05.039
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
अनीश्वरोऽयं पुरुषो भवाभवे; सूत्रप्रोता दारुमयीव योषा। धात्रा तु दिष्टस्य वशे किलायं; तस्माद्वद त्वं श्रवणे धृतोऽहम् ॥५-३९-१॥
anīśvaro'yaṁ puruṣo bhavābhave; sūtraprotā dārumayīva yoṣā। dhātrā tu diṣṭasya vaśe kilāyaṁ; tasmādvada tvaṁ śravaṇe dhṛto'ham ॥5-39-1॥
[अनीश्वरो (anīśvaraḥ) - powerless; अयम् (ayam) - this; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; भव-अभवे (bhava-abhave) - in existence and non-existence; सूत्र-प्रोता (sūtra-protā) - threaded on a string; दारुमयी (dārumayī) - wooden; इव (iva) - like; योषा (yoṣā) - a doll; धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the creator; तु (tu) - but; दिष्टस्य (diṣṭasya) - of fate; वशे (vaśe) - under control; किल (kila) - indeed; अयम् (ayam) - this; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; वद (vada) - speak; त्वम् (tvam) - you; श्रवणे (śravaṇe) - in hearing; धृतः (dhṛtaḥ) - held; अहम् (aham) - I am.;]
(This man is powerless in existence and non-existence; like a wooden doll threaded on a string. Indeed, he is under the control of fate by the creator; therefore, speak, you are held in hearing.)
This man is like a puppet, powerless in the cycle of life and death, just like a wooden doll strung on a thread. He is indeed under the control of destiny as ordained by the creator. Therefore, speak, for I am attentive to your words.
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vidura said:)
Vidura spoke:
अप्राप्तकालं वचनं बृहस्पतिरपि ब्रुवन्। लभते बुद्ध्यवज्ञानमवमानं च भारत ॥५-३९-२॥
aprāptakālaṃ vacanaṃ bṛhaspatirapi bruvan। labhate buddhyavajñānamavamānaṃ ca bhārata ॥5-39-2॥
[अप्राप्तकालं (aprāptakālaṃ) - untimely; वचनं (vacanaṃ) - speech; बृहस्पतिरपि (bṛhaspatirapi) - even Bṛhaspati; ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking; लभते (labhate) - obtains; बुद्ध्यवज्ञानम् (buddhyavajñānam) - disregard of intelligence; अवमानं (avamānaṃ) - disrespect; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Even Bṛhaspati, speaking untimely words, O Bhārata, obtains disregard of intelligence and disrespect.)
O Bhārata, even the wise Bṛhaspati, if he speaks at an inappropriate time, faces disregard and disrespect.
प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापरः। मन्त्रं मूलबलेनान्यो यः प्रियः प्रिय एव सः ॥५-३९-३॥
priyo bhavati dānena priyavādena cāparaḥ। mantraṁ mūlabalenānayo yaḥ priyaḥ priya eva saḥ ॥5-39-3॥
[प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; दानेन (dānena) - by giving; प्रियवादेन (priyavādena) - by kind words; च (ca) - and; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; मन्त्रं (mantraṁ) - mantra; मूलबलेन (mūlabalena) - by root strength; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; प्रिय (priya) - dear; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Dear becomes by giving, by kind words, another. Mantra by root strength another who dear, dear indeed he.)
One becomes dear by giving and by speaking kind words. Another becomes dear through the strength of mantras and roots. Whoever is dear, he is indeed dear.
द्वेष्यो न साधुर्भवति न मेधावी न पण्डितः। प्रिये शुभानि कर्माणि द्वेष्ये पापानि भारत ॥५-३९-४॥
dveṣyo na sādhuḥ bhavati na medhāvī na paṇḍitaḥ। priye śubhāni karmāṇi dveṣye pāpāni bhārata ॥5-39-4॥
[द्वेष्यः (dveṣyaḥ) - hateful; न (na) - not; साधुः (sādhuḥ) - good; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; न (na) - not; मेधावी (medhāvī) - wise; न (na) - not; पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - scholar; प्रिये (priye) - dear; शुभानि (śubhāni) - auspicious; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; द्वेष्ये (dveṣye) - in the hateful; पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(The hateful does not become good, nor wise, nor a scholar. Dear, auspicious actions are in the hateful, sinful, O Bhārata.)
A person who is hateful does not become virtuous, wise, or scholarly. O Bhārata, dear auspicious actions are found in those who are hateful and sinful.
