05.038
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vidura said:)
Vidura spoke:
ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्युत्क्रामन्ति यूनः स्थविर आयति। प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस्तान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥५-३८-१॥
ūrdhvaṃ prāṇā hyutkrāmanti yūnaḥ sthavira āyati। pratyutthānābhivādābhyāṃ punastānpratipadyate ॥5-38-1॥
[ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards; प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - life forces; हि (hi) - indeed; उत्क्रामन्ति (utkrāmanti) - depart; यूनः (yūnaḥ) - of the young; स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - the old one; आयति (āyati) - approaches; प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्याम् (pratyutthānābhivādābhyām) - by rising and salutation; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; तान् (tān) - them; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - regains;]
(The life forces indeed depart upwards from the young; the old one approaches. By rising and salutation, he regains them again.)
The life forces of the young depart upwards, while the old one approaches. Through rising and salutation, he regains them once more.
पीठं दत्त्वा साधवेऽभ्यागताय; आनीयापः परिनिर्णिज्य पादौ। सुखं पृष्ट्वा प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थं; ततो दद्यादन्नमवेक्ष्य धीरः ॥५-३८-२॥
pīṭhaṃ dattvā sādhave'bhyāgatāya; ānīyāpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau। sukhaṃ pṛṣṭvā prativedyātmasaṃsthaṃ; tato dadyādannamavekṣya dhīraḥ ॥5-38-2॥
[पीठम् (pīṭham) - seat; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; साधवे (sādhave) - to the sage; अभ्यागताय (abhyāgatāya) - who has arrived; आनीय (ānīya) - having brought; अपः (apaḥ) - water; परिनिर्णिज्य (parinirṇijya) - having washed; पादौ (pādau) - feet; सुखम् (sukham) - comfort; पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked; प्रतिवेद्य (prativedya) - having informed; आत्मसंस्थम् (ātmasaṃstham) - self-possessed; ततः (tataḥ) - then; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; अन्नम् (annam) - food; अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having considered; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise one;]
(Having given a seat to the sage who has arrived, having brought water and washed the feet, having asked about comfort and informed about self-possession, then the wise one should give food, having considered.)
After offering a seat to the visiting sage, bringing water to wash his feet, inquiring about his comfort, and ensuring he is self-possessed, the wise one should then thoughtfully provide food.
यस्योदकं मधुपर्कं च गां च; नमन्त्रवित्प्रतिगृह्णाति गेहे। लोभाद्भयादर्थकार्पण्यतो वा; तस्यानर्थं जीवितमाहुरार्याः ॥५-३८-३॥
yasyodakaṃ madhuparkaṃ ca gāṃ ca; namantravitpratigṛhṇāti gehe। lobhādbhayaādarthakārpaṇyato vā; tasyānarthaṃ jīvitamāhurāryāḥ ॥5-38-3॥
[यस्य (yasya) - whose; उदकं (udakaṃ) - water; मधुपर्कं (madhuparkaṃ) - madhuparka (a ceremonial offering); च (ca) - and; गां (gāṃ) - cow; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - knower of mantras; प्रतिगृह्णाति (pratigṛhṇāti) - accepts; गेहे (gehe) - in the house; लोभात् (lobhāt) - out of greed; भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear; अर्थकार्पण्यतो (arthakārpaṇyato) - out of miserliness; वा (vā) - or; तस्य (tasya) - his; अनर्थं (anarthaṃ) - meaningless; जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life; आहुः (āhuḥ) - say; आर्याः (āryāḥ) - the noble ones;]
(Whose water, madhuparka, and cow are accepted in the house by one not knowing mantras, out of greed, fear, or miserliness; his life is said to be meaningless by the noble ones.)
The noble ones say that the life of a person who accepts water, madhuparka, and a cow in his house without knowing the mantras, due to greed, fear, or miserliness, is meaningless.
चिकित्सकः शल्यकर्तावकीर्णी; स्तेनः क्रूरो मद्यपो भ्रूणहा च। सेनाजीवी श्रुतिविक्रायकश्च; भृशं प्रियोऽप्यतिथिर्नोदकार्हः ॥५-३८-४॥
cikitsakaḥ śalyakartāvakīrṇī; stenaḥ krūro madyapo bhrūṇahā ca। senājīvī śrutivikrāyakaśca; bhṛśaṃ priyo'pyatithirnodakārhaḥ ॥5-38-4॥
[चिकित्सकः (cikitsakaḥ) - doctor; शल्यकर्तावकीर्णी (śalyakartāvakīrṇī) - surgeon and scatterer; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - thief; क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel; मद्यपः (madyapaḥ) - drunkard; भ्रूणहा (bhrūṇahā) - killer of a fetus; च (ca) - and; सेनाजीवी (senājīvī) - soldier; श्रुतिविक्रायकः (śrutivikrāyakaḥ) - seller of Vedas; च (ca) - and; भृशम् (bhṛśam) - very; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; अपि (api) - even; अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - guest; न (na) - not; उदकार्हः (udakārhaḥ) - worthy of water;]
(The doctor, the surgeon and scatterer, the thief, the cruel, the drunkard, the killer of a fetus, and the soldier, the seller of Vedas, even if very dear, the guest is not worthy of water.)
A doctor, a surgeon-scatterer, a thief, a cruel person, a drunkard, a fetus killer, a soldier, and a seller of Vedas, even if they are very dear, are not worthy of being offered water as guests.
