13.114
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhisthira; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhisthira said;)
Yudhisthira said.
अहिंसा वैदिकं कर्म ध्यानमिन्द्रियसंयमः। तपोऽथ गुरुशुश्रूषा किं श्रेयः पुरुषं प्रति ॥१३-११४-१॥
ahiṃsā vaidikaṃ karma dhyānam indriya-saṃyamaḥ। tapo 'tha guru-śuśrūṣā kiṃ śreyaḥ puruṣaṃ prati॥13-114-1॥
[अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) - non-injury; वैदिकं (vaidikaṃ) - Vedic; कर्म (karma) - action; ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation; इन्द्रियसंयमः (indriya-saṃyamaḥ) - control of the senses; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; अथ (atha) - and; गुरुशुश्रूषा (guru-śuśrūṣā) - service of the teacher; किं (kiṃ) - what; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - highest good; पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person; प्रति (prati) - towards;]
(Non-injury, Vedic action, meditation, control of the senses, austerity, and service of the teacher—what is the highest good towards a person?)
Non-injury, Vedic actions, meditation, control of the senses, austerity, and service to the teacher—all these: what is the highest good for a person? (13-114-1)
बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥
bṛhaspatiruvāca॥
[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (proper noun, name of the sage/planet Jupiter); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (perfect tense, 3rd person singular);]
(Bṛhaspati said.)
Bṛhaspati said.
सर्वाण्येतानि धर्मस्य पृथग्द्वाराणि सर्वशः। शृणु सङ्कीर्त्यमानानि षडेव भरतर्षभ ॥१३-११४-२॥
sarvāṇyetāni dharmasya pṛthagdvārāṇi sarvaśaḥ। śṛṇu saṅkīrtyamānāni ṣaḍeva bharatarṣabha॥13-114-2॥
[सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; एतानि (etāni) - these; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; पृथक्-द्वाराणि (pṛthak-dvārāṇi) - separate gateways; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; सङ्कीर्त्यमानानि (saṅkīrtyamānāni) - being recited; षट् एव (ṣaḍ eva) - just six; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull of the Bharatas;]
(All these, of dharma, separate gateways entirely; hear being recited just six, O bull of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, hear these six distinct gateways of dharma, all of them, as they are being recited. (13-114-2)
हन्त निःश्रेयसं जन्तोरहं वक्ष्याम्यनुत्तमम्। अहिंसापाश्रयं धर्मं यः साधयति वै नरः ॥१३-११४-३॥
hanta niḥśreyasaṃ jantorahaṃ vakṣyāmyanuttamam। ahiṃsāpāśrayaṃ dharmaṃ yaḥ sādhayati vai naraḥ ॥13-114-3॥
[हन्त (hanta) - indeed; निःश्रेयसं (niḥśreyasaṃ) - the highest good; जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a being; अहम् (aham) - I; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - shall speak; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed; अहिंसापाश्रयं (ahiṃsāpāśrayam) - having non-violence as the foundation; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - duty; यः (yaḥ) - who; साधयति (sādhayati) - accomplishes; वै (vai) - truly; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Indeed, I shall speak the unsurpassed highest good of a being; the man who truly accomplishes the duty having non-violence as the foundation.)
Indeed, I shall declare the supreme highest good for a being: the man who truly follows the path of duty based on non-violence. (13-114-3)
त्रीन्दोषान्सर्वभूतेषु निधाय पुरुषः सदा। कामक्रोधौ च संयम्य ततः सिद्धिमवाप्नुते ॥१३-११४-४॥
trīndoṣān sarvabhūteṣu nidhāya puruṣaḥ sadā। kāmakrodhau ca saṁyamya tataḥ siddhim avāpnute ॥13-114-4॥
[त्रीन्दोषान् (trīndoṣān) - three faults; (i.e. doṣas, defects); सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - in all beings; निधाय (nidhāya) - having laid down; having abandoned; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; person; सदा (sadā) - always; कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger; च (ca) - and; संयम्य (saṁyamya) - having restrained; ततः (tataḥ) - then; सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - attainment; success; अवाप्नुते (avāpnute) - obtains; attains;]
(Having abandoned the three faults in all beings, the man always, having restrained desire and anger and then thus, attains success.)
The person who always puts aside the three faults in all beings and restrains desire and anger thereby attains success. (13-114-4)
अहिंसकानि भूतानि दण्डेन विनिहन्ति यः। आत्मनः सुखमन्विच्छन्न स प्रेत्य सुखी भवेत् ॥१३-११४-५॥
ahiṁsakāni bhūtāni daṇḍena vinihanti yaḥ। ātmanaḥ sukham anvicchann sa pretya sukhī bhavet ॥13-114-5॥
[अहिंसकानि (ahiṁsakāni) - non-injurious beings; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - creatures; दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - with punishment; विनिहन्ति (vinihanti) - kills; यः (yaḥ) - who; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for himself; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; अन्विच्छन् (anvicchann) - desiring; स (sa) - he; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; सुखी (sukhī) - happy; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become;]
(Who kills non-injuring creatures with punishment, desiring happiness for himself, he after death may become happy.)
Whoever kills harmless creatures with punishment, seeking happiness for himself, after death he attains happiness. (13-114-5)
आत्मोपमश्च भूतेषु यो वै भवति पूरुषः। न्यस्तदण्डो जितक्रोधः स प्रेत्य सुखमेधते ॥१३-११४-६॥
ātmopamaś ca bhūteṣu yo vai bhavati puruṣaḥ। nyastadaṇḍo jitakrodhaḥ sa pretya sukhamedhate॥13-114-6॥
[आत्मोपमः (ātmopamaḥ) - regarding as oneself; alike to oneself; च (ca) - and; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings; यः (yaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; भवति (bhavati) - is; पूरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; person; न्यस्तदण्डः (nyastadaṇḍaḥ) - having laid aside the staff (not injuring); जितक्रोधः (jitakrodhaḥ) - one who has conquered anger; सः (saḥ) - he; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधते (edhate) - attains, grows;]
(And who among beings is alike to oneself, a man who indeed is, having laid aside the staff and conquered anger, that one after death happiness attains.)
