05.035
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
ब्रूहि भूयो महाबुद्धे धर्मार्थसहितं वचः। शृण्वतो नास्ति मे तृप्तिर्विचित्राणीह भाषसे ॥५-३५-१॥
brūhi bhūyo mahābuddhe dharmārthasahitaṃ vacaḥ। śṛṇvato nāsti me tṛptirvicitrāṇīha bhāṣase ॥5-35-1॥
[ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; महाबुद्धे (mahābuddhe) - O great wise one; धर्मार्थसहितं (dharmārthasahitaṃ) - with the meaning of dharma; वचः (vacaḥ) - words; शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - listening; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - is; मे (me) - my; तृप्तिः (tṛptiḥ) - satisfaction; विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - wonderful; इह (iha) - here; भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak;]
(Speak again, O great wise one, words with the meaning of dharma. Listening, there is no satisfaction for me; you speak wonderful things here.)
O great wise one, please speak again words that convey the meaning of dharma. I find no satisfaction in listening; you speak of wonderful things here.
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vidura said:)
Vidura spoke:
सर्वतीर्थेषु वा स्नानं सर्वभूतेषु चार्जवम्। उभे एते समे स्यातामार्जवं वा विशिष्यते ॥५-३५-२॥
sarvatīrtheṣu vā snānaṃ sarvabhūteṣu cārjavam। ubhe ete same syātāmārjavaṃ vā viśiṣyate ॥5-35-2॥
[सर्वतीर्थेषु (sarvatīrtheṣu) - in all sacred places; वा (vā) - or; स्नानं (snānam) - bathing; सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings; च (ca) - and; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - honesty; उभे (ubhe) - both; एते (ete) - these; समे (same) - equal; स्याताम् (syātām) - may be; आर्जवं (ārjavam) - honesty; वा (vā) - or; विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is superior;]
(Bathing in all sacred places or honesty among all beings; both these may be equal, or honesty is superior.)
Bathing in all sacred places and being honest among all beings are considered equal, but honesty is regarded as superior.
आर्जवं प्रतिपद्यस्व पुत्रेषु सततं विभो। इह कीर्तिं परां प्राप्य प्रेत्य स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि ॥५-३५-३॥
ārjavaṁ pratipadyasva putreṣu satataṁ vibho। iha kīrtiṁ parāṁ prāpya pretya svargamavāpsyasi ॥5-35-3॥
[आर्जवं (ārjavam) - honesty; प्रतिपद्यस्व (pratipadyasva) - adopt; पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among sons; सततं (satataṁ) - always; विभो (vibho) - O lord; इह (iha) - here; कीर्तिं (kīrtim) - fame; परां (parām) - supreme; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; अवाप्स्यसि (avāpsyasi) - you will attain;]
(Adopt honesty among sons always, O lord; here, having obtained supreme fame, after death you will attain heaven.)
O lord, always adopt honesty among your sons; here, by achieving supreme fame, you will attain heaven after death.
यावत्कीर्तिर्मनुष्यस्य पुण्या लोकेषु गीयते। तावत्स पुरुषव्याघ्र स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥५-३५-४॥
yāvatkīrtirmanuṣyasya puṇyā lokeṣu gīyate। tāvatsa puruṣavyāghra svargaloke mahīyate ॥5-35-4॥
[यावत् (yāvat) - as long as; कीर्तिः (kīrtiḥ) - fame; मनुष्यस्य (manuṣyasya) - of a person; पुण्या (puṇyā) - virtuous; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds; गीयते (gīyate) - is sung; तावत् (tāvat) - so long; सः (saḥ) - he; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men; स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the heavenly world; महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored;]
(As long as a person's virtuous fame is sung in the worlds, O tiger among men, so long is he honored in the heavenly world.)
A person's virtuous fame, when celebrated in the world, ensures that he is honored in heaven, O noble one.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। विरोचनस्य संवादं केशिन्यर्थे सुधन्वना ॥५-३५-५॥
Atrāpyudāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। Virocanasya saṃvādaṃ keśinyarthe sudhanvanā ॥5-35-5॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासं (itihāsaṃ) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; विरोचनस्य (virocanasya) - of Virocana; संवादं (saṃvādaṃ) - dialogue; केशिनि (keśini) - for Kesini; अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of; सुधन्वना (sudhanvanā) - by Sudhanvan; ॥५-३५-५॥ (॥5-35-5॥) - (verse number);]
(Here they also cite this ancient history: the dialogue of Virocana for the sake of Kesini by Sudhanvan.)
Here is an ancient story that is often cited: the conversation between Virocana and Sudhanvan regarding Kesini.
केशिन्युवाच॥
keśinyuvāca॥
[केशिनि (keśini) - O Keśinī; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(O Keśinī said:)
Keśinī spoke:
किं ब्राह्मणाः स्विच्छ्रेयांसो दितिजाः स्विद्विरोचन। अथ केन स्म पर्यङ्कं सुधन्वा नाधिरोहति ॥५-३५-६॥
kiṁ brāhmaṇāḥ svicchreyāṁso ditijāḥ svidvirocana। atha kena sma paryaṅkaṁ sudhanvā nādhirohati ॥5-35-6॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins; स्वित् (svit) - indeed; श्रेयांसः (śreyāṁsaḥ) - better; दितिजाः (ditijāḥ) - sons of Diti; स्वित् (svit) - indeed; विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; अथ (atha) - then; केन (kena) - by whom; स्म (sma) - indeed; पर्यङ्कं (paryaṅkaṁ) - bed; सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvan; न (na) - not; अधिरोहति (adhirohati) - ascend;]
(What, are the Brahmins indeed better, or the sons of Diti, indeed Virocana? Then by whom indeed does Sudhanvan not ascend the bed?)
Are the Brahmins truly superior, or is it the sons of Diti, like Virocana? Then, who prevents Sudhanvan from ascending the bed?
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana said:
प्राजापत्या हि वै श्रेष्ठा वयं केशिनि सत्तमाः। अस्माकं खल्विमे लोकाः के देवाः के द्विजातयः ॥५-३५-७॥
prājāpatyā hi vai śreṣṭhā vayaṃ keśini sattamāḥ। asmākaṃ khalvime lokāḥ ke devāḥ ke dvijātayaḥ ॥5-35-7॥
[प्राजापत्या (prājāpatyā) - descendants of Prajapati; हि (hi) - indeed; वै (vai) - certainly; श्रेष्ठा (śreṣṭhā) - superior; वयम् (vayam) - we; केशिनि (keśini) - O Kesini; सत्तमाः (sattamāḥ) - the best; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; खलु (khalu) - indeed; इमे (ime) - these; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; के (ke) - who; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; के (ke) - who; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born;]
(Indeed, we, the descendants of Prajapati, are superior, O Kesini, the best. Indeed, these are our worlds, who are the gods, who are the twice-born.)
O Kesini, indeed we, the descendants of Prajapati, are considered superior. These worlds are ours, and we are the ones who are the gods and the twice-born.
केशिन्युवाच॥
keśinyuvāca॥
[केशिनी (keśinī) - Keśinī; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Keśinī said:)
Keśinī spoke:
इहैवास्स्व प्रतीक्षाव उपस्थाने विरोचन। सुधन्वा प्रातरागन्ता पश्येयं वां समागतौ ॥५-३५-८॥
ihaivāssva pratīkṣāva upasthāne virocanaḥ। sudhanvā prātarāgantā paśyeyaṃ vāṃ samāgatau ॥5-35-8॥
[इह (iha) - here; एव (eva) - indeed; अस्स्व (assva) - be; प्रतीक्षाव (pratīkṣāv) - waiting; उपस्थाने (upasthāne) - at the place; विरोचन (virocanaḥ) - Virocana; सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvan; प्रातरागन्ता (prātarāgantā) - will come in the morning; पश्येयं (paśyeyaṃ) - I may see; वां (vāṃ) - you both; समागतौ (samāgatau) - together;]
(Here indeed, be waiting at the place, Virocana. Sudhanvan will come in the morning. I may see you both together.)
"Stay here and wait at the place, Virocana. Sudhanvan will arrive in the morning, and I hope to see you both together."
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana spoke:
तथा भद्रे करिष्यामि यथा त्वं भीरु भाषसे। सुधन्वानं च मां चैव प्रातर्द्रष्टासि सङ्गतौ ॥५-३५-९॥
tathā bhadre kariṣyāmi yathā tvaṃ bhīru bhāṣase। sudhanvānaṃ ca māṃ caiva prātardraṣṭāsi saṅgatau ॥5-35-9॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; भद्रे (bhadre) - O auspicious one; करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi) - I will do; यथा (yathā) - as; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; भीरु (bhīru) - timid one; भाषसे (bhāṣase) - speak; सुधन्वानं (sudhanvānam) - Sudhanvan; च (ca) - and; मां (māṃ) - me; चैव (caiva) - also; प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning; द्रष्टासि (draṣṭāsi) - you will see; सङ्गतौ (saṅgatau) - together;]
(Thus, O auspicious one, I will do as you, timid one, speak. You will see Sudhanvan and me together in the morning.)
