Mahabharata - Ādi Parva (महाभारत - आदि पर्व)
Chapter 19: Gāndhārī’s hard mass is divided by Vyāsa into 101 embryos; jealousy underlies both Gāndhārī’s anguish and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s dynastic anxiety.
Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
Vaiśampāyana said:
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ततः पुत्रशतं जज्ञे गान्धार्यां जनमेजय । धृतराष्ट्रस्य वैश्यायामेकश्चापि शतात्परः ॥BORI: १-१०७-१॥
Then, Janamejaya, a hundred sons were born to Dhritarashtra by Gandhari, and one more beyond the hundred by a Vaishya woman. (BORI: 1-107-1)
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जनमेजय उवाच॥
Janamejaya said:
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कथं पुत्रशतं जज्ञे गान्धार्यां द्विजसत्तम । कियता चैव कालेन तेषामायुश्च किं परम् ॥BORI: १-१०७-३॥
How were a hundred sons born to Gandhari, best of brahmins? How long did it take, and what was the full extent of their lifespan? (BORI: 1-107-3)
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कथं चैकः स वैश्यायां धृतराष्ट्रसुतोऽभवत् । कथं च सदृशीं भार्यां गान्धारीं धर्मचारिणीम् । आनुकूल्ये वर्तमानां धृतराष्ट्रोऽत्यवर्तत ॥BORI: १-१०७-४॥
How did that one son of Dhritarashtra come to be born to a Vaishya woman? And how did Dhritarashtra disregard Gandhari, his well-matched and virtuous wife, who always sought to please him? (BORI: 1-107-4)
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एतद्विद्वन्यथावृत्तं विस्तरेण तपोधन । कथयस्व न मे तृप्तिः कथ्यमानेषु बन्धुषु ॥BORI: १-१०७-६॥
Knowing how all this happened, tell me in detail, O rich in austerities; I never tire of hearing about my kinsmen. (BORI: 1-107-6)
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Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
Vaiśampāyana said:
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Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
क्षुच्छ्रमाभिपरिग्लानं द्वैपायनमुपस्थितम् । तोषयामास गान्धारी व्यासस्तस्यै वरं ददौ ॥BORI: १-१०७-७॥
When Dvaipayana came to her, utterly exhausted by hunger and fatigue, Gandhari satisfied him, and Vyasa granted her a boon. (BORI: 1-107-7)
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सा वव्रे सदृशं भर्तुः पुत्राणां शतमात्मनः ॥BORI: १-१०७-८A॥
She chose for herself a hundred sons equal to her husband. (BORI: 1-107-8A)
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Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
ततः कालेन सा गर्भं धृतराष्ट्रादथाग्रहीत् ॥BORI: १-१०७-८B॥
Then, in due course, she conceived a child by Dhritarashtra. (BORI: 1-107-8B)
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संवत्सरद्वयं तं तु गान्धारी गर्भमाहितम् । अप्रजा धारयामास ततस्तां दुःखमाविशत् ॥BORI: १-१०७-९॥
Gandhari carried that pregnancy for two full years without giving birth; then sorrow overcame her. (BORI: 1-107-9)
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श्रुत्वा कुन्तीसुतं जातं बालार्कसमतेजसम् । उदरस्यात्मनः स्थैर्यमुपलभ्यान्वचिन्तयत् ॥BORI: १-१०७-१०॥
Hearing that Kunti’s son had been born, radiant as the rising sun, and realizing that her own womb remained unchanged, she began to brood. (BORI: 1-107-10)
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अज्ञातं धृतराष्ट्रस्य यत्नेन महता ततः । सोदरं पातयामास गान्धारी दुःखमूर्च्छिता ॥BORI: १-१०७-११॥
Gandhari, overcome with grief, then induced a miscarriage with great effort, without Dhritarashtra’s knowledge. (BORI: 1-107-11)
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ततो जज्ञे मांसपेशी लोहाष्ठीलेव संहता । द्विवर्षसम्भृतां कुक्षौ तामुत्स्रष्टुं प्रचक्रमे ॥BORI: १-१०७-१२॥
Then a compact mass of flesh, like an iron ball, emerged. She began to cast away what she had carried in her womb for two years. (BORI: 1-107-12)
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अथ द्वैपायनो ज्ञात्वा त्वरितः समुपागमत् । तां स मांसमयीं पेशीं ददर्श जपतां वरः ॥BORI: १-१०७-१३॥
Then Dvaipayana, learning of this, came swiftly. That foremost of those who recite sacred texts saw the mass of flesh. (BORI: 1-107-13)
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Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
ततोऽब्रवीत्सौबलेयीं किमिदं ते चिकीर्षितम् । सा चात्मनो मतं सत्यं शशंस परमर्षये ॥BORI: १-१०७-१४॥
Then he said to Saubaleyī, “What have you intended to do?” And she truthfully disclosed her intention to the great seer: (BORI: 1-107-14)
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ज्येष्ठं कुन्तीसुतं जातं श्रुत्वा रविसमप्रभम् । दुःखेन परमेणेदमुदरं पातितं मया ॥BORI: १-१०७-१५॥
