13.113
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular, perfect);]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
अधर्मस्य गतिर्ब्रह्मन्कथिता मे त्वयानघ। धर्मस्य तु गतिं श्रोतुमिच्छामि वदतां वर ॥ कृत्वा कर्माणि पापानि कथं यान्ति शुभां गतिम् ॥१३-११३-१॥
adharmasya gatir brahman kathitā me tvayānagha। dharmasya tu gatiṁ śrotum icchāmi vadatāṁ vara ॥ kṛtvā karmāṇi pāpāni kathaṁ yānti śubhāṁ gatim ॥13-113-1॥
[अधर्मस्य (adharmasya) - of adharma; गतिः (gatiḥ) - the path; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman; कथिता (kathitā) - explained; मे (me) - to me; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; तु (tu) - but; गतिम् (gatim) - the path; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; वदतां (vadatām) - of speakers; वर (vara) - O best; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful; कथम् (katham) - how; यान्ति (yānti) - do they go; शुभाम् (śubhām) - auspicious; गतिम् (gatim) - path;]
(O Brahman, the path of adharma has been explained to me by you, O sinless one. But the path of dharma, to hear I desire, O best of speakers. Having done sinful actions, how do they go to an auspicious path? (13-113-1))
O Brahman, you have explained to me the path of adharma, O sinless one. But I wish to hear the path of dharma from you, O best of speakers. How do those who have performed sinful actions attain an auspicious path? (13-113-1)
बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥
bṛhaspatir uvāca॥
[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (name of the sage/planetary preceptor); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bṛhaspati said;)
Bṛhaspati said.
कृत्वा पापानि कर्माणि अधर्मवशमागतः। मनसा विपरीतेन निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ॥१३-११३-२॥
kṛtvā pāpāni karmāṇi adharma-vaśam-āgataḥ। manasā viparītena nirayaṃ pratipadyate ॥13-113-2॥
[कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; पापानि (pāpāni) - evil deeds; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; अधर्मवशमागतः (adharma-vaśam-āgataḥ) - having come under the power of adharma; मनसा (manasā) - with mind; विपरीतेन (viparītena) - perverted; निरयं (nirayaṃ) - hell; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - he attains;]
(Having done evil actions, having come under the power of unrighteousness, with mind perverted, hell he attains.)
Having committed evil deeds and fallen under the control of unrighteousness, with a perverted mind, he goes to hell. (13-113-2)
मोहादधर्मं यः कृत्वा पुनः समनुतप्यते। मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तो न स सेवेत दुष्कृतम् ॥१३-११३-३॥
mohād adharmaṃ yaḥ kṛtvā punaḥ samanutapyate। manaḥ-samādhi-saṃyukto na sa seveta duṣkṛtam ॥13-113-3॥
[मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion; अधर्मम् (adharmaṃ) - unrighteousness; यः (yaḥ) - who; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; समनुतप्यते (samanutapyate) - regrets; मनःसमाधि-संयुक्तः (manaḥ-samādhi-saṃyuktaḥ) - endowed with concentration of mind; न (na) - not; स (sa) - he; सेवेत (seveta) - should resort to; दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil action;]
(From delusion, unrighteousness who having done again regrets; endowed with concentration of mind not he should resort to evil action.)
He who, having acted unrighteously out of delusion, later regrets it, being endowed with concentration of mind, should not again commit evil action. (13-113-3)
यथा यथा नरः सम्यगधर्ममनुभाषते। समाहितेन मनसा विमुच्यति तथा तथा ॥ भुजङ्ग इव निर्मोकात्पूर्वभुक्ताज्जरान्वितात् ॥१३-११३-४॥
yathā yathā naraḥ samyagadharmam anubhāṣate। samāhitena manasā vimucyati tathā tathā ॥ bhujaṅga iva nirmokāt pūrvabhuktāt jarānvitāt ॥13-113-4॥
[यथा (yathā) - as; यथा (yathā) - as; नरः (naraḥ) - the man; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; अनुभाषते (anubhāṣate) - speaks about; समाहितेन (samāhitena) - with concentrated; मनसा (manasā) - mind; विमुच्यति (vimucyati) - is released; तथा (tathā) - so; तथा (tathā) - so; भुजङ्गः (bhujaṅgaḥ) - the serpent; इव (iva) - like; निर्मोकात् (nirmokāt) - from the slough (shedding skin); पूर्वभुक्तात् (pūrvabhuktāt) - previously inhabited; जरान्वितात् (jarānvitāt) - endowed with old age;]
(As, as the man properly dharma speaks about, with concentrated mind is released so, so, like the serpent from the slough previously inhabited and endowed with old age.)
