13.068
गोदानफलम्
godāna-phalam
[गोदान (godāna) - gift of a cow; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
(gift of a cow fruit)
fruit of the gift of a cow
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he) spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
भूय एव कुरुश्रेष्ठ दानानां विधिमुत्तमम्। कथयस्व महाप्राज्ञ भूमिदानं विशेषतः ॥१३-६८-१॥
bhūya eva kuruśreṣṭha dānānāṃ vidhim uttamam। kathayasva mahāprājña bhūmidānaṃ viśeṣataḥ॥13-68-1॥
[भूय (bhūya) - again; एव (eva) - indeed; कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of the Kurus; दानानाम् (dānānām) - of gifts; विधिम् (vidhim) - procedure; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest; कथयस्व (kathayasva) - tell; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O highly wise; भूमिदानम् (bhūmidānam) - the gift of land; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially;]
(Again indeed, O best of the Kurus, the highest procedure of gifts tell, O highly wise, the gift of land especially.)
O best of the Kurus, explain again the supreme procedure of gifts, O greatly wise one, especially about the gift of land. (13-68-1)
पृथिवीं क्षत्रियो दद्याद्ब्राह्मणस्तां स्वकर्मणा। विधिवत्प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न त्वन्यो दातुमर्हति ॥१३-६८-२॥
pṛthivīṃ kṣatriyo dadyād brāhmaṇas tāṃ svakarmaṇā. vidhivat pratigṛhṇīyān na tv anyo dātum arhati ॥13-68-2॥
[पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - the earth (accusative singular); क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya; (nominative singular) दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - the brāhmaṇa; (nominative singular) ताम् (tām) - that (earth); स्वकर्मणा (svakarmaṇā) - by his own action (by his own prescribed duty); विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly (in accordance with rule); प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - should accept; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (person); दातुम् (dātum) - to give; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled (deserves);]
(The earth a kṣatriya should give, the brāhmaṇa that by his own action; properly should accept, but not another to give is entitled.)
A kṣatriya should give the earth; the brāhmaṇa should properly accept it by his own action. But no one else is entitled to give it. (13-68-2)
सर्ववर्णैस्तु यच्छक्यं प्रदातुं फलकाङ्क्षिभिः। वेदे वा यत्समाम्नातं तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१३-६८-३॥
sarvavarṇais tu yat śakyaṃ pradātuṃ phalākāṅkṣibhiḥ. vede vā yat samāmnātaṃ tan me vyākhyātum arhasi ॥13-68-3॥
[सर्ववर्णैः (sarvavarṇaiḥ) - by all letters; by all sounds; by every syllable; तु (tu) - but; indeed; यत् (yat) - which; शक्यं (śakyaṃ) - possible; able (to be done); प्रदातुम् (pradātum) - to bestow; to give; फलाकाङ्क्षिभिः (phalākāṅkṣibhiḥ) - by those desiring the result; by seekers of reward; वेदे (vede) - in the Veda; वा (vā) - or; यत् (yat) - which; समाम्नातं (samāmnātaṃ) - taught; established (as tradition); तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought; you are worthy;]
(But whatever is possible to be given by all letters by those desiring fruit, or which is taught in the Veda, that you ought to explain to me.)
But whatever can be granted through all syllables by seekers of reward, or what is established in the Veda, that you ought to explain to me. (13-68-3)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular aorist of 'vac', to speak);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
तुल्यनामानि देयानि त्रीणि तुल्यफलानि च। सर्वकामफलानीह गावः पृथ्वी सरस्वती ॥१३-६८-४॥
tulyanāmāni deyāni trīṇi tulyaphalāni ca। sarvakāmaphalānīha gāvaḥ pṛthvī sarasvatī॥13-68-4॥
[तुल्यनामानि (tulyanāmāni) - of equal names; देयानि (deyāni) - to be given; त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three; तुल्यफलानि (tulyaphalāni) - having equal results; च (ca) - and; सर्वकामफलानि (sarvakāmaphalāni) - producing all desired results; इह (iha) - here; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; पृथ्वी (pṛthvī) - the earth; सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sara svatī (the river Sarasvatī);]
(Of equal names, to be given, three, having equal results and, producing all desired results here, cows, the earth, Sarasvatī.)