When I heard that Kunti’s eldest son had been born, radiant as the sun, I was overwhelmed with grief and struck my womb. (BORI: 1-107-15)
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शतं च किल पुत्राणां वितीर्णं मे त्वया पुरा । इयं च मे मांसपेशी जाता पुत्रशताय वै ॥BORI: १-१०७-१६॥
You once promised me a hundred sons, but this lump of flesh has been born to me in place of those hundred sons. (BORI: 1-107-16)
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व्यास उवाच॥
Vyasa said:
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एवमेतत्सौबलेयि नैतज्जात्वन्यथा भवेत् । वितथं नोक्तपूर्वं मे स्वैरेष्वपि कुतोऽन्यथा ॥BORI: १-१०७-१७॥
It is indeed so, daughter of Subala; it can never be otherwise. I have never spoken falsely, even in jest—how then could this be otherwise? (BORI: 1-107-17)
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घृतपूर्णं कुण्डशतं क्षिप्रमेव विधीयताम् । शीताभिरद्भिरष्ठीलामिमां च परिषिञ्चत ॥BORI: १-१०७-१८॥
Have a hundred pots filled with ghee prepared immediately, and douse this hard lump with cold water. (BORI: 1-107-18)
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Gāndhārī’s jealousy at Kuntī’s childbirth leads to the hard mass and 101 embryos;
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
Vaiśampāyana said:
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सा सिच्यमाना अष्ठीला अभवच्छतधा तदा । अङ्गुष्ठपर्वमात्राणां गर्भाणां पृथगेव तु ॥BORI: १-१०७-१९॥
As it was sprinkled, that hard lump then divided into a hundred parts; the embryos, each separate and the size of a thumb joint… (BORI: 1-107-19)
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एकाधिकशतं पूर्णं यथायोगं विशां पते । मांसपेश्यास्तदा राजन्क्रमशः कालपर्ययात् ॥BORI: १-१०७-२०॥
In all, O lord of the people, a full hundred and one formed in due order from the lump of flesh as time passed. (BORI: 1-107-20)
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ततस्तांस्तेषु कुण्डेषु गर्भानवदधे तदा । स्वनुगुप्तेषु देशेषु रक्षां च व्यदधात्ततः ॥BORI: १-१०७-२१॥
He then placed those embryos in the jars, in well-protected places, and made arrangements for their protection. (BORI: 1-107-21)
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शशास चैव भगवान्कालेनैतावता पुनः । विघट्टनीयान्येतानि कुण्डानीति स्म सौबलीम् ॥BORI: १-१०७-२२॥
The Lord further instructed Saubali, “Once this much time has passed, these jars are to be opened.” (BORI: 1-107-22)
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इत्युक्त्वा भगवान्व्यासस्तथा प्रतिविधाय च । जगाम तपसे धीमान्हिमवन्तं शिलोच्चयम् ॥BORI: १-१०७-२३॥
Having said this and made the necessary arrangements, the wise Lord Vyasa departed for the Himalayas, the mountain range, to practise austerities. (BORI: 1-107-23)
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जज्ञे क्रमेण चैतेन तेषां दुर्योधनो नृपः । जन्मतस्तु प्रमाणेन ज्येष्ठो राजा युधिष्ठिरः ॥BORI: १-१०७-२४॥
Duryodhana was born in this sequence; but judged by birth, King Yudhishthira was the eldest of them. (BORI: 1-107-24)
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Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s dynastic anxiety emerges at Duryodhana’s birth.
जातमात्रे सुते तस्मिन्धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् । समानीय बहून्विप्रान्भीष्मं विदुरमेव च ॥BORI: १-१०७-२५॥
As soon as that son was born, Dhritarashtra summoned many Brahmins, as well as Bhishma and Vidura, and said: (BORI: 1-107-25)
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युधिष्ठिरो राजपुत्रो ज्येष्ठो नः कुलवर्धनः । प्राप्तः स्वगुणतो राज्यं न तस्मिन्वाच्यमस्ति नः ॥BORI: १-१०७-२६॥
Prince Yudhishthira, the eldest among us, perpetuates our line. He has attained the kingdom through his own merits, and we have nothing to say against him. (BORI: 1-107-26)
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अयं त्वनन्तरस्तस्मादपि राजा भविष्यति । एतद्धि ब्रूत मे सत्यं यदत्र भविता ध्रुवम् ॥BORI: १-१०७-२७॥
But this one, next after him, will also become king. Tell me truthfully what is certain to happen in this matter. (BORI: 1-107-27)
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वाक्यस्यैतस्य निधने दिक्षु सर्वासु भारत । क्रव्यादाः प्राणदन्घोराः शिवाश्चाशिवशंसिनः ॥BORI: १-१०७-२८॥
As these words came to an end, O Bharata, terrible beasts of prey and jackals howled in every direction, portending evil. (BORI: 1-107-28)
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Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s dynastic anxiety emerges at Duryodhana’s birth.