न स क्षयो महाराज यः क्षयो वृद्धिमावहेत्। क्षयः स त्विह मन्तव्यो यं लब्ध्वा बहु नाशयेत् ॥५-३९-५॥
na sa kṣayo mahārāja yaḥ kṣayo vṛddhimāvahēt। kṣayaḥ sa tviha mantavyo yaṃ labdhvā bahu nāśayēt ॥5-39-5॥
[न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - that; क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - decline; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; यः (yaḥ) - which; क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - decline; वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth; आवहेत् (āvahēt) - brings; क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - decline; सः (saḥ) - that; तु (tu) - but; इह (iha) - here; मन्तव्यः (mantavyaḥ) - to be considered; यम् (yam) - which; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; बहु (bahu) - much; नाशयेत् (nāśayēt) - destroys;]
(Not that decline, O great king, which decline brings growth. That decline, however, is to be considered here, which having obtained, destroys much.)
O great king, not that decline which leads to growth should be considered a decline. Rather, that decline which, once obtained, causes much destruction, should be regarded as such.
समृद्धा गुणतः केचिद्भवन्ति धनतोऽपरे। धनवृद्धान्गुणैर्हीनान्धृतराष्ट्र विवर्जयेत् ॥५-३९-६॥
samṛddhā guṇataḥ kecidbhavanti dhanato'pare। dhanavṛddhānguṇairhīnāndhṛtarāṣṭra vivarjayet ॥5-39-6॥
[समृद्धाः (samṛddhāḥ) - prosperous; गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - by virtues; केचित् (kecit) - some; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; धनतः (dhanataḥ) - by wealth; अपरे (apare) - others; धनवृद्धान् (dhanavṛddhān) - wealthy; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by virtues; हीनान् (hīnān) - devoid; धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - should avoid;]
(Some become prosperous by virtues, others by wealth. O Dhritarashtra, you should avoid those wealthy ones who are devoid of virtues.)
Some people become prosperous due to their virtues, while others do so because of their wealth. O Dhritarashtra, you should avoid those who are wealthy but lack virtues.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
सर्वं त्वमायतीयुक्तं भाषसे प्राज्ञसंमतम्। न चोत्सहे सुतं त्यक्तुं यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः ॥५-३९-७॥
sarvaṁ tvamāyatīyuktaṁ bhāṣase prājñasaṁmatam। na cotsahe sutaṁ tyaktuṁ yato dharmastato jayaḥ ॥5-39-7॥
[सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything; त्वम् (tvam) - you; आयतीयुक्तम् (āyatīyuktam) - with foresight; भाषसे (bhāṣase) - speak; प्राज्ञसंमतम् (prājñasaṁmatam) - approved by the wise; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; उत्सहे (utsahe) - capable; सुतम् (sutam) - son; त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon; यतः (yataḥ) - where; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; ततः (tataḥ) - there; जयः (jayaḥ) - victory;]
(You speak everything with foresight, approved by the wise. I am not capable of abandoning my son, where there is duty, there is victory.)
You express everything with wisdom and foresight, as approved by the wise. However, I cannot abandon my son, for where there is duty, there lies victory.
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vidura said:)
Vidura spoke:
स्वभावगुणसम्पन्नो न जातु विनयान्वितः। सुसूक्ष्ममपि भूतानामुपमर्दं प्रयोक्ष्यते ॥५-३९-८॥
svabhāvaguṇasampanno na jātu vinayānvitaḥ। susūkṣmamapi bhūtānāmupamardaṃ prayokṣyate ॥5-39-8॥
[स्वभाव (svabhāva) - nature; गुण (guṇa) - qualities; सम्पन्नः (sampannaḥ) - endowed with; न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; विनय (vinaya) - humility; अन्वितः (anvitaḥ) - possessed of; सुसूक्ष्मम् (susūkṣmam) - very subtle; अपि (api) - even; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; उपमर्दम् (upamardam) - harm; प्रयोक्ष्यते (prayokṣyate) - will inflict;]
(Endowed with qualities of nature, never possessed of humility, will inflict even very subtle harm on beings.)
A person endowed with natural qualities, but lacking humility, will never inflict even the slightest harm on beings.