Just as, as a man, whenever he properly speaks about dharma with a concentrated mind, is released each time—so, just as a serpent is released from its old, aged skin that it previously inhabited. (13-113-4)
अदत्त्वापि प्रदानानि विविधानि समाहितः। मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तः सुगतिं प्रतिपद्यते ॥१३-११३-५॥
adattvāpi pradānāni vividhāni samāhitaḥ. manaḥ-samādhi-saṃyuktaḥ sugatiṃ pratipadyate ॥13-113-5॥
[अदत्त्वापि (adattvā api) - even without giving; प्रदानानि (pradānāni) - gifts; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - composed; मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तः (manaḥ-samādhi-saṃyuktaḥ) - endowed with mental concentration; सुगतिं (sugatim) - good state; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains;]
(Even not having given various gifts, one composed, endowed with mental concentration, attains a good state.)
Even without offering various gifts, a composed person endowed with mental concentration attains a good state. (13-113-5)
प्रदानानि तु वक्ष्यामि यानि दत्त्वा युधिष्ठिर। नरः कृत्वाप्यकार्याणि तदा धर्मेण युज्यते ॥१३-११३-६॥
pradānāni tu vakṣyāmi yāni dattvā yudhiṣṭhira। naraḥ kṛtvāpy-akāryāṇi tadā dharmeṇa yujyate ॥13-113-6॥
[प्रदानानि (pradānāni) - gifts; (plural); तु (tu) - but; indeed; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall state; (first person singular future); यानि (yāni) - which; (neuter plural); दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, vocative); नरः (naraḥ) - man; person; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; अपि (api) - even; also; अकार्याणि (akāryāṇi) - improper acts; wrong deeds; तदा (tadā) - then; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; by virtue; युज्यते (yujyate) - is united; is joined; (third person singular, passive);]
(But the gifts, O Yudhiṣṭhira, I shall state, which having given, a man—even having done improper acts—then is united with righteousness.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, I will now state the types of gifts which, when given, even if a man has committed improper acts, he is then joined with righteousness. (13-113-6)
सर्वेषामेव दानानामन्नं श्रेष्ठमुदाहृतम्। पूर्वमन्नं प्रदातव्यमृजुना धर्ममिच्छता ॥१३-११३-७॥
sarveṣāmeva dānānām annaṃ śreṣṭham udāhṛtam। pūrvam annaṃ pradātavyam ṛjunā dharmam icchatā ॥13-113-7॥
[सर्वेषाम् एव (sarveṣām eva) - of all indeed; दानानाम् (dānānām) - of gifts; अन्नम् (annam) - food; श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the best; उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - has been declared; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first; अन्नम् (annam) - food; प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be given; ऋजुना (ṛjunā) - by the upright; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; इच्छता (icchatā) - desiring;]
(Of all gifts indeed, food has been declared the best. First, food should be given by the upright desiring righteousness.)
Among all gifts, food is considered to be the best. Food should be given first by one who is upright and desirous of righteousness. (13-113-7)
प्राणा ह्यन्नं मनुष्याणां तस्माज्जन्तुश्च जायते। अन्ने प्रतिष्ठिता लोकास्तस्मादन्नं प्रकाशते ॥१३-११३-८॥
prāṇā hy annaṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ tasmāj jantuś ca jāyate। anne pratiṣṭhitā lokās tasmād annaṁ prakāśate॥13-113-8॥
[प्राणा (prāṇāḥ) - life-forces; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्नं (annaṁ) - food; मनुष्याणां (manuṣyāṇām) - of humans; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; च (ca) - and; जायते (jāyate) - is born; अन्ने (anne) - in food; प्रतिष्ठिताः (pratiṣṭhitāḥ) - established; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अन्नं (annaṁ) - food; प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines forth;]
(Life-forces indeed food of humans; therefore creature and is born. In food established worlds; therefore food shines forth.)
