03.001
Core-Pancharatra: Citizens bid farewell to Pandavas.
जनमेजय उवाच॥
janamejaya uvāca॥
[जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya; (proper noun, name of a king); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Janamejaya said;)
Janamejaya said.
श्राविताः परुषा वाचः सृजद्भिर्वैरमुत्तमम्। किमकुर्वन्त कौरव्या मम पूर्वपितामहाः ॥३-१-२॥
śrāvitāḥ paruṣā vācaḥ sṛjadbhir vairam uttamam। kim akurvanta kauravyā mama pūrvapitāmahāḥ ॥3-1-2॥
[श्राविताः (śrāvitāḥ) - caused to be heard; परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh; वाचः (vācaḥ) - words; सृजद्भिः (sṛjadbhiḥ) - by those who utter; वैरम् (vairam) - enmity; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; किम् (kim) - what; अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - did (they) do; कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas; मम (mama) - my; पूर्वपितामहाः (pūrvapitāmahāḥ) - forefathers;]
(Caused to be heard harsh words by those who utter supreme enmity; what did the Kauravas, my forefathers, do?)
When harsh words causing the greatest enmity were spoken, what did my forefathers, the Kauravas, do? (3-1-2)
कथं चैश्वर्यविभ्रष्टाः सहसा दुःखमेयुषः। वने विजह्रिरे पार्थाः शक्रप्रतिमतेजसः ॥३-१-३॥
kathaṁ caiśvaryavibhraṣṭāḥ sahasā duḥkhameyuṣaḥ। vane vijahrire pārthāḥ śakrapratimatejasaḥ ॥3-1-3॥
[कथं (kathaṁ) - how; च (ca) - and; ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya) - prosperity; विभ्रष्टाः (vibhraṣṭāḥ) - deprived; सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; एयुषः (eyuṣaḥ) - having attained; वने (vane) - in the forest; विजह्रिरे (vijahrire) - they lived; पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pṛthā; शक्र (śakra) - Indra; प्रतिम (pratima) - equal; तेजसः (tejasaḥ) - in brilliance;]
(How and deprived of prosperity, suddenly having attained suffering, in the forest, the sons of Pṛthā, equal to Indra in brilliance, lived.)
How did the sons of Pṛthā, who were suddenly deprived of prosperity and plunged into suffering, live in the forest, possessing brilliance equal to Indra? (3-1-3)
के चैनानन्ववर्तन्त प्राप्तान्व्यसनमुत्तमम्। किमाहाराः किमाचाराः क्व च वासो महात्मनाम् ॥३-१-४॥
ke ca inān anvavartanta prāptān vyasanam uttamam। kim āhārāḥ kim ācārāḥ kva ca vāso mahātmanām ॥3-1-4॥
[के (ke) - who; च (ca) - and; इनान् (inān) - these; अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - followed; प्राप्तान् (prāptān) - having obtained; व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; किम् (kim) - what; आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods; किम् (kim) - what; आचाराः (ācārāḥ) - conducts; क्व (kva) - where; च (ca) - and; वासः (vāsaḥ) - dwelling; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great souls;]
(Who and these followed, having obtained the supreme calamity? What foods, what conducts, and where is the dwelling of the great souls?)
Who were those that followed these after encountering the greatest calamity? What food did they eat, what was their conduct, and where did the great souls reside? (3-1-4)
कथं द्वादश वर्षाणि वने तेषां महात्मनाम्। व्यतीयुर्ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ शूराणामरिघातिनाम् ॥३-१-५॥
kathaṃ dvādaśa varṣāṇi vane teṣāṃ mahātmanām। vyatīyur brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha śūrāṇām arighātinām ॥3-1-5॥
[कथं (kathaṃ) - how; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; वने (vane) - in the forest; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of those; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - great-souled; व्यतीयुः (vyatīyuḥ) - passed; ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठ (brāhmaṇaśreṣṭha) - O best of Brāhmaṇas; शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of the valiant; अरिघातिनाम् (arighātinām) - of the destroyers of enemies;]
(How did twelve years in the forest of those great-souled ones pass, O best of Brāhmaṇas, of the valiant, of the destroyers of enemies?)
O best of Brāhmaṇas, how did those great-souled, valiant destroyers of enemies spend twelve years in the forest? (3-1-5)
कथं च राजपुत्री सा प्रवरा सर्वयोषिताम्। पतिव्रता महाभागा सततं सत्यवादिनी ॥ वनवासमदुःखार्हा दारुणं प्रत्यपद्यत ॥३-१-६॥
kathaṃ ca rājaputrī sā pravarā sarvayoṣitām। pativratā mahābhāgā satataṃ satyavādinī ॥ vanavāsamaduḥkhārhā dāruṇaṃ pratyapadyata ॥3-1-6॥
[कथं (kathaṃ) - how; च (ca) - and; राजपुत्री (rājaputrī) - princess; सा (sā) - she; प्रवरा (pravarā) - foremost; सर्वयोषिताम् (sarvayoṣitām) - of all women; पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to husband; महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - greatly fortunate; सततं (satataṃ) - always; सत्यवादिनी (satyavādinī) - truth-speaking; वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - forest dwelling; अदुःखार्हा (aduḥkhārhā) - not deserving of sorrow; दारुणं (dāruṇam) - harsh; प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - accepted;]
(How and the princess, she, foremost of all women, devoted to husband, greatly fortunate, always truth-speaking, not deserving of sorrow, accepted the harsh forest dwelling.)