अविक्रेयं लवणं पक्वमन्नं; दधि क्षीरं मधु तैलं घृतं च। तिला मांसं मूलफलानि शाकं; रक्तं वासः सर्वगन्धा गुडश्च ॥५-३८-५॥
avikreyaṁ lavaṇaṁ pakvamannaṁ; dadhi kṣīraṁ madhu tailaṁ ghṛtaṁ ca। tilā māṁsaṁ mūlaphalāni śākaṁ; raktaṁ vāsaḥ sarvagandhā guḍaśca ॥5-38-5॥
[अविक्रेयं (avikreyaṁ) - not for sale; लवणं (lavaṇaṁ) - salt; पक्वमन्नं (pakvamannaṁ) - cooked food; दधि (dadhi) - curd; क्षीरं (kṣīraṁ) - milk; मधु (madhu) - honey; तैलं (tailaṁ) - oil; घृतं (ghṛtaṁ) - ghee; च (ca) - and; तिला (tilā) - sesame seeds; मांसं (māṁsaṁ) - meat; मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits; शाकं (śākaṁ) - vegetables; रक्तं (raktaṁ) - blood; वासः (vāsaḥ) - clothes; सर्वगन्धा (sarvagandhā) - all perfumes; गुडः (guḍaḥ) - jaggery; च (ca) - and;]
(Salt, cooked food, curd, milk, honey, oil, ghee, sesame seeds, meat, roots and fruits, vegetables, blood, clothes, all perfumes, and jaggery are not for sale.)
Salt, cooked food, curd, milk, honey, oil, ghee, sesame seeds, meat, roots and fruits, vegetables, blood, clothes, all perfumes, and jaggery should not be sold.
अरोषणो यः समलोष्टकाञ्चनः; प्रहीणशोको गतसन्धिविग्रहः। निन्दाप्रशंसोपरतः प्रियाप्रिये; चरन्नुदासीनवदेष भिक्षुकः ॥५-३८-६॥
aroṣaṇo yaḥ samaloṣṭakāñcanaḥ; prahīṇaśoko gatasandhivigrahaḥ। nindāpraśaṃsoparataḥ priyāpriye; carannudāsīnavadeṣa bhikṣukaḥ ॥5-38-6॥
[अरोषणः (aroṣaṇaḥ) - without anger; यः (yaḥ) - who; सम (sama) - equal; लोष्ट (loṣṭa) - clod; काञ्चनः (kāñcanaḥ) - gold; प्रहीण (prahīṇa) - abandoned; शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow; गत (gata) - gone; सन्धि (sandhi) - union; विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict; निन्दा (nindā) - blame; प्रशंसा (praśaṃsā) - praise; उपरतः (uparataḥ) - ceased; प्रिया (priyā) - dear; अप्रियः (apriyaḥ) - not dear; चरन् (caran) - wandering; उदासीनवत् (udāsīnavat) - like an indifferent person; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - mendicant;]
(Without anger, who is equal to clod and gold; abandoned sorrow, gone union and conflict. Ceased blame and praise, dear and not dear; wandering like an indifferent person, this mendicant.)
This mendicant, who is without anger and sees clod and gold as equal, has abandoned sorrow and is beyond union and conflict. He has ceased to be affected by blame and praise, or by what is dear and not dear, wandering like one who is indifferent.
नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः; सुसंयतात्माग्निकार्येष्वचोद्यः। वने वसन्नतिथिष्वप्रमत्तो; धुरन्धरः पुण्यकृदेष तापसः ॥५-३८-७॥
nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ; susaṃyatātmāgnikāryeṣvacodyaḥ। vane vasannatithiṣvapramatto; dhurandharaḥ puṇyakṛdeṣa tāpasaḥ ॥5-38-7॥
[नीवारमूले (nīvāramūle) - at the root of the Nīvāra tree; इङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः (iṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ) - subsisting on the leaves of the Inguda tree; सुसंयतात्मा (susaṃyatātmā) - with well-controlled self; अग्निकार्येषु (agnikāryeṣu) - in fire rituals; अचोद्यः (acodyaḥ) - irreproachable; वने (vane) - in the forest; वसन् (vasan) - dwelling; अतिथिषु (atithiṣu) - towards guests; अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - attentive; धुरन्धरः (dhurandharaḥ) - capable; पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - performer of meritorious deeds; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - ascetic;]
(At the root of the Nīvāra tree, subsisting on the leaves of the Inguda tree, with well-controlled self, irreproachable in fire rituals, dwelling in the forest, attentive towards guests, capable, performer of meritorious deeds, this ascetic.)
This ascetic, living at the root of the Nīvāra tree and subsisting on the leaves of the Inguda tree, is well-disciplined, irreproachable in fire rituals, attentive to guests, and a performer of meritorious deeds.
अपकृत्वा बुद्धिमतो दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत्। दीर्घौ बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसितः ॥५-३८-८॥
apakṛtvā buddhimato dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset। dīrghau buddhimato bāhū yābhyāṃ hinsati hinsitaḥ ॥5-38-8॥
[अपकृत्वा (apakṛtvā) - having done harm; बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of the wise; दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - being far away; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; इति (iti) - thus; न (na) - not; अश्वसेत् (aśvaset) - should trust; दीर्घौ (dīrghau) - long; बुद्धिमतः (buddhimataḥ) - of the wise; बाहू (bāhū) - arms; याभ्याम् (yābhyām) - by which; हिंसति (hinsati) - harms; हिंसितः (hinsitaḥ) - harmed;]
(Having done harm, one should not trust the wise, thinking 'I am far away'. The wise have long arms by which they harm the harmed.)
One should not feel secure after harming a wise person, thinking they are far away. The wise have long-reaching arms with which they can retaliate against those who have wronged them.
न विश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत्। विश्वासाद्भयमुत्पन्नं मूलान्यपि निकृन्तति ॥५-३८-९॥
na viśvasedaviśvaste viśvaste nātiviśvaset। viśvāsādbhayaṁutpannaṁ mūlānyapi nikṛntati ॥5-38-9॥
[न (na) - not; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust; अविश्वस्ते (aviśvaste) - in the untrustworthy; विश्वस्ते (viśvaste) - in the trustworthy; न (na) - not; अतिविश्वसेत् (ativiśvaset) - should overly trust; विश्वासात् (viśvāsāt) - from trust; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - arises; मूलानि (mūlāni) - roots; अपि (api) - even; निकृन्तति (nikṛntati) - cuts off;]
(One should not trust the untrustworthy, nor overly trust the trustworthy. Fear arises from trust and even cuts off the roots.)
Do not trust the untrustworthy, and do not overly trust even the trustworthy. Trust can lead to fear, which can destroy even the very foundations.
