05.028
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhishthira said:)
Yudhishthira said:
असंशयं सञ्जय सत्यमेत; द्धर्मो वरः कर्मणां यत्त्वमात्थ। ज्ञात्वा तु मां सञ्जय गर्हयेस्त्वं; यदि धर्मं यद्यधर्मं चरामि ॥५-२८-१॥
asaṁśayaṁ sañjaya satyameta; dharmo varaḥ karmaṇāṁ yattvamāttha। jñātvā tu māṁ sañjaya garhayestvaṁ; yadi dharmaṁ yadyadharmaṁ carāmi ॥5-28-1॥
[असंशयं (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; एतत् (etat) - this; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; वरः (varaḥ) - superior; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; यत् (yat) - which; त्वम् (tvam) - you; आत्थ (āttha) - said; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - knowing; तु (tu) - but; माम् (mām) - me; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; गर्हयेत् (garhayet) - you may blame; त्वम् (tvam) - you; यदि (yadi) - if; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; यत् (yat) - which; अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness; चरामि (carāmi) - I perform.;]
(Undoubtedly, Sanjaya, this is the truth; righteousness is superior to actions which you said. But knowing me, Sanjaya, you may blame me if I perform righteousness or unrighteousness.)
Undoubtedly, Sanjaya, what you said is true; righteousness is superior to actions. However, knowing me, Sanjaya, you might blame me if I act righteously or unrighteously.
यत्राधर्मो धर्मरूपाणि बिभ्र; द्धर्मः कृत्स्नो दृश्यतेऽधर्मरूपः। तथा धर्मो धारयन्धर्मरूपं; विद्वांसस्तं सम्प्रपश्यन्ति बुद्ध्या ॥५-२८-२॥
yatrādharmaḥ dharmarūpāṇi bibhrad dharmaḥ kṛtsno dṛśyate'dharmarūpaḥ। tathā dharmo dhārayan dharmarūpaṃ; vidvāṃsastaṃ samprapaśyanti buddhyā ॥5-28-2॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; धर्मरूपाणि (dharmarūpāṇi) - forms of righteousness; बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - bearing; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entirely; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; अधर्मरूपः (adharmarūpaḥ) - in the form of unrighteousness; तथा (tathā) - thus; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; धारयन् (dhārayan) - bearing; धर्मरूपं (dharmarūpaṃ) - form of righteousness; विद्वांसः (vidvāṃsaḥ) - the wise; तम् (tam) - that; सम्प्रपश्यन्ति (samprapaśyanti) - perceive; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intellect;]
(Where unrighteousness, bearing forms of righteousness, is seen entirely as unrighteousness; thus righteousness, bearing the form of righteousness, is perceived by the wise with intellect.)
In situations where unrighteousness appears in the guise of righteousness, and righteousness is perceived as unrighteousness, the wise discern the true nature of things with their intellect.
एवमेतावापदि लिङ्गमेत; द्धर्माधर्मौ वृत्तिनित्यौ भजेताम्। आद्यं लिङ्गं यस्य तस्य प्रमाण; मापद्धर्मं सञ्जय तं निबोध ॥५-२८-३॥
evametāvāpadi liṅgameta; dharmādharmau vṛttinityau bhajetām। ādyaṃ liṅgaṃ yasya tasya pramāṇa; māpaddharmaṃ sañjaya taṃ nibodha ॥5-28-3॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एतौ (etau) - these two; आपदि (āpadi) - in adversity; लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - sign; एतत् (etat) - this; धर्म-अधर्मौ (dharma-adharmau) - righteousness and unrighteousness; वृत्ति-नित्यौ (vṛtti-nityau) - eternal in conduct; भजेताम् (bhajetām) - should be followed; आद्यं (ādyaṃ) - first; लिङ्गं (liṅgam) - sign; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom; तस्य (tasya) - his; प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - authority; आपद्-धर्मं (āpaddharmaṃ) - duty in adversity; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya; तम् (tam) - him; निबोध (nibodha) - understand;]
(Thus, these two signs in adversity, righteousness and unrighteousness, eternal in conduct, should be followed. The first sign, in whom there is authority, O Sanjaya, understand him as the one who knows the duty in adversity.)