The life-forces are indeed the food of humans; therefore, a creature is born. The worlds are established in food; therefore, food shines forth. (13-113-8)
अन्नमेव प्रशंसन्ति देवर्षिपितृमानवाः। अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन स्वर्गमाप्नोति कौशिकः ॥१३-११३-९॥
annam eva praśaṁsanti devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ। annasya hi pradānena svargam āpnoti kauśikaḥ॥13-113-9॥
[अन्नम् (annam) - food; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - praise; देवर्षिपितृमानवाः (devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ) - gods, seers, ancestors, and men; अन्नस्य (annasya) - of food; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रदानेन (pradānena) - by gift; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika;]
(Food indeed gods, seers, ancestors, and men praise; by the gift of food indeed, heaven attains Kauśika.)
The gods, seers, ancestors, and men all praise only food; by giving food, Kauśika indeed attains heaven. (13-113-9)
न्यायलब्धं प्रदातव्यं द्विजेभ्यो ह्यन्नमुत्तमम्। स्वाध्यायसमुपेतेभ्यः प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥१३-११३-१०॥
nyāyalabdham pradātavyaṃ dvijebhyo hyannamuttamam। svādhyāyasamupe teb hyaḥ prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā ॥13-113-10॥
[न्यायलब्धं (nyāyalabdhaṃ) - rightly-obtained; प्रदातव्यं (pradātavyam) - to be given; द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to Brāhmaṇas; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्नम् (annam) - food; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent; स्वाध्यायसमुपेतेभ्यः (svādhyāyasamupetebhyaḥ) - to those engaged in self-study; प्रहृष्टेन (prahṛṣṭena) - with joyful; अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - inner self;]
(Rightly-obtained food, indeed excellent, is to be given to Brāhmaṇas engaged in self-study, with joyful inner self.)
One should give excellent, rightful food to Brāhmaṇas engaged in self-study with a joyful heart. (13-113-10)
यस्य ह्यन्नमुपाश्नन्ति ब्राह्मणानां शता दश। हृष्टेन मनसा दत्तं न स तिर्यग्गतिर्भवेत् ॥१३-११३-११॥
yasya hy annam upāśnanti brāhmaṇānāṃ śatā daśa। hṛṣṭena manasā dattaṃ na sa tiryaggatir bhavet ॥13-113-11॥
[यस्य (yasya) - of whom; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्नम् (annam) - food; उपाश्नन्ति (upāśnanti) - eat; ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brāhmaṇas; शता (śatā) - hundreds; दश (daśa) - ten; हृष्टेन (hṛṣṭena) - with delight; मनसा (manasā) - in mind; दत्तम् (dattaṃ) - given; न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - he; तिर्यग्गतिः (tiryaggatiḥ) - animal state; भवेत् (bhavet) - would become;]
(Of whom indeed food is eaten by ten hundreds of brāhmaṇas, with delighted mind given, he would not become of animal state.)
He whose food is eaten by a thousand brāhmaṇas, which is given with a delighted mind, does not attain an animal birth. (13-113-11)
ब्राह्मणानां सहस्राणि दश भोज्य नरर्षभ। नरोऽधर्मात्प्रमुच्येत पापेष्वभिरतः सदा ॥१३-११३-१२॥
brāhmaṇānāṃ sahasrāṇi daśa bhojya nararṣabha। naro'dharmāt pramucyeta pāpeṣv abhirataḥ sadā ॥13-113-12॥
[ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṃ) - of Brāhmaṇas; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; दश (daśa) - ten; भोज्य (bhojya) - to be fed; नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best of men; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - from unrighteousness; प्रमुच्येत (pramucyeta) - may be released; पापेषु (pāpeṣu) - in sins; अभिरतः (abhirataḥ) - engaged; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(O best of men, one who is always engaged in sins may be released from unrighteousness by feeding ten thousand Brāhmaṇas.)