अनीर्ष्युर्गुप्तदारः स्यात्संविभागी प्रियंवदः। श्लक्ष्णो मधुरवाक्स्त्रीणां न चासां वशगो भवेत् ॥५-३८-१०॥
anīrṣyurguptadāraḥ syātsaṃvibhāgī priyaṃvadaḥ। ślakṣṇo madhuravākstrīṇāṃ na cāsāṃ vaśago bhavet ॥5-38-10॥
[अनीर्ष्युः (anīrṣyuḥ) - free from jealousy; गुप्तदारः (guptadāraḥ) - having a protected wife; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; संविभागी (saṃvibhāgī) - generous; प्रियंवदः (priyaṃvadaḥ) - speaking pleasantly; श्लक्ष्णः (ślakṣṇaḥ) - gentle; मधुरवाक् (madhuravāk) - sweet-spoken; स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; असाम् (asām) - of them; वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - under control; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(Free from jealousy, having a protected wife, should be generous, speaking pleasantly, gentle, sweet-spoken to women, and should not be under their control.)
A man should be free from jealousy, protect his wife, be generous, speak pleasantly, be gentle and sweet-spoken to women, but should not be under their control.
पूजनीया महाभागाः पुण्याश्च गृहदीप्तयः। स्त्रियः श्रियो गृहस्योक्तास्तस्माद्रक्ष्या विशेषतः ॥५-३८-११॥
pūjanīyā mahābhāgāḥ puṇyāśca gṛhadīptayaḥ। striyaḥ śriyo gṛhasyoktāstasmādrakṣyā viśeṣataḥ ॥5-38-11॥
[पूजनीया (pūjanīyā) - worthy of worship; महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate; पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - virtuous; च (ca) - and; गृहदीप्तयः (gṛhadīptayaḥ) - illuminators of the home; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - prosperities; गृहस्य (gṛhasya) - of the home; उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - are said; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - to be protected; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially;]
(Worthy of worship, greatly fortunate, virtuous, and illuminators of the home, women are said to be the prosperities of the home; therefore, they are to be protected especially.)
Women, who are worthy of worship, greatly fortunate, virtuous, and illuminators of the home, are considered the prosperity of the household; hence, they should be especially protected.
पितुरन्तःपुरं दद्यान्मातुर्दद्यान्महानसम्। गोषु चात्मसमं दद्यात्स्वयमेव कृषिं व्रजेत् ॥ भृत्यैर्वणिज्याचारं च पुत्रैः सेवेत ब्राह्मणान् ॥५-३८-१२॥
piturantaḥpuraṃ dadyānmāturdadyānmahānasam। goṣu cātmasamaṃ dadyātsvayameva kṛṣiṃ vrajet ॥ bhṛtyairvaṇijyācāraṃ ca putraiḥ seveta brāhmaṇān ॥5-38-12॥
[पितुः (pituḥ) - father's; अन्तःपुरं (antaḥpuraṃ) - inner quarters; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; मातुः (mātuḥ) - mother's; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; महानसम् (mahānasam) - kitchen; गोषु (goṣu) - to cows; च (ca) - and; आत्मसमम् (ātmasamam) - equal to oneself; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; एव (eva) - indeed; कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture; व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should engage; भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - with servants; वणिज्याचारम् (vaṇijyācāram) - trade practices; च (ca) - and; पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with sons; सेवेत (seveta) - should serve; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins;]
(One should give the inner quarters to the father, the kitchen to the mother, give to the cows equally to oneself, and should engage in agriculture himself. With servants, one should engage in trade practices, and with sons, one should serve the Brahmins.)
One should allocate the father's inner quarters and the mother's kitchen, treat the cows as oneself, and personally engage in agriculture. Trade should be conducted with the help of servants, and Brahmins should be served with the assistance of sons.
अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम्। तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति ॥५-३८-१३॥
adbhyo'gnirbrahmataḥ kṣatramaśmano lohamutthitam। teṣāṃ sarvatragaṃ tejaḥ svāsu yoniṣu śāmyati ॥5-38-13॥
[अद्भ्यः (adbhyaḥ) - from water; अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; ब्रह्मतः (brahmataḥ) - from Brahman; क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - warrior class; अश्मनः (aśmanaḥ) - from stone; लोहम् (loham) - metal; उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arose; तेषाम् (teṣām) - their; सर्वत्रगम् (sarvatragam) - all-pervading; तेजः (tejaḥ) - energy; स्वासु (svāsu) - in their own; योनिषु (yoniṣu) - origins; शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides;]
(From water, fire; from Brahman, the warrior class; from stone, metal arose. Their all-pervading energy subsides in their own origins.)
Fire emerged from water, the warrior class from Brahman, and metal from stone. Their pervasive energy returns to their respective origins.
नित्यं सन्तः कुले जाताः पावकोपमतेजसः। क्षमावन्तो निराकाराः काष्ठेऽग्निरिव शेरते ॥५-३८-१४॥
nityaṃ santaḥ kule jātāḥ pāvakopamatejasaḥ। kṣamāvanto nirākārāḥ kāṣṭhe'gniriva śerate ॥5-38-14॥
[नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people; कुले (kule) - in the family; जाताः (jātāḥ) - born; पावकोपमतेजसः (pāvakopamatejasaḥ) - with fire-like brilliance; क्षमावन्तः (kṣamāvantaḥ) - forgiving; निराकाराः (nirākārāḥ) - formless; काष्ठे (kāṣṭhe) - in wood; अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; इव (iva) - like; शेरते (śerate) - lie dormant;]
(Always, good people born in the family with fire-like brilliance, forgiving, formless, lie dormant like fire in wood.)
Good people, who are always born in noble families, possess a brilliance akin to fire, are forgiving and formless, and remain dormant like fire within wood.