How did that princess, the foremost among all women, devoted to her husband, greatly fortunate, always speaking the truth, though not deserving of sorrow, accept the harsh life of forest dwelling? (3-1-6)
एतदाचक्ष्व मे सर्वं विस्तरेण तपोधन। श्रोतुमिच्छामि चरितं भूरिद्रविणतेजसाम् ॥ कथ्यमानं त्वया विप्र परं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥३-१-७॥
etadācakṣva me sarvaṃ vistareṇa tapodhana। śrotumicchāmi caritaṃ bhūridraviṇatejasām ॥ kathyamānaṃ tvayā vipra paraṃ kautūhalaṃ hi me ॥3-1-7॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell; मे (me) - to me; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; तपोधन (tapodhana) - O possessor of austerity; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; चरितम् (caritam) - the deeds; भूरि (bhūri) - abundant; द्रविण (draviṇa) - wealth; तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of the powerful; कथ्यमानम् (kathyamānam) - being narrated; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; विप्र (vipra) - O brāhmaṇa; परम् (param) - supreme; कौतूहलम् (kautūhalam) - curiosity; हि (hi) - indeed; मे (me) - in me;]
(This tell to me all in detail, O possessor of austerity. I wish to hear the deeds of those of abundant wealth and power. Being narrated by you, O brāhmaṇa, supreme curiosity indeed is in me. (3-1-7))
O sage, please tell me all this in detail. I wish to hear the deeds of those endowed with great wealth and power. As you narrate, O brāhmaṇa, my curiosity is truly supreme. (3-1-7)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
एवं द्यूतजिताः पार्थाः कोपिताश्च दुरात्मभिः। धार्तराष्ट्रैः सहामात्यैर्निर्ययुर्गजसाह्वयात् ॥३-१-८॥
evaṃ dyūtajitāḥ pārthāḥ kopitāś ca durātmabhiḥ। dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ sahāmātyair niryayur gajasāhvayāt ॥3-1-8॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; द्यूतजिताः (dyūtajitāḥ) - defeated in dice; पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pṛthā; कोपिताः (kopitāḥ) - angered; च (ca) - and; दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by the wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; सह (saha) - together with; अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - with ministers; निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - departed; गजसाह्वयात् (gajasāhvayāt) - from Hastināpura;]
(Thus, the sons of Pṛthā, defeated in dice and angered by the wicked, departed from Hastināpura together with the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their ministers.)
Thus, the sons of Pṛthā, having been defeated in dice and angered by the wicked sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their ministers, departed from Hastināpura. (3-1-8)
वर्धमानपुरद्वारेणाभिनिष्क्रम्य ते तदा। उदङ्मुखाः शस्त्रभृतः प्रययुः सह कृष्णया ॥३-१-९॥
vardhamānapuradvāreṇābhiniṣkramya te tadā। udaṅmukhāḥ śastrabhṛtaḥ prayayuḥ saha kṛṣṇayā ॥3-1-9॥
[वर्धमानपुरद्वारेण (vardhamānapuradvāreṇa) - by the gate of Vardhamāna city; अभिनिष्क्रम्य (abhiniṣkramya) - having gone out; ते (te) - they; तदा (tadā) - then; उदङ्मुखाः (udaṅmukhāḥ) - facing north; शस्त्रभृतः (śastrabhṛtaḥ) - bearing weapons; प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - set forth; सह (saha) - together with; कृष्णया (kṛṣṇayā) - with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī);]
(Having gone out by the gate of Vardhamāna city, they then, facing north, bearing weapons, set forth together with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī).)
Then, having exited through the gate of Vardhamāna city, they set out facing north, armed, together with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī). (3-1-9)
इन्द्रसेनादयश्चैनान्भृत्याः परिचतुर्दश। रथैरनुययुः शीघ्रैः स्त्रिय आदाय सर्वशः ॥३-१-१०॥
indrasenādayaś cainān bhṛtyāḥ paricaturdaśa। rathair anuyayuḥ śīghraiḥ striya ādāya sarvaśaḥ ॥3-1-10॥
[इन्द्रसेन (indrasena) - Indrasena; (proper name); आदयः (ādayaḥ) - and others; (beginning with); च (ca) - and; एतान् (etān) - these; (them); भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants; परि (pari) - around; (about); चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen; रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots; अनुययुः (anuyayuḥ) - followed; शीघ्रैः (śīghraiḥ) - swift; (quick); स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; (bringing); सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all; (entirely);]
(Indrasena and others and these servants, fourteen in all, followed (them) around by swift chariots, having taken all the women.)
Indrasena and the others, along with these fourteen servants, followed them in swift chariots, bringing all the women with them. (3-1-10)
व्रजतस्तान्विदित्वा तु पौराः शोकाभिपीडिताः। गर्हयन्तोऽसकृद्भीष्मविदुरद्रोणगौतमान् ॥ ऊचुर्विगतसन्त्रासाः समागम्य परस्परम् ॥३-१-११॥
vrajatastānviditvā tu paurāḥ śokābhipīḍitāḥ। garhayanto'sakṛdbhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān ॥ ūcurvigatasantrāsāḥ samāgamya parasparam ॥3-1-11॥
[व्रजतस् (vrajatas) - going; moving; तान् (tān) - them; विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known; तु (tu) - but; पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens; शोकाभिपीडिताः (śokābhipīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by grief; गर्हयन्तः (garhayantaḥ) - blaming; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; द्रोण (droṇa) - Drona; गौतमान् (gautamān) - Gautama (Kripa); ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said; विगतसन्त्रासाः (vigatasantrāsāḥ) - free from fear; समागम्य (samāgamya) - having come together; परस्परम् (parasparam) - to each other;]
(Going, them, having known, but, the citizens, afflicted by grief, blaming, repeatedly, Bhishma, Vidura, Drona, Gautama, said, free from fear, having come together, to each other.)
But the citizens, knowing them as they went, afflicted by grief, repeatedly blamed Bhishma, Vidura, Drona, and Gautama; having come together, free from fear, they spoke to each other. (3-1-11)
नेदमस्ति कुलं सर्वं न वयं न च नो गृहाः। यत्र दुर्योधनः पापः सौबलेयेन पालितः ॥ कर्णदुःशासनाभ्यां च राज्यमेतच्चिकीर्षति ॥३-१-१२॥
nedam asti kulaṃ sarvaṃ na vayaṃ na ca no gṛhāḥ। yatra duryodhanaḥ pāpaḥ saubaleyena pālitaḥ ॥ karṇaduḥśāsanābhyāṃ ca rājyam etac cikīrṣati ॥3-1-12॥
[न (na) - not; इदम् (idam) - this; अस्ति (asti) - is; कुलम् (kulam) - family; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; न (na) - not; वयम् (vayam) - we; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; नः (naḥ) - our; गृहाः (gṛhāḥ) - houses; यत्र (yatra) - where; दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; पापः (pāpaḥ) - wicked; सौबलेयेन (saubaleyena) - by the son of Subala (Śakuni); पालितः (pālitaḥ) - protected; कर्णदुःशासनाभ्याम् (karṇaduḥśāsanābhyām) - by Karṇa and Duḥśāsana; च (ca) - and; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; एतत् (etat) - this; चिकीर्षति (cikīrṣati) - desires to accomplish;]
(Not this is the family all, not we, nor our houses, where Duryodhana, wicked, is protected by the son of Subala, and by Karṇa and Duḥśāsana, and this kingdom he desires to accomplish.)