Here, cows, the earth, and Sarasvatī—these three with equal names, to be given, are of equal results and bestow all desired benefits. (13-68-4)
यो ब्रूयाच्चापि शिष्याय धर्म्यां ब्राह्मीं सरस्वतीम्। पृथिवीगोप्रदानाभ्यां स तुल्यं फलमश्नुते ॥१३-६८-५॥
yo brūyāccāpi śiṣyāya dharmyāṃ brāhmīṃ sarasvatīm। pṛthivīgopradānābhyāṃ sa tulyaṃ phalamaśnute ॥13-68-5॥
[यो (yaḥ) - who; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; शिष्याय (śiṣyāya) - to a student; धर्म्याम् (dharmyām) - righteous; ब्राह्मीं (brāhmīm) - relating to Brahman; सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - Sarasvatī (here, sacred speech/knowledge); पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; गोप् (go) - cow; प्रदानाभ्याम् (pradānābhyām) - with the gifts; सः (saḥ) - he; तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(Who would speak also to a student righteous, Brahman-related Sarasvatī, with the gifts of earth and cow, he equal fruit attains.)
Whoever speaks the righteous, Vedic Sarasvatī (knowledge) to a pupil also attains a fruit equal to that obtained by giving away the earth and cows as gifts. (13-68-5)
तथैव गाः प्रशंसन्ति न च देयं ततः परम्। संनिकृष्टफलास्ता हि लघ्वर्थाश्च युधिष्ठिर ॥ मातरः सर्वभूतानां गावः सर्वसुखप्रदाः ॥१३-६८-६॥
tathaiva gāḥ praśaṁsanti na ca deyaṁ tataḥ param। saṁnikṛṣṭaphalās tā hi laghv arthāś ca yudhiṣṭhira ॥ mātaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ gāvaḥ sarvasukhapradāḥ ॥13-68-6॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; गाः (gāḥ) - cows; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - praise; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; देयम् (deyam) - to be given; ततः (tataḥ) - than that; from that; परम् (param) - higher; further; सन्निकृष्टफलाः (saṁnikṛṣṭaphalāḥ) - of immediate fruit; ता (tā) - they (fem.); हि (hi) - indeed; लघ्वर्थाः (laghv arthāḥ) - of little cost; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira; मातरः (mātaraḥ) - mothers; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; सर्वसुखप्रदाः (sarvasukhapradāḥ) - bestowers of all happiness;]
(In the same way, cows praise, and nothing is to be given beyond that; they are of immediate fruit, indeed of little expense, and, O Yudhishthira, cows are mothers of all beings, bestowers of all happiness.)
In the same way, cows ought to be praised, and nothing is superior to giving them; they produce immediate results, are of little cost, and, O Yudhishthira, cows are the mothers of all beings and givers of all happiness. (13-68-6)
वृद्धिमाकाङ्क्षता नित्यं गावः कार्याः प्रदक्षिणाः। मङ्गलायतनं देव्यस्तस्मात्पूज्याः सदैव हि ॥१३-६८-७॥
vṛddhim-ākāṅkṣatā nityaṃ gāvaḥ kāryāḥ pradakṣiṇāḥ। maṅgalāyatanaṃ devyas-tasmāt-pūjyāḥ sadaiva hi ॥13-68-7॥
[वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth; prosperity; आकाङ्क्षता (ākāṅkṣatā) - desiring; wishing; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; कार्याः (kāryāḥ) - should be (made); must be (done); प्रदक्षिणाः (pradakṣiṇāḥ) - circumambulated; honored by circumambulation; मङ्गलायतनं (maṅgalāyatanam) - abode of auspiciousness; देव्यः (devyaḥ) - of the goddess; of the goddess (Lakṣmī, etc.); तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पूज्याः (pūjyāḥ) - worthy of worship; to be worshipped; सदैव (sadaiva) - always; हि (hi) - indeed;]
(Growth desiring always cows should be circumambulated. Abode of auspiciousness is of the goddess therefore worthy of worship always indeed.)