लक्षयित्वा निमित्तानि तानि घोराणि सर्वशः । तेऽब्रुवन्ब्राह्मणा राजन्विदुरश्च महामतिः ॥BORI: १-१०७-२९॥
Having observed all those dreadful omens, the Brahmins and the exceedingly wise Vidura said, O king: (BORI: 1-107-29)
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व्यक्तं कुलान्तकरणो भवितैष सुतस्तव । तस्य शान्तिः परित्यागे पुष्ट्या त्वपनयो महान् ॥BORI: १-१०७-३०॥
Clearly, this son of yours will bring your lineage to an end. Abandoning him will bring peace, but raising him will bring great disaster. (BORI: 1-107-30)
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शतमेकोनमप्यस्तु पुत्राणां ते महीपते । एकेन कुरु वै क्षेमं लोकस्य च कुलस्य च ॥BORI: १-१०७-३१॥
O king, let your sons number ninety-nine. By sacrificing one, secure the welfare of both the world and your lineage. (BORI: 1-107-31)
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त्यजेदेकं कुलस्यार्थे ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत् । ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ॥BORI: १-१०७-३२॥
One should abandon an individual for the sake of the family, a family for the sake of the village, and the village for the sake of the realm; for one’s own sake, one should abandon the whole earth. (BORI: 1-107-32)
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स तथा विदुरेणोक्तस्तैश्च सर्वैर्द्विजोत्तमैः । न चकार तथा राजा पुत्रस्नेहसमन्वितः ॥BORI: १-१०७-३३॥
Though Vidura and all those foremost Brahmins advised him accordingly, the king, bound by affection for his son, did not act upon their counsel. (BORI: 1-107-33)
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Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s dynastic anxiety emerges at Duryodhana’s birth.
ततः पुत्रशतं सर्वं धृतराष्ट्रस्य पार्थिव । मासमात्रेण सञ्जज्ञे कन्या चैका शताधिका ॥BORI: १-१०७-३४॥
Then, O king, all one hundred sons of Dhritarashtra were born within the space of a month, as well as one daughter in addition to the hundred. (BORI: 1-107-34)
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गान्धार्यां क्लिश्यमानायामुदरेण विवर्धता । धृतराष्ट्रं महाबाहुं वैश्या पर्यचरत्किल ॥BORI: १-१०७-३५॥
While Gandhari was suffering from her growing womb, a Vaishya woman attended upon the mighty-armed Dhritarashtra. (BORI: 1-107-35)
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तस्मिन्संवत्सरे राजन्धृतराष्ट्रान्महायशाः । जज्ञे धीमांस्ततस्तस्यां युयुत्सुः करणो नृप ॥BORI: १-१०७-३६॥
In that year, O king, the illustrious and wise Yuyutsu, a Karaṇa, was then born to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by that woman, O ruler. (BORI: 1-107-36)
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एवं पुत्रशतं जज्ञे धृतराष्ट्रस्य धीमतः । महारथानां वीराणां कन्या चैकाथ दुःशला ॥BORI: १-१०७-३७॥
Thus were born to the wise Dhritarashtra a hundred heroic sons, all great chariot-warriors, and one daughter, Duhshala. (BORI: 1-107-37)
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Supplementary Verses from Other Witnesses.
ततः कुण्डशतं तत्र आनाय्य तु महानृषिः ॥KUMB: १-१२९-३७॥
Then the great seer had a hundred jars brought there... (KUMB: 1-129-37)
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उवाच चैनां भगवान्कालेनैतावता पुनः । स्फुटमानेषु कुण्डेषु जाताञ्जानीहि शोभने ॥KUMB: १-१२९-४०॥
After that length of time, the venerable sage again said to her, “When the pots split open, know, fair one, that they have been born.” (KUMB: 1-129-40)
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अह्नोत्तराः कुमारस्ते कुण्डेभ्यस्तु समुत्थिताः । तेनैवैषां क्रमेणासीज्ज्येष्ठानुज्येष्ठता तदा ॥KUMB: १-१२९-४२; KUMB: १-१२९-४३॥
Those boys emerged from the jars one day after another, and their relative seniority was then determined by that same order. (KUMB: 1-129-42; KUMB: 1-129-43)
[PV-SVO:01_019_44]