O best of men, a man who is always engaged in sins may be freed from unrighteousness by feeding ten thousand Brāhmaṇas. (13-113-12)
भैक्षेणान्नं समाहृत्य विप्रो वेदपुरस्कृतः। स्वाध्यायनिरते विप्रे दत्त्वेह सुखमेधते ॥१३-११३-१३॥
bhaikṣeṇānnaṃ samāhṛtya vipro vedapuraskṛtaḥ। svādhyāyanirate vipre dattveha sukhamedhate ॥13-113-13॥
[भैक्षेण (bhaikṣeṇa) - with alms-food; अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; समाहृत्य (samāhṛtya) - having collected; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the Brāhmaṇa; वेदपुरस्कृतः (vedapuraskṛtaḥ) - preceded by the Veda; स्वाध्यायनिरते (svādhyāyanirate) - engaged in self-study; विप्रे (vipre) - to the Brāhmaṇa; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; इह (iha) - here; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधते (edhate) - attains;]
(With alms-food, food having collected, the Brāhmaṇa preceded by the Veda, to the Brāhmaṇa engaged in self-study, having given here, happiness attains.)
A Brāhmaṇa who, having collected food as alms and guided by the Veda, gives it here to a Brāhmaṇa engaged in self-study attains happiness. (13-113-13)
अहिंसन्ब्राह्मणं नित्यं न्यायेन परिपाल्य च। क्षत्रियस्तरसा प्राप्तमन्नं यो वै प्रयच्छति ॥१३-११३-१४॥
ahiṁsan brāhmaṇaṁ nityaṁ nyāyena paripālya ca। kṣatriyas tarasā prāptam annaṁ yo vai prayacchati ॥13-113-14॥
[अहिंसन् (ahiṁsan) - not harming; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brāhmaṇa; नित्यं (nityam) - always; न्यायेन (nyāyena) - by justice; परिपाल्य (paripālya) - having protected; च (ca) - and; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya; तरसा (tarasā) - by force; प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained; अन्नम् (annam) - food; यः (yaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives;]
(Not harming a Brāhmaṇa always, by justice, having protected and a Kṣatriya, who indeed gives food obtained by force.)
A Kṣatriya, having always protected a Brāhmaṇa by justice and without harming him, who indeed gives food obtained by force. (13-113-14)
द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यः प्रयतः सुसमाहितः। तेनापोहति धर्मात्मा दुष्कृतं कर्म पाण्डव ॥१३-११३-१५॥
dvijebhyo vedavṛddhebhyaḥ prayataḥ susamāhitaḥ. tenāpohati dharmātmā duṣkṛtaṃ karma pāṇḍava ॥13-113-15॥
[द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to the twice-born; वेदवृद्धेभ्यः (vedavṛddhebhyaḥ) - to the venerable elders learned in the Veda; प्रयतः (prayataḥ) - with self-restraint; सुसमाहितः (susamāhitaḥ) - very attentive; तेन (tena) - by that; अपोहति (apohati) - removes; धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous-souled one; दुष्कृतं (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed; कर्म (karma) - action; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava;]
(O Pāṇḍava, by being self-restrained and very attentive towards the twice-born and the venerable elders learned in the Veda, the righteous-souled one removes evil action.)
O Pāṇḍava, a righteous person removes evil acts by approaching the twice-born and the venerable Vedic elders with self-restraint and sincere attentiveness. (13-113-15)
षड्भागपरिशुद्धं च कृषेर्भागमुपार्जितम्। वैश्यो ददद्द्विजातिभ्यः पापेभ्यः परिमुच्यते ॥१३-११३-१६॥
ṣaḍ-bhāga-pariśuddhaṁ ca kṛṣeḥ bhāgam upārjitam। vaiśyo dadad dvijātibhyaḥ pāpebhyaḥ parimucyate ॥13-113-16॥
[षड्भागपरिशुद्धं (ṣaḍ-bhāga-pariśuddham) - purified by sixfold part; च (ca) - and; कृषेः (kṛṣeḥ) - of farming; भागम् (bhāgam) - a share; उपार्जितम् (upārjitam) - acquired; वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - the vaiśya; ददत् (dadat) - giving; द्विजातिभ्यः (dvijātibhyaḥ) - unto the twice-born; पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - from sins; परिमुच्यते (parimucyate) - is released;]
(Purified by a sixth part and the share of farming acquired, the vaiśya, giving to the twice-born, is released from sins.)