This is no longer our family, nor are we, nor our homes, where the wicked Duryodhana is protected by the son of Subala, and with Karṇa and Duḥśāsana, he seeks to rule this kingdom. (3-1-12)
नो चेत्कुलं न चाचारो न धर्मोऽर्थः कुतः सुखम्। यत्र पापसहायोऽयं पापो राज्यं बुभूषते ॥३-१-१३॥
no cetkulaṃ na cācāro na dharmo'rthaḥ kutaḥ sukham। yatra pāpasahāyo'yaṃ pāpo rājyaṃ bubhūṣate ॥3-1-13॥
[नो (no) - not; चेत् (cet) - if; कुलं (kulaṃ) - family; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आचारः (ācāraḥ) - conduct; न (na) - not; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose; कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; यत्र (yatra) - where; पापसहायः (pāpasahāyaḥ) - having sinful allies; अयम् (ayam) - this; पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinner; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - desires to enjoy;]
(If there is no family, nor conduct, nor righteousness, nor purpose, whence happiness? Where this sinner, having sinful allies, desires to enjoy the kingdom.)
If there is no family, no good conduct, no righteousness, nor any purpose, then how can there be happiness? In such a place, where this sinner, with sinful allies, desires to rule the kingdom. (3-1-13)
दुर्योधनो गुरुद्वेषी त्यक्ताचारसुहृज्जनः। अर्थलुब्धोऽभिमानी च नीचः प्रकृतिनिर्घृणः ॥३-१-१४॥
duryodhanaḥ gurudveṣī tyaktācārasuhṛjjanaḥ। arthalubdho'bhimānī ca nīcaḥ prakṛtinirghṛṇaḥ ॥3-1-14॥
[दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; (proper noun, name of a person); गुरुद्वेषी (gurudveṣī) - one who hates the teacher; (guru - teacher; dveṣin - hater); त्यक्ताचारसुहृज्जनः (tyaktācārasuhṛjjanaḥ) - one who has abandoned good conduct and friends; (tyakta - abandoned; ācāra - conduct; suhṛt - friend; janaḥ - person); अर्थलुब्धः (arthalubdhaḥ) - greedy for wealth; (artha - wealth; lubdha - greedy); अभिमानी (abhimānī) - proud; (abhimāna - pride; ī - possessing); च (ca) - and; नीचः (nīcaḥ) - base; low; प्रकृतिनिर्घृणः (prakṛtinirghṛṇaḥ) - naturally cruel; (prakṛti - nature; nirghṛṇa - cruel);]
(Duryodhana, hater of the teacher, one who has abandoned good conduct and friends, greedy for wealth, proud and base, naturally cruel.)
Duryodhana was one who hated his teacher, abandoned good conduct and friends, was greedy for wealth, proud, base, and by nature cruel. (3-1-14)
नेयमस्ति मही कृत्स्ना यत्र दुर्योधनो नृपः। साधु गच्छामहे सर्वे यत्र गच्छन्ति पाण्डवाः ॥३-१-१५॥
neyam asti mahī kṛtsnā yatra duryodhano nṛpaḥ। sādhu gacchāmahe sarve yatra gacchanti pāṇḍavāḥ ॥3-1-15॥
[नेयम् (ne-yam) - not-this; अस्ति (asti) - is; मही (mahī) - earth; कृत्स्ना (kṛtsnā) - entire; यत्र (yatra) - where; दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; साधु (sādhu) - well; गच्छामहे (gacchāmahe) - let us go; सर्वे (sarve) - all; यत्र (yatra) - where; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Pāṇḍavas;]
(Not this is the entire earth where Duryodhana is king. Well, let us all go where the Pāṇḍavas go.)
This whole earth is not ours where Duryodhana is king. Let us all go to where the Pāṇḍavas are going. (3-1-15)
सानुक्रोशा महात्मानो विजितेन्द्रियशत्रवः। ह्रीमन्तः कीर्तिमन्तश्च धर्माचारपरायणाः ॥३-१-१६॥
sānukrośā mahātmāno vijitendriyaśatravaḥ। hrīmantāḥ kīrtimantaśca dharmācāraparāyaṇāḥ ॥3-1-16॥
[सानुक्रोशाः (sānukrośāḥ) - with compassion; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled ones; विजितेन्द्रियशत्रवः (vijitendriyaśatravaḥ) - having conquered the enemies which are the senses; ह्रीमन्तः (hrīmantāḥ) - possessed of modesty; कीर्तिमन्तः (kīrtimantaḥ) - possessed of fame; च (ca) - and; धर्माचारपरायणाः (dharmācāraparāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to the practice of dharma;]
(With compassion, great-souled ones, having conquered the enemies which are the senses, possessed of modesty, possessed of fame, and devoted to the practice of dharma.)
They are compassionate, noble-souled, self-controlled, modest, renowned, and devoted to the practice of righteousness. (3-1-16)
एवमुक्त्वानुजग्मुस्तान्पाण्डवांस्ते समेत्य च। ऊचुः प्राञ्जलयः सर्वे तान्कुन्तीमाद्रिनन्दनान् ॥३-१-१७॥
evam-uktvā anujagmuḥ tān pāṇḍavān te sametya ca। ūcuḥ prāñjalayaḥ sarve tān kuntīm-ādrinandanān ॥3-1-17॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed; तान् (tān) - them; पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas; ते (te) - they; समेत्य (sametya) - having approached; च (ca) - and; ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said; प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with folded hands; सर्वे (sarve) - all; तान् (tān) - to them; कुन्तीम् (kuntīm) - Kuntī; आद्रिनन्दनान् (ādrinandanān) - the sons of the mountain (i.e., Pāṇḍavas);]
(Thus having spoken, they followed them, the Pāṇḍavas; having approached, they all with folded hands said to Kuntī and the sons of the mountain.)