तदाख्यातं तु भीष्माय विदुराय च धीमते ॥NILA: ०१.११५.०२६॥
This was then reported to Bhishma and to the wise Vidura. (NILA: 01.115.026)
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स जातमात्र एवाथ धृतराष्ट्रसुतो नृप । रासभारावसदृशं रुराव च ननाद च ॥KUMB: १-१२९-६९; NILA: ०१.११५.०२७; NILA: ०१.११५.०२८॥
Then, O king, the moment he was born, that son of Dhritarashtra cried out and roared with a sound like a donkey’s bray. (KUMB: 1-129-69; NILA: 01.115.027; NILA: 01.115.028)
[PV-SVO:01_019_46]
तं खराः प्रत्यभाषन्त गृध्रगोमायुवायसाः ॥KUMB: १-१२९-७०; NILA: ०१.११५.०२८॥
Donkeys, vultures, jackals, and crows answered his cry. (KUMB: 1-129-70; NILA: 01.115.028)
[PV-SVO:01_019_47]
वाताश्च प्रववुश्चापि दिग्दाहश्चाभवत्तदा । ततस्तु भीतवद्राजा धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥KUMB: १-१२९-७१; NILA: ०१.११५.०२९॥
The winds also blew, and the quarters of the sky were ablaze. Then King Dhritarashtra, seeming frightened, said this: (KUMB: 1-129-71; NILA: 01.115.029)
[PV-SVO:01_019_48]
अन्यांश्च सुहृदो राजन्कुरून्सर्वांस्तथैव च ॥KUMB: १-१२९-७२; NILA: ०१.११५.०३०॥
the other friends as well, O king, and likewise all the Kurus… (KUMB: 1-129-72; NILA: 01.115.030)
[PV-SVO:01_019_49]
अस्मिञ्जाते निमित्तानि शंसन्ती हाशिवं महत् । अतो ब्रवीमि विदुर द्रुतं मां भयमाविशत् ॥KUMB: १-१२९-७५॥
When he was born, the omens foretold great evil. Therefore, Vidura, I tell you that fear suddenly seized me. (KUMB: 1-129-75)
[PV-SVO:01_019_50]
यथेमानि निमित्तानि घोराणि मनुजाधिप । उत्थितानि सुते जाते ज्येष्ठे ते पुरुषर्षभ ॥KUMB: १-१२९-७८; NILA: ०१.११५.०३५॥
When these dreadful omens arose at the birth of your eldest son, O lord of men, O bull among men… (KUMB: 1-129-78; NILA: 01.115.035)
[PV-SVO:01_019_51]
एष दुर्योधनो राजा मधुपिङ्गललोचनः । न केवलं कुलस्यान्तं क्षत्रियान्तं करिष्यति ॥KUMB: १-१२९-८०॥
This King Duryodhana, whose eyes are honey-brown, will bring about not only the end of the dynasty but also the end of the Kshatriyas. (KUMB: 1-129-80)
[PV-SVO:01_019_52]
तया समभवद्राजा धृतराष्ट्रो यदृच्छया ॥KUMB: १-१२९-८६॥
King Dhritarashtra happened by chance to lie with her. (KUMB: 1-129-86)
[PV-SVO:01_019_53]
युयुत्सुश्च महातेजा वैश्यापुत्रः प्रतापवान् ॥KUMB: १-१२९-८८; NILA: ०१.११५.०४४॥
and Yuyutsu, the mighty and valiant son of a Vaishya woman… (KUMB: 1-129-88; NILA: 01.115.044)
[PV-SVO:01_019_54]
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s hundred sons are enumerated by name, followed by their sister Duḥśalā.
जनमेजय उवाच॥
Janamejaya said:
[PV-PAN:01_019_55]
ज्येष्ठानुज्येष्ठतां तेषां नामधेयानि चाभिभो । धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्राणामानुपूर्व्येण कीर्तय ॥BORI: १-१०८-१॥
O lord, recount in order the names of Dhritarashtra’s sons and their relative seniority. (BORI: 1-108-1)
[PV-PAN:01_019_56]
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
Vaiśampāyana said:
[PV-PAN:01_019_57]
दुर्योधनो युयुत्सुश्च राजन्दुःशासनस्तथा । दुःसहो दुःशलश्चैव जलसन्धः समः सहः ॥BORI: १-१०८-२॥
Duryodhana, Yuyutsu, O king, and Duḥśāsana; Duḥsaha, Duḥśala, Jalasandha, Sama, and Saha; (BORI: 1-108-2)
[PV-PAN:01_019_58]
विन्दानुविन्दौ दुर्धर्षः सुबाहुर्दुष्प्रधर्षणः । दुर्मर्षणो दुर्मुखश्च दुष्कर्णः कर्ण एव च ॥BORI: १-१०८-३॥
Vinda and Anuvinda, Durdharsha, Subahu, Dushpradharshana, Durmarshana, Durmukha, Dushkarna, and Karna as well; (BORI: 1-108-3)
[PV-PAN:01_019_59]
विविंशतिर्विकर्णश्च जलसन्धः सुलोचनः । चित्रोपचित्रौ चित्राक्षश्चारुचित्रः शरासनः ॥BORI: १-१०८-४॥
Viviṃśati, Vikarṇa, Jalasaṃdha, Sulocana, Citra and Upacitra, Citrākṣa, Cārucitra, and Śarāsana; (BORI: 1-108-4)
[PV-PAN:01_019_60]
दुर्मदो दुष्प्रगाहश्च विवित्सुर्विकटः समः । ऊर्णनाभः सुनाभश्च तथा नन्दोपनन्दकौ ॥BORI: १-१०८-५॥
Durmada, Duṣpragāha, Vivitsu, Vikaṭa, Sama, Ūrṇanābha, Sunābha, and also Nanda and Upanandaka; (BORI: 1-108-5)