The vaiśya, giving the portion purified by a sixth part and the share acquired from farming to the twice-born, is released from sins. (13-113-16)
अवाप्य प्राणसंदेहं कार्कश्येन समार्जितम्। अन्नं दत्त्वा द्विजातिभ्यः शूद्रः पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१३-११३-१७॥
avāpya prāṇasaṁdehaṁ kārkaśyena samārjitam। annaṁ dattvā dvijātibhyaḥ śūdraḥ pāpāt pramucyate ॥13-113-17॥
[अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained; प्राणसंदेहं (prāṇasaṁdeham) - risk to life; कार्कश्येन (kārkaśyena) - through hardship; समार्जितम् (samārjitam) - acquired; अन्नं (annaṁ) - food; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; द्विजातिभ्यः (dvijātibhyaḥ) - to the twice-born; शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - the śūdra; पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released;]
(Having obtained food acquired through risk to life and hardship, having given (that) food to the twice-born, the śūdra is released from sin.)
If a śūdra, having acquired food with hardship and at the risk of his life, gives that food to the twice-born, he is freed from sin. (13-113-17)
औरसेन बलेनान्नमर्जयित्वाविहिंसकः। यः प्रयच्छति विप्रेभ्यो न स दुर्गाणि सेवते ॥१३-११३-१८॥
aurasena balenānnam arjayitvā avihiṁsakaḥ। yaḥ prayacchati viprebhyo na sa durgāṇi sevate ॥13-113-18॥
[औरसेन (aurasena) - by one's own strength (of offspring/by one's own power); बलेन (balena) - by strength; अन्नम् (annam) - food; अर्जयित्वा (arjayitvā) - having obtained; अविहिंसकः (avihiṁsakaḥ) - non-injurious; not harming; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives; विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins; न (na) - not; स (sa) - he; दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - forts; strongholds; dangers; hardships; सेवते (sevate) - attends; seeks; resorts to;]
(By one's own strength, by strength, food having obtained, non-injurious, who gives to Brahmins, not he hardships seeks.)
Who, having obtained food by his own strength without harming others and being non-injurious, gives to Brahmins—that person does not resort to fortresses or hardships. (13-113-18)
न्यायेनावाप्तमन्नं तु नरो लोभविवर्जितः। द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यो दत्त्वा पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१३-११३-१९॥
nyāyenāvāptam annaṃ tu naro lobhavivarjitaḥ। dvijebhyo vedavṛddhebhyo dattvā pāpāt pramucyate॥13-113-19॥
[न्यायेन (nyāyena) - through justice; आवाप्तम् (āvāptam) - obtained; अन्नम् (annam) - food; तु (tu) - but; नरः (naraḥ) - man; लोभविवर्जितः (lobha-vivarjitaḥ) - free from greed; द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to the twice-born; वेदवृद्धेभ्यः (veda-vṛddhebhyaḥ) - to those advanced in the Veda; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released;]
(But the man, free from greed, having obtained food through justice, having given (it) to the twice-born, to those advanced in the Veda, is released from sin.)
A man who, free from greed, obtains food through just means and gives it to the twice-born who are versed in the Veda, is released from sin. (13-113-19)
अन्नमूर्जस्करं लोके दत्त्वोर्जस्वी भवेन्नरः। सतां पन्थानमाश्रित्य सर्वपापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१३-११३-२०॥
annam ūrjaskar am loke dattvā urjasvī bhaven naraḥ. satām panthānam āśritya sarvapāpāt pramucyate ॥13-113-20॥
[अन्नम् (annam) - food; ऊर्जस्करम् (ūrjaskaram) - giving strength; energetically productive; लोके (loke) - in the world; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; ऊर्जस्वी (urjasvī) - strong; vigorous; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; सताम् (satām) - of the good; of the virtuous; पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path; way; आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to; having taken refuge in; सर्वपापात् (sarvapāpāt) - from all sins; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released; is freed;]
(Food, giving strength, in the world, having given, strong, may become, a man. Of the virtuous, path, having resorted to, from all sins, is freed.)