Having thus spoken, they followed the Pāṇḍavas; after approaching, all of them with folded hands addressed Kuntī and her sons, the mountain-born. (3-1-17)
क्व गमिष्यथ भद्रं वस्त्यक्त्वास्मान्दुःखभागिनः। वयमप्यनुयास्यामो यत्र यूयं गमिष्यथ ॥३-१-१८॥
kva gamiṣyatha bhadraṃ vastyaktvāsmānduḥkhabhāginaḥ। vayam apy anuyāsyāmo yatra yūyaṃ gamiṣyatha ॥3-1-18॥
[क्व (kva) - where; गमिष्यथ (gamiṣyatha) - you will go; भद्रं (bhadraṃ) - auspicious; वः (vaḥ) - for you; त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow; भागिनः (bhāginaḥ) - partakers; वयम् (vayam) - we; अपि (api) - also; अनुयास्यामः (anuyāsyāmaḥ) - will follow; यत्र (yatra) - where; यूयम् (yūyam) - you; गमिष्यथ (gamiṣyatha) - will go;]
(Where will you go, having abandoned us, the partakers of sorrow? We also will follow where you will go.)
Where will you go, leaving us, who share in sorrow? We too will follow wherever you go. (3-1-18)
अधर्मेण जिताञ्श्रुत्वा युष्मांस्त्यक्तघृणैः परैः। उद्विग्नाः स्म भृशं सर्वे नास्मान्हातुमिहार्हथ ॥३-१-१९॥
adharmeṇa jitāñśrutvā yuṣmāṃstyaktaghṛṇaiḥ paraiḥ। udvignāḥ sma bhṛśaṃ sarve nāsmānhātumihārhatha ॥3-1-19॥
[अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness; जितान् (jitān) - conquered; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; युष्मान् (yuṣmān) - you all; त्यक्तघृणैः (tyaktaghṛṇaiḥ) - by those who have abandoned compassion; परैः (paraiḥ) - by others; उद्विग्नाः (udvignāḥ) - distressed; स्म (sma) - indeed; भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly; सर्वे (sarve) - all; न (na) - not; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon; इह (iha) - here; अर्हथ (arhatha) - you ought; ॥३-१-१९॥ (॥3-1-19॥) - (3-1-19);]
(Having heard that you all have been conquered by others who have abandoned compassion, by unrighteousness, all of us here are indeed greatly distressed; you ought not to abandon us here.)
Hearing that you have been conquered by others who have abandoned compassion and acted unrighteously, we are all greatly distressed; you should not abandon us here. (3-1-19)
भक्तानुरक्ताः सुहृदः सदा प्रियहिते रतान्। कुराजाधिष्ठिते राज्ये न विनश्येम सर्वशः ॥३-१-२०॥
bhaktānuraktāḥ suhṛdaḥ sadā priyahite ratān। kurājādhiṣṭhite rājye na vinaśyema sarvaśaḥ ॥3-1-20॥
[भक्तानुरक्ताः (bhaktānuraktāḥ) - attached to devotees; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - well-wishers; सदा (sadā) - always; प्रियहिते (priyahite) - in what is dear and beneficial; रतान् (ratān) - engaged; कुराजाधिष्ठिते (kurājādhiṣṭhite) - presided over by the Kuru king; राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom; न (na) - not; विनश्येम (vinaśyema) - we would perish; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely;]
(Attached to devotees, well-wishers, always engaged in what is dear and beneficial, in the kingdom presided over by the Kuru king, we would not perish entirely.)
If we, being attached to devotees, well-wishers, and always engaged in what is dear and beneficial, remain in the kingdom ruled by the Kuru king, we would not be destroyed entirely. (3-1-20)
श्रूयतां चाभिधास्यामो गुणदोषान्नरर्षभाः। शुभाशुभाधिवासेन संसर्गं कुरुते यथा ॥३-१-२१॥
śrūyatāṃ cābhidhāsyāmo guṇadoṣānnararṣabhāḥ। śubhāśubhādhivāsena saṃsargaṃ kurute yathā ॥3-1-21॥
[श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard; च (ca) - and; अभिधास्यामः (abhidhāsyāmaḥ) - we shall state; गुणदोषान् (guṇadoṣān) - virtues and faults; नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men; शुभाशुभाधिवासेन (śubhāśubhādhivāsena) - by the influence of auspicious and inauspicious (things); संसर्गम् (saṃsargam) - association; कुरुते (kurute) - makes; यथा (yathā) - as;]
(Let it be heard, and we shall state the virtues and faults, O bulls among men, as association is made by the influence of auspicious and inauspicious (things).)
Hear now, O best of men, we shall describe the virtues and faults, and how association is formed by the influence of auspicious and inauspicious things. (3-1-21)
वस्त्रमापस्तिलान्भूमिं गन्धो वासयते यथा। पुष्पाणामधिवासेन तथा संसर्गजा गुणाः ॥३-१-२२॥
vastram āpas tilān bhūmiṃ gandho vāsayate yathā। puṣpāṇām adhivāsena tathā saṃsargajā guṇāḥ ॥3-1-22॥
[वस्त्रम् (vastram) - cloth; आपः (āpaḥ) - water; तिलान् (tilān) - sesame seeds; भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth; गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - fragrance; वासयते (vāsayate) - causes to be perfumed; यथा (yathā) - just as; पुष्पाणाम् (puṣpāṇām) - of flowers; अधिवासेन (adhivāsena) - by association; तथा (tathā) - so; संसर्गजाः (saṃsargajāḥ) - arising from contact; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities;]
(Just as fragrance causes cloth, water, sesame seeds, and earth to be perfumed, so also qualities arising from contact (are produced) by the association of flowers.)