"O auspicious one, I will act according to your words. In the morning, you will see both Sudhanvan and me together."
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
अन्वालभे हिरण्मयं प्राह्रादेऽहं तवासनम्। एकत्वमुपसम्पन्नो न त्वासेयं त्वया सह ॥५-३५-१०॥
anvālabhe hiraṇmayaṃ prāhrāde'haṃ tavāsanam। ekatvamupasampanno na tvāseyaṃ tvayā saha ॥5-35-10॥
[अन्वालभे (anvālabhe) - I obtain; हिरण्मयम् (hiraṇmayam) - golden; प्राह्रादे (prāhrāde) - in the presence of Prahlada; अहम् (aham) - I; तव (tava) - your; आसनम् (āsanam) - seat; एकत्वम् (ekatvam) - oneness; उपसम्पन्नः (upasampannaḥ) - attained; न (na) - not; त्वा (tvā) - you; अस्यम् (asyam) - in this; त्वया (tvayā) - with you; सह (saha) - together;]
(I obtain your golden seat in the presence of Prahlada. Having attained oneness, I am not in this together with you.)
I have obtained your golden seat in the presence of Prahlada. Having attained oneness, I am not here together with you.
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana spoke:
अन्वाहरन्तु फलकं कूर्चं वाप्यथ वा बृसीम्। सुधन्वन्न त्वमर्होऽसि मया सह समासनम् ॥५-३५-११॥
anvāharantu phalakaṁ kūrcaṁ vāpyatha vā br̥sīm। sudhanvanna tvamarho'si mayā saha samāsanam ॥5-35-11॥
[अनु (anu) - after; आहरन्तु (āharantu) - bring; फलकं (phalakaṁ) - board; कूर्चं (kūrcaṁ) - mat; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; बृसीम् (br̥sīm) - seat; सुधन्वन् (sudhanvan) - Sudhanvan; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अर्हः (arhaḥ) - worthy; असि (asi) - are; मया (mayā) - with me; सह (saha) - together; समासनम् (samāsanam) - seat;]
(Let them bring a board, mat, or even a seat. O Sudhanvan, you are not worthy to sit together with me.)
Let them bring a board, mat, or even a seat. O Sudhanvan, you are not worthy to sit together with me.
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
पितापि ते समासीनमुपासीतैव मामधः। बालः सुखैधितो गेहे न त्वं किञ्चन बुध्यसे ॥५-३५-१२॥
pitāpi te samāsīnamupāsītaiva māmadhaḥ। bālaḥ sukhaidhito gehe na tvaṃ kiñcana budhyase ॥5-35-12॥
[पिता (pitā) - father; अपि (api) - also; ते (te) - your; समासीनम् (samāsīnam) - seated; उपासीत (upāsīta) - should worship; एव (eva) - indeed; माम् (mām) - me; अधः (adhaḥ) - below; बालः (bālaḥ) - child; सुखैधितः (sukhaidhitaḥ) - endowed with happiness; गेहे (gehe) - in the house; न (na) - not; त्वम् (tvam) - you; किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything; बुध्यसे (budhyase) - understand;]
(Your father, seated, should indeed worship me below. As a child endowed with happiness in the house, you do not understand anything.)
Your father should indeed worship me while seated below. As a happy child in the house, you do not understand anything.
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana spoke:
हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च यद्वित्तमसुरेषु नः। सुधन्वन्विपणे तेन प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥५-३५-१३॥
hiraṇyaṃ ca gavāśvaṃ ca yadvittamasureṣu naḥ। sudhanvanvipaṇe tena praśnaṃ pṛcchāva ye viduḥ ॥5-35-13॥
[हिरण्यं (hiraṇyam) - gold; च (ca) - and; गवाश्वं (gavāśvam) - cows and horses; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth; असुरेषु (asureṣu) - among the demons; नः (naḥ) - our; सुधन्वन् (sudhanvan) - O Sudhanvan; विपणे (vipaṇe) - in the market; तेन (tena) - by that; प्रश्नं (praśnam) - question; पृच्छाव (pṛcchāva) - we ask; ये (ye) - those who; विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]
(Gold and cows and horses, which is our wealth among the demons, O Sudhanvan, in the market, by that question we ask those who know.)
O Sudhanvan, we inquire in the market about the gold, cows, and horses, which are our wealth among the demons, by asking those who know.
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च तवैवास्तु विरोचन। प्राणयोस्तु पणं कृत्वा प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥५-३५-१४॥
hiraṇyaṃ ca gavāśvaṃ ca tavaivāstu virocana। prāṇayostu paṇaṃ kṛtvā praśnaṃ pṛcchāva ye viduḥ ॥5-35-14॥
[हिरण्यं (hiraṇyam) - gold; च (ca) - and; गवाश्वं (gavāśvam) - cows and horses; च (ca) - and; तवैव (tavaiva) - yours indeed; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives; तु (tu) - but; पणं (paṇam) - wager; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; प्रश्नं (praśnam) - question; पृच्छाव (pṛcchāva) - let us ask; ये (ye) - those who; विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]
(Let gold and cows and horses be yours indeed, Virocana. But having made a wager of lives, let us ask the question to those who know.)
Virocana, let the gold, cows, and horses be yours. However, let us wager our lives and ask the question to those who understand.
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana spoke:
आवां कुत्र गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते। न हि देवेष्वहं स्थाता न मनुष्येषु कर्हिचित् ॥५-३५-१५॥
āvāṁ kutra gamiṣyāvaḥ prāṇayorvipaṇe kṛte। na hi deveṣvahaṁ sthātā na manuṣyeṣu karhicit ॥5-35-15॥
[आवां (āvāṁ) - we two; कुत्र (kutra) - where; गमिष्यावः (gamiṣyāvaḥ) - shall go; प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives; विपणे (vipaṇe) - in the market; कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; देवेषु (deveṣu) - among gods; अहम् (aham) - I; स्थाता (sthātā) - shall remain; न (na) - not; मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among humans; कर्हिचित् (karhicit) - anywhere;]
(Where shall we two go for the sake of lives in the market? Indeed, I shall not remain among gods, nor anywhere among humans.)
"Where shall we two go to sell our lives? Indeed, I will not stay among the gods, nor anywhere among humans."
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
पितरं ते गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते। पुत्रस्यापि स हेतोर्हि प्रह्रादो नानृतं वदेत् ॥५-३५-१६॥
pitaraṁ te gamiṣyāvaḥ prāṇayorvipaṇe kṛte। putrasyāpi sa hetorhi prahrādo nānṛtaṁ vadet ॥5-35-16॥
[पितरं (pitaraṁ) - father; ते (te) - your; गमिष्यावः (gamiṣyāvaḥ) - we shall go; प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives; विपणे (vipaṇe) - in exchange; कृते (kṛte) - for the sake; पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son; अपि (api) - also; सः (saḥ) - he; हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the reason; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रह्रादः (prahrādaḥ) - Prahlada; न (na) - not; अनृतं (anṛtaṁ) - falsehood; वदेत् (vadet) - would speak;]
(For the sake of your father, we shall go in exchange for lives. Indeed, Prahlada would not speak falsehood for the reason of the son also.)
For the sake of your father, we shall go in exchange for lives. Indeed, Prahlada would not speak falsehood even for the sake of his son.
प्रह्राद उवाच॥
prahrāda uvāca॥
[प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Prahlada said:)
Prahlada said:
इमौ तौ सम्प्रदृश्येते याभ्यां न चरितं सह। आशीविषाविव क्रुद्धावेकमार्गमिहागतौ ॥५-३५-१७॥
imau tau sampradṛśyete yābhyāṃ na caritaṃ saha। āśīviṣāviva kruddhāvekāmārgamihāgatau ॥5-35-17॥
[इमौ (imau) - these two; तौ (tau) - those two; सम्प्रदृश्येते (sampradṛśyete) - are seen; याभ्यां (yābhyāṃ) - by whom; न (na) - not; चरितं (caritaṃ) - acted; सह (saha) - together; आशीविषौ (āśīviṣau) - like serpents; इव (iva) - like; क्रुद्धौ (kruddhau) - angry; एकमार्गम् (ekāmārgam) - one path; इह (iha) - here; आगतौ (āgatau) - arrived;]
(These two, by whom nothing was acted together, are seen like two angry serpents, arrived here on one path.)
These two individuals, who have never acted together, appear like two angry serpents that have arrived here on the same path.
किं वै सहैव चरतो न पुरा चरतः सह। विरोचनैतत्पृच्छामि किं ते सख्यं सुधन्वना ॥५-३५-१८॥
kiṁ vai sahaiva carato na purā carataḥ saha। virocanaitatpṛcchāmi kiṁ te sakhyaṁ sudhanvanā ॥5-35-18॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; वै (vai) - indeed; सहैव (sahaiva) - together; चरतो (carato) - moving; न (na) - not; पुरा (purā) - before; चरतः (carataḥ) - moving; सह (saha) - with; विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; एतत् (etat) - this; पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask; किं (kiṁ) - what; ते (te) - your; सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship; सुधन्वना (sudhanvanā) - with Sudhanvan; ॥५-३५-१८॥ (॥5-35-18॥) - (verse number);]
(What indeed, moving together, not before moving with Virocana, I ask this: what is your friendship with Sudhanvan?)