परापवादनिरताः परदुःखोदयेषु च। परस्परविरोधे च यतन्ते सततोत्थिताः ॥५-३९-९॥
parāpavādaniratāḥ paraduḥkhodayeṣu ca। parasparavirodhe ca yatante satatotthitāḥ ॥5-39-9॥
[परापवादनिरताः (parāpavādaniratāḥ) - engaged in slandering others; परदुःखोदयेषु (paraduḥkhodayeṣu) - in the rise of others' sorrow; च (ca) - and; परस्परविरोधे (parasparavirodhe) - in mutual conflict; च (ca) - and; यतन्ते (yatante) - they strive; सततोत्थिताः (satatotthitāḥ) - constantly active;]
(Engaged in slandering others, in the rise of others' sorrow, and in mutual conflict, they strive, constantly active.)
They are constantly engaged in slandering others, rejoicing in others' miseries, and are always active in mutual conflicts.
सदोषं दर्शनं येषां संवासे सुमहद्भयम्। अर्थादाने महान्दोषः प्रदाने च महद्भयम् ॥५-३९-१०॥
sadoṣaṃ darśanaṃ yeṣāṃ saṃvāse sumahadbhayam। arthādāne mahāndoṣaḥ pradāne ca mahadbhayam ॥5-39-10॥
[सदोषं (sadoṣam) - with faults; दर्शनं (darśanam) - vision; येषां (yeṣām) - whose; संवासे (saṃvāse) - in association; सुमहद्भयम् (sumahadbhayam) - great fear; अर्थादाने (arthādāne) - in receiving wealth; महान्दोषः (mahāndoṣaḥ) - great fault; प्रदाने (pradāne) - in giving; च (ca) - and; महत्भयम् (mahadbhayam) - great fear;]
(The vision of those with faults, in association, is of great fear. In receiving wealth, there is a great fault; and in giving, there is great fear.)
The company of those whose vision is flawed brings great fear. There is a significant fault in acquiring wealth, and giving also involves great fear.
ये पापा इति विख्याताः संवासे परिगर्हिताः। युक्ताश्चान्यैर्महादोषैर्ये नरास्तान्विवर्जयेत् ॥५-३९-११॥
ye pāpā iti vikhyātāḥ saṃvāse parigarhitāḥ। yuktāścānyairmahādoṣairye narāstānvivarjayet ॥5-39-11॥
[ये (ye) - those who; पापा (pāpā) - sinners; इति (iti) - thus; विख्याताः (vikhyātāḥ) - known; संवासे (saṃvāse) - in association; परिगर्हिताः (parigarhitāḥ) - condemned; युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged; च (ca) - and; अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - with other; महादोषैः (mahādoṣaiḥ) - great faults; ये (ye) - those who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; तान् (tān) - them; विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - should avoid;]
(Those who are known as sinners, condemned in association, engaged with other great faults, those men should avoid them.)
Those who are known as sinners and are condemned in association with other great faults, such men should be avoided.
निवर्तमाने सौहार्दे प्रीतिर्नीचे प्रणश्यति। या चैव फलनिर्वृत्तिः सौहृदे चैव यत्सुखम् ॥५-३९-१२॥
nivartamāne sauhārde prītirnīce praṇaśyati। yā caiva phalanirvṛttiḥ sauhṛde caiva yatsukham ॥5-39-12॥
[निवर्तमाने (nivartamāne) - when ceases; सौहार्दे (sauhārde) - friendship; प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - affection; नीचे (nīce) - in the lowly; प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes; या (yā) - which; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; फलनिर्वृत्तिः (phalanirvṛttiḥ) - result; सौहृदे (sauhṛde) - in friendship; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यत् (yat) - which; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]
(When friendship ceases, affection perishes in the lowly. The result which is indeed in friendship and the happiness which is indeed.)
When friendship ends, affection in the lowly perishes. The result and happiness that come from friendship are indeed significant.
यतते चापवादाय यत्नमारभते क्षये। अल्पेऽप्यपकृते मोहान्न शान्तिमुपगच्छति ॥५-३९-१३॥
yatate cāpavādāya yatnamārabhate kṣaye। alpe'pyapakṛte mohānna śāntimupagacchati ॥5-39-13॥
[यतते (yatate) - strives; च (ca) - and; अपवादाय (apavādāya) - for slander; यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort; आरभते (ārabhate) - begins; क्षये (kṣaye) - for destruction; अल्पे (alpe) - in small; अपि (api) - even; अपकृते (apakṛte) - in harm; मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion; न (na) - not; शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace; उपगच्छति (upagacchati) - attains;]
(He strives for slander, begins efforts for destruction. Even in small harm, out of delusion, he does not attain peace.)