यस्य मन्त्रं न जानन्ति बाह्याश्चाभ्यन्तराश्च ये। स राजा सर्वतश्चक्षुश्चिरमैश्वर्यमश्नुते ॥५-३८-१५॥
yasya mantraṁ na jānanti bāhyāścābhyantarāśca ye। sa rājā sarvataścakṣuściramaiśvaryamaśnute ॥5-38-15॥
[यस्य (yasya) - whose; मन्त्रं (mantraṁ) - mantra; न (na) - not; जानन्ति (jānanti) - know; बाह्याः (bāhyāḥ) - external; च (ca) - and; अभ्यन्तराः (abhyantarāḥ) - internal; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; स (sa) - that; राजा (rājā) - king; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - everywhere; चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; चिरम् (ciram) - long; ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - prosperity; अश्नुते (aśnute) - enjoys;]
(Whose mantra is not known by those who are external and internal, that king, with eyes everywhere, enjoys long-lasting prosperity.)
The king, whose mantra is unknown to both outsiders and insiders, possesses a vision that sees all and enjoys enduring prosperity.
करिष्यन्न प्रभाषेत कृतान्येव च दर्शयेत्। धर्मकामार्थकार्याणि तथा मन्त्रो न भिद्यते ॥५-३८-१६॥
kariṣyanna prabhāṣeta kṛtānyeva ca darśayet। dharmakāmārthakāryāṇi tathā mantro na bhidyate ॥5-38-16॥
[करिष्यन्न (kariṣyanna) - intending to do; प्रभाषेत (prabhāṣeta) - should speak; कृतानि (kṛtāni) - done; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and; दर्शयेत् (darśayet) - should show; धर्मकामार्थकार्याणि (dharmakāmārthakāryāṇi) - duties related to dharma, desire, and wealth; तथा (tathā) - thus; मन्त्रः (mantraḥ) - counsel; न (na) - not; भिद्यते (bhidyate) - is broken;]
(Intending to do, one should speak and show only what is done. Thus, the counsel related to duties of dharma, desire, and wealth is not broken.)
One should speak and demonstrate only what is intended to be done. In this way, the counsel concerning duties related to dharma, desire, and wealth remains intact.
गिरिपृष्ठमुपारुह्य प्रासादं वा रहोगतः। अरण्ये निःशलाके वा तत्र मन्त्रो विधीयते ॥५-३८-१७॥
giripṛṣṭhamupāruhya prāsādaṃ vā rahogataḥ। araṇye niḥśalāke vā tatra mantro vidhīyate ॥5-38-17॥
[गिरिपृष्ठम् (giripṛṣṭham) - mountain top; उपारुह्य (upāruhya) - having ascended; प्रासादम् (prāsādam) - palace; वा (vā) - or; रहोगतः (rahogataḥ) - gone in seclusion; अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest; निःशलाके (niḥśalāke) - without people; वा (vā) - or; तत्र (tatra) - there; मन्त्रः (mantraḥ) - mantra; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed;]
(Having ascended the mountain top or gone to a palace in seclusion, or in the forest without people, there the mantra is prescribed.)
The mantra is to be prescribed when one has ascended to the mountain top, gone to a secluded palace, or is in a deserted forest.
नासुहृत्परमं मन्त्रं भारतार्हति वेदितुम्। अपण्डितो वापि सुहृत्पण्डितो वाप्यनात्मवान् ॥ अमात्ये ह्यर्थलिप्सा च मन्त्ररक्षणमेव च ॥५-३८-१८॥
nāsuhṛtparamaṃ mantraṃ bhāratārhati veditum। apaṇḍito vāpi suhṛtpaṇḍito vāpyanātmavān ॥ amātye hyarthalipsā ca mantrarakṣaṇameva ca ॥5-38-18॥
[न (na) - not; असुहृत् (asuhṛt) - non-friend; परमं (paramaṃ) - supreme; मन्त्रं (mantraṃ) - secret; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know; अपण्डितः (apaṇḍitaḥ) - unwise; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend; पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अनात्मवान् (anātmavān) - uncontrolled; अमात्ये (amātye) - in minister; हि (hi) - indeed; अर्थलिप्सा (arthalipsā) - desire for wealth; च (ca) - and; मन्त्ररक्षणम् (mantrarakṣaṇam) - protection of secret; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and;]
(A non-friend does not deserve to know the supreme secret, O Bhārata. An unwise friend or an uncontrolled wise person, even in a minister, indeed has a desire for wealth and only protection of secret.)
O Bhārata, a non-friend does not deserve to know the supreme secret. Even an unwise friend or a wise but uncontrolled person, even if they are a minister, indeed has a desire for wealth and only cares for the protection of secrets.
कृतानि सर्वकार्याणि यस्य वा पार्षदा विदुः। गूढमन्त्रस्य नृपतेस्तस्य सिद्धिरसंशयम् ॥५-३८-१९॥
kṛtāni sarvakāryāṇi yasya vā pārṣadā viduḥ। gūḍhamantrasya nṛpatestasya siddhirasaṃśayam ॥5-38-19॥
[कृतानि (kṛtāni) - done; सर्वकार्याणि (sarvakāryāṇi) - all tasks; यस्य (yasya) - whose; वा (vā) - or; पार्षदा (pārṣadā) - counselors; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; गूढमन्त्रस्य (gūḍhamantrasya) - of secret counsel; नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king; तस्य (tasya) - his; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; असंशयम् (asaṃśayam) - without doubt;]
(The tasks of all kinds, which are known by the counselors of the king of secret counsel, are accomplished without doubt.)
The tasks known by the king's counselors, who are privy to his secret counsel, are certainly accomplished without doubt.
अप्रशस्तानि कर्माणि यो मोहादनुतिष्ठति। स तेषां विपरिभ्रंशे भ्रश्यते जीवितादपि ॥५-३८-२०॥
apraśastāni karmāṇi yo mohād anutiṣṭhati। sa teṣāṃ viparibhraṃśe bhraśyate jīvitād api ॥5-38-20॥
[अप्रशस्तानि (apraśastāni) - unapproved; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; यः (yaḥ) - who; मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion; अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - performs; सः (saḥ) - he; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; विपरिभ्रंशे (viparibhraṃśe) - in downfall; भ्रश्यते (bhraśyate) - falls; जीवितात् (jīvitāt) - from life; अपि (api) - even;]
(He who performs unapproved actions out of delusion, falls from them and even from life.)
