैव (sadaiva) - always; इति (iti) - thus; वदन्ति (vadanti) - say; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the wise;]
(Austerity and charity and tranquility, and self-restraint and modesty, uprightness, compassion for all beings are destroyed by pride, overcome by darkness, of a person always—thus say the wise.)
The wise say that austerity, charity, tranquility, self-restraint, modesty, uprightness, and compassion for all beings are always destroyed by pride when a person is overcome by darkness. (01-85-22)
अधीयानः पण्डितं मन्यमानो; यो विद्यया हन्ति यशः परेषाम्। तस्यान्तवन्तश्च भवन्ति लोका; न चास्य तद्ब्रह्म फलं ददाति ॥०१-८५-२३॥
adhīyānaḥ paṇḍitaṃ manyamānaḥ; yo vidyayā hanti yaśaḥ pareṣām. tasyāntavantaś ca bhavanti lokā; na cāsya tadbrahma phalaṃ dadāti ॥01-85-23॥
[अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - one studying; पण्डितं (paṇḍitam) - a wise man; मन्यमानः (manyamānaḥ) - considering; यः (yaḥ) - who; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; यशः (yaśaḥ) - the fame; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; तस्य (tasya) - his; अन्तवन्तः (antavantaḥ) - limited; च (ca) - and; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - his; तद् (tad) - that; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; ददाति (dadāti) - gives;]
(One studying, considering (himself) a wise man; who by knowledge destroys the fame of others; for him limited are (his) worlds and not does that Brahman fruit give to him.)
He who studies, thinking himself wise, and uses knowledge to destroy the fame of others—his worlds become limited and that fruit of Brahman does not come to him. (01-85-23)
चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयङ्कराणि; भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि। मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं; मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः ॥०१-८५-२४॥
catvāri karmāṇy-abhayaṅkarāṇi; bhayaṃ prayacchanty-ayathākṛtāni. mān-āgnihotram-uta māna-maunaṃ; mānenādhītam-uta māna-yajñaḥ ॥01-85-24॥
[चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; अभयङ्कराणि (abhayaṅkarāṇi) - not-fearful; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - give; अयथाकृतानि (ayathākṛtāni) - not-properly/performed; मान (māna) - for respect; अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - Agnihotra; उत (uta) - and; मानमौनं (māna-maunaṃ) - for respect silence; मानेन (mānena) - with respect; अधीतम् (adhītam) - studied; उत (uta) - and; मानयज्ञः (māna-yajñaḥ) - respect-sacrifice;]
(Four actions that are not fearful give fear if not properly performed. The Agnihotra done for respect, and the silence for respect, the study with respect, and the sacrifice for respect.)
There are four actions that are not inherently dangerous, but if wrongly performed, they produce fear: Agnihotra performed for social regard, silence for respect, study for respect, and sacrifice for respect. (01-85-24)
न मान्यमानो मुदमाददीत; न सन्तापं प्राप्नुयाच्चावमानात्। सन्तः सतः पूजयन्तीह लोके; नासाधवः साधुबुद्धिं लभन्ते ॥०१-८५-२५॥
na mānyamāno mudamādadīta; na santāpaṃ prāpnuyāccāvamānāt. santaḥ sataḥ pūjayantīha loke; nāsādhavaḥ sādhu-buddhiṃ labhante ॥01-85-25॥
[न (na) - not; मान्यमानः (mānyamānaḥ) - being respected; one honored; मुदम् (mudam) - delight; joy; आददीत (ādadīta) - should take; should receive; न (na) - not; सन्तापम् (santāpam) - grief; distress; प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - should obtain; should get; च (ca) - and; अवमानात् (avamānāt) - from insult; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous; good people; सतः (sataḥ) - those who are virtuous; of the good; पूजयन्ति (pūjayanti) - honor; respect; इह (iha) - here; in this world; लोके (loke) - in the world; न (na) - not; असाधवः (asādhavaḥ) - wicked; bad people; साधुबुद्धिम् (sādhu-buddhim) - good intention; noble thought; लभन्ते (labhante) - attain; obtain;]
(One being respected should not take delight; nor should one obtain distress from insult. The virtuous honor the virtuous here in the world; wicked do not attain noble thought.)
One should not feel delighted when honored, nor distressed when insulted. The virtuous honor the virtuous in this world; the wicked do not acquire noble thoughts. (01-85-25)
इति दद्यादिति यजेदित्यधीयीत मे व्रतम्। इत्यस्मिन्नभयान्याहुस्तानि वर्ज्यानि नित्यशः ॥०१-८५-२६॥
iti dadyād iti yajed iti adhīyīta me vratam। ity asminn abhayāni āhuḥ tāni varjyāni nityaśaḥ ॥01-85-26॥
[इति (iti) - thus; दद्यात्म् (dadyāt) - should give; इति (iti) - thus; यजेत् (yajet) - should worship; इति (iti) - thus; अधीषीत (adhīyīta) - should study; मे (me) - my; व्रतम् (vratam) - vow; इति (iti) - thus; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; अभयानि (abhayāni) - harmless (actions); आहु: (āhuḥ) - they say; तानि (tāni) - those; वर्ज्यानि (varjyāni) - to be avoided; नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - always;]
(Thus, "should give", thus, "should worship", thus, "should study": my vow. Thus, in this, they call harmless (actions) those which are to be avoided always.)
Thus, ‘one should give’, ‘one should worship’, ‘one should study’ — this is my vow. In this regard, they say those acts which cause harm should always be avoided. (01-85-26)
येनाश्रयं वेदयन्ते पुराणं; मनीषिणो मानसमानभक्तम्। तन्निःश्रेयस्तैजसं रूपमेत्य; परां शान्तिं प्राप्नुयुः प्रेत्य चेह ॥०१-८५-२७॥
yenāśrayaṃ vedayante purāṇaṃ; manīṣiṇo mānasamāna-bhaktam. tan-niḥśreyas-taijasaṃ rūpam etya; parāṃ śāntiṃ prāpnuyuḥ pretya ceha ॥01-85-27॥
[येनाश्रयं (yena āśrayam) - by which support; वेदयन्ते (vedayante) - know; पुराणं (purāṇam) - ancient; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; मानसमानभक्तम् (mānasamāna-bhaktam) - equal devotion with the mind; तत् (tat) - that; निःश्रेयस् (niḥśreyas) - the highest good; तैजसम् (taijasam) - radiant; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; एत्य (etya) - having attained; पराम् (parām) - supreme; शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace; प्राप्नुयुः (prāpnuyuḥ) - may attain; प्रेत्य (pretya) - having departed (after death); च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here;]
(By which support the wise know the ancient (principle), with devotion equal with the mind; that highest good, radiant form, having attained, supreme peace may attain, having departed and here.)
Those wise ones who, with devotion of the mind, realize the ancient essence which is their support—attaining that supreme luminous form, they reach the highest peace, both after departing and here itself. (01-85-27)