He engages in efforts for slander and destruction. Even when causing small harm, due to delusion, he does not find peace.
तादृशैः सङ्गतं नीचैर्नृशंसैरकृतात्मभिः। निशाम्य निपुणं बुद्ध्या विद्वान्दूराद्विवर्जयेत् ॥५-३९-१४॥
tādṛśaiḥ saṅgataṃ nīcairnṛśaṃsairakṛtātmabhiḥ। niśāmya nipuṇaṃ buddhyā vidvāndūrādvivarjayet ॥5-39-14॥
[तादृशैः (tādṛśaiḥ) - with such; सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - association; नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - with lowly; नृशंसैः (nṛśaṃsaiḥ) - with cruel; अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - with undisciplined; निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed; निपुणम् (nipuṇam) - carefully; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise person; दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar; विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - should avoid;]
(Having observed carefully with intelligence, a wise person should avoid association with such lowly, cruel, and undisciplined people from afar.)
A wise person, upon careful observation with intelligence, should keep away from associating with lowly, cruel, and undisciplined individuals, even from a distance.
यो ज्ञातिमनुगृह्णाति दरिद्रं दीनमातुरम्। स पुत्रपशुभिर्वृद्धिं यशश्चाव्ययमश्नुते ॥५-३९-१५॥
yo jñātimanugṛhṇāti daridraṃ dīnamāturam। sa putrapaśubhirvṛddhiṃ yaśaścāvyayamaśnute ॥5-39-15॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; ज्ञातिम् (jñātim) - relative; अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - helps; दरिद्रम् (daridram) - poor; दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable; आतुरम् (āturam) - distressed; सः (saḥ) - he; पुत्रपशुभिः (putrapaśubhiḥ) - with sons and cattle; वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; च (ca) - and; अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(Who helps a poor, miserable, and distressed relative, he attains growth, fame, and imperishable wealth with sons and cattle.)
He who assists a poor, miserable, and distressed relative will achieve growth, fame, and lasting prosperity with his sons and cattle.
ज्ञातयो वर्धनीयास्तैर्य इच्छन्त्यात्मनः शुभम्। कुलवृद्धिं च राजेन्द्र तस्मात्साधु समाचर ॥५-३९-१६॥
jñātayo vardhanīyāstairya icchantyātmanaḥ śubham। kulavṛddhiṃ ca rājendra tasmātsādhu samācara ॥5-39-16॥
[ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives; वर्धनीयाः (vardhanīyāḥ) - to be fostered; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; यः (yaḥ) - who; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; शुभम् (śubham) - good; कुलवृद्धिम् (kulavṛddhim) - family growth; च (ca) - and; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; साधु (sādhu) - properly; समाचर (samācara) - act; ॥५-३९-१६॥ (॥5-39-16॥) - (verse number);]
(Relatives are to be fostered by those who desire their own good and family growth, O king; therefore, act properly.)
O King, those who desire their own welfare and the growth of their family should foster their relatives. Therefore, act properly.
श्रेयसा योक्ष्यसे राजन्कुर्वाणो ज्ञातिसत्क्रियाम्। विगुणा ह्यपि संरक्ष्या ज्ञातयो भरतर्षभ ॥५-३९-१७॥
śreyasā yokṣyase rājan kurvāṇo jñātisatkriyām। viguṇā hyapi saṁrakṣyā jñātayo bharatarṣabha ॥5-39-17॥
[श्रेयसा (śreyasā) - with excellence; योक्ष्यसे (yokṣyase) - you will perform; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कुर्वाणः (kurvāṇaḥ) - doing; ज्ञातिसत्क्रियाम् (jñātisatkriyām) - honoring relatives; विगुणाः (viguṇāḥ) - deficient; हि (hi) - indeed; अपि (api) - even; संरक्ष्याः (saṁrakṣyāḥ) - to be protected; ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(With excellence, you will perform, O king, doing the honoring of relatives. Even deficient ones indeed are to be protected, O best of the Bharatas.)
O King, by performing the honoring of relatives with excellence, even those who are deficient should indeed be protected, O best of the Bharatas.