A person who, out of delusion, engages in actions that are not approved, ultimately faces downfall and even risks losing his life.
कर्मणां तु प्रशस्तानामनुष्ठानं सुखावहम्। तेषामेवाननुष्ठानं पश्चात्तापकरं महत् ॥५-३८-२१॥
karmaṇāṃ tu praśastānām anuṣṭhānaṃ sukhāvaham। teṣām evānuṣṭhānaṃ paścāttāpakaṃ mahat ॥5-38-21॥
[कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; तु (tu) - but; प्रशस्तानाम् (praśastānām) - of the commendable; अनुष्ठानम् (anuṣṭhānam) - performance; सुखावहम् (sukhāvaham) - bringing happiness; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those; एव (eva) - indeed; अननुष्ठानम् (ananuṣṭhānam) - non-performance; पश्चात्तापकरम् (paścāttāpakaṃ) - causing regret; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(The performance of commendable actions brings happiness. The non-performance of those indeed causes great regret.)
Performing commendable actions leads to happiness, while failing to perform them results in great regret.
स्थानवृद्धिक्षयज्ञस्य षाड्गुण्यविदितात्मनः। अनवज्ञातशीलस्य स्वाधीना पृथिवी नृप ॥५-३८-२२॥
sthānavṛddhikṣayajñasya ṣāḍguṇyaviditātmanaḥ। anavajñātaśīlasya svādhīnā pṛthivī nṛpa ॥5-38-22॥
[स्थान (sthāna) - place; वृद्धि (vṛddhi) - growth; क्षय (kṣaya) - decline; ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - of the knower; षाड्गुण्य (ṣāḍguṇya) - six qualities; विदित (vidita) - known; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self; अनवज्ञात (anavajñāta) - not despised; शीलस्य (śīlasya) - of character; स्वाधीना (svādhīnā) - under control; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; नृप (nṛpa) - king;]
(The earth is under the control of a king who knows the place, growth, and decline, is aware of the six qualities, and whose character is not despised.)
The earth is governed by a king who understands the dynamics of place, growth, and decline, is aware of the six strategic qualities, and possesses an esteemed character.
अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्यान्ववेक्षिणः। आत्मप्रत्ययकोशस्य वसुधेयं वसुन्धरा ॥५-३८-२३॥
amoghakrodhaharṣasya svayaṃ kṛtyānvavekṣiṇaḥ। ātmapratyayakośasya vasudheyaṃ vasundharā ॥5-38-23॥
[अमोघ (amogha) - infallible; क्रोध (krodha) - anger; हर्षस्य (harṣasya) - of joy; स्वयं (svayam) - self; कृत्य (kṛtya) - duty; अन्ववेक्षिणः (anvavekṣiṇaḥ) - examining; आत्म (ātma) - self; प्रत्यय (pratyaya) - belief; कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury; वसुधा (vasudhā) - earth; इयं (iyaṃ) - this; वसुन्धरा (vasundharā) - Vasundhara;]
(The infallible anger and joy, examining one's own duties, of the treasury of self-belief, this earth is Vasundhara.)
The earth, known as Vasundhara, is the embodiment of infallible anger and joy, constantly examining its own duties and the treasury of self-belief.
नाममात्रेण तुष्येत छत्रेण च महीपतिः। भृत्येभ्यो विसृजेदर्थान्नैकः सर्वहरो भवेत् ॥५-३८-२४॥
nāmamātreṇa tuṣyeta chatreṇa ca mahīpatiḥ। bhṛtyebhyo visṛjedarthānnaikaḥ sarvaharo bhavet ॥5-38-24॥
[नाममात्रेण (nāmamātreṇa) - by name only; तुष्येत (tuṣyeta) - should be satisfied; छत्रेण (chatreṇa) - with an umbrella; च (ca) - and; महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king; भृत्येभ्यः (bhṛtyebhyaḥ) - to servants; विसृजेत् (visṛjet) - should give; अर्थान् (arthān) - wealth; न (na) - not; एकः (ekaḥ) - alone; सर्वहरः (sarvaharaḥ) - all-consuming; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become;]
(The king should be satisfied with just the name and an umbrella; he should give wealth to the servants and not become all-consuming alone.)
A king should be content with mere titles and symbols of power like an umbrella, and should distribute wealth among his servants rather than hoarding it all for himself.
ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणं वेद भर्ता वेद स्त्रियं तथा। अमात्यं नृपतिर्वेद राजा राजानमेव च ॥५-३८-२५॥
brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaṃ veda bhartā veda striyaṃ tathā। amātyaṃ nṛpatirveda rājā rājānameva ca ॥5-38-25॥
[ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin; वेद (veda) - knows; भर्ता (bhartā) - husband; वेद (veda) - knows; स्त्रियम् (striyam) - a woman; तथा (tathā) - also; अमात्यम् (amātyam) - a minister; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; वेद (veda) - knows; राजा (rājā) - king; राजानम् (rājānam) - a king; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(A Brahmin knows a Brahmin, a husband knows a woman also; a king knows a minister, and indeed a king knows a king.)
A Brahmin recognizes another Brahmin, just as a husband understands a woman; similarly, a king is aware of his minister, and indeed, a king understands another king.
न शत्रुरङ्कमापन्नो मोक्तव्यो वध्यतां गतः। अहताद्धि भयं तस्माज्जायते नचिरादिव ॥५-३८-२६॥
na śatruraṅkamāpanno moktavyo vadhyatāṃ gataḥ। ahatāddhi bhayaṃ tasmājjāyate nacirādiva ॥5-38-26॥
[न (na) - not; शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy; अङ्कम् (aṅkam) - lap; आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - reached; मोक्तव्यः (moktavyaḥ) - should be released; वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - to be killed; गतः (gataḥ) - gone; अहतात् (ahatāt) - from the unhurt; हि (hi) - indeed; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; जायते (jāyate) - arises; न (na) - not; चिरात् (cirāt) - after a long time; इव (iva) - like;]
(An enemy who has reached the lap should not be released; for fear arises from the unhurt, as if not after a long time.)
