Karika 51

ऊहः शब्दोऽध्ययनं दुःखविघातास्त्रयः सुहृत्प्राप्तिः। दानं च सिद्धयोऽष्टौ सिद्धेः पूर्वोऽङ्कुशस्त्रिविधः ॥५१॥

ūhaḥ śabdō'dhyayanaṁ duḥkhavighātāstrayaḥ suhr̥tprāptiḥ। dānaṁ ca siddhayō'ṣṭau siddhēḥ pūrvō'ṅkuśastrividhaḥ ॥51॥

[ऊहः शब्दो अध्ययनं दुःखः विघातः त्रयः सुहृत् प्राप्तिः। दानं च सिद्धयः अष्टौ सिद्धेः पूर्वो अङ्कुशः त्रिविधः॥
ūhaḥ = imagination or reasoning; śabdō = understanding of words or sound; adhyayanaṁ = study; duḥkhaḥ vighātaḥ trayaḥ suhr̥t = prevention of three types of pain; prāptiḥ = acquisition of friendly relation; dānaṁ = charity; ca = and; siddhayaḥ = perfections; aṣṭau = eight; siddhēḥ pūrvō = those mentioned before the perfections; aṅkuśaḥ = are constraints; trividhaḥ = three in number;]

Reasoning, understanding of words, study, prevention of three types of pain, acquisition of friendly relation, and charity, are eight perfections. The three topics mentioned before perfection (i.e misunderstanding, weakness, and complacency) act as restraints.

The three kinds of pain are ādhyātmika - bodily and mental pain caused within, adhibhūta - pain caused by external known causes, and ādhidaivika - pain caused by external unknown causes. While one tries to attain eight perfections one should get rid of misunderstanding, weakness, and complacency as they are restraining in nature.