I ask you, Virocana, what is the nature of your friendship with Sudhanvan, given that you were not moving together before?
विरोचन उवाच॥
virocana uvāca॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Virocana said:)
Virocana spoke:
न मे सुधन्वना सख्यं प्राणयोर्विपणावहे। प्रह्राद तत्त्वां पृच्छामि मा प्रश्नमनृतं वदीः ॥५-३५-१९॥
na me sudhanvanā sakhyaṃ prāṇayorvipaṇāvahe। prahrāda tattvāṃ pṛcchāmi mā praśnamanṛtaṃ vadīḥ ॥5-35-19॥
[न (na) - not; मे (me) - my; सुधन्वना (sudhanvanā) - with Sudhanvan; सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship; प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives; विपणावहे (vipaṇāvahe) - we trade; प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; तत्त्वाम् (tattvām) - truth; पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask; मा (mā) - not; प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - false; वदीः (vadīḥ) - speak;]
(There is no friendship with Sudhanvan; we trade lives. Prahlada, I ask you the truth, do not speak a false question.)
There is no friendship with Sudhanvan; we exchange our lives. Prahlada, I ask you to tell the truth, do not speak falsely.
प्रह्राद उवाच॥
prahrāda uvāca॥
[प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Prahlada said:)
Prahlada said:
उदकं मधुपर्कं चाप्यानयन्तु सुधन्वने। ब्रह्मन्नभ्यर्चनीयोऽसि श्वेता गौः पीवरीकृता ॥५-३५-२०॥
udakaṁ madhuparkaṁ cāpyānayantu sudhanvane। brahmannabhyarcanīyo'si śvetā gauḥ pīvarīkṛtā ॥5-35-20॥
[उदकम् (udakam) - water; मधुपर्कम् (madhuparkam) - ceremonial offering; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; आनयन्तु (ānayantu) - let them bring; सुधन्वने (sudhanvane) - for Sudhanvan; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman; अभ्यर्चनीयः (abhyarcanīyaḥ) - worthy of worship; असि (asi) - you are; श्वेता (śvetā) - white; गौः (gauḥ) - cow; पीवरीकृता (pīvarīkṛtā) - made fat;]
(Let them bring water and the ceremonial offering for Sudhanvan. O Brahman, you are worthy of worship. The white cow has been made fat.)
"Bring water and the ceremonial offering for Sudhanvan. O Brahman, you are worthy of worship. The white cow has been made fat."
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
उदकं मधुपर्कं च पथ एवार्पितं मम। प्रह्राद त्वं तु नौ प्रश्नं तथ्यं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छतोः ॥५-३५-२१॥
udakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca patha evārpitaṁ mama। prahrāda tvaṁ tu nau praśnaṁ tathyaṁ prabrūhi pṛcchatoḥ ॥5-35-21॥
[उदकं (udakaṁ) - water; मधुपर्कं (madhuparkaṁ) - honey-mixture; च (ca) - and; पथ (patha) - on the path; एव (eva) - indeed; अर्पितं (arpitaṁ) - offered; मम (mama) - my; प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; तु (tu) - but; नौ (nau) - our; प्रश्नं (praśnaṁ) - question; तथ्यं (tathyaṁ) - truth; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - speak; पृच्छतोः (pṛcchatoḥ) - of the inquirers;]
(Water and honey-mixture are indeed offered on the path by me. Prahlada, you, however, speak the truth of our question, of the inquirers.)
Water and honey-mixture have been offered by me on the path. Prahlada, please answer truthfully the question we ask of you.
प्रह्राद उवाच॥
prahrāda uvāca॥
[प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Prahlada said:)
Prahlada spoke:
पुत्रो वान्यो भवान्ब्रह्मन्साक्ष्ये चैव भवेत्स्थितः। तयोर्विवदतोः प्रश्नं कथमस्मद्विधो वदेत् ॥५-३५-२२॥
putro vānyo bhavān brahman sākṣye caiva bhavet sthitaḥ। tayor vivadatoḥ praśnaṃ katham asmadvidho vadet ॥5-35-22॥
[पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; वा (vā) - or; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; भवान् (bhavān) - you; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman; साक्ष्ये (sākṣye) - in witness; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated; तयोः (tayoḥ) - of the two; विवदतोः (vivadatoḥ) - arguing; प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question; कथम् (katham) - how; अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - like me; वदेत् (vadet) - should speak;]
(The son or another, you, O Brahman, may indeed be situated as a witness. How should a person like me speak on the question of the two arguing?)
O Brahman, you or another son may indeed be a witness. How should someone like me address the question of the two disputing?
अथ यो नैव प्रब्रूयात्सत्यं वा यदि वानृतम्। एतत्सुधन्वन्पृच्छामि दुर्विवक्ता स्म किं वसेत् ॥५-३५-२३॥
atha yo naiva prabrūyātsatyaṃ vā yadi vānṛtam। etatsudhanvanpṛcchāmi durvivaktā sma kiṃ vaset ॥5-35-23॥
[अथ (atha) - now; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रब्रूयात् (prabrūyāt) - would speak; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; एतत् (etat) - this; सुधन्वन् (sudhanvan) - Sudhanvan; पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask; दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - poor speaker; स्म (sma) - indeed; किं (kiṃ) - what; वसेत् (vaset) - would dwell;]
(Now, who indeed would not speak the truth or if falsehood? This, O Sudhanvan, I ask: where indeed would a poor speaker dwell?)
Now, I ask you, Sudhanvan, where would a person who neither speaks the truth nor falsehood dwell?
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजितः। यां च भाराभितप्ताङ्गो दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥५-३५-२४॥
yāṃ rātrimadhivinnā strī yāṃ caivākṣaparājitaḥ। yāṃ ca bhārābhitaptāṅgo durvivaktā sma tāṃ vaset ॥5-35-24॥
[याम् (yām) - whom; रात्रिमधिविन्ना (rātrimadhivinnā) - distressed at night; स्त्री (strī) - woman; याम् (yām) - whom; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अक्षपराजितः (akṣaparājitaḥ) - defeated in gambling; याम् (yām) - whom; च (ca) - and; भाराभितप्ताङ्गः (bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ) - body afflicted by burden; दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - unable to speak properly; स्म (sma) - indeed; ताम् (tām) - her; वसेत् (vaset) - should live;]
(Whom distressed at night, a woman; whom indeed defeated in gambling; whom body afflicted by burden, unable to speak properly, indeed, her should live.)
A man should live with a woman who is distressed at night, who is indeed defeated in gambling, whose body is afflicted by burden, and who is unable to speak properly.
नगरे प्रतिरुद्धः सन्बहिर्द्वारे बुभुक्षितः। अमित्रान्भूयसः पश्यन्दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥५-३५-२५॥
nagare pratiruddhaḥ sanbahirdvāre bubhukṣitaḥ। amitrānbhūyasaḥ paśyandurvivaktā sma tāṃ vaset ॥5-35-25॥
[नगरे (nagare) - in the city; प्रतिरुद्धः (pratiruddhaḥ) - blocked; सन् (san) - being; बहि:द्वारे (bahiḥdvāre) - at the outer gate; बुभुक्षितः (bubhukṣitaḥ) - hungry; अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies; भूयसः (bhūyasaḥ) - many; पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing; दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - unable to speak; स्म (sma) - indeed; तां (tāṃ) - that; वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell;]
(Being blocked in the city, hungry at the outer gate, seeing many enemies, unable to speak, indeed, he should dwell there.)
He was trapped in the city, hungry at the outer gate, seeing many enemies, unable to speak, and indeed, he should dwell there.
पञ्च पश्वनृते हन्ति दश हन्ति गवानृते। शतमश्वानृते हन्ति सहस्रं पुरुषानृते ॥५-३५-२६॥
pañca paśvanṛte hanti daśa hanti gavānṛte। śatamaśvānṛte hanti sahasraṃ puruṣānṛte ॥5-35-26॥
[पञ्च (pañca) - five; पश्वनृते (paśvanṛte) - for the untruth of a cow; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; दश (daśa) - ten; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; गवानृते (gavānṛte) - for the untruth of a horse; शतम् (śatam) - hundred; अश्वानृते (aśvānṛte) - for the untruth of a horse; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; सहस्रं (sahasraṃ) - thousand; पुरुषानृते (puruṣānṛte) - for the untruth of a man;]
(Five kills for the untruth of a cow, ten kills for the untruth of a horse, a hundred kills for the untruth of a horse, a thousand kills for the untruth of a man.)
Telling a lie about a cow results in the death of five, about a horse results in the death of ten, about a hundred horses results in the death of a hundred, and about a man results in the death of a thousand.