[PV-PAN:01_019_61]
सेनापतिः सुषेणश्च कुण्डोदरमहोदरौ । चित्रबाणश्चित्रवर्मा सुवर्मा दुर्विमोचनः ॥BORI: १-१०८-६॥
Senāpati, Suṣeṇa, Kuṇḍodara and Mahodara, Citrabāṇa, Citravarman, Suvarman, and Durvimocana; (BORI: 1-108-6)
[PV-PAN:01_019_62]
अयोबाहुर्महाबाहुश्चित्राङ्गश्चित्रकुण्डलः । भीमवेगो भीमबलो बलाकी बलवर्धनः ॥BORI: १-१०८-७॥
Ayobahu, Mahabahu, Chitranga, Chitrakundala, Bhimavega, Bhimabala, Balaki, and Balavardhana; (BORI: 1-108-7)
[PV-PAN:01_019_63]
उग्रायुधो भीमकर्मा कनकायुर्दृढायुधः । दृढवर्मा दृढक्षत्रः सोमकीर्तिरनूदरः ॥BORI: १-१०८-८॥
Ugrāyudha, Bhīmakarman, Kanakāyus, Dṛḍhāyudha, Dṛḍhavarman, Dṛḍhakṣatra, Somakīrti, and Anūdara… (BORI: 1-108-8)
[PV-PAN:01_019_64]
दृढसन्धो जरासन्धः सत्यसन्धः सदःसुवाक् । उग्रश्रवा अश्वसेनः सेनानीर्दुष्पराजयः ॥BORI: १-१०८-९॥
Dṛḍhasandha, Jarāsandha, Satyasandha, Sadaḥsuvāk, Ugraśravas, Aśvasena, Senānī, and Duṣparājaya. (BORI: 1-108-9)
[PV-PAN:01_019_65]
अपराजितः पण्डितको विशालाक्षो दुरावरः । दृढहस्तः सुहस्तश्च वातवेगसुवर्चसौ ॥BORI: १-१०८-१०॥
Aparājita, Paṇḍitaka, Viśālākṣa, Durāvara, Dṛḍhahasta, Suhasta, Vātavega, and Suvarcas. (BORI: 1-108-10)
[PV-PAN:01_019_66]
आदित्यकेतुर्बह्वाशी नागदन्तोग्रयायिनौ । कवची निषङ्गी पाशी च दण्डधारो धनुर्ग्रहः ॥BORI: १-१०८-११॥
Ādityaketu, Bahvāśin, Nāgadanta, and Ugrayāyin; Kavacin, Niṣaṅgin, Pāśin, Daṇḍadhara, and Dhanurgraha… (BORI: 1-108-11)
[PV-PAN:01_019_67]
उग्रो भीमरथो वीरो वीरबाहुरलोलुपः । अभयो रौद्रकर्मा च तथा दृढरथस्त्रयः ॥BORI: १-१०८-१२॥
Ugra, Bhīmaratha, Vīra, Vīrabāhu, Alolupa, and the three—Abhaya, Raudrakarman, and Dṛḍharatha— (BORI: 1-108-12)
[PV-PAN:01_019_68]
अनाधृष्यः कुण्डभेदी विरावी दीर्घलोचनः । दीर्घबाहुर्महाबाहुर्व्यूढोरुः कनकध्वजः ॥BORI: १-१०८-१३॥
Anādhṛṣya, Kuṇḍabhedin, Virāvin, Dīrghalocana, Dīrghabāhu, Mahābāhu, Vyūḍhoru, and Kanakadhvaja. (BORI: 1-108-13)
[PV-PAN:01_019_69]
कुण्डाशी विरजाश्चैव दुःशला च शताधिका । एतदेकशतं राजन्कन्या चैका प्रकीर्तिता ॥BORI: १-१०८-१४॥
Kuṇḍāśī and Virajā, and Duḥśalā in addition to the hundred—thus, O king, one hundred and one daughter have been named. (BORI: 1-108-14)
[PV-PAN:01_019_70]
नामधेयानुपूर्व्येण विद्धि जन्मक्रमं नृप । सर्वे त्वतिरथाः शूराः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥BORI: १-१०८-१५॥
Know, O king, that the order of their names is the order of their birth. They were all mighty chariot-warriors, all valiant, and all skilled in warfare. (BORI: 1-108-15)
[PV-PAN:01_019_71]
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s hundred sons are enumerated by name, followed by their sister Duḥśalā.
ते च पञ्च शतं चैव कुरुवंशविवर्धनाः । सर्वे ववृधुरल्पेन कालेनाप्स्विव नीरजाः ॥BORI: १-११५-२८॥
Those five, and the hundred as well—the perpetuators of the Kuru line—all grew in a short time, like lotuses in water. (BORI: 1-115-28)
[PV-KDV:01_019_72]
सर्वे वेदविदश्चैव राजशास्त्रेषु कोविदाः । सर्वे संसर्गविद्यासु विद्याभिजनशोभिनः ॥BORI: १-१०८-१६॥
All were versed in the Vedas and skilled in the science of kingship; all were knowledgeable in the arts of social conduct and distinguished by learning and noble birth. (BORI: 1-108-16)
[PV-OTH:01_019_73]
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s hundred sons are enumerated by name, followed by their sister Duḥśalā.
सर्वेषामनुरूपाश्च कृता दारा महीपते । धृतराष्ट्रेण समये समीक्ष्य विधिवत्तदा ॥BORI: १-१०८-१७॥
O king, Dhritarashtra duly considered the matter and then, at the proper time, arranged suitable wives for all of them. (BORI: 1-108-17)
[PV-KDV:01_019_74]
दुःशलां समये राजा सिन्धुराजाय भारत । जयद्रथाय प्रददौ सौबलानुमते तदा ॥BORI: १-१०८-१८॥
At the proper time, O Bharata, the king gave Duḥśalā in marriage to Jayadratha, king of Sindhu, with Saubala’s consent. (BORI: 1-108-18)
[PV-KDV:01_019_75]
Supplementary Verses from Other Witnesses.