By giving food that bestows strength in the world, a man may become vigorous; having followed the path of the virtuous, he is freed from all sins. (13-113-20)
दानकृद्भिः कृतः पन्था येन यान्ति मनीषिणः। ते स्म प्राणस्य दातारस्तेभ्यो धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-११३-२१॥
dānakṛdbhiḥ kṛtaḥ panthā yena yānti manīṣiṇaḥ। te sma prāṇasya datāras tebhyo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ॥13-113-21॥
[दानकृद्भिः (dānakṛdbhiḥ) - by the givers of gifts; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made; पन्था (panthā) - path; येन (yena) - by which; यान्ति (yānti) - go; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; ते (te) - they; स्म (sma) - indeed; प्राणस्य (prāṇasya) - of life; दातारः (datāraḥ) - givers; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - than them; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(By the givers of gifts, the path made by which the wise go; they indeed, the givers of life, than them, duty eternal.)
The path made by the givers of gifts, by which the wise go, those indeed are the givers of life; the eternal duty is greater than them. (13-113-21)
सर्वावस्थं मनुष्येण न्यायेनान्नमुपार्जितम्। कार्यं पात्रगतं नित्यमन्नं हि परमा गतिः ॥१३-११३-२२॥
sarvāvasthaṃ manuṣyeṇa nyāyenānnamupārjitam। kāryaṃ pātragataṃ nityamannaṃ hi paramā gatiḥ ॥13-113-22॥
[सर्वावस्थं (sarvāvastham) - in all situations; मनुष्येण (manuṣyeṇa) - by a human; न्यायेन (nyāyena) - by justice; अन्नम् (annam) - food; उपार्जितम् (upārjitam) - acquired; कार्यं (kāryam) - should be done; पात्रगतं (pātragatam) - placed in a vessel; नित्यं (nityam) - always; अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; हि (hi) - indeed; परमा (paramā) - supreme; गतिः (gatiḥ) - destination;]
(In all situations, by a human, food acquired by justice should be (placed) in a vessel; always, indeed, food is the supreme destination.)
Food acquired justly by a person in all circumstances should always be kept in a proper vessel; indeed, food is the supreme attainment. (13-113-22)
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन नरो दुर्गं न सेवते। तस्मादन्नं प्रदातव्यमन्यायपरिवर्जितम् ॥१३-११३-२३॥
annasya hi pradānena naro durgaṃ na sevate। tasmād annaṃ pradātavyam anyāya-parivarjitam ॥13-113-23॥
[अन्नस्य (annasya) - of food; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रदानेन (pradānena) - by giving; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; दुर्गम् (durgaṃ) - danger; न (na) - not; सेवते (sevate) - experiences; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अन्नम् (annam) - food; प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be given; अन्याय-परिवर्जितम् (anyāya-parivarjitam) - free from injustice;]
(Of food indeed by giving, a man danger not experiences. Therefore, food should be given free from injustice.)
Indeed, by giving food, a man does not encounter danger. Therefore, food should be given free from injustice. (13-113-23)
यतेद्ब्राह्मणपूर्वं हि भोक्तुमन्नं गृही सदा। अवन्ध्यं दिवसं कुर्यादन्नदानेन मानवः ॥१३-११३-२४॥
yatedbrāhmaṇapūrvaṃ hi bhoktumannaṃ gṛhī sadā। avandhyaṃ divasaṃ kuryādannadānena mānavaḥ ॥13-113-24॥
[यत् (yat) - as; एद् (ed) - here; ब्राह्मणपूर्वम् (brāhmaṇapūrvam) - with a Brāhmaṇa first; हि (hi) - indeed; भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat; अन्नम् (annam) - food; गृही (gṛhī) - householder; सदा (sadā) - always; अवन्ध्यम् (avandhyam) - non-futile; fruitful; दिवसम् (divasam) - day; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make; अन्नदानेन (annadānena) - by giving food; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man;]
(As here, with a Brāhmaṇa first indeed, to eat food, a householder always, a non-futile day should make by giving food, a man.)