Those who desire prosperity should always circumambulate cows; for they are the abode of auspiciousness, the goddess, and therefore always deserving of worship indeed. (13-68-7)
प्रचोदनं देवकृतं गवां कर्मसु वर्तताम्। पूर्वमेवाक्षरं नान्यदभिधेयं कथञ्चन ॥१३-६८-८॥
pracodanaṁ devakṛtaṁ gavāṁ karmasu vartatām। pūrvamevākṣaraṁ nānyadabhidheyaṁ kathañcana ॥13-68-8॥
[प्रचोदनं (pracodanaṁ) - impelling; prompting; देवकृतं (devakṛtaṁ) - made by (the) gods; गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows; कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions; in rituals; वर्तताम् (vartatām) - let it abide; may it exist; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - earlier; formerly; एव (eva) - indeed; only; अक्षरं (akṣaraṁ) - imperishable; syllable; न (na) - not; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; अभिधेयम् (abhidheyaṁ) - to be named; should be mentioned; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way; at all;]
(Impelling made by the gods of cows in actions let it abide. Formerly indeed the imperishable, not other to be named at all.)
Let the prompting made by the gods in the actions of the cows abide. Only the imperishable existed before; nothing else should ever be spoken of. (13-68-8)
प्रचारे वा निपाने वा बुधो नोद्वेजयेत गाः। तृषिता ह्यभिवीक्षन्त्यो नरं हन्युः सबान्धवम् ॥१३-६८-९॥
pracāre vā nipāne vā budho nodvejayet gāḥ। tṛṣitā hy abhivīkṣantyaḥ naraṃ hanyuḥ sabāndhavam ॥13-68-9॥
[प्रचारे (pracāre) - in movement; (i.e., while moving;) वा (vā) - or; निपाने (nipāne) - at the drinking place; (watering place;) वा (vā) - or; बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person; न (na) - not; उद्वेजयेत् (udvejayet) - should cause agitation; should disturb; गाः (gāḥ) - the cows; तृषिताः (tṛṣitāḥ) - thirsty; हि (hi) - indeed; अभिवीक्षन्त्यः (abhivīkṣantyaḥ) - looking attentively; नरम् (naram) - a man; हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - might kill; सबान्धवम् (sabāndhavam) - with his companions;]
(In movement or at the watering place or, a wise person should not disturb the cows. Thirsty, indeed, looking attentively, they might kill a man together with his companions.)
Whether while moving or at the watering place, a wise person should not disturb cows; for when thirsty and intently watching, they might kill a man along with his companions. (13-68-9)
पितृसद्मानि सततं देवतायतनानि च। पूयन्ते शकृता यासां पूतं किमधिकं ततः ॥१३-६८-१०॥
pitṛsadmāni satataṃ devatāyatanāni ca। pūyante śakṛtā yāsāṃ pūtaṃ kim adhikaṃ tataḥ॥13-68-10॥
[पितृसद्मानि (pitṛsadmāni) - ancestral homes; सततं (satataṃ) - constantly; देवतायतनानि (devatāyatanāni) - abodes of gods; च (ca) - and; पूयन्ते (pūyante) - are purified; शकृता (śakṛtā) - by a single (act); यासां (yāsāṃ) - of whom; पूतं (pūtaṃ) - purified; किमधिकं (kim adhikaṃ) - what (is) greater; ततः (tataḥ) - than that;]
(Ancestral homes constantly, abodes of gods and, are purified by a single (act) of whom; purified, what (is) greater than that?)
The ancestral homes are constantly, and the abodes of the gods, purified by even a single (act) of those whose purity is such; what can be greater than that? (13-68-10)
ग्रासमुष्टिं परगवे दद्यात्संवत्सरं तु यः। अकृत्वा स्वयमाहारं व्रतं तत्सार्वकामिकम् ॥१३-६८-११॥
grāsamuṣṭiṁ paragave dadyātsaṁvatsaraṁ tu yaḥ। akṛtvā svayamāhāraṁ vrataṁ tatsārvakāmikam ॥13-68-11॥
[ग्रासमुष्टिं (grāsamuṣṭim) - handful of food; परगवे (paragave) - to another's cow; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; संवत्सरं (saṁvatsaram) - for a year; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without doing; स्वयमाहारं (svayamāhāram) - his own food; व्रतं (vratam) - vow; तत् (tat) - that; सार्वकामिकम् (sārvakāmikam) - fulfilling all desires;]
(Who, for a year, gives a handful of food to another's cow but without taking his own food— that vow is fulfilling all desires.)