A person who sees all beings as himself, who does not harm and has conquered anger, after death attains happiness. (13-114-6)
सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्य सर्वभूतानि पश्यतः। देवापि मार्गे मुह्यन्ति अपदस्य पदैषिणः ॥१३-११४-७॥
sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya sarvabhūtāni paśyataḥ। devāpi mārge muhyanti apadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ ॥13-114-7॥
[सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्य (sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya) - of one who has become the Self of all beings; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of one who sees; देवापि (devā api) - even the gods; मार्गे (mārge) - on the path; मुह्यन्ति (muhyanti) - are bewildered; अपदस्य (apadasya) - of the one without a path; पदैषिणः (padaiṣiṇaḥ) - seekers of the path;]
(Of one who has become the Self of all beings, all beings, of one who sees; even the gods on the path are bewildered; of the one without a path, seekers of the path.)
Even the gods are bewildered on the path of one who has become the Self of all beings and sees all beings as himself; seekers of a path become confused before one who is pathless. (13-114-7)
न तत्परस्य संदद्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः। एष सङ्क्षेपतो धर्मः कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥१३-११४-८॥
na tatparasya saṁdadyāt pratikūlaṁ yad ātmanaḥ। eṣa saṅkṣepato dharmaḥ kāmāt anyaḥ pravartate ॥13-114-8॥
[न (na) - not; तत्परस्य (tatparasya) - to one who is intent (on that); संदद्यात् (saṁdadyāt) - should give; प्रतिकूलं (pratikūlam) - unfavorable; यद् (yad) - that which; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to oneself; एष (eṣa) - this; सङ्क्षेपतः (saṅkṣepataḥ) - in brief; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - arises;]
(One should not give to another intent person that which is unfavorable to oneself. This, in brief, is duty; other arises from desire.)
One should not do to another what is displeasing to oneself. This, in summary, is duty; anything else comes from desire. (13-114-8)
प्रत्याख्याने च दाने च सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये। आत्मौपम्येन पुरुषः समाधिमधिगच्छति ॥१३-११४-९॥
pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca sukha-duḥkhe priyā-priye। ātmaupamyena puruṣaḥ samādhim adhigacchati॥13-114-9॥
[प्रत्याख्याने (pratyākhyāne) - in rejection; च (ca) - and; दाने (dāne) - in giving; च (ca) - and; सुखदुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - in happiness and sorrow; प्रियाप्रिये (priyā-priye) - in what is dear and not dear; आत्मौपम्येन (ātmaupamyena) - by comparison with oneself; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; समाधिम् (samādhim) - equanimity; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains;]
(In rejection and in giving and in happiness and sorrow and in what is dear and not dear, by comparison with oneself, a person attains equanimity.)
A person attains equanimity by comparing others to oneself—whether in rejection, in giving, in happiness or sorrow, or in situations that are pleasing or unpleasing. (13-114-9)
यथा परः प्रक्रमतेऽपरेषु; तथापरः प्रक्रमते परस्मिन्। एषैव तेऽस्तूपमा जीवलोके; यथा धर्मो नैपुणेनोपदिष्टः ॥१३-११४-१०॥
yathā paraḥ prakramate'pareṣu; tathāparaḥ prakramate parasmin. eṣaiva te'stūpamā jīvaloke; yathā dharmo naipuṇenopadiṣṭaḥ ॥13-114-10॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; परः (paraḥ) - one person; प्रक्रमते (prakramate) - acts upon; अपरेषु (apareṣu) - towards others; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; अपः (aparaḥ) - the other; प्रक्रमते (prakramate) - acts upon; परस्मिन् (parasmin) - towards the former; एषा (eṣā) - this; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - for you; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; उपमा (upamā) - simile; जीवलोके (jīvaloke) - in the world of living beings; यथा (yathā) - just as; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - virtue; नैपुणेन (naipuṇena) - by skill; उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - is taught;]
(Just as one person acts upon others, so the other acts upon the former. Let this indeed be your simile in the world of living beings, just as virtue is taught by skill.)
Just as one person acts towards others, so too another acts towards him; let this be your example in the world of the living, just as virtue is instructed by skill. (13-114-10)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he) spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
इत्युक्त्वा तं सुरगुरुर्धर्मराजं युधिष्ठिरम्। दिवमाचक्रमे धीमान्पश्यतामेव नस्तदा ॥१३-११४-११॥
ity uktvā taṃ suragurur dharmarājaṃ yudhiṣṭhiram। divam ācakrame dhīmān paśyatām eva nas tadā ॥13-114-11॥
[इति (iti) - thus; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; तं (taṃ) - to him; सुरगुरुः (suraguruḥ) - the preceptor of the gods; धर्मराजं (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira; दिवम् (divam) - to heaven; आचक्रमे (ācakrame) - ascended; धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise; पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - while seeing; एव (eva) - indeed; नः (naḥ) - of us; तदा (tadā) - then;]
(Thus having spoken to him, the preceptor of the gods, Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira, to heaven ascended, the wise, while seeing indeed of us then.)
Having thus spoken to him, the wise preceptor of the gods ascended to heaven, as we all watched, at that time. (13-114-11)