Thus, in times of adversity, these two signs of righteousness and unrighteousness, which are eternal in conduct, should be followed. The first sign is the authority in whom this is present. O Sanjaya, understand him as the one who comprehends the duty in adversity.
लुप्तायां तु प्रकृतौ येन कर्म; निष्पादयेत्तत्परीप्सेद्विहीनः। प्रकृतिस्थश्चापदि वर्तमान; उभौ गर्ह्यौ भवतः सञ्जयैतौ ॥५-२८-४॥
luptāyāṃ tu prakṛtau yena karma; niṣpādayettaparīpsedvihīnaḥ। prakṛtisthaścāpadi vartamāna; ubhau garhyau bhavataḥ sañjayaitau ॥5-28-4॥
[लुप्तायां (luptāyām) - when lost; तु (tu) - but; प्रकृतौ (prakṛtau) - in nature; येन (yena) - by which; कर्म (karma) - action; निष्पादयेत् (niṣpādayet) - accomplishes; तत्परीप्सेत् (tatparīpset) - desires that; विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - devoid; प्रकृतिस्थः (prakṛtisthaḥ) - situated in nature; च (ca) - and; अपदि (apadi) - in adversity; वर्तमान (vartamāna) - existing; उभौ (ubhau) - both; गर्ह्यौ (garhyau) - blameworthy; भवतः (bhavataḥ) - are; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya; एतौ (etau) - these two;]
(When action is accomplished by which nature is lost, and one desires that devoid, situated in nature and existing in adversity, both are blameworthy, O Sanjaya, these two.)
O Sanjaya, when one loses their natural state and performs actions with ulterior motives, both the one who acts and the one who desires are blameworthy, especially when they are in adversity.
अविलोपमिच्छतां ब्राह्मणानां; प्रायश्चित्तं विहितं यद्विधात्रा। आपद्यथाकर्मसु वर्तमाना; न्विकर्मस्थान्सञ्जय गर्हयेत ॥५-२८-५॥
avilopamicchatāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ; prāyaścittaṃ vihitaṃ yadvidhātrā। āpadyathākarmasu vartamānā; nvikarmasthānsañjaya garhayeta ॥5-28-5॥
[अविलोपमिच्छतां (avilopamicchatāṃ) - desiring non-omission; ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṃ) - of the Brahmanas; प्रायश्चित्तं (prāyaścittaṃ) - atonement; विहितं (vihitaṃ) - ordained; यद्विधात्रा (yadvidhātrā) - by the creator; आपदि (āpadi) - in distress; अथाकर्मसु (athākarmasu) - in improper acts; वर्तमाना (vartamānā) - engaged; न (na) - not; विकर्मस्थान् (vikarmasthān) - those in wrong places; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya; गर्हयेत (garhayeta) - should criticize;]
(Desiring non-omission, the atonement ordained by the creator for the Brahmanas, engaged in improper acts in distress, O Sanjaya, should not criticize those in wrong places.)
O Sanjaya, those Brahmanas who desire non-omission and are engaged in improper acts due to distress should not be criticized for being in wrong places, as the atonement is ordained by the creator.
मनीषिणां तत्त्वविच्छेदनाय; विधीयते सत्सु वृत्तिः सदैव। अब्राह्मणाः सन्ति तु ये न वैद्याः; सर्वोच्छेदं साधु मन्येत तेभ्यः ॥५-२८-६॥
manīṣiṇāṃ tattvavicchedanāya; vidhīyate satsuvṛttiḥ sadaiva। abrāhmaṇāḥ santi tu ye na vaidyāḥ; sarvocchedaṃ sādhu manyeta tebhyaḥ ॥5-28-6॥
[मनीषिणां (manīṣiṇāṃ) - of the wise; तत्त्वविच्छेदनाय (tattvavicchedanāya) - for the discernment of truth; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed; सत्सु (satsu) - among the good; वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct; सदैव (sadaiva) - always; अब्राह्मणाः (abrāhmaṇāḥ) - non-Brahmins; सन्ति (santi) - are; तु (tu) - but; ये (ye) - who; न (na) - not; वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) - physicians; सर्वोच्छेदं (sarvocchedam) - complete eradication; साधु (sādhu) - good; मन्येत (manyeta) - should consider; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them;]
(For the discernment of truth among the wise, conduct is always prescribed among the good. Non-Brahmins who are not physicians should be considered for complete eradication from them.)