An enemy who has come into one's grasp should not be released, for fear arises from the unharmed, as if soon.
दैवतेषु च यत्नेन राजसु ब्राह्मणेषु च। नियन्तव्यः सदा क्रोधो वृद्धबालातुरेषु च ॥५-३८-२७॥
daivateṣu ca yatnena rājasu brāhmaṇeṣu ca। niyantavyaḥ sadā krodho vṛddhabālātureṣu ca ॥5-38-27॥
[दैवतेषु (daivateṣu) - among the deities; च (ca) - and; यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort; राजसु (rājasu) - among kings; ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brahmins; च (ca) - and; नियन्तव्यः (niyantavyaḥ) - must be controlled; सदा (sadā) - always; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; वृद्धबालातुरेषु (vṛddhabālātureṣu) - among the old, children, and the sick; च (ca) - and;]
(Anger must always be controlled with effort among the deities, kings, Brahmins, and among the old, children, and the sick.)
One must always strive to control anger, especially among the deities, kings, Brahmins, and the vulnerable such as the elderly, children, and the sick.
निरर्थं कलहं प्राज्ञो वर्जयेन्मूढसेवितम्। कीर्तिं च लभते लोके न चानर्थेन युज्यते ॥५-३८-२८॥
nirarthaṁ kalahaṁ prājño varjayenmūḍhasevitam। kīrtiṁ ca labhate loke na cānarthena yujyate ॥5-38-28॥
[निरर्थम् (nirartham) - meaningless; कलहम् (kalaham) - quarrel; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise person; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid; मूढसेवितम् (mūḍhasevitam) - foolish; कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame; च (ca) - and; लभते (labhate) - obtains; लोके (loke) - in the world; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अनर्थेन (anarthena) - with misfortune; युज्यते (yujyate) - is associated;]
(A wise person should avoid meaningless quarrels indulged by fools; he obtains fame in the world and is not associated with misfortune.)
A wise person avoids meaningless quarrels indulged by fools, gains fame in the world, and remains free from misfortune.
प्रसादो निष्फलो यस्य क्रोधश्चापि निरर्थकः। न तं भर्तारमिच्छन्ति षण्ढं पतिमिव स्त्रियः ॥५-३८-२९॥
prasādo niṣphalo yasya krodhaścāpi nirarthakaḥ। na taṃ bhartāramicchanti ṣaṇḍhaṃ patimiva striyaḥ ॥5-38-29॥
[प्रसादः (prasādaḥ) - grace; निष्फलः (niṣphalaḥ) - fruitless; यस्य (yasya) - whose; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; निरर्थकः (nirarthakaḥ) - useless; न (na) - not; तम् (tam) - him; भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; षण्ढम् (ṣaṇḍham) - impotent; पतिम् (patim) - husband; इव (iva) - like; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women;]
(Grace is fruitless whose anger is also useless. Women do not desire him as a husband, like an impotent husband.)
Women do not wish for a husband whose grace is fruitless and anger is useless, just like they would not desire an impotent man as a husband.
न बुद्धिर्धनलाभाय न जाड्यमसमृद्धये। लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं प्राज्ञो जानाति नेतरः ॥५-३८-३०॥
na buddhirdhanalābhāya na jāḍyamasamṛddhaye। lokaparyāyavṛttāntaṃ prājño jānāti netaraḥ ॥5-38-30॥
[न (na) - not; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence; धनलाभाय (dhanalābhāya) - for wealth gain; न (na) - not; जाड्यम् (jāḍyam) - dullness; असमृद्धये (asamṛddhaye) - for non-prosperity; लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं (lokaparyāyavṛttāntaṃ) - worldly affairs; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise person; जानाति (jānāti) - knows; न (na) - not; इतः (itaraḥ) - otherwise;]
(Intelligence is not for wealth gain, nor is dullness for non-prosperity. A wise person knows worldly affairs, not otherwise.)
Intelligence does not necessarily lead to wealth, nor does dullness lead to lack of prosperity. It is the wise who understand the ways of the world, not others.
विद्याशीलवयोवृद्धान्बुद्धिवृद्धांश्च भारत। धनाभिजनवृद्धांश्च नित्यं मूढोऽवमन्यते ॥५-३८-३१॥
vidyāśīlavayovṛddhānbuddhivṛddhāṃśca bhārata। dhanābhijanavṛddhāṃśca nityaṃ mūḍho'vamanyate ॥5-38-31॥
[विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge; शील (śīla) - character; वयोवृद्धान् (vayovṛddhān) - aged; बुद्धिवृद्धान् (buddhivṛddhān) - wise; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; धन (dhana) - wealth; आभिजन (ābhijana) - noble birth; वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elderly; च (ca) - and; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - fool; अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - disrespects;]
(The fool always disrespects those who are aged in knowledge, character, wisdom, wealth, and noble birth, O Bharata.)
O Bharata, a fool always disrespects those who are elderly and wise in knowledge, character, wealth, and noble birth.
अनार्यवृत्तमप्राज्ञमसूयकमधार्मिकम्। अनर्थाः क्षिप्रमायान्ति वाग्दुष्टं क्रोधनं तथा ॥५-३८-३२॥
anāryavṛttamaprajñamasūyakamadhārmikam। anarthāḥ kṣipramāyānti vāgduṣṭaṃ krodhanaṃ tathā ॥5-38-32॥
[अनार्यवृत्तम् (anāryavṛttam) - of ignoble conduct; अप्राज्ञम् (aprajñam) - unwise; असूयकम् (asūyakam) - jealous; अधार्मिकम् (adhārmikam) - unrighteous; अनर्थाः (anarthāḥ) - disasters; क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly; आयान्ति (āyānti) - come; वाग्दुष्टम् (vāgduṣṭam) - foul-mouthed; क्रोधनम् (krodhanam) - angry; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Disasters quickly come to one who is of ignoble conduct, unwise, jealous, unrighteous, foul-mouthed, and angry.)
Disasters swiftly befall those who are ignoble in conduct, lacking wisdom, jealous, unrighteous, foul-mouthed, and prone to anger.