प्रमथश्च प्रमाथी च दीर्घरोमश्च वीर्यवान् ॥KUMB: १-१३१-१३; NILA: ०१.११७.०१३॥
Pramatha, Pramāthin, and the valiant Dīrgharoman— (KUMB: 1-131-13; NILA: 01.117.013)
[PV-SVO:01_019_76]
इति पुत्रशतं राजन्युयुत्सुश्च शताधिकः । कन्यका दुःशला चैव यथावत्कीर्तितं मया ॥KUMB: १-१३१-१९॥
Thus, O king, I have duly named the hundred sons, Yuyutsu as the one beyond the hundred, and the daughter Duḥśalā as well. (KUMB: 1-131-19)
[PV-SVO:01_019_77]
अनुगृह्णीष्व कल्याणि मद्रराजसुतामपि ॥KUMB: १-१३३-९॥
Bless the daughter of the king of Madra as well, gracious lady. (KUMB: 1-133-9)
[PV-SVO:01_019_78]
धर्मं वै धर्मशास्त्रोक्तं यथा वदसि तत्तथा । तस्मादनुग्रहं तस्याः करोमि कुरुनन्दन ॥KUMB: १-१३३-१५॥
The law is indeed as you say, in accordance with the scriptures on law. Therefore, O delight of the Kurus, I shall grant her this favor. (KUMB: 1-133-15)
[PV-SVO:01_019_79]
ततो मन्त्रे कृते तस्मिन्विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा । ततो राजसुता स्नाता शयने संविवेश ह ॥KUMB: १-१३३-१७॥
Then, after that mantra had been duly employed in the prescribed rite, the king’s daughter bathed and got into bed. (KUMB: 1-133-17)
[PV-SVO:01_019_80]
धर्मतो भक्तितश्चैव शीलतो विनयैस्तथा ॥KUMB: १-१३३-१९॥
In virtue, devotion, character, and humility alike… (KUMB: 1-133-19)
[PV-SVO:01_019_81]
पाण्डुपुत्रा व्यराजन्त पञ्च संवत्सरा इव ॥KUMB: १-१३३-२४; NILA: ०१.१२४.०२२॥
The sons of Pandu shone like the five years. (KUMB: 1-133-24; NILA: 01.124.022)
[PV-SVO:01_019_82]
महासत्त्वा महावीर्या महाबलपराक्रमाः । पाण्डुर्दृष्ट्वा सुतांस्तांस्तु देवरूपान्महौजसः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-२५; NILA: ०१.१२४.०२३॥
Great-spirited, mighty in valor, and endowed with immense strength and prowess. When Pandu saw those sons of his, godlike in form and immensely radiant… (KUMB: 1-133-25; NILA: 01.124.023)
[PV-SVO:01_019_83]
मुदं परमिकां लेभे ननन्द च नराधिपः । ऋषीणामपि सर्वेषां शतशृङ्गनिवासिनाम् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-२६; NILA: ०१.१२४.०२४॥
The king felt the greatest joy and rejoiced. To all the seers dwelling on Śataśṛṅga as well… (KUMB: 1-133-26; NILA: 01.124.024)
[PV-SVO:01_019_84]
प्रिया बभूवुस्तासां च तथैव मुनियोषिताम् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-२७; NILA: ०१.१२४.०२५॥
They likewise became dear to the wives of the sages. (KUMB: 1-133-27; NILA: 01.124.025)
[PV-SVO:01_019_85]
जातमात्रानुपादाय शतशृङ्गनिवासिनः । पाण्डोः पुत्रानमन्यन्त तापसाः स्वानिवात्मजान् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३४॥
Taking them in as soon as they were born, the ascetics dwelling on Mount Śataśṛṅga regarded Pāṇḍu’s sons as their own children. (KUMB: 1-133-34)
[PV-SVO:01_019_86]
ततस्तु वृष्णयः सर्वे वसुदेवपुरोगमाः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३५॥
Then all the Vrishnis, led by Vasudeva… (KUMB: 1-133-35)
[PV-SVO:01_019_87]
पाण्डुः शापभयाद्भीतः शतशृङ्गमुपेयिवान् । तत्रैव मुनिभिः सार्धं तापसोऽभूत्तपस्विभिः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३६॥
Frightened by the curse, Pandu went to Shatashringa. There, in the company of ascetic sages, he himself became an ascetic. (KUMB: 1-133-36)
[PV-SVO:01_019_88]
शाकमूलफलाहारस्तपस्वी नियतेन्द्रियः । योगध्यानपरो राजा बभूवेति च वादकाः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३७॥
The king became an ascetic, living on greens, roots, and fruits, his senses restrained and wholly devoted to yoga and meditation—so the storytellers… (KUMB: 1-133-37)
[PV-SVO:01_019_89]
प्रबुवन्ति स्म बहवस्तच्छ्रुत्वा शोककर्शिताः । पाण्डोः प्रीतिसमायुक्ताः कदा श्रोष्याम संकथाः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३८॥
On hearing this, many of them, worn down by grief and full of affection for Pandu, would say, “When shall we hear news of him?” (KUMB: 1-133-38)
[PV-SVO:01_019_90]
इत्येवं कथयन्तस्ते वृष्णयः सह बान्धवैः । पाण्डोः पुत्रागमं श्रुत्वा सर्वे हर्षसमन्विताः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-३९॥
Speaking thus, the Vrishnis and their kinsmen, all filled with joy on hearing that sons had been born to Pandu… (KUMB: 1-133-39)
[PV-SVO:01_019_91]
सभाजयन्तस्तेऽन्योन्यं वसुदेवं वचोऽब्रुवन् । न भवेरन्क्रियाहीनाः पाण्डुपुत्रा महाबलाः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४०॥