Just as fragrance perfumes cloth, water, sesame seeds, and earth, so too, by the association of flowers, qualities arising from contact are produced. (3-1-22)
मोहजालस्य योनिर्हि मूढैरेव समागमः। अहन्यहनि धर्मस्य योनिः साधुसमागमः ॥३-१-२३॥
mohajālasya yonir hi mūḍhair eva samāgamaḥ। ahany ahani dharmasya yoniḥ sādhu-samāgamaḥ ॥3-1-23॥
[मोहजालस्य (mohajālasya) - of the net of delusion; योनिः (yoniḥ) - source; हि (hi) - indeed; मूढैः (mūḍhaiḥ) - by the deluded; एव (eva) - only; समागमः (samāgamaḥ) - association; अहन्यहनि (ahany ahani) - day by day; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; योनिः (yoniḥ) - source; साधुसमागमः (sādhu-samāgamaḥ) - association with the virtuous;]
(The source of the net of delusion is indeed only association with the deluded; day by day, the source of dharma is association with the virtuous.)
Association with the deluded is truly the origin of the net of delusion; while daily association with the virtuous is the source of dharma. (3-1-23)
तस्मात्प्राज्ञैश्च वृद्धैश्च सुस्वभावैस्तपस्विभिः। सद्भिश्च सह संसर्गः कार्यः शमपरायणैः ॥३-१-२४॥
tasmāt prājñaiś ca vṛddhaiś ca susvabhāvais tapasvibhiḥ। sadbhiś ca saha saṁsargaḥ kāryaḥ śamaparāyaṇaiḥ ॥3-1-24॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise; च (ca) - and; वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - by the elders; च (ca) - and; सुस्वभावैः (susvabhāvaiḥ) - by those of good nature; तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by ascetics; सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous; च (ca) - and; सह (saha) - with; संसर्गः (saṁsargaḥ) - association; कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done; शमपरायणैः (śamaparāyaṇaiḥ) - with those devoted to tranquility;]
(Therefore, association should be done with the wise, and with the elders, and with those of good nature, with ascetics, with the virtuous, and with those devoted to tranquility.)
Therefore, one should associate with the wise, the elderly, those of good nature, ascetics, the virtuous, and those devoted to tranquility. (3-1-24)
येषां त्रीण्यवदातानि योनिर्विद्या च कर्म च। तान्सेवेत्तैः समास्या हि शास्त्रेभ्योऽपि गरीयसी ॥३-१-२५॥
yeṣāṃ trīṇy avadātāni yonir vidyā ca karma ca। tān seveta taiḥ samāsyā hi śāstrebhyo'pi garīyasī ॥3-1-25॥
[येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom; त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three; अवदातानि (avadātāni) - pure; योनिः (yoniḥ) - birth; विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge; च (ca) - and; कर्म (karma) - action; च (ca) - and; तान् (tān) - them; सेवेत (seveta) - should serve; तैः (taiḥ) - with them; समास्या (samāsyā) - association; हि (hi) - indeed; शास्त्रेभ्यः (śāstrebhyaḥ) - than the scriptures; अपि (api) - even; गरीयसी (garīyasī) - greater;]
(Of whom three (things) are pure—birth, knowledge, and action—one should serve them; for association with them is indeed greater even than (study of) the scriptures.)
One should serve those whose birth, knowledge, and actions are pure, for association with such people is indeed greater than even the study of the scriptures. (3-1-25)
निरारम्भा ह्यपि वयं पुण्यशीलेषु साधुषु। पुण्यमेवाप्नुयामेह पापं पापोपसेवनात् ॥३-१-२६॥
nirārambhā hyapi vayaṃ puṇyaśīleṣu sādhuṣu। puṇyamevāpnuyāmeha pāpaṃ pāpopasevanāt ॥3-1-26॥
[निरारम्भाः (nirārambhāḥ) - without undertaking (actions); हि (hi) - indeed; अपि (api) - even; वयम् (vayam) - we; पुण्यशीलेषु (puṇyaśīleṣu) - among those of virtuous character; साधुषु (sādhuṣu) - among the good; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit; एव (eva) - only; आप्नुयाम (āpnuyāma) - may (we) obtain; इह (iha) - here; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; पापोपसेवनात् (pāpopasevanāt) - from association with the sinful;]
(Even if we are without undertaking (actions), indeed, among those of virtuous character, among the good, may we obtain only merit here; sin (arises) from association with the sinful.)
Even if we do nothing, as long as we are among the virtuous and the good, may we gain only merit here; sin comes from associating with the sinful. (3-1-26)
असतां दर्शनात्स्पर्शात्सञ्जल्पनसहासनात्। धर्माचाराः प्रहीयन्ते न च सिध्यन्ति मानवाः ॥३-१-२७॥
asatāṃ darśanātsparśātsañjalpanasahāsanāt। dharmācārāḥ prahīyante na ca sidhyanti mānavāḥ ॥3-1-27॥
[असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked; दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from seeing; स्पर्शात् (sparśāt) - from touching; सञ्जल्पन (sañjalpana) - from conversing; सहासनात् (sahāsanāt) - from sitting together; धर्माचाराः (dharmācārāḥ) - righteous practices; प्रहीयन्ते (prahīyante) - are diminished; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - are accomplished; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men;]
(From seeing, touching, conversing with, and sitting together with the wicked, righteous practices are diminished, and men are not accomplished.)
By seeing, touching, conversing with, and sitting together with the wicked, righteous conduct declines, and men do not attain success. (3-1-27)
बुद्धिश्च हीयते पुंसां नीचैः सह समागमात्। मध्यमैर्मध्यतां याति श्रेष्ठतां याति चोत्तमैः ॥३-१-२८॥
buddhiś ca hīyate puṁsāṁ nīcaiḥ saha samāgamāt। madhyamair madhyatāṁ yāti śreṣṭhatāṁ yāti cottamaiḥ ॥3-1-28॥
[बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; च (ca) - and; हीयते (hīyate) - is diminished; पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men; नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - by the low; सह (saha) - with; समागमात् (samāgamāt) - from association; मध्यमैः (madhyamaiḥ) - by the mediocre; मध्यताम् (madhyatām) - mediocrity; याति (yāti) - attains; श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - excellence; याति (yāti) - attains; च (ca) - and; उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - by the excellent;]
(Intellect and is diminished of men by the low with association; by the mediocre mediocrity attains, excellence attains and by the excellent.)