A householder should always, before he himself eats, offer food first to a Brāhmaṇa; in this way, by giving food, a man makes his day fruitful. (13-113-24)
भोजयित्वा दशशतं नरो वेदविदां नृप। न्यायविद्धर्मविदुषामितिहासविदां तथा ॥१३-११३-२५॥
bhojayitvā daśaśataṃ naro vedavidāṃ nṛpa। nyāyavid-dharmaviduṣām-itihāsavidāṃ tathā ॥13-113-25॥
[भोजयित्वा (bhojayitvā) - having caused to eat; दशशतम् (daśaśatam) - one thousand (ten hundreds); नरः (naraḥ) - man; वेदविदाम् (vedavidām) - of knowers of the Veda; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; न्यायविद्धर्मविदुषाम् (nyāyavid-dharmaviduṣām) - of those knowing law (nyāya) and dharma; इतिहासविदाम् (itihāsavidām) - of those knowing history; तथा (tathā) - in like manner;]
(Having caused to eat one thousand of the knowers of the Veda, O king, and of those knowing law and dharma, and of those knowing history, in like manner.)
O king, having fed a thousand knowers of the Veda, and likewise those versed in law, dharma, and history.
न याति नरकं घोरं संसारांश्च न सेवते। सर्वकामसमायुक्तः प्रेत्य चाप्यश्नुते फलम् ॥१३-११३-२६॥
na yāti narakaṃ ghoraṃ saṃsārāṃś ca na sevate. sarvakāmasamāyuktaḥ pretya cāpy aśnute phalam ॥13-113-26॥
[न (na) - not; याति (yāti) - goes; नरकं (narakaṃ) - to hell; घोरं (ghoraṃ) - terrible; संसारान् (saṃsārān) - cycles of birth and death; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; सेवते (sevate) - experiences; सर्वकामसमायुक्तः (sarvakāmasamāyuktaḥ) - endowed with all desires; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains; फलम् (phalam) - fruit (result);]
(He does not go to terrible hell, nor does he experience cycles of birth and death. Endowed with all desires, after death he also attains the fruit.)
He does not go to terrible hell nor experience the cycles of rebirth; being endowed with all desires, after death he also attains the result. (13-113-26)
एवं सुखसमायुक्तो रमते विगतज्वरः। रूपवान्कीर्तिमांश्चैव धनवांश्चोपपद्यते ॥१३-११३-२७॥
evaṃ sukhasamāyukto ramate vigatajvaraḥ। rūpavānkīrtimāṃścaiva dhanavāṃścopapadyate ॥13-113-27॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; सुखसमायुक्तः (sukhasamāyuktaḥ) - endowed with happiness; रमते (ramate) - enjoys; विगतज्वरः (vigatajvaraḥ) - free from distress; रूपवान् (rūpavān) - possessing beauty; कीर्तिमान् (kīrtimān) - possessing fame; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; धनवान् (dhanavān) - possessing wealth; च (ca) - and; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - attains;]
(Thus, endowed with happiness, enjoys, free from distress; possessing beauty, possessing fame and indeed, possessing wealth and attains.)
Thus, endowed with happiness, one who is free from distress enjoys; he attains beauty, fame, and wealth. (13-113-27)
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातमन्नदानफलं महत्। मूलमेतद्धि धर्माणां प्रदानस्य च भारत ॥१३-११३-२८॥
etat te sarvam ākhyātam annadāna-phalaṃ mahat। mūlam etad dhi dharmāṇāṃ pradānasya ca bhārata ॥13-113-28॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; अन्नदानफलं (annadāna-phalaṃ) - the fruit of giving food; महत् (mahat) - great; मूलम् (mūlam) - the root; एतत् (etat) - this; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of virtues; प्रदानस्य (pradānasya) - of giving; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(This to you all has been told, the great fruit of the gift of food. This indeed is the root of virtues and giving, O Bhārata.)
All this has been told to you—the great fruit of offering food. This is indeed the very root of virtues and of giving, O Bhārata. (13-113-28)