Whoever gives, for a year, a handful of food to another's cow, without taking food for himself, that vow grants all desires. (13-68-11)
स हि पुत्रान्यशोर्थं च श्रियं चाप्यधिगच्छति। नाशयत्यशुभं चैव दुःस्वप्नं च व्यपोहति ॥१३-६८-१२॥
sa hi putrān yaśaḥ arthaṃ ca śriyaṃ ca api adhigacchati। nāśayati aśubhaṃ ca eva duḥsvapnaṃ ca vyapohati ॥13-68-12॥
[स (sa) - he; हि (hi) - indeed; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; अर्थं (arthaṃ) - wealth; च (ca) - and; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; चापि (ca api) - and also; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains; नाशयति (nāśayati) - destroys; अशुभम् (aśubham) - evil; चैव (ca eva) - and indeed; दुःस्वप्नम् (duḥsvapnam) - bad dream; च (ca) - and; व्यपोहति (vyapohati) - drives away;]
(He indeed sons, fame, wealth, and prosperity also obtains. He destroys evil and indeed drives away bad dreams and.)
Indeed, he obtains sons, fame, wealth, and also prosperity. He also destroys evil and drives away bad dreams. (13-68-12)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (perfect tense, 3rd person singular);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said.)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
देयाः किंलक्षणा गावः काश्चापि परिवर्जयेत्। कीदृशाय प्रदातव्या न देयाः कीदृशाय च ॥१३-६८-१३॥
deyāḥ kiṁlakṣaṇā gāvaḥ kāścāpi parivarjayet। kīdṛśāya pradātavyā na deyāḥ kīdṛśāya ca ॥13-68-13॥
[देयाः (deyāḥ) - to be given; किंलक्षणा (kiṁlakṣaṇā) - of what characteristics; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; काश्चापि (kāścāpi) - which also; परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should avoid; कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind (of person); प्रदातव्या (pradātavyā) - to be given; न (na) - not; देयाः (deyāḥ) - to be given; कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind (of person); च (ca) - and;]
(To be given, of what characteristics cows, which also one should avoid. To what kind (of person) to be given, not to be given to what kind (of person) and.)
What kinds of cows should be given, and which ones should be avoided? To what sort of person should they be given, and to whom should they not be given? (13-68-13)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
असद्वृत्ताय पापाय लुब्धायानृतवादिने। हव्यकव्यव्यपेताय न देया गौः कथञ्चन ॥१३-६८-१४॥
asad-vṛttāya pāpāya lubdhāyā'nṛtavādine। havyakavya-vyapetāya na deyā gauḥ kathañcana॥13-68-14॥
[असद्वृत्ताय (asad-vṛttāya) - to one of bad conduct; पापाय (pāpāya) - to a sinful person; लुब्धाय (lubdhāya) - to a greedy one; अनृतवादिने (anṛtavādine) - to one speaking untruth; हव्यकव्यव्यपेताय (havyakavya-vyapetāya) - to one deprived of offerings to the gods and ancestors; न (na) - not; देया (deyā) - should be given; गौः (gauḥ) - cow; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - by any means;]
(To one of bad conduct, to a sinful person, to a greedy one, to one speaking untruth, to one deprived of offerings to the gods and ancestors, a cow should not be given by any means.)
A cow should never, under any circumstance, be given to a person of bad conduct, a sinner, a greedy individual, one who speaks falsehoods, or one who is not devoted to sacrificial offerings. (13-68-14)
भिक्षवे बहुपुत्राय श्रोत्रियायाहिताग्नये। दत्त्वा दशगवां दाता लोकानाप्नोत्यनुत्तमान् ॥१३-६८-१५॥
bhikṣave bahuputrāya śrotriyāyāhitāgnaye। dattvā daśagavāṃ dātā lokān-āpnoty-anuttamān ॥13-68-15॥
[भिक्षवे (bhikṣave) - to a mendicant; बहुपुत्राय (bahuputrāya) - to one having many sons; श्रोत्रियाय (śrotriyāya) - to a knower of the Veda; आहिताग्नये (āhitāgnaye) - to one who has kindled the sacred fire; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; दशगवां (daśagavām) - ten cows; दाता (dātā) - the giver; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; आप्नोति (āpnóti) - attains; अनुत्तमान् (anuttamān) - unsurpassed;]
(To a mendicant, to one having many sons, to a knower of the Veda, to one who has kindled the sacred fire—having given ten cows, the giver attains worlds unsurpassed.)