The wise always prescribe good conduct for discerning truth. However, non-Brahmins who are not physicians should be completely eradicated from their midst.
तदर्था नः पितरो ये च पूर्वे; पितामहा ये च तेभ्यः परेऽन्ये। प्रज्ञैषिणो ये च हि कर्म चक्रु; र्नास्त्यन्ततो नास्ति नास्तीति मन्ये ॥५-२८-७॥
tadarthā naḥ pitaro ye ca pūrve; pitāmahā ye ca tebhyaḥ pare'nye। prajñaiṣiṇo ye ca hi karma cakru; rnāstyantato nāsti nāstīti manye ॥5-28-7॥
[तदर्था (tadarthā) - for that purpose; नः (naḥ) - our; पितरः (pitarah) - fathers; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; पूर्वे (pūrve) - ancient; पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - grandfathers; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them; परे (pare) - others; अन्ये (anye) - different; प्रज्ञैषिणः (prajñaiṣiṇaḥ) - seekers of wisdom; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; हि (hi) - indeed; कर्म (karma) - actions; चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - performed; नास्ति (nāsti) - is not; अन्ततः (antataḥ) - ultimately; नास्ति (nāsti) - is not; नास्ति (nāsti) - is not; इति (iti) - thus; मन्ये (manye) - I think;]
(For that purpose, our fathers who were ancient, grandfathers who were different from them, seekers of wisdom who indeed performed actions; ultimately, there is not, there is not, thus I think.)
For that purpose, our ancestors, both fathers and grandfathers, who were ancient and different from others, were seekers of wisdom and indeed performed actions; ultimately, I think there is nothing, there is nothing.
यत्किञ्चिदेतद्वित्तमस्यां पृथिव्यां; यद्देवानां त्रिदशानां परत्र। प्राजापत्यं त्रिदिवं ब्रह्मलोकं; नाधर्मतः सञ्जय कामये तत् ॥५-२८-८॥
yatkiñcidetadvittamasyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ; yaddevanāṃ tridaśānāṃ paratra। prājāpatyaṃ tridivaṃ brahmalokaṃ; nādharmataḥ sañjaya kāmaye tat ॥5-28-8॥
[यत्किञ्चित् (yatkiñcit) - whatever; एतत् (etat) - this; वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth; अस्याम् (asyām) - in this; पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - earth; यत् (yat) - what; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; त्रिदशानाम् (tridaśānām) - of the thirty-three; परत्र (paratra) - beyond; प्राजापत्यम् (prājāpatyam) - of Prajapati; त्रिदिवम् (tridivam) - heaven; ब्रह्मलोकम् (brahmalokam) - Brahma's world; न (na) - not; अधर्मतः (adharmataḥ) - unrighteously; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya; कामये (kāmaye) - I desire; तत् (tat) - that;]
(Whatever wealth is here on this earth, whatever is beyond for the gods, the thirty-three, the world of Prajapati, the heaven, the world of Brahma, I do not desire that unrighteously, O Sanjaya.)
O Sanjaya, I do not desire any wealth on this earth or in the heavens, including the realms of the gods, the thirty-three deities, Prajapati, or Brahma, if it is to be obtained unrighteously.