हन्ति जातानजातांश्च हिरण्यार्थेऽनृतं वदन्। सर्वं भूम्यनृते हन्ति मा स्म भूम्यनृतं वदीः ॥५-३५-२७॥
hanti jātān ajātāṁś ca hiraṇyārthe'nṛtaṁ vadan। sarvaṁ bhūmy anṛte hanti mā sma bhūmy anṛtaṁ vadīḥ ॥5-35-27॥
[हन्ति (hanti) - kills; जातान् (jātān) - born; अजातान् (ajātān) - unborn; च (ca) - and; हिरण्यार्थे (hiraṇyārthe) - for the sake of gold; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; वदन् (vadan) - speaking; सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything; भूमि (bhūmi) - earth; अनृते (anṛte) - in falsehood; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; मा (mā) - do not; स्म (sma) - indeed; भूमि (bhūmi) - earth; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; वदीः (vadīḥ) - speak;]
(Speaking falsehood for the sake of gold kills both the born and the unborn. Everything on earth is destroyed by falsehood; do not speak falsehood on earth.)
Speaking falsehood for the sake of gold destroys both the born and the unborn. Everything on earth is destroyed by falsehood; therefore, do not speak falsehood on earth.
प्रह्राद उवाच॥
prahrāda uvāca॥
[प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Prahlada said:)
Prahlada said:
मत्तः श्रेयानङ्गिरा वै सुधन्वा त्वद्विरोचन। मातास्य श्रेयसी मातुस्तस्मात्त्वं तेन वै जितः ॥५-३५-२८॥
mattaḥ śreyānaṅgirā vai sudhanvā tvad-virocana। mātāsya śreyasī mātustasmāttvaṃ tena vai jitaḥ ॥5-35-28॥
[मत्तः (mattaḥ) - from me; श्रेयान् (śreyān) - better; अङ्गिरा (aṅgirā) - Aṅgirā; वै (vai) - indeed; सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvā; त्वत् (tvad) - than you; विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; माता (mātā) - mother; अस्य (asya) - his; श्रेयसी (śreyasī) - better; मातुः (mātuḥ) - than mother; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; तेन (tena) - by him; वै (vai) - indeed; जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered;]
(From me, Aṅgirā is indeed better, Sudhanvā, than you, Virocana. His mother is better than your mother; therefore, you are indeed conquered by him.)
Aṅgirā is superior to you, Virocana, as he comes from me. His mother is superior to your mother, hence you are defeated by him.
विरोचन सुधन्वायं प्राणानामीश्वरस्तव। सुधन्वन्पुनरिच्छामि त्वया दत्तं विरोचनम् ॥५-३५-२९॥
virocana sudhanvāyaṃ prāṇānāmīśvarastava। sudhanvanpunaricchāmi tvayā dattaṃ virocanam ॥5-35-29॥
[विरोचन (virocana) - Virocana; सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvan; अयम् (ayam) - this; प्राणानाम् (prāṇānām) - of lives; ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord; तव (tava) - your; सुधन्वन् (sudhanvan) - Sudhanvan; पुनः (punar) - again; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; विरोचनम् (virocanam) - Virocana;]
(Virocana, Sudhanvan, this lord of lives is yours. Sudhanvan, I wish again for Virocana given by you.)
Virocana, this Sudhanvan is the lord of lives for you. Sudhanvan, I wish to have Virocana back, who was given by you.
सुधन्वोवाच॥
sudhanvovāca॥
[सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sudhanva said:)
Sudhanva spoke:
यद्धर्ममवृणीथास्त्वं न कामादनृतं वदीः। पुनर्ददामि ते तस्मात्पुत्रं प्रह्राद दुर्लभम् ॥५-३५-३०॥
yaddharmamavṛṇīthāstvaṃ na kāmādanṛtaṃ vadīḥ। punardadāmi te tasmātputraṃ prahrāda durlabham ॥5-35-30॥
[यत् (yat) - which; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; अवृणीथाः (avṛṇīthāḥ) - you chose; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; न (na) - not; कामात् (kāmāt) - out of desire; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; वदीः (vadīḥ) - you speak; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; ददामि (dadāmi) - I give; ते (te) - to you; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पुत्रम् (putram) - son; प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare;]
(Because you chose righteousness and did not speak falsehood out of desire, I give you again the rare son Prahlada.)
Since you have chosen the path of righteousness and refrained from speaking falsehood out of desire, I shall grant you once more the rare son, Prahlada.
एष प्रह्राद पुत्रस्ते मया दत्तो विरोचनः। पादप्रक्षालनं कुर्यात्कुमार्याः संनिधौ मम ॥५-३५-३१॥
eṣa prahrāda putraste mayā datto virocanaḥ। pādaprakṣālanaṃ kuryātkumāryāḥ sannidhau mama ॥5-35-31॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - Prahlada; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; ते (te) - your; मया (mayā) - by me; दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given; विरोचनः (virocanaḥ) - Virochana; पादप्रक्षालनं (pādaprakṣālanaṃ) - foot washing; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; कुमार्याः (kumāryāḥ) - in the presence of the maiden; संनिधौ (sannidhau) - in the presence; मम (mama) - my;]
(This Prahlada's son, Virochana, given by me, should perform the foot washing in the presence of the maiden, in my presence.)
This is Virochana, the son of Prahlada, given by me. He should wash the feet in the presence of the maiden, in my presence.
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vidura said:)
Vidura spoke:
तस्माद्राजेन्द्र भूम्यर्थे नानृतं वक्तुमर्हसि। मा गमः ससुतामात्योऽत्ययं पुत्राननुभ्रमन् ॥५-३५-३२॥
tasmādrājendra bhūmyarthe nānṛtaṃ vaktumarhasi। mā gamaḥ sasutāmātyo'tyayaṃ putrānanu bhraman ॥5-35-32॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; भूम्यर्थे (bhūmyarthe) - for the sake of land; न (na) - not; अनृतं (anṛtaṃ) - falsehood; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; मा (mā) - do not; गमः (gamaḥ) - go; स (sa) - with; सुत (suta) - sons; अमात्यः (amātyaḥ) - ministers; अत्ययम् (atyayam) - danger; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; अनु (anu) - after; भ्रमन् (bhraman) - wandering;]
(Therefore, O king, for the sake of land, you should not speak falsehood. Do not go into danger with your sons and ministers, wandering after your sons.)
Therefore, O King, you should not utter falsehood for the sake of land. Do not enter into danger along with your sons and ministers while pursuing your sons.
न देवा यष्टिमादाय रक्षन्ति पशुपालवत्। यं तु रक्षितुमिच्छन्ति बुद्ध्या संविभजन्ति तम् ॥५-३५-३३॥
na devā yaṣṭimādāya rakṣanti paśupālavata। yaṃ tu rakṣitumicchanti buddhyā saṃvibhajanti tam ॥5-35-33॥
[न (na) - not; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; यष्टिम् (yaṣṭim) - staff; आदाय (ādāya) - taking; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; पशुपालवत् (paśupālavata) - like a shepherd; यम् (yam) - whom; तु (tu) - but; रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - wish; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with wisdom; संविभजन्ति (saṃvibhajanti) - they distribute; तम् (tam) - him;]
(The gods do not protect by taking a staff like a shepherd. But whom they wish to protect, they distribute him with wisdom.)
The gods do not protect with a staff like a shepherd. Instead, they use their wisdom to guide and support those they wish to protect.
यथा यथा हि पुरुषः कल्याणे कुरुते मनः। तथा तथास्य सर्वार्थाः सिध्यन्ते नात्र संशयः ॥५-३५-३४॥
yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ kalyāṇe kurute manaḥ। tathā tathāsya sarvārthāḥ sidhyante nātra sanśayaḥ ॥5-35-34॥
[यथा (yathā) - as; यथा (yathā) - as; हि (hi) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in good; कुरुते (kurute) - does; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; तथा (tathā) - so; तथा (tathā) - so; अस्य (asya) - his; सर्वार्थाः (sarvārthāḥ) - all purposes; सिध्यन्ते (sidhyante) - are accomplished; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; संशयः (sanśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(As indeed a man sets his mind on good, so all his purposes are accomplished; here there is no doubt.)
There is no doubt that as a man focuses his mind on good, all his objectives are achieved.
न छन्दांसि वृजिनात्तारयन्ति; मायाविनं मायया वर्तमानम्। नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षा; श्छन्दांस्येनं प्रजहत्यन्तकाले ॥५-३५-३५॥
na chandāṁsi vṛjināttārayanti; māyāvinaṁ māyayā vartamānam। nīḍaṁ śakuntā iva jātapakṣā; śchandāṁsyenaṁ prajahatyantakāle ॥5-35-35॥
[न (na) - not; छन्दांसि (chandāṁsi) - Vedas; वृजिनात् (vṛjināt) - from sin; तारयन्ति (tārayanti) - deliver; मायाविनं (māyāvinam) - illusionist; मायया (māyayā) - by illusion; वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - existing; नीडं (nīḍam) - nest; शकुन्ता (śakuntā) - birds; इव (iva) - like; जातपक्षा (jātapakṣā) - with grown wings; श्छन्दांसि (śchandāṁsi) - Vedas; एनं (enaṁ) - him; प्रजहति (prajahati) - abandon; अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the end of life;]
(The Vedas do not deliver from sin; the illusionist existing by illusion. Like birds with grown wings abandon the nest, the Vedas abandon him at the end of life.)