अविसंवादनं दानं समयस्याव्यतिक्रमः। आवर्तयन्ति भूतानि सम्यक्प्रणिहिता च वाक् ॥५-३८-३३॥
avisaṁvādanaṁ dānaṁ samayasyaavyatikramaḥ। āvartayanti bhūtāni samyakpraṇihitā ca vāk ॥5-38-33॥
[अविसंवादनं (avisaṁvādanaṁ) - non-deception; दानं (dānaṁ) - charity; समयस्य (samayasya) - of time; अव्यतिक्रमः (avyatikramaḥ) - non-transgression; आवर्तयन्ति (āvartayanti) - revolve; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; सम्यक्प्रणिहिता (samyakpraṇihitā) - well-directed; च (ca) - and; वाक् (vāk) - speech;]
(Non-deception, charity, non-transgression of time; beings revolve, and speech is well-directed.)
Non-deception, charity, and adherence to time ensure that beings continue their existence, and speech remains well-directed.
अविसंवादको दक्षः कृतज्ञो मतिमानृजुः। अपि सङ्क्षीणकोशोऽपि लभते परिवारणम् ॥५-३८-३४॥
avisaṁvādako dakṣaḥ kṛtajño matimānṛjuḥ। api saṅkṣīṇakośo'pi labhate parivāraṇam ॥5-38-34॥
[अविसंवादकः (avisaṁvādakaḥ) - one who does not break promises; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - skilled; कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful; मतिमान् (matimān) - wise; ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straightforward; अपि (api) - even; सङ्क्षीणकोशः (saṅkṣīṇakośaḥ) - one with diminished resources; अपि (api) - even; लभते (labhate) - obtains; परिवारणम् (parivāraṇam) - support;]
(One who does not break promises, is skilled, grateful, wise, and straightforward, even if he has diminished resources, obtains support.)
A person who is trustworthy, skilled, grateful, wise, and straightforward, even if he has limited resources, will find support.
धृतिः शमो दमः शौचं कारुण्यं वागनिष्ठुरा। मित्राणां चानभिद्रोहः सप्तैताः समिधः श्रियः ॥५-३८-३५॥
dhṛtiḥ śamo damaḥ śaucaṃ kāruṇyaṃ vāganiṣṭhurā। mitrāṇāṃ cānabhidrohaḥ saptaitāḥ samidhaḥ śriyaḥ ॥5-38-35॥
[धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness; शमः (śamaḥ) - calmness; दमः (damaḥ) - self-control; शौचं (śaucaṃ) - purity; कारुण्यं (kāruṇyaṃ) - compassion; वागनिष्ठुरा (vāganiṣṭhurā) - speech not harsh; मित्राणां (mitrāṇāṃ) - of friends; च (ca) - and; अनभिद्रोहः (anabhidrohaḥ) - non-injury; सप्त (sapta) - seven; एताः (etāḥ) - these; समिधः (samidhaḥ) - causes; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity;]
(Steadfastness, calmness, self-control, purity, compassion, speech not harsh, and non-injury towards friends are the seven causes of prosperity.)
The seven virtues that lead to prosperity are steadfastness, calmness, self-control, purity, compassion, gentle speech, and non-injury towards friends.
असंविभागी दुष्टात्मा कृतघ्नो निरपत्रपः। तादृङ्नराधमो लोके वर्जनीयो नराधिप ॥५-३८-३६॥
asaṁvibhāgī duṣṭātmā kṛtaghno nirapatrapaḥ। tādṛṅnarādhamaḥ loke varjanīyo narādhipa ॥5-38-36॥
[असंविभागी (asaṁvibhāgī) - not sharing; दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - wicked soul; कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful; निरपत्रपः (nirapatrapaḥ) - shameless; तादृक् (tādṛk) - such; नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - worst among men; लोके (loke) - in the world; वर्जनीयः (varjanīyaḥ) - to be avoided; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(Not sharing, wicked soul, ungrateful, shameless; such a worst among men is to be avoided in the world, O king.)
A person who does not share, has a wicked soul, is ungrateful and shameless, is considered the worst among men and should be avoided in the world, O king.
न स रात्रौ सुखं शेते ससर्प इव वेश्मनि। यः कोपयति निर्दोषं सदोषोऽभ्यन्तरं जनम् ॥५-३८-३७॥
na sa rātrau sukhaṃ śete sasarpa iva veśmani। yaḥ kopayati nirdoṣaṃ sadoṣo'bhyantaraṃ janam ॥5-38-37॥
[न (na) - not; स (sa) - he; रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - comfortably; शेते (śete) - sleeps; ससर्प (sasarpa) - with a snake; इव (iva) - like; वेश्मनि (veśmani) - in the house; यः (yaḥ) - who; कोपयति (kopayati) - angers; निर्दोषं (nirdoṣaṃ) - innocent; सदोषः (sadoṣaḥ) - guilty; अभ्यन्तरं (abhyantaraṃ) - inside; जनम् (janam) - people;]
(He does not sleep comfortably at night, like with a snake in the house, who, being guilty, angers innocent people inside.)
A guilty person who angers innocent people inside the house does not sleep comfortably at night, as if there is a snake in the house.
येषु दुष्टेषु दोषः स्याद्योगक्षेमस्य भारत। सदा प्रसादनं तेषां देवतानामिवाचरेत् ॥५-३८-३८॥
yeṣu duṣṭeṣu doṣaḥ syādyogakṣemasya bhārata। sadā prasādanaṃ teṣāṃ devatānāmivācaret ॥5-38-38॥
[येषु (yeṣu) - in whom; दुष्टेषु (duṣṭeṣu) - in the wicked; दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; योगक्षेमस्य (yogakṣemasya) - of welfare; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; सदा (sadā) - always; प्रसादनं (prasādanaṃ) - appeasement; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the deities; इव (iva) - like; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should act;]
(In whom there may be a fault in the welfare, O Bharata, always appeasement of them like of the deities should act.)
O Bharata, if there is a fault in the welfare of the wicked, one should always act to appease them as if they were deities.