The intellect of men is diminished by association with the lowly, attains mediocrity with the mediocre, and attains excellence with the excellent. (3-1-28)
ये गुणाः कीर्तिता लोके धर्मकामार्थसम्भवाः। लोकाचारात्मसम्भूता वेदोक्ताः शिष्टसंमताः ॥३-१-२९॥
ye guṇāḥ kīrtitā loke dharmakāmārthasambhavāḥ। lokācārātmasambhūtā vedoktāḥ śiṣṭasaṃmatāḥ ॥3-1-29॥
[ये (ye) - these; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; कीर्तिताः (kīrtitāḥ) - declared; लोके (loke) - in the world; धर्मकामार्थसम्भवाः (dharmakāmārthasambhavāḥ) - arising from dharma, kāma, and artha; लोकाचारात्मसम्भूता (lokācārātmasambhūtā) - originated from the essence of worldly conduct; वेदोक्ताः (vedoktāḥ) - stated in the Vedas; शिष्टसंमताः (śiṣṭasaṃmatāḥ) - approved by the learned;]
(These qualities, declared in the world, arising from dharma, kāma, and artha, originated from the essence of worldly conduct, stated in the Vedas, approved by the learned.)
These qualities, which are declared in the world as arising from dharma, kāma, and artha, are rooted in the essence of worldly conduct, are stated in the Vedas, and are approved by the learned. (3-1-29)
ते युष्मासु समस्ताश्च व्यस्ताश्चैवेह सद्गुणाः। इच्छामो गुणवन्मध्ये वस्तुं श्रेयोऽभिकाङ्क्षिणः ॥३-१-३०॥
te yuṣmāsu samastāś ca vyastāś caiva iha sadguṇāḥ। icchāmaḥ guṇavat-madhye vastuṃ śreyaḥ abhi-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ ॥3-1-30॥
[ते (te) - they; (those) युष्मासु (yuṣmāsu) - among you; समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - all; च (ca) - and; व्यस्ताः (vyastāḥ) - separate; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; सद्गुणाः (sadguṇāḥ) - good qualities; इच्छामः (icchāmaḥ) - we desire; गुणवत्-मध्ये (guṇavat-madhye) - in the midst of the virtuous; वस्तुम् (vastum) - to dwell; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the better; अभिकाङ्क्षिणः (abhi-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - those who long for; ॥३-१-३०॥ (॥3-1-30॥) - ॥3-1-30॥;]
(They, among you, all and separate indeed here good qualities; we desire in the midst of the virtuous to dwell, the better, those who long for;)
All the good qualities, both collectively and individually, are present among you here. We, who long for the highest good, wish to dwell among the virtuous. (3-1-30)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
धन्या वयं यदस्माकं स्नेहकारुण्ययन्त्रिताः। असतोऽपि गुणानाहुर्ब्राह्मणप्रमुखाः प्रजाः ॥३-१-३१॥
dhanyā vayaṃ yadasmākaṃ snehakāruṇyayantritāḥ। asato'pi guṇānāhurbrāhmaṇapramukhāḥ prajāḥ ॥3-1-31॥
[धन्या (dhanyā) - fortunate; blessed; वयम् (vayam) - we; यत् (yat) - that; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; स्नेह (sneha) - affection; कारुण्य (kāruṇya) - compassion; यन्त्रिताः (yantritāḥ) - controlled; influenced; असतः (asataḥ) - of the unworthy; अपि (api) - even; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - brāhmaṇa; प्रमुखाः (pramukhāḥ) - chief; foremost; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people;]
(Fortunate are we, that our affection and compassion are influenced; even of the unworthy, the qualities are spoken of by the brāhmaṇas and foremost people.)
We are fortunate that, moved by affection and compassion, even the brāhmaṇas and leading people speak of the qualities of the unworthy. (3-1-31)
तदहं भ्रातृसहितः सर्वान्विज्ञापयामि वः। नान्यथा तद्धि कर्तव्यमस्मत्स्नेहानुकम्पया ॥३-१-३२॥
tad ahaṃ bhrātṛ-sahitaḥ sarvān vijñāpayāmi vaḥ। nānyathā tad dhi kartavyam asmat-snehānukampayā ॥3-1-32॥
[तत् (tat) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; भ्रातृ-सहितः (bhrātṛ-sahitaḥ) - together with brothers; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of you); विज्ञापयामि (vijñāpayāmi) - inform; वः (vaḥ) - to you; न (na) - not; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; तत् (tat) - that; हि (hi) - indeed; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done; अस्मत्-स्नेह-अनुकम्पया (asmat-sneha-anukampayā) - out of compassion for our affection;]
(That I, together with (my) brothers, inform all of you. Not otherwise, that indeed should be done out of compassion for our affection.)
Therefore, together with my brothers, I inform all of you: it must be done in this way, and not otherwise, out of compassion for our affection. (3-1-32)
भीष्मः पितामहो राजा विदुरो जननी च मे। सुहृज्जनश्च प्रायो मे नगरे नागसाह्वये ॥३-१-३३॥
bhīṣmaḥ pitāmaho rājā viduro jananī ca me। suhṛj-janaś ca prāyo me nagare nāgasāhvaye ॥3-1-33॥
[भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma; पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather; राजा (rājā) - king; विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura; जननी (jananī) - mother; च (ca) - and; मे (me) - my; सुहृत्-जनः (suhṛt-janaḥ) - well-wishing people; च (ca) - and; प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - mostly; मे (me) - my; नगरे (nagare) - in the city; नागसाह्वये (nāgasāhvaye) - named Nagasahvaya;]
(Bhishma, grandfather, king, Vidura, mother and my well-wishing people and mostly my (people) in the city named Nagasahvaya.)