The Vedas cannot save a sinner who lives by deceit. Just as birds with fully grown wings leave their nest, the Vedas abandon such a person at the end of their life.
मत्तापानं कलहं पूगवैरं; भार्यापत्योरन्तरं ज्ञातिभेदम्। राजद्विष्टं स्त्रीपुमांसोर्विवादं; वर्ज्यान्याहुर्यश्च पन्थाः प्रदुष्टः ॥५-३५-३६॥
mattāpānaṁ kalahaṁ pūgavairaṁ; bhāryāpatyorantaraṁ jñātibhedam। rājadviṣṭaṁ strīpumāṁsorvivādaṁ; varjyānyāhuryaśca panthāḥ praduṣṭaḥ ॥5-35-36॥
[मत्तापानं (mattāpānaṁ) - intoxicated drinking; कलहं (kalahaṁ) - quarrel; पूगवैरं (pūgavairaṁ) - group enmity; भार्यापत्योः (bhāryāpatyoḥ) - between husband and wife; अन्तरं (antaraṁ) - difference; ज्ञातिभेदम् (jñātibhedam) - division among relatives; राजद्विष्टं (rājadviṣṭaṁ) - hated by the king; स्त्रीपुमांसोः (strīpumāṁsoḥ) - between man and woman; विवादं (vivādaṁ) - dispute; वर्ज्यानि (varjyāni) - to be avoided; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यः (yaḥ) - which; च (ca) - and; पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - path; प्रदुष्टः (praduṣṭaḥ) - corrupted;]
(Intoxicated drinking, quarrel, group enmity, difference between husband and wife, division among relatives, hated by the king, dispute between man and woman, are said to be to be avoided, and the path which is corrupted.)
Intoxicated drinking, quarrels, enmity within groups, differences between husband and wife, divisions among relatives, disputes between men and women, and actions hated by the king are considered to be paths of corruption and should be avoided.
सामुद्रिकं वणिजं चोरपूर्वं; शलाकधूर्तं च चिकित्सकं च। अरिं च मित्रं च कुशीलवं च; नैतान्साक्ष्येष्वधिकुर्वीत सप्त ॥५-३५-३७॥
sāmudrikaṁ vaṇijaṁ corapūrvaṁ; śalākadhūrtaṁ ca cikitsakaṁ ca। ariṁ ca mitraṁ ca kuśīlavaṁ ca; naitānsākṣyeṣvadhikurvīta sapta ॥5-35-37॥
[सामुद्रिकं (sāmudrikaṁ) - palmist; वणिजं (vaṇijaṁ) - merchant; चोरपूर्वं (corapūrvaṁ) - former thief; शलाकधूर्तं (śalākadhūrtaṁ) - gambling cheat; च (ca) - and; चिकित्सकं (cikitsakaṁ) - physician; अरिं (ariṁ) - enemy; मित्रं (mitraṁ) - friend; कुशीलवं (kuśīlavaṁ) - actor; न (na) - not; एतान् (etān) - these; साक्ष्येषु (sākṣyeṣu) - in testimonies; अधिकुर्वीत (adhikurvīta) - should appoint; सप्त (sapta) - seven;]
(One should not appoint these seven in testimonies: a palmist, a merchant, a former thief, a gambling cheat, a physician, an enemy, a friend, and an actor.)
The verse advises against appointing certain individuals as witnesses in legal matters, specifically listing seven types: a palmist, a merchant, a former thief, a gambling cheat, a physician, an enemy, a friend, and an actor, as they may not be reliable.
मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं; मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः। एतानि चत्वार्यभयङ्कराणि; भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि ॥५-३५-३८॥
mānāgnihotramuta mānamaunaṃ; mānenādhītamuta mānayajñaḥ। etāni catvāryabhayaṅkarāṇi; bhayaṃ prayacchantyayathākṛtāni ॥5-35-38॥
[मान (māna) - respect; अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - sacrificial fire; उत (uta) - and; मान (māna) - respect; मौनं (maunaṃ) - silence; मानेन (mānena) - by respect; अधीतम् (adhītam) - studied; उत (uta) - and; मान (māna) - respect; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; एतानि (etāni) - these; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; अभयङ्कराणि (abhayaṅkarāṇi) - fearful; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - give; अयथाकृतानि (ayathākṛtāni) - improperly done.;]
(Respectful sacrificial fire and respectful silence; studied by respect and respectful sacrifice. These four fearful things give fear when improperly done.)
The respectful performance of sacrificial fire, silence, study, and sacrifice are four practices that, when not done properly, instill fear.
अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी। पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः ॥५-३५-३९॥
agāradhāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī। parvakāraśca sūcī ca mitradhṛkpāradhārikaḥ ॥5-35-39॥
[अगारदाही (agāradhāhī) - house-burner; गरदः (garadaḥ) - poisonous; कुण्डाशी (kuṇḍāśī) - pit-dweller; सोमविक्रयी (somavikrayī) - seller of soma; पर्वकारः (parvakāraḥ) - festival-maker; च (ca) - and; सूची (sūcī) - needle; च (ca) - and; मित्रध्रुक् (mitradhṛk) - betrayer of friends; पारदारिकः (pāradhārikaḥ) - adulterer;]
(House-burner, poisonous, pit-dweller, seller of soma, festival-maker, and needle, and betrayer of friends, adulterer.)
A person who burns houses, is poisonous, dwells in pits, sells soma, organizes festivals, and is like a needle, betrays friends, and commits adultery.
भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पी च यश्च स्यात्पानपो द्विजः। अतितीक्ष्णश्च काकश्च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः ॥५-३५-४०॥
bhrūṇahā gurutalpī ca yaśca syātpānapo dvijaḥ। atitīkṣṇaśca kākaśca nāstiko vedanindakaḥ ॥5-35-40॥
[भ्रूणहा (bhrūṇahā) - killer of a fetus; गुरुतल्पी (gurutalpī) - one who violates the teacher's bed; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; पानपः (pānapaḥ) - drinker; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; अतितीक्ष्णः (atitīkṣṇaḥ) - very sharp; च (ca) - and; काकः (kākaḥ) - crow; च (ca) - and; नास्तिकः (nāstikaḥ) - atheist; वेदनिन्दकः (vedanindakaḥ) - critic of the Vedas;]
(The killer of a fetus, one who violates the teacher's bed, who may be a drinker, a twice-born, very sharp, a crow, an atheist, and a critic of the Vedas.)
The verse describes various types of sinners, including a killer of a fetus, one who violates the teacher's bed, a drinker, a sharp person, a crow, an atheist, and a critic of the Vedas.
स्रुवप्रग्रहणो व्रात्यः कीनाशश्चार्थवानपि। रक्षेत्युक्तश्च यो हिंस्यात्सर्वे ब्रह्महणैः समाः ॥५-३५-४१॥
sruvapragrahaṇo vrātyaḥ kīnāśaścārthavānapi। rakṣetyuktaśca yo hiṃsyātsarve brahmahaṇaiḥ samāḥ ॥5-35-41॥
[स्रुवप्रग्रहणः (sruvapragrahaṇaḥ) - one who holds the ladle; व्रात्यः (vrātyaḥ) - outcast; कीनाशः (kīnāśaḥ) - destroyer; च (ca) - and; अर्थवान् (arthavān) - wealthy; अपि (api) - even; रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; हिंस्यात् (hiṃsyāt) - would harm; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ब्रह्महणैः (brahmahaṇaiḥ) - with Brahman slayers; समाः (samāḥ) - equal;]
(One who holds the ladle, an outcast, a destroyer, even if wealthy, should protect. Said to be equal to all who would harm with Brahman slayers.)
Even if one is wealthy, if they are an outcast or a destroyer, they should protect, as they are considered equal to those who would harm alongside Brahman slayers.
तृणोल्कया ज्ञायते जातरूपं; युगे भद्रो व्यवहारेण साधुः। शूरो भयेष्वर्थकृच्छ्रेषु धीरः; कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु सुहृदश्चारयश्च ॥५-३५-४२॥
tṛṇolkayā jñāyate jātarūpaṁ; yuge bhadro vyavahāreṇa sādhuḥ। śūro bhayeṣvarthakṛcchreṣu dhīraḥ; kṛcchrāsvāpatsu suhṛdaścārayaśca ॥5-35-42॥
[तृणोल्कया (tṛṇolkayā) - by a blade of grass; ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known; जातरूपं (jātarūpaṁ) - gold; युगे (yuge) - in an era; भद्रः (bhadraḥ) - a noble person; व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) - by conduct; साधुः (sādhuḥ) - a virtuous person; शूरः (śūraḥ) - a brave person; भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in dangers; अर्थकृच्छ्रेषु (arthakṛcchreṣu) - in financial difficulties; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person; कृच्छ्रासु (kṛcchrāsu) - in hardships; आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; चारयः (cārayaḥ) - and spies;]
(Gold is known by a blade of grass; a noble person by conduct in an era; a brave person in dangers; a wise person in financial difficulties; friends and spies in hardships and calamities.)