येऽर्थाः स्त्रीषु समासक्ताः प्रथमोत्पतितेषु च। ये चानार्यसमासक्ताः सर्वे ते संशयं गताः ॥५-३८-३९॥
ye'rthāḥ strīṣu samāsaktāḥ prathamotpatiteṣu ca। ye cānāryasamāsaktāḥ sarve te saṃśayaṃ gatāḥ ॥5-38-39॥
[ये (ye) - those who; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth; स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - in women; समासक्ताः (samāsaktāḥ) - attached; प्रथमोत्पतितेषु (prathamotpatiteṣu) - in the first arisen; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those who; च (ca) - and; अनार्य (anārya) - ignoble; समासक्ताः (samāsaktāḥ) - attached; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ते (te) - they; संशयं (saṃśayam) - doubt; गताः (gatāḥ) - gone;]
(Those who are attached to wealth, women, and the first arisen, and those who are attached to ignoble things, all of them have gone into doubt.)
Those who are attached to wealth, women, and the first arisen, as well as those who are attached to ignoble things, all of them have fallen into doubt.
यत्र स्त्री यत्र कितवो यत्र बालोऽनुशास्ति च। मज्जन्ति तेऽवशा देशा नद्यामश्मप्लवा इव ॥५-३८-४०॥
yatra strī yatra kitavo yatra bālo'nuśāsti ca। majjanti te'vaśā deśā nadyāmaśmaplavā iva ॥5-38-40॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; स्त्री (strī) - woman; यत्र (yatra) - where; कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler; यत्र (yatra) - where; बालः (bālaḥ) - child; अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - rules; च (ca) - and; मज्जन्ति (majjanti) - sink; ते (te) - those; अवशाः (avaśāḥ) - helpless; देशाः (deśāḥ) - countries; नद्याम् (nadyām) - in river; अश्मप्लवाः (aśmaplavāḥ) - stone-floats; इव (iva) - like;]
(Where a woman, a gambler, or a child rules, those helpless countries sink like stone-floats in a river.)
In places where a woman, a gambler, or a child holds authority, those nations are doomed to fail, much like stones trying to float in a river.
प्रयोजनेषु ये सक्ता न विशेषेषु भारत। तानहं पण्डितान्मन्ये विशेषा हि प्रसङ्गिनः ॥५-३८-४१॥
prayojaneṣu ye saktā na viśeṣeṣu bhārata। tānahaṃ paṇḍitān manye viśeṣā hi prasaṅginaḥ ॥5-38-41॥
[प्रयोजनेषु (prayojaneṣu) - in purposes; ये (ye) - who; सक्ता (saktā) - attached; न (na) - not; विशेषेषु (viśeṣeṣu) - in distinctions; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; तान् (tān) - them; अहम् (aham) - I; पण्डितान् (paṇḍitān) - wise; मन्ये (manye) - consider; विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) - distinctions; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रसङ्गिनः (prasaṅginaḥ) - attached ones;]
(Those who are attached to purposes, not to distinctions, O Bhārata, I consider them wise, for distinctions are indeed for the attached ones.)
O Bhārata, those who are focused on purposes rather than distinctions are considered wise by me, as distinctions are truly for those who are attached.
यं प्रशंसन्ति कितवा यं प्रशंसन्ति चारणाः। यं प्रशंसन्ति बन्धक्यो न स जीवति मानवः ॥५-३८-४२॥
yaṁ praśaṁsanti kitavā yaṁ praśaṁsanti cāraṇāḥ। yaṁ praśaṁsanti bandhakyo na sa jīvati mānavaḥ ॥5-38-42॥
[यं (yaṁ) - whom; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - praise; कितवाः (kitavāḥ) - gamblers; यं (yaṁ) - whom; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - praise; चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards; यं (yaṁ) - whom; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - praise; बन्धक्यः (bandhakyaḥ) - courtesans; न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - he; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man;]
(Whom the gamblers praise, whom the bards praise, whom the courtesans praise, that man does not live.)
The man whom gamblers, bards, and courtesans praise is not truly alive.
हित्वा तान्परमेष्वासान्पाण्डवानमितौजसः। आहितं भारतैश्वर्यं त्वया दुर्योधने महत् ॥५-३८-४३॥
hitvā tān parameṣvāsān pāṇḍavān amitaujasaḥ। āhitaṃ bhārata aiśvaryaṃ tvayā duryodhane mahat ॥5-38-43॥
[हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; तान् (tān) - those; परमेष्वासान् (parameṣvāsān) - great archers; पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - Pāṇḍavas; अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - of immeasurable energy; आहितं (āhitam) - established; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ऐश्वर्यं (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - in Duryodhana; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(Having abandoned those great archers, the Pāṇḍavas of immeasurable energy, the great sovereignty has been established by you in Duryodhana, O Bhārata.)
"Having left the mighty Pāṇḍavas, who are unparalleled archers and possess immense energy, you have established great sovereignty in Duryodhana, O Bhārata."
तं द्रक्ष्यसि परिभ्रष्टं तस्मात्त्वं नचिरादिव। ऐश्वर्यमदसंमूढं बलिं लोकत्रयादिव ॥५-३८-४४॥
taṁ drakṣyasi paribhraṣṭaṁ tasmāttvaṁ nacirādiva। aiśvaryamadasaṁmūḍhaṁ baliṁ lokatrayādiva ॥5-38-44॥
[तं (taṁ) - him; द्रक्ष्यसि (drakṣyasi) - you will see; परिभ्रष्टं (paribhraṣṭaṁ) - fallen; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; न (na) - not; चिरात् (cirāt) - long; इव (iva) - like; ऐश्वर्यमदसंमूढं (aiśvaryamadasaṁmūḍhaṁ) - deluded by the pride of power; बलिं (baliṁ) - Bali; लोकत्रयादिव (lokatrayādiva) - like from the three worlds;]
(You will see him fallen, therefore you, like not long, deluded by the pride of power, Bali, like from the three worlds.)
You will soon see him fallen, therefore you, like Bali who was deluded by the pride of power, will not take long to fall from the three worlds.