Congratulating one another, they said to Vasudeva, “The mighty sons of Pandu must not go without the proper rites.” (KUMB: 1-133-40)
[PV-SVO:01_019_92]
पाण्डोः प्रियहितान्वेषी प्रेषय त्वं पुरोहितम् । वसुदेवस्तथेत्युक्त्वा विससर्ज पुरोहितम् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४१॥
Seeking what would have pleased and benefited Pāṇḍu, send the family priest.” Saying, “So be it,” Vasudeva sent the family priest. (KUMB: 1-133-41)
[PV-SVO:01_019_93]
युक्तानि च कुमाराणां पारबर्हाण्यनेकशः । कुन्तीं माद्रीं च संदिश्य दासीदासपरिच्छदम् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४२॥
many kinds of equipment suitable for the princes and, having assigned a retinue of maidservants and menservants to Kunti and Madri… (KUMB: 1-133-42)
[PV-SVO:01_019_94]
गावो हिरण्यं रौप्यं च प्रेषयामास भारत । तानि सर्वाणि संगृह्य प्रययौ स पुरोहितः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४३॥
He also sent cattle, gold, and silver, O Bharata. The priest gathered all these things and departed. (KUMB: 1-133-43)
[PV-SVO:01_019_95]
तमागतं द्विजश्रेष्ठं काश्यपं वै पुरोहितम् । पूजयामास विधिवत्पाण्डुः परपुरञ्जयः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४४॥
When the eminent Brahmin Kāśyapa, his priest, arrived, Pāṇḍu, conqueror of enemy cities, duly honored him. (KUMB: 1-133-44)
[PV-SVO:01_019_96]
पृथा माद्री च संहृष्टे वसुदेवं प्रशंसताम् । ततः पाण्डुः क्रियाः सर्वाः पाण्डवानामकारयत् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४५॥
Pritha and Madri rejoiced and praised Vasudeva. Then Pandu had all the rites for the Pandavas performed. (KUMB: 1-133-45)
[PV-SVO:01_019_97]
गर्भाधानादिकृत्यानि चौलोपनयनानि च । काश्यपः कृतवान्सर्वमुपाकर्म च भारत ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४६॥
Kāśyapa performed all the rites, beginning with the conception ceremony, as well as the first tonsures, initiations, and the Upākarman ceremony, O Bhārata. (KUMB: 1-133-46)
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चौलोपनयनादूर्ध्वमृषभाक्षा यशस्विनः । वैदिकाध्ययने सर्वे समपद्यन्त पारगाः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४७॥
After their tonsure and initiation, all those illustrious, bull-eyed youths became thoroughly versed in Vedic learning. (KUMB: 1-133-47)
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शर्यातेः प्रथमः पुत्रः शुक्रो नाम परन्तपः । येन सागरपर्यन्ता धुषा निर्जिता मही ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४८॥
Śaryāti’s eldest son was named Śukra, a scorcher of foes, who conquered the earth as far as the ocean by force. (KUMB: 1-133-48)
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अश्वमेधशतैरिष्ट्वा स महात्मा महामखैः । आराध्य देवताः सर्वाः पितॄनपि महामतिः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-४९॥
Having performed a hundred great Aśvamedha sacrifices and propitiated all the gods and the ancestors as well, that great-souled, wise man… (KUMB: 1-133-49)
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शतशृह्गे तपस्तेपे शाकमूलफलाशनः । तेनोपकरणश्रेष्ठैः शिक्षया चोपबृंहिताः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५०॥
At Śataśṛṅga he practiced austerities, subsisting on vegetables, roots, and fruit. Supplied by him with the finest equipment and strengthened by instruction… (KUMB: 1-133-50)
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तत्प्रसादाद्धनुर्वेदे समपद्यन्त पारगाः । गदायां पारगो भीमस्तोमरेषु युधिष्ठिरः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५१॥
Through his favor they mastered the science of arms. Bhima was a master of the mace, and Yudhishthira of javelins. (KUMB: 1-133-51)
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असिचर्मणि निष्णातौ यमौ सत्त्ववतां वरौ । धनुर्वेदे गतः पारं सव्यसाची परन्तपः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५२॥
The two twins, foremost among the valiant, became proficient in sword and shield, while Savyasachi, the scorcher of foes, attained complete mastery of archery. (KUMB: 1-133-52)
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शुक्रेण समनुज्ञातो मत्समोऽयमिति प्रभो । अनुज्ञाय ततो राजा शक्तिं खङ्गं ततः शरान् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५३॥