Gold is tested by a blade of grass, a noble person by conduct, a brave person in danger, a wise person in financial difficulties, and friends and spies in times of hardship and calamity.
जरा रूपं हरति हि धैर्यमाशा; मृत्युः प्राणान्धर्मचर्यामसूया। क्रोधः श्रियं शीलमनार्यसेवा; ह्रियं कामः सर्वमेवाभिमानः ॥५-३५-४३॥
jarā rūpaṃ harati hi dhairyam āśā; mṛtyuḥ prāṇān dharmacaryām asūyā. krodhaḥ śriyaṃ śīlam anāryasevā; hriyaṃ kāmaḥ sarvam evābhimānaḥ ॥5-35-43॥
[जरा (jarā) - old age; रूपं (rūpam) - beauty; हरति (harati) - takes away; हि (hi) - indeed; धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage; आशा (āśā) - hope; मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life; धर्मचर्याम् (dharmacaryām) - righteous conduct; असूया (asūyā) - jealousy; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; श्रियम् (śriyam) - wealth; शीलम् (śīlam) - character; अनार्यसेवा (anāryasevā) - serving the ignoble; ह्रियम् (hriyam) - modesty; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything; एव (eva) - indeed; अभिमानः (abhimānaḥ) - pride;]
(Old age takes away beauty, indeed hope takes away courage; death takes away life, jealousy takes away righteous conduct. Anger takes away wealth, serving the ignoble takes away character; desire takes away modesty, indeed pride takes away everything.)
Old age diminishes beauty, hope undermines courage; death ends life, jealousy destroys righteous conduct. Anger erodes wealth, serving the ignoble corrupts character; desire diminishes modesty, and pride ultimately takes away everything.
श्रीर्मङ्गलात्प्रभवति प्रागल्भ्यात्सम्प्रवर्धते। दाक्ष्यात्तु कुरुते मूलं संयमात्प्रतितिष्ठति ॥५-३५-४४॥
śrīrmaṅgalātprabhavati prāgalbhyātsampravardhate। dākṣyāttu kurute mūlaṃ saṃyamātpratitiṣṭhati ॥5-35-44॥
[श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; मङ्गलात् (maṅgalāt) - from auspiciousness; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; प्रागल्भ्यात् (prāgalbhyāt) - from confidence; सम्प्रवर्धते (sampravardhate) - grows; दाक्ष्यात् (dākṣyāt) - from skill; तु (tu) - but; कुरुते (kurute) - makes; मूलं (mūlaṃ) - root; संयमात् (saṃyamāt) - from restraint; प्रतितिष्ठति (pratitiṣṭhati) - stands firm;]
(Prosperity arises from auspiciousness, grows from confidence, but makes root from skill, stands firm from restraint.)
"Prosperity arises from auspiciousness, grows with confidence, but it is rooted in skill and stands firm with restraint."
अष्टौ गुणाः पुरुषं दीपयन्ति; प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दमः श्रुतं च। पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च; दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च ॥५-३५-४५॥
aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti; prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca damaḥ śrutaṃ ca। parākramaścābahubhāṣitā ca; dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca ॥5-35-45॥
[अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; पुरुषं (puruṣam) - man; दीपयन्ति (dīpayanti) - illuminate; प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - wisdom; च (ca) - and; कौल्यम् (kaulyam) - nobility; च (ca) - and; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning; च (ca) - and; पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor; च (ca) - and; अबहुभाषिता (abahubhāṣitā) - taciturnity; च (ca) - and; दानम् (dānam) - charity; यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to one's capacity; कृतज्ञता (kṛtajñatā) - gratitude; च (ca) - and;]
(Eight qualities illuminate a man: wisdom, nobility, self-restraint, learning, valor, taciturnity, charity according to one's capacity, and gratitude.)
Eight qualities that illuminate a person are wisdom, nobility, self-control, learning, valor, reticence, charity as per one's capacity, and gratitude.
एतान्गुणांस्तात महानुभावा; नेको गुणः संश्रयते प्रसह्य। राजा यदा सत्कुरुते मनुष्यं; सर्वान्गुणानेष गुणोऽतिभाति ॥५-३५-४६॥
etānguṇāṁstāta mahānubhāvā; neko guṇaḥ saṁśrayate prasahya। rājā yadā satkurute manuṣyaṁ; sarvānguṇāneṣa guṇo'tibhāti ॥5-35-46॥
[एतान् (etān) - these; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; तात (tāta) - dear; महानुभावा (mahānubhāvā) - great souls; न (na) - not; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality; संश्रयते (saṁśrayate) - resides; प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully; राजा (rājā) - king; यदा (yadā) - when; सत्कुरुते (satkurute) - honors; मनुष्यं (manuṣyaṁ) - man; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality; अतिभाति (atibhāti) - shines;]
(These qualities, dear great souls, not one quality resides forcefully. When the king honors a man, all qualities, this quality shines.)
Dear one, these qualities do not reside forcefully in great souls. When a king honors a man, all qualities shine in him, and this quality stands out.
अष्टौ नृपेमानि मनुष्यलोके; स्वर्गस्य लोकस्य निदर्शनानि। चत्वार्येषामन्ववेतानि सद्भि; श्चत्वार्येषामन्ववयन्ति सन्तः ॥५-३५-४७॥
aṣṭau nṛpemāni manuṣyaloke; svargasya lokasya nidarśanāni। catvāryeṣāmanvavetāni sadbhi; ścatvāryeṣāmanvavayanti santaḥ ॥5-35-47॥
[अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight; नृप (nṛpa) - kings; इमानि (imāni) - these; मनुष्यलोके (manuṣyaloke) - in the human world; स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; निदर्शनानि (nidarśanāni) - examples; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; अन्ववेतानि (anvavetāni) - are followed; सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; अन्ववयन्ति (anvavayanti) - are pursued; सन्तः (santaḥ) - by the wise;]
(Eight kings in the human world; examples of the heavenly world. Four of these are followed by the good; four of these are pursued by the wise.)
In the human world, there are eight kings that serve as examples of the heavenly realm. Among these, four are followed by virtuous people, and four are pursued by the wise.
यज्ञो दानमध्ययनं तपश्च; चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववेतानि सद्भिः। दमः सत्यमार्जवमानृशंस्यं; चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववयन्ति सन्तः ॥५-३५-४८॥
yajño dānamadhyayanaṃ tapaśca; catvāryetānyanvavetāni sadbhiḥ। damaḥ satyamārjavamānṛśaṃsyaṃ; catvāryetānyanvavayanti santaḥ ॥5-35-48॥
[यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; दानम् (dānam) - charity; अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; च (ca) - and; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; एतानि (etāni) - these; अन्ववेतानि (anvavetāni) - are followed; सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good; दमः (damaḥ) - self-control; सत्य (satya) - truth; मार्जवम् (mārjavam) - honesty; अनृशंस्यम् (anṛśaṃsyam) - compassion; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; एतानि (etāni) - these; अन्ववयन्ति (anvavayanti) - are practiced; सन्तः (santaḥ) - by the virtuous;]
(Sacrifice, charity, study, and austerity; these four are followed by the good. Self-control, truth, honesty, and compassion; these four are practiced by the virtuous.)
"Sacrifice, charity, study, and austerity are the four practices followed by the good. Self-control, truth, honesty, and compassion are the four virtues practiced by the virtuous."
न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा; न ते वृद्धा ये न वदन्ति धर्मम्। नासौ धर्मो यत्र न सत्यमस्ति; न तत्सत्यं यच्छलेनानुविद्धम् ॥५-३५-४९॥
na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhā; na te vṛddhā ye na vadanti dharmam। nāsau dharmo yatra na satyamasti; na tatsatyaṃ yacchalenānuviddham ॥5-35-49॥
[न (na) - not; सा (sā) - that; सभा (sabhā) - assembly; यत्र (yatra) - where; न (na) - not; सन्ति (santi) - are; वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - elders; न (na) - not; ते (te) - those; वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - elders; ये (ye) - who; न (na) - not; वदन्ति (vadanti) - speak; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; न (na) - not; असौ (asau) - that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; यत्र (yatra) - where; न (na) - not; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; अस्ति (asti) - is; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; यत् (yat) - which; शलेन (śalena) - by deceit; अनुविद्धम् (anuviddham) - is accompanied;]
(That is not an assembly where there are no elders; those are not elders who do not speak righteousness. That is not righteousness where there is no truth; that is not truth which is accompanied by deceit.)