किं पुनर्गुणवन्तस्ते त्वत्प्रसादाभिकाङ्क्षिणः। प्रसादं कुरु दीनानां पाण्डवानां विशां पते ॥५-३९-१८॥
kiṁ punarguṇavantaste tvatprasādābhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ। prasādaṁ kuru dīnānāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ viśāṁ pate ॥5-39-18॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; गुणवन्तः (guṇavantaḥ) - virtuous ones; ते (te) - they; त्वत् (tvat) - your; प्रसाद (prasāda) - grace; अभिकाङ्क्षिणः (abhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring; प्रसादं (prasādaṁ) - grace; कुरु (kuru) - do; दीनानां (dīnānāṁ) - of the distressed; पाण्डवानां (pāṇḍavānāṁ) - of the Pandavas; विशां (viśāṁ) - of the people; पते (pate) - lord;]
(What then of the virtuous ones who desire your grace? Grant grace to the distressed Pandavas, O lord of the people.)
What about the virtuous ones who seek your favor? Please show kindness to the suffering Pandavas, O lord of the people.
दीयन्तां ग्रामकाः केचित्तेषां वृत्त्यर्थमीश्वर। एवं लोके यशःप्राप्तो भविष्यसि नराधिप ॥५-३९-१९॥
dīyantāṃ grāmakāḥ kecitteṣāṃ vṛttyarthamīśvara। evaṃ loke yaśaḥprāpto bhaviṣyasi narādhipa ॥5-39-19॥
[दीयन्तां (dīyantāṃ) - let them be given; ग्रामकाः (grāmakāḥ) - villages; केचित् (kecit) - some; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - for them; वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for livelihood; ईश्वर (īśvara) - O lord; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; लोके (loke) - in the world; यशःप्राप्तः (yaśaḥprāptaḥ) - fame obtained; भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(Let some villages be given to them for livelihood, O lord. Thus, you will obtain fame in the world, O king.)
O lord, grant them some villages for their livelihood. In this way, you will gain fame in the world, O king.
वृद्धेन हि त्वया कार्यं पुत्राणां तात रक्षणम्। मया चापि हितं वाच्यं विद्धि मां त्वद्धितैषिणम् ॥५-३९-२०॥
vṛddhena hi tvayā kāryaṃ putrāṇāṃ tāta rakṣaṇam। mayā cāpi hitaṃ vācyaṃ viddhi māṃ tvaddhitaiṣiṇam ॥5-39-20॥
[वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by the elder; हि (hi) - indeed; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - duty; पुत्राणां (putrāṇāṃ) - of the sons; तात (tāta) - O dear; रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; मया (mayā) - by me; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; हितं (hitaṃ) - welfare; वाच्यं (vācyaṃ) - to be spoken; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; मां (māṃ) - me; त्वद्धितैषिणम् (tvaddhitaiṣiṇam) - desirous of your welfare;]
(Indeed, the duty of protecting the sons, O dear, is by the elder and by you; also, welfare is to be spoken by me. Know me as desirous of your welfare.)
O dear, it is indeed the elder's and your duty to protect the sons. I too must speak for their welfare. Know that I am desirous of your welfare.
ज्ञातिभिर्विग्रहस्तात न कर्तव्यो भवार्थिना। सुखानि सह भोज्यानि ज्ञातिभिर्भरतर्षभ ॥५-३९-२१॥
jñātibhirvigrahastāta na kartavyo bhavārthinā। sukhāni saha bhojyāni jñātibhirbharatarṣabha ॥5-39-21॥
[ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - by relatives; विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict; तात (tāta) - dear; न (na) - not; कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done; भवार्थिना (bhavārthinā) - by one desiring welfare; सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures; सह (saha) - together; भोज्यानि (bhojyāni) - to be enjoyed; ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - with relatives; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(Dear, conflict should not be done by one desiring welfare with relatives. Pleasures are to be enjoyed together with relatives, O best of the Bharatas.)
Dear one, do not engage in conflict with your relatives if you desire welfare. Happiness is best enjoyed together with family, O best of the Bharatas.
सम्भोजनं सङ्कथनं सम्प्रीतिश्च परस्परम्। ज्ञातिभिः सह कार्याणि न विरोधः कथञ्चन ॥५-३९-२२॥
sambhojanaṃ saṅkathanaṃ samprītiśca parasparam। jñātibhiḥ saha kāryāṇi na virodhaḥ kathañcana ॥5-39-22॥
[सम्भोजनं (sambhojanam) - sharing of meals; सङ्कथनं (saṅkathanam) - conversation; सम्प्रीतिः (samprītiḥ) - affection; च (ca) - and; परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutual; ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - with relatives; सह (saha) - together; कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - activities; न (