धर्मेश्वरः कुशलो नीतिमांश्चा; प्युपासिता ब्राह्मणानां मनीषी। नानाविधांश्चैव महाबलांश्च; राजन्यभोजाननुशास्ति कृष्णः ॥५-२८-९॥
dharmeśvaraḥ kuśalo nītimāṃścā; pyupāsitā brāhmaṇānāṃ manīṣī। nānāvidhāṃścaiva mahābalāṃśca; rājanyabhojānanuśāsti kṛṣṇaḥ ॥5-28-9॥
[धर्मेश्वरः (dharmeśvaraḥ) - lord of dharma; कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful; नीतिमान् (nītimān) - wise; च (ca) - and; उपासिता (upāsitā) - worshipped; ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṃ) - of the Brahmins; मनीषी (manīṣī) - wise; नानाविधान् (nānāvidhān) - various kinds; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; महाबलान् (mahābalān) - greatly powerful; च (ca) - and; राजन्यभोजान् (rājanyabhojān) - the Kshatriya kings; अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - rules; कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna;]
(The lord of dharma, skillful and wise, worshipped by the Brahmins, Krishna rules over various kinds of greatly powerful Kshatriya kings.)
Krishna, the lord of dharma, is skillful and wise, revered by the Brahmins, and governs the diverse and mighty Kshatriya kings.
यदि ह्यहं विसृजन्स्यामगर्ह्यो; युध्यमानो यदि जह्यां स्वधर्मम्। महायशाः केशवस्तद्ब्रवीतु; वासुदेवस्तूभयोरर्थकामः ॥५-२८-१०॥
yadi hyahaṁ visṛjanyāmagarhyo; yudhyamāno yadi jahyāṁ svadharmam। mahāyaśāḥ keśavastadbravītu; vāsudevastūbhayorarthakāmaḥ ॥5-28-10॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; हि (hi) - indeed; अहम् (aham) - I; विसृजन् (visṛjan) - abandoning; स्याम् (syām) - would be; अगर्ह्यः (agarhyaḥ) - blameless; युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting; यदि (yadi) - if; जह्याम् (jahyām) - I abandon; स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - own duty; महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly renowned; केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keshava; तत् (tad) - that; ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - let him say; वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vasudeva; तु (tu) - but; उभयोः (ubhayor) - of both; अर्थकामः (arthakāmaḥ) - desirous of benefit;]
(If indeed I would be blameless abandoning, fighting, if I abandon my own duty, let the greatly renowned Keshava say that; but Vasudeva is desirous of benefit for both.)
If indeed I would be blameless in abandoning my duty while fighting, let the greatly renowned Keshava say that; but Vasudeva desires benefit for both sides.
शैनेया हि चैत्रकाश्चान्धकाश्च; वार्ष्णेयभोजाः कौकुराः सृञ्जयाश्च। उपासीना वासुदेवस्य बुद्धिं; निगृह्य शत्रून्सुहृदो नन्दयन्ति ॥५-२८-११॥
śaineyā hi caitrakāścāndhakāśca; vārṣṇeyabhojāḥ kaukurāḥ sṛñjayāśca। upāsīnā vāsudevasya buddhiṃ; nigṛhya śatrūnsuhṛdo nandayanti ॥5-28-11॥
[शैनेया (śaineyā) - descendants of Śini; हि (hi) - indeed; चैत्रकाः (caitrakāḥ) - descendants of Citraka; च (ca) - and; अन्धकाः (andhakāḥ) - Andhakas; च (ca) - and; वार्ष्णेयभोजाः (vārṣṇeyabhojāḥ) - Vṛṣṇis and Bhojas; कौकुराः (kaukurāḥ) - Kukuras; सृञ्जयाः (sṛñjayāḥ) - Sṛñjayas; च (ca) - and; उपासीना (upāsīnā) - sitting near; वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva; बुद्धिं (buddhiṃ) - intellect; निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - controlling; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; नन्दयन्ति (nandayanti) - they please;]
(The descendants of Śini, indeed, the descendants of Citraka, and the Andhakas; the Vṛṣṇis and Bhojas, the Kukuras, and the Sṛñjayas, sitting near Vāsudeva's intellect, controlling enemies, please friends.)
The descendants of Śini, Citraka, and the Andhakas, along with the Vṛṣṇis, Bhojas, Kukuras, and Sṛñjayas, sit near Vāsudeva, controlling their enemies and pleasing their friends.