An assembly without elders is not a true assembly; those who do not speak of righteousness are not true elders. Righteousness without truth is not righteousness; truth accompanied by deceit is not truth.
सत्यं रूपं श्रुतं विद्या कौल्यं शीलं बलं धनम्। शौर्यं च चित्रभाष्यं च दश संसर्गयोनयः ॥५-३५-५०॥
satyaṁ rūpaṁ śrutaṁ vidyā kaulyaṁ śīlaṁ balaṁ dhanam। śauryaṁ ca citrabhāṣyaṁ ca daśa saṁsargayonayaḥ ॥5-35-50॥
[सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth; रूपं (rūpaṁ) - form; श्रुतं (śrutaṁ) - heard; विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge; कौल्यम् (kaulyaṁ) - nobility; शीलं (śīlaṁ) - character; बलं (balaṁ) - strength; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; शौर्यं (śauryaṁ) - valor; च (ca) - and; चित्रभाष्यं (citrabhāṣyaṁ) - eloquence; च (ca) - and; दश (daśa) - ten; संसर्गयोनयः (saṁsargayonayaḥ) - sources of association;]
(Truth, form, what is heard, knowledge, nobility, character, strength, wealth, valor, and eloquence are the ten sources of association.)
"Truth, beauty, learning, knowledge, nobility, character, strength, wealth, valor, and eloquence are the ten sources of association."
पापं कुर्वन्पापकीर्तिः पापमेवाश्नुते फलम्। पुण्यं कुर्वन्पुण्यकीर्तिः पुण्यमेवाश्नुते फलम् ॥५-३५-५१॥
pāpaṃ kurvanpāpakīrtiḥ pāpamevāśnute phalam। puṇyaṃ kurvanpuṇyakīrtiḥ puṇyamevāśnute phalam ॥5-35-51॥
[पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; पापकीर्तिः (pāpakīrtiḥ) - infamous; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; एव (eva) - only; अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; पुण्यं (puṇyaṃ) - virtue; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; पुण्यकीर्तिः (puṇyakīrtiḥ) - famous; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - virtue; एव (eva) - only; अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
(Doing sin, one obtains only the fruit of sin; doing virtue, one obtains only the fruit of virtue.)
One who commits sin gains only infamy and the results of sin, while one who performs virtuous acts gains fame and the results of virtue.
पापं प्रज्ञां नाशयति क्रियमाणं पुनः पुनः। नष्टप्रज्ञः पापमेव नित्यमारभते नरः ॥५-३५-५२॥
pāpaṃ prajñāṃ nāśayati kriyamāṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ। naṣṭaprajñaḥ pāpameva nityamārabhate naraḥ ॥5-35-52॥
[पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; प्रज्ञां (prajñāṃ) - wisdom; नाशयति (nāśayati) - destroys; क्रियमाणं (kriyamāṇaṃ) - being done; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; नष्टप्रज्ञः (naṣṭaprajñaḥ) - one whose wisdom is destroyed; पापमेव (pāpameva) - only sin; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; आरभते (ārabhate) - engages in; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Sin destroys wisdom when repeatedly committed. A man whose wisdom is destroyed always engages in only sin.)
Repeatedly committing sin destroys wisdom. A man devoid of wisdom constantly indulges in sinful acts.
पुण्यं प्रज्ञां वर्धयति क्रियमाणं पुनः पुनः। वृद्धप्रज्ञः पुण्यमेव नित्यमारभते नरः ॥५-३५-५३॥
puṇyaṃ prajñāṃ vardhayati kriyamāṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ। vṛddhaprajñaḥ puṇyameva nityamārabhate naraḥ ॥5-35-53॥
[पुण्यं (puṇyaṃ) - merit; प्रज्ञां (prajñāṃ) - wisdom; वर्धयति (vardhayati) - increases; क्रियमाणं (kriyamāṇaṃ) - being performed; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; वृद्धप्रज्ञः (vṛddhaprajñaḥ) - wise elder; पुण्यमेव (puṇyameva) - only merit; नित्यमारभते (nityamārabhate) - always undertakes; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Merit increases wisdom when performed again and again. A wise elder always undertakes only merit.)
Performing meritorious acts repeatedly enhances wisdom. A wise person consistently engages in virtuous deeds.
असूयको दन्दशूको निष्ठुरो वैरकृन्नरः। स कृच्छ्रं महदाप्नोति नचिरात्पापमाचरन् ॥५-३५-५४॥
asūyako dandaśūko niṣṭhuro vairakṛnnaraḥ। sa kṛcchraṃ mahadāpnoti nacirātpāpamācaran ॥5-35-54॥
[असूयकः (asūyakaḥ) - jealous person; दन्दशूकः (dandaśūkaḥ) - hypocrite; निष्ठुरः (niṣṭhuraḥ) - cruel; वैरकृत् (vairakṛt) - enemy-maker; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सः (saḥ) - he; कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - difficulty; महत् (mahat) - great; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; नचिरात् (nacirāt) - soon; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; आचरन् (ācaran) - committing;]
(A jealous person, a hypocrite, a cruel man, an enemy-maker; he soon obtains great difficulty by committing sin.)
A jealous, hypocritical, and cruel person who creates enemies will soon face great difficulties due to his sinful actions.
अनसूयः कृतप्रज्ञः शोभनान्याचरन्सदा। अकृच्छ्रात्सुखमाप्नोति सर्वत्र च विराजते ॥५-३५-५५॥
anasūyaḥ kṛtaprajñaḥ śobhanānyācaransadā। akṛcchrātsukhamāpnoti sarvatra ca virājate ॥5-35-55॥
[अनसूयः (anasūyaḥ) - non-envious; कृतप्रज्ञः (kṛtaprajñaḥ) - wise; शोभनानि (śobhanāni) - auspicious acts; आचरन् (ācaran) - performing; सदा (sadā) - always; अकृच्छ्रात् (akṛcchrāt) - without difficulty; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere; च (ca) - and; विराजते (virājate) - shines;]
(The non-envious, wise person, always performing auspicious acts, obtains happiness without difficulty and shines everywhere.)
A person who is free from envy and possesses wisdom, by consistently engaging in good deeds, effortlessly attains happiness and stands out in all places.
प्रज्ञामेवागमयति यः प्राज्ञेभ्यः स पण्डितः। प्राज्ञो ह्यवाप्य धर्मार्थौ शक्नोति सुखमेधितुम् ॥५-३५-५६॥
prajñāmevāgamayati yaḥ prājñebhyaḥ sa paṇḍitaḥ। prājño hyavāpya dharmārthau śaknoti sukhamedhitum ॥5-35-56॥
[प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - wisdom; एव (eva) - indeed; आगमयति (āgamayati) - leads; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्राज्ञेभ्यः (prājñebhyaḥ) - from the wise; सः (saḥ) - he; पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - scholar; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise; हि (hi) - indeed; अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained; धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - virtue and wealth; शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधितुम् (edhitum) - to increase;]
(He who indeed leads wisdom from the wise is a scholar. Indeed, the wise, having obtained virtue and wealth, is able to increase happiness.)
A true scholar is one who derives wisdom from the wise. For the wise, having attained virtue and wealth, can indeed enhance happiness.
दिवसेनैव तत्कुर्याद्येन रात्रौ सुखं वसेत्। अष्टमासेन तत्कुर्याद्येन वर्षाः सुखं वसेत् ॥५-३५-५७॥
divasenaiva tatkuryādyena rātrau sukhaṃ vaset। aṣṭamāsena tatkuryādyena varṣāḥ sukhaṃ vaset ॥5-35-57॥
[दिवसेन (divasena) - by day; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; येन (yena) - by which; रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - comfortably; वसेत् (vaset) - may live; अष्टमासेन (aṣṭamāsena) - in eight months; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; येन (yena) - by which; वर्षाः (varṣāḥ) - in the rainy season; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - comfortably; वसेत् (vaset) - may live;]
(One should do during the day what allows one to live comfortably at night. One should do in eight months what allows one to live comfortably during the rainy season.)
One should plan and act during the day to ensure comfort at night, and similarly, prepare in the eight months to ensure comfort during the rainy season.
पूर्वे वयसि तत्कुर्याद्येन वृद्धः सुखं वसेत्। यावज्जीवेन तत्कुर्याद्येन प्रेत्य सुखं वसेत् ॥५-३५-५८॥
pūrve vayasi tatkuryādyena vṛddhaḥ sukhaṃ vaset। yāvajjīvena tatkuryādyena pretya sukhaṃ vaset ॥5-35-58॥
[पूर्वे (pūrve) - in the earlier; वयसि (vayasi) - age; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; येन (yena) - by which; वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; वसेत् (vaset) - may live; यावत् (yāvat) - as long as; जीवेन (jīvena) - life; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; येन (yena) - by which; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; वसेत् (vaset) - may live;]
(In the earlier age, one should do that by which, when old, one may live happily. As long as one lives, one should do that by which, after death, one may live happily.)
In one's youth, actions should be taken that ensure happiness in old age. Throughout life, one should act in ways that ensure happiness after death.