Bhishma, the grandfather, the king, Vidura, my mother, and my well-wishers, and for the most part, my people in the city called Nagasahvaya. (3-1-33)
ते त्वस्मद्धितकामार्थं पालनीयाः प्रयत्नतः। युष्माभिः सहितैः सर्वैः शोकसन्तापविह्वलाः ॥३-१-३४॥
te tvasmaddhitakāmārthaṃ pālanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ। yuṣmābhiḥ sahitaiḥ sarvaiḥ śokasantāpavihvalāḥ ॥3-1-34॥
[ते (te) - they; तु (tu) - but; अस्मत् (asmat) - from us; हित (hita) - welfare; काम (kāma) - desiring; अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of; पालनीयाः (pālanīyāḥ) - to be protected; प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort; युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you; सहितैः (sahitaiḥ) - together with; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - all; शोक (śoka) - grief; सन्ताप (santāpa) - affliction; विह्वलाः (vihvalāḥ) - overwhelmed;]
(They, but, for the sake of our welfare, desiring, are to be protected with effort by you, together with all, overwhelmed by grief and affliction.)
But those who desire our welfare must be protected with effort by all of you together, as they are overwhelmed by grief and affliction. (3-1-34)
निवर्ततागता दूरं समागमनशापिताः। स्वजने न्यासभूते मे कार्या स्नेहान्विता मतिः ॥३-१-३५॥
nivartatāgatā dūraṃ samāgamanaśāpitāḥ। svajane nyāsabhūte me kāryā snehānvitā matiḥ ॥3-1-35॥
[निवर्तता (nivartatā) - by returning; by turning back; अगता (agatā) - those who have gone; departed; दूरं (dūram) - far; distant; समागमन (samāgamana) - meeting; coming together; शापिताः (śāpitāḥ) - cursed; afflicted; स्वजने (svajane) - in one's own people; among relatives; न्यासभूते (nyāsabhūte) - who are entrusted; as a trust; मे (me) - my; to me; कार्या (kāryā) - should be done; ought to be; स्नेहान्विता (snehānvitā) - endowed with affection; filled with love; मतिः (matiḥ) - mind; intention;]
(By returning, those who have gone far, afflicted by the curse of meeting, among my own people who are entrusted, my mind should be endowed with affection.)
My mind should be filled with affection for my own people, who are entrusted to me, even if those who have gone far are cursed by the fate of meeting. (3-1-35)
एतद्धि मम कार्याणां परमं हृदि संस्थितम्। सुकृतानेन मे तुष्टिः सत्कारश्च भविष्यति ॥३-१-३६॥
etaddhi mama kāryāṇāṃ paramaṃ hṛdi saṃsthitam। sukṛtānena me tuṣṭiḥ satkāraśca bhaviṣyati ॥3-1-36॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; हि (hi) - indeed; मम (mama) - my; कार्यार्थानाम् (kāryāṇām) - of actions; परमम् (paramam) - supreme; हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart; संस्थितम् (saṃsthitam) - established; सुकृत (sukṛta) - good deed; अनेन (anena) - by this; मे (me) - to me; तुष्टिः (tuṣṭiḥ) - satisfaction; सत्कारः (satkāraḥ) - honor; च (ca) - and; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be;]
(This indeed, of my actions, the supreme, in the heart, is established. By this good deed, to me, satisfaction and honor will be.)
This is truly the highest of all my actions, firmly established in my heart. By this good deed, I shall attain satisfaction and honor. (3-1-36)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
तथानुमन्त्रितास्तेन धर्मराजेन ताः प्रजाः। चक्रुरार्तस्वरं घोरं हा राजन्निति दुःखिताः ॥३-१-३७॥
tathānumantritās tena dharmarājena tāḥ prajāḥ। cakrur ārtasvaraṃ ghoraṃ hā rājan iti duḥkhitāḥ ॥3-1-37॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; अनुमन्त्रिताः (anumantritāḥ) - addressed; तेन (tena) - by him; धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by the king of dharma; ताः (tāḥ) - those; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - made; आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - distressed sound; घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible; हा (hā) - alas; राजन् (rājan) - O king; इति (iti) - thus; दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed;]
(Thus addressed by him, by the king of dharma, those subjects made a distressed, terrible sound, "Alas, O king," thus, being distressed.)
Thus, when addressed by the king of dharma, the subjects, being distressed, uttered a terrible cry of "Alas, O king!" (3-1-37)
गुणान्पार्थस्य संस्मृत्य दुःखार्ताः परमातुराः। अकामाः संन्यवर्तन्त समागम्याथ पाण्डवान् ॥३-१-३८॥
guṇān pārthasya saṁsmṛtya duḥkhārtāḥ paramāturāḥ। akāmaḥ saṁnyavartanta samāgamyātha pāṇḍavān ॥3-1-38॥
[गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Pārtha (Arjuna); संस्मृत्य (saṁsmṛtya) - having remembered; दुःखार्ताः (duḥkhārtāḥ) - afflicted by sorrow; परमातुराः (paramāturāḥ) - extremely distressed; अकामाः (akāmāḥ) - without desire; संन्यवर्तन्त (saṁnyavartanta) - turned away; समागम्य (samāgamya) - having met; अथ (atha) - then; पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas;]
(Having remembered the qualities of Pārtha, afflicted by sorrow, extremely distressed, without desire, they turned away after meeting the Pāṇḍavas, then.)
Recalling the virtues of Arjuna, overwhelmed by grief and deep distress, and devoid of desire, they withdrew after meeting the Pāṇḍavas. (3-1-38)
निवृत्तेषु तु पौरेषु रथानास्थाय पाण्डवाः। प्रजग्मुर्जाह्नवीतीरे प्रमाणाख्यं महावटम् ॥३-१-३९॥
nivṛtteṣu tu paureṣu rathān āsthāya pāṇḍavāḥ। prajagmur jāhnavī-tīre pramāṇākhyaṃ mahāvaṭam ॥3-1-39॥
[निवृत्तेषु (nivṛtteṣu) - having withdrawn; तु (tu) - but; पौरेषु (paureṣu) - among the citizens; रथान् (rathān) - chariots; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted; पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas; प्रजग्मुः (prajagmuḥ) - proceeded; जाह्नवी-तीरे (jāhnavī-tīre) - on the bank of the Jāhnavī (Gaṅgā); प्रमाणाख्यम् (pramāṇākhyam) - named Pramāṇa; महावटम् (mahāvaṭam) - great banyan tree;]
(Having withdrawn among the citizens, but having mounted the chariots, the Pāṇḍavas proceeded to the great banyan tree named Pramāṇa on the bank of the Jāhnavī (Gaṅgā).)