He was acknowledged by Śukra with the words, “This man is my equal,” O lord. Then, having granted permission, the king—a spear, a sword, and then arrows… (KUMB: 1-133-53)
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धनुश्च दमतां श्रेष्ठस्तालमात्रं महाप्रभम् । विपाठक्षुरनाराचान्गृध्रपक्षैरलङ्कृतान् ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५४॥
the foremost of subduers, a magnificent, radiant bow as tall as a palm tree, and Vipāṭha, Kṣura, and Nārāca arrows fletched with vulture feathers... (KUMB: 1-133-54)
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ददौ पार्थाय संहृष्टो महोरगसमप्रभान् । अवाप्य सर्वशस्त्राणि मुदितो वासवात्मजः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५५॥
Delighted, he gave them to Pārtha, gleaming like great serpents. Having obtained all the weapons, Vāsava’s son rejoiced… (KUMB: 1-133-55)
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मेने सर्वान्महीपालानपर्याप्तान्स्वतेजसः ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५६॥
He considered all the kings no match for his own prowess. (KUMB: 1-133-56)
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एकवर्षान्तरास्त्वेवं परस्परमरिन्दमाः । अन्ववर्तन्त पार्थाश्च माद्रीपुत्रौ तथैव च ॥KUMB: १-१३३-५७॥
Thus the enemy-subduing sons of Pritha, and likewise the two sons of Madri, followed one another at intervals of one year. (KUMB: 1-133-57)
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कस्मिन्वयसि संप्राप्ताः पाण्डवा गजसाह्वयम् । समपद्यन्त देवेभ्यस्तेषामायुश्च किं परम् ॥KUMB: १-१३४-१॥
At what age did the Pandavas reach Gajasahvaya, and what was their final age when they joined the gods? (KUMB: 1-134-1)
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पाण्डवानामिहायुष्यं शृणु कौरवनन्दन । जगाम हास्तिनपुरं षोडशाब्दो युधिष्ठिरः ॥KUMB: १-१३४-२॥
Hear now the ages of the Pandavas at that time, O joy of the Kauravas. Yudhishthira went to Hastinapura when he was sixteen years old. (KUMB: 1-134-2)
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भीमसेनः पञ्चदशो बीभत्सुर्वै चतुर्दशः । त्रयोदशाब्दौ च यमौ जग्मतुर्नागसाह्वयम् ॥KUMB: १-१३४-३॥
Bhimasena went there at fifteen, Bibhatsu at fourteen, and the twins, both thirteen years old, went to Nagasahvaya. (KUMB: 1-134-3)
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तत्र त्रयोदशाब्दानि धार्तराष्ट्रैः सहोषिताः । षण्मासाञ्जातुषगृहान्मुक्ता जातो घटोत्कचः ॥KUMB: १-१३४-४॥
There they lived for thirteen years with the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. After six months, they escaped from the house of lac, and Ghaṭotkaca was born. (KUMB: 1-134-4)
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षण्मासानेकचक्रायां वर्षं पाञ्चालके गृहे । धार्तराष्ट्रैः सहोषित्वा पञ्च वर्षाणि भारत ॥KUMB: १-१३४-५॥
having lived for six months in Ekachakra, one year in the house of the king of Panchala, and five years with the sons of Dhritarashtra, O Bharata… (KUMB: 1-134-5)
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इन्द्रप्रस्थे वसन्तस्ते त्रीणि वर्षाणि विंशतिम् । द्वादशाब्दानथैकं च बभूवुर्द्यूतनिर्जिताः ॥KUMB: १-१३४-६॥
They lived in Indraprastha for twenty-three years; then, defeated at dice, they passed twelve years and one more. (KUMB: 1-134-6)
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भुक्त्वा षट्त्रिंशतं राजन्सागरान्तां वसुन्धराम् । मासैः षड्भिर्महात्मानः सर्वे कृष्णपरायणाः ॥KUMB: १-१३४-७॥
After ruling the earth as far as the ocean for thirty-six years and six months, O king, all those great souls, devoted to Krishna… (KUMB: 1-134-7)
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राज्ये परीक्षितं स्थाप्य दिष्टां गतिमवाप्नुवन् । एवं युधिष्ठिरस्यासीदायुरष्टोत्तरं शतम् ॥KUMB: १-१३४-८॥
Having installed Parikshit as king, they attained their destined end. Thus Yudhishthira’s lifespan was one hundred and eight years. (KUMB: 1-134-8)
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अर्जुनात्केशवो ज्येष्ठस्त्रिभिर्मासैर्महाद्युतिः । कृष्णात्संकर्षणो ज्येष्ठस्त्रिभिर्मासैर्महाबलः ॥KUMB: १-१३४-९॥
The radiant Keshava was three months older than Arjuna, and the mighty Sankarshana was three months older than Krishna. (KUMB: 1-134-9)
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