वृष्ण्यन्धका ह्युग्रसेनादयो वै; कृष्णप्रणीताः सर्व एवेन्द्रकल्पाः। मनस्विनः सत्यपराक्रमाश्च; महाबला यादवा भोगवन्तः ॥५-२८-१२॥
vṛṣṇyandhakā hyugrasenādayo vai; kṛṣṇapraṇītāḥ sarva evendrakalpāḥ। manasvinaḥ satyaparākramāśca; mahābalā yādavā bhogavantaḥ ॥5-28-12॥
[वृष्ण्यन्धका (vṛṣṇyandhakā) - Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas; हि (hi) - indeed; उग्रसेनादयः (ugrasenādayaḥ) - Ugrasena and others; वै (vai) - certainly; कृष्णप्रणीताः (kṛṣṇapraṇītāḥ) - led by Krishna; सर्वे (sarve) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; इन्द्रकल्पाः (indrakalpāḥ) - like Indra; मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - high-minded; सत्यपराक्रमाः (satyaparākramāḥ) - truly valiant; च (ca) - and; महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - very powerful; यादवाः (yādavāḥ) - Yādavas; भोगवन्तः (bhogavantaḥ) - prosperous;]
(The Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas, indeed, Ugrasena and others, certainly led by Krishna, all indeed like Indra, high-minded, truly valiant, and very powerful Yādavas, prosperous.)
The Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas, led by Krishna, including Ugrasena and others, were all like Indra in their might, high-minded, truly valiant, very powerful, and prosperous Yādavas.
काश्यो बभ्रुः श्रियमुत्तमां गतो; लब्ध्वा कृष्णं भ्रातरमीशितारम्। यस्मै कामान्वर्षति वासुदेवो; ग्रीष्मात्यये मेघ इव प्रजाभ्यः ॥५-२८-१३॥
kāśyo babhruḥ śriyamuttamāṃ gato; labdhvā kṛṣṇaṃ bhrātaramīśitāram। yasmai kāmānvārṣati vāsudevo; grīṣmātyaye megha iva prajābhyaḥ ॥5-28-13॥
[काश्यः (kāśyaḥ) - Kāśya; बभ्रुः (babhruḥ) - Babhru; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - supreme; गतः (gataḥ) - attained; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa; भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother; ईशितारम् (īśitāram) - lord; यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom; कामान् (kāmān) - desires; वर्षति (varṣati) - showers; वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva; ग्रीष्म-अत्यये (grīṣma-atyaye) - at the end of summer; मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud; इव (iva) - like; प्रजाभ्यः (prajābhyaḥ) - to the people;]
(Kāśya Babhru attained supreme prosperity; having obtained Kṛṣṇa, the lord brother. To whom Vāsudeva showers desires, like a cloud at the end of summer to the people.)
Kāśya Babhru attained the highest prosperity by gaining Kṛṣṇa, the lord and brother. Vāsudeva showers blessings upon him, just as clouds bring rain to the people at the end of summer.
ईदृशोऽयं केशवस्तात भूयो; विद्मो ह्येनं कर्मणां निश्चयज्ञम्। प्रियश्च नः साधुतमश्च कृष्णो; नातिक्रमे वचनं केशवस्य ॥५-२८-१४॥
īdṛśo'yaṃ keśavastāta bhūyo; vidmo hyenaṃ karmaṇāṃ niścayajñam। priyaśca naḥ sādhutamaśca kṛṣṇo; nātikrame vacanaṃ keśavasya ॥5-28-14॥
[ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - such; अयम् (ayam) - this; केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keshava; तात (tāta) - dear; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; विद्मः (vidmaḥ) - we know; हि (hi) - indeed; एनम् (enam) - him; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; निश्चयज्ञम् (niścayajñam) - knower of certainty; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; च (ca) - and; नः (naḥ) - to us; साधुतमः (sādhutamaḥ) - most virtuous; च (ca) - and; कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna; न (na) - not; अतिक्रमे (atikrame) - transgress; वचनम् (vacanam) - word; केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keshava;]
(Such is this Keshava, dear one, again; we indeed know him as the knower of certainty of actions. Dear and most virtuous to us is Krishna; he does not transgress the word of Keshava.)
This Keshava, dear one, is known to us as the knower of the certainty of actions. Krishna is dear and most virtuous to us; he never transgresses Keshava's word.