When the citizens had withdrawn, the Pāṇḍavas mounted their chariots and proceeded to the great banyan tree called Pramāṇa on the bank of the Jāhnavī (Gaṅgā). (3-1-39)
तं ते दिवसशेषेण वटं गत्वा तु पाण्डवाः। ऊषुस्तां रजनीं वीराः संस्पृश्य सलिलं शुचि ॥ उदकेनैव तां रात्रिमूषुस्ते दुःखकर्शिताः ॥३-१-४०॥
taṃ te divasaśeṣeṇa vaṭaṃ gatvā tu pāṇḍavāḥ। ūṣustāṃ rajanīṃ vīrāḥ saṃspṛśya salilaṃ śuci ॥ udakenaiva tāṃ rātrimūṣuste duḥkhakarśitāḥ ॥3-1-40॥
[तं (taṃ) - him; ते (te) - they; दिवसशेषेण (divasaśeṣeṇa) - with the remainder of the day; वटं (vaṭam) - banyan tree; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; तु (tu) - but; पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas; ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - spent the night; तां (tāṃ) - that; रजनीं (rajanīm) - night; वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes; संस्पृश्य (saṃspṛśya) - having touched; सलिलं (salilam) - water; शुचि (śuci) - pure; उदकेनैव (udakenaiva) - with water only; तां (tāṃ) - that; रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night; ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - spent; ते (te) - they; दुःखकर्शिताः (duḥkhakarśitāḥ) - emaciated by suffering;]
(Him they, with the remainder of the day, having gone to the banyan tree, but the Pāṇḍavas spent that night, the heroes, having touched pure water. With water only, that night they spent, emaciated by suffering. (3-1-40))
The Pāṇḍavas, having gone to the banyan tree with the remainder of the day, spent that night there, the heroes having touched pure water. Emaciated by suffering, they spent that night with only water. (3-1-40)
अनुजग्मुश्च तत्रैतान्स्नेहात्केचिद्द्विजातयः। साग्नयोऽनग्नयश्चैव सशिष्यगणबान्धवाः ॥ स तैः परिवृतो राजा शुशुभे ब्रह्मवादिभिः ॥३-१-४१॥
anujagmuś ca tatra etān snehāt kecid dvijātayaḥ। sa-agnayaḥ anagnayaḥ ca eva sa-śiṣya-gaṇa-bāndhavāḥ॥ sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ rājā śuśubhe brahma-vādibhiḥ॥3-1-41॥
[अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - followed; च (ca) - and; तत्र (tatra) - there; एतान् (etān) - these; स्नेहात् (snehāt) - out of affection; केचित् (kecit) - some; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-borns; स (sa) - with; अग्नयः (agnayaḥ) - with fire; अनग्नयः (anagnayaḥ) - without fire; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; स (sa) - with; शिष्यगण (śiṣya-gaṇa) - group of disciples; बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives; स (sa) - he; तैः (taiḥ) - with them; परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded; राजा (rājā) - king; शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone; ब्रह्मवादिभिः (brahma-vādibhiḥ) - by those who speak of Brahman;]
(And some twice-borns there, out of affection, followed these (kings); with fire and without fire, indeed, with groups of disciples and relatives. He, the king, surrounded by them, shone with those who speak of Brahman.)
Out of affection, some of the twice-borns there followed these kings, both those with fire and those without, along with their disciples and relatives. The king, surrounded by these Brahmanical sages, shone brilliantly. (3-1-41)
तेषां प्रादुष्कृताग्नीनां मुहूर्ते रम्यदारुणे। ब्रह्मघोषपुरस्कारः सञ्जल्पः समजायत ॥३-१-४२॥
teṣāṃ prāduṣkṛtāgnīnāṃ muhūrte ramyadāruṇe। brahmaghoṣapuraskāraḥ sañjalpaḥ samajāyata ॥3-1-42॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; प्रादुष्कृत (prāduṣkṛta) - made manifest; अग्नीनां (agnīnām) - of fires; मुहूर्ते (muhūrte) - at the moment; रम्य (ramya) - beautiful; दारुणे (dāruṇe) - red; ब्रह्मघोष (brahmaghoṣa) - chanting of Vedic hymns; पुरस्कारः (puraskāraḥ) - preceded by; सञ्जल्पः (sañjalpaḥ) - conversation; समजायत (samajāyata) - arose;]
(Of them, when the fires were made manifest, at the beautiful red moment, conversation arose, preceded by the chanting of Vedic hymns.)
At that beautiful and reddish moment when their fires were kindled, conversation arose among them, preceded by the chanting of Vedic hymns. (3-1-42)
राजानं तु कुरुश्रेष्ठं ते हंसमधुरस्वराः। आश्वासयन्तो विप्राग्र्याः क्षपां सर्वां व्यनोदयन् ॥३-१-४३॥
rājānaṃ tu kuruśreṣṭhaṃ te haṃsamadhurasvarāḥ। āśvāsayanto viprāgryāḥ kṣapāṃ sarvāṃ vyanodayan ॥3-1-43॥
[राजानम् (rājānam) - king; (accusative singular) तु (tu) - but; कुरुश्रेष्ठम् (kuruśreṣṭham) - the best of the Kurus; (accusative singular) ते (te) - they; हंसमधुरस्वराः (haṃsamadhurasvarāḥ) - having swan-sweet voices; आश्वासयन्तः (āśvāsayantaḥ) - comforting; विप्राग्र्याः (viprāgryāḥ) - excellent Brāhmaṇas; क्षपाम् (kṣapām) - night; (accusative singular) सर्वाम् (sarvām) - entire; व्यानोदयन् (vyanodayan) - caused to pass;]
(But the excellent Brāhmaṇas, having swan-sweet voices, comforting the best of the Kurus, caused the entire night to pass.)
But the excellent Brāhmaṇas, whose voices were as sweet as swans, comforted the best of the Kurus, the king, and thus caused the whole night to pass. (3-1-43)