जीर्णमन्नं प्रशंसन्ति भार्यां च गतयौवनाम्। शूरं विगतसङ्ग्रामं गतपारं तपस्विनम् ॥५-३५-५९॥
jīrṇam annaṃ praśaṃsanti bhāryāṃ ca gatayauvanām। śūraṃ vigatasaṅgrāmaṃ gatapāraṃ tapasvinam ॥5-35-59॥
[जीर्णम् (jīrṇam) - old; अन्नम् (annam) - food; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṃsanti) - praise; भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife; च (ca) - and; गतयौवनाम् (gatayauvanām) - past youth; शूरम् (śūram) - hero; विगतसङ्ग्रामम् (vigatasaṅgrāmam) - out of battle; गतपारम् (gatapāram) - crossed over; तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - ascetic;]
(They praise old food, a wife past her youth, a hero out of battle, and an ascetic who has crossed over.)
People appreciate old food, a wife who has passed her youth, a hero who is no longer in battle, and an ascetic who has achieved his goals.
धनेनाधर्मलब्धेन यच्छिद्रमपिधीयते। असंवृतं तद्भवति ततोऽन्यदवदीर्यते ॥५-३५-६०॥
dhanenādharma-labdhena yacchidramapidhīyate। asaṁvṛtaṁ tadbhavati tato'nyadavadhīryate ॥5-35-60॥
[धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth; अधर्म (adharma) - unrighteous; लब्धेन (labdhena) - obtained; यत् (yat) - which; छिद्रम् (chidram) - defect; अपिधीयते (apidhīyate) - is covered; असंवृतम् (asaṁvṛtam) - uncovered; तत् (tat) - that; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अन्यत् (anyat) - another; अवदीर्यते (avadhīryate) - is exposed;]
(By wealth obtained unrighteously, which defect is covered, that becomes uncovered, then another is exposed.)
Wealth obtained through unrighteous means may cover one defect, but it will eventually become uncovered, leading to the exposure of another defect.
गुरुरात्मवतां शास्ता शास्ता राजा दुरात्मनाम्। अथ प्रच्छन्नपापानां शास्ता वैवस्वतो यमः ॥५-३५-६१॥
gururātmavatāṃ śāstā śāstā rājā durātmanām। atha pracchannapāpānāṃ śāstā vaivasvato yamaḥ ॥5-35-61॥
[गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; आत्मवताम् (ātmavatām) - of the self-possessed; शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler; शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler; राजा (rājā) - king; दुरात्मनाम् (durātmanām) - of the wicked; अथ (atha) - then; प्रच्छन्नपापानाम् (pracchannapāpānām) - of the secretly sinful; शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler; वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - Vaivasvata; यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama;]
(The teacher is the ruler of the self-possessed, the king is the ruler of the wicked. Then, the ruler of the secretly sinful is Vaivasvata Yama.)
The teacher governs those who are self-disciplined, the king rules over the wicked, and Vaivasvata Yama is the judge of those who sin in secret.
ऋषीणां च नदीनां च कुलानां च महात्मनाम्। प्रभवो नाधिगन्तव्यः स्त्रीणां दुश्चरितस्य च ॥५-३५-६२॥
ṛṣīṇāṃ ca nadīnāṃ ca kulānāṃ ca mahātmanām। prabhavo nādhigantavyaḥ strīṇāṃ duścaritasya ca ॥5-35-62॥
[ऋषीणां (ṛṣīṇāṃ) - of the sages; च (ca) - and; नदीनां (nadīnāṃ) - of the rivers; च (ca) - and; कुलानां (kulānāṃ) - of the families; च (ca) - and; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great souls; प्रभवः (prabhavaḥ) - origin; न (na) - not; अधिगन्तव्यः (adhigantavyaḥ) - to be known; स्त्रीणां (strīṇāṃ) - of women; दुश्चरितस्य (duścaritasya) - of bad conduct; च (ca) - and;]
(The origin of the sages, rivers, families of great souls, and the bad conduct of women is not to be known.)
The origins of sages, rivers, noble families, and the misconduct of women are beyond comprehension.
द्विजातिपूजाभिरतो दाता ज्ञातिषु चार्जवी। क्षत्रियः स्वर्गभाग्राजंश्चिरं पालयते महीम् ॥५-३५-६३॥
dvijātapūjābhirato dātā jñātiṣu cārjavī। kṣatriyaḥ svargabhāgrājaṃściraṃ pālayate mahīm ॥5-35-63॥
[द्विजातिपूजाभिरतः (dvijātapūjābhirataḥ) - engaged in the worship of the twice-born; दाता (dātā) - giver; ज्ञातिषु (jñātiṣu) - among relatives; चार्जवी (cārjavī) - honest; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior; स्वर्गभाग् (svargabhāg) - partaker of heaven; राजन् (rājan) - O king; चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time; पालयते (pālayate) - protects; महीम् (mahīm) - the earth;]
(Engaged in the worship of the twice-born, a giver, honest among relatives, a warrior, partaker of heaven, O king, protects the earth for a long time.)
O king, a warrior who is engaged in the worship of the twice-born, a giver, and honest among relatives, partakes in heaven and protects the earth for a long time.
सुवर्णपुष्पां पृथिवीं चिन्वन्ति पुरुषास्त्रयः। शूरश्च कृतविद्यश्च यश्च जानाति सेवितुम् ॥५-३५-६४॥
suvarṇapuṣpāṃ pṛthivīṃ cinvanti puruṣāstrayaḥ। śūraśca kṛtavidyaśca yaśca jānāti sevitum ॥5-35-64॥
[सुवर्णपुष्पां (suvarṇapuṣpāṃ) - golden-flowered; पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - earth; चिन्वन्ति (cinvanti) - seek; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave; च (ca) - and; कृतविद्यः (kṛtavidyaḥ) - learned; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; जानाति (jānāti) - knows; सेवितुम् (sevitum) - to serve;]
(The three men seek the golden-flowered earth: the brave, the learned, and the one who knows how to serve.)
Three types of men seek the golden-flowered earth: the brave, the learned, and those who know how to serve.
बुद्धिश्रेष्ठानि कर्माणि बाहुमध्यानि भारत। तानि जङ्घाजघन्यानि भारप्रत्यवराणि च ॥५-३५-६५॥
buddhiśreṣṭhāni karmāṇi bāhumadhyāni bhārata। tāni jaṅghājaghanyāni bhārapratyavarāṇi ca ॥5-35-65॥
[बुद्धिश्रेष्ठानि (buddhiśreṣṭhāni) - best among intellect; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; बाहुमध्यानि (bāhumadhyāni) - middle of the arms; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; तानि (tāni) - those; जङ्घाजघन्यानि (jaṅghājaghanyāni) - lower than the thighs; भारप्रत्यवराणि (bhārapratyavarāṇi) - bearing the weight; च (ca) - and;]
(The actions best among intellect are in the middle of the arms, O Bharata. Those are lower than the thighs and bear the weight.)
O Bharata, the actions that are considered the best by intellect are performed by the arms. These actions are lower than the thighs and bear the weight.
दुर्योधने च शकुनौ मूढे दुःशासने तथा। कर्णे चैश्वर्यमाधाय कथं त्वं भूतिमिच्छसि ॥५-३५-६६॥
duryodhane ca śakunau mūḍhe duḥśāsane tathā। karṇe caiśvaryamādhāya kathaṁ tvaṁ bhūtimicchasi ॥5-35-66॥
[दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - in Duryodhana; च (ca) - and; शकुनौ (śakunau) - in Shakuni; मूढे (mūḍhe) - in the foolish; दुःशासने (duḥśāsane) - in Duhshasana; तथा (tathā) - also; कर्णे (karṇe) - in Karna; च (ca) - and; ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - prosperity; आधाय (ādhāya) - placing; कथम् (katham) - how; त्वम् (tvam) - you; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छसि (icchasi) - desire;]
(In Duryodhana, and in Shakuni, in the foolish Duhshasana, also in Karna, placing prosperity, how do you desire prosperity?)
How do you expect to achieve prosperity by placing your trust in Duryodhana, Shakuni, the foolish Duhshasana, and Karna?
सर्वैर्गुणैरुपेताश्च पाण्डवा भरतर्षभ। पितृवत्त्वयि वर्तन्ते तेषु वर्तस्व पुत्रवत् ॥५-३५-६७॥
sarvairguṇairupetāśca pāṇḍavā bharatarṣabha। pitṛvattvayi vartante teṣu vartasva putravat ॥5-35-67॥
[सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - with all; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - qualities; उपेताः (upetāḥ) - endowed; च (ca) - and; पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father; त्वयि (tvayi) - in you; वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they behave; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; वर्तस्व (vartasva) - you should behave; पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son;]
(Endowed with all qualities, the Pandavas, O best of the Bharatas, behave towards you like a father; you should behave among them like a son.)
O best of the Bharatas, the Pandavas, endowed with all qualities, treat you like a father; you should treat them like a son.