Giving ten cows to a mendicant, a man with many sons, a learned Vedic scholar, or one who has kindled the sacred fire, the giver attains unsurpassed worlds. (13-68-15)
यं चैव धर्मं कुरुते तस्य पुण्यफलं च यत्। सर्वस्यैवांशभाग्दाता तन्निमित्तं प्रवृत्तयः ॥१३-६८-१६॥
yaṁ caiva dharmaṁ kurute tasya puṇyaphalaṁ ca yat। sarvasyaiva aṁśabhāg dātā tan-nimittaṁ pravṛttayaḥ ॥13-68-16॥
[यं (yaṁ) - which; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - duty; कुरुते (kurute) - (he) performs; तस्य (tasya) - of that; पुण्यफलं (puṇyaphalaṁ) - meritorious fruit; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; एव (eva) - indeed; अंशभाग् (aṁśabhāg) - part-share; दाता (dātā) - giver; तन्निमित्तं (tan-nimittaṁ) - for that reason; प्रवृत्तयः (pravṛttayaḥ) - inclinations;]
(Which indeed duty (he) performs, and the meritorious fruit which, of all indeed a part-share giver, for that reason are the inclinations.)
Whatever duty a man performs and whatever merit results from it, the inclinations (pravṛttayaḥ) are the givers of a share of all this for that reason. (13-68-16)
यश्चैनमुत्पादयति यश्चैनं त्रायते भयात्। यश्चास्य कुरुते वृत्तिं सर्वे ते पितरस्त्रयः ॥१३-६८-१७॥
yaś cainam utpādayati yaś cainaṃ trāyate bhayāt | yaś cāsya kurute vṛttiṃ sarve te pitaras trayaḥ ॥13-68-17॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who;, च (ca) - and;, एनम् (enam) - him;, उत्पादयति (utpādayati) - causes to be born;, यः (yaḥ) - who;, च (ca) - and;, एनम् (enam) - him;, त्रायते (trāyate) - protects;, भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear;, यः (yaḥ) - who;, च (ca) - and;, अस्य (asya) - his;, कुरुते (kurute) - provides;, वृत्तिं (vṛttiṃ) - livelihood;, सर्वे (sarve) - all;, ते (te) - they;, पितरः (pitarāḥ) - fathers;, त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three;]
(Who and him causes to be born, who and him protects from fear, who and his provides livelihood, all they three fathers.)
Whoever causes him to be born, whoever protects him from danger, and whoever provides for his livelihood — all these are the three fathers. (13-68-17)
कल्मषं गुरुशुश्रूषा हन्ति मानो महद्यशः। अपुत्रतां त्रयः पुत्रा अवृत्तिं दश धेनवः ॥१३-६८-१८॥
kalmaṣaṁ guruśuśrūṣā hanti māno mahadyaśaḥ| aputratāṁ trayaḥ putrā avṛttiṁ daśa dhenavaḥ ॥13-68-18॥
[कल्मषं (kalmaṣam) - impurity; गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to the teacher; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; मानः (mānaḥ) - pride; महद्यशः (mahad-yaśaḥ) - great fame; अपुत्रतां (aputratām) - sonlessness; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; अवृत्तिं (avṛttim) - poverty; दश (daśa) - ten; धेनवः (dhenavaḥ) - cows;]
(Service to the teacher destroys impurity; great fame destroys pride; three sons destroy sonlessness; ten cows destroy poverty.)
Service to the teacher removes impurity, great fame eliminates pride, three sons remove sonlessness, and ten cows remove poverty. (13-68-18)
वेदान्तनिष्ठस्य बहुश्रुतस्य; प्रज्ञानतृप्तस्य जितेन्द्रियस्य। शिष्टस्य दान्तस्य यतस्य चैव; भूतेषु नित्यं प्रियवादिनश्च ॥१३-६८-१९॥
vedāntaniṣṭhasya bahuśrutasya; prajñānatṛptasya jitendriyasya. śiṣṭasya dāntasya yatasya caiva; bhūteṣu nityaṃ priyavādinaś ca ॥13-68-19॥
[वेदान्तनिष्ठस्य (vedāntaniṣṭhasya) - of one devoted to Vedānta; बहुश्रुतस्य (bahuśrutasya) - of one well-versed (in the Vedas); प्रज्ञानतृप्तस्य (prajñānatṛptasya) - of one satisfied with (true) knowledge; जितेन्द्रियस्य (jitendriyasya) - of one who has conquered the senses; शिष्टस्य (śiṣṭasya) - of the cultured; दान्तस्य (dāntasya) - of the self-restrained; यतस्य (yatasya) - of the disciplined; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; प्रियवादिनः (priyavādinaḥ) - speaking pleasant words; च (ca) - and;]
(Of one devoted to Vedānta, of one well-versed, of one satisfied with knowledge, of one who has conquered the senses, of the cultured, of the self-restrained, of the disciplined and indeed, always among beings, speaking pleasant words and.)
The one devoted to Vedānta, well-versed in learning, satisfied with knowledge, self-controlled, cultured, disciplined, and who always speaks pleasant words among all beings—such is described here. (13-68-19)
यः क्षुद्भयाद्वै न विकर्म कुर्या; न्मृदुर्दान्तश्चातिथेयश्च नित्यम्। वृत्तिं विप्रायातिसृजेत तस्मै; यस्तुल्यशीलश्च सपुत्रदारः ॥१३-६८-२०॥
yaḥ kṣud-bhayād vai na vikarma kuryān mṛdur dāntaś cātitheyaś ca nityam| vṛttiṃ viprāyātisṛjet tasmai yas tulyaśīlaś ca saputradhāraḥ ॥13-68-20॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; क्षुद्भयात् (kṣud-bhayāt) - from hunger and fear; वै (vai) - indeed; न (na) - not; विकर्म (vikarma) - wrong action; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle; दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-restrained; च (ca) - and; अतिथेयः (atitheyaḥ) - hospitable; च (ca) - and; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of subsistence; विप्राय (viprāya) - to the Brāhmaṇa; अतिसृजेत् (atisṛjet) - one should give; तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; यः (yaḥ) - who; तुल्यशीलः (tulyaśīlaḥ) - of equal character; च (ca) - and; सपुत्रदारः (saputradhāraḥ) - with wife and son;]
(Who, from hunger and fear, indeed, does not perform wrong action; gentle, self-restrained and always hospitable; the means of subsistence to the Brāhmaṇa, one should give to him, who is of equal character and is with wife and son.)
One should give a livelihood to that Brāhmaṇa who, even from hunger and fear, does not commit wrong actions, is gentle, self-restrained, always hospitable, of similar character, and has wife and son. (13-68-20)
शुभे पात्रे ये गुणा गोप्रदाने; तावान्दोषो ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे। सर्वावस्थं ब्राह्मणस्वापहारो; दाराश्चैषां दूरतो वर्जनीयाः ॥१३-६८-२१॥
śubhe pātre ye guṇā gopradāne; tāvān doṣo brāhmaṇasvāpahāre. sarvāvasthaṃ brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ; dārāś caiṣāṃ dūrato varjanīyāḥ ॥13-68-21॥
[शुभे (śubhe) - in an auspicious (worthy) (recipient); पात्रे (pātre) - in a vessel (person); ये (ye) - which; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - virtues; qualities; गोप्रदाने (gopradāne) - in gifting of a cow; तावान् (tāvān) - so much; of such measure; दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault; sin; ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे (brāhmaṇasvāpahāre) - in taking away property of a brāhmaṇa; सर्वावस्थं (sarvāvastham) - in every state; in all circumstances; ब्राह्मणस्वापहारः (brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ) - taking away brāhmaṇa's property; दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives; spouses; च (ca) - and; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; दूरतः (dūrataḥ) - from afar; at a distance; वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - must avoid; should be shunned;]
(In a worthy recipient, whatever virtues are in the gifting of a cow, so much is the fault in taking away a brāhmaṇa’s property. In every state, taking a brāhmaṇa’s property; their wives also, from afar, must be shunned.)
All the merit found in gifting a cow to a worthy recipient is equal to the fault incurred by taking away a brāhmaṇa's property. In every circumstance, taking a brāhmaṇa's property—and especially their wives—must be avoided from a distance. (13-68-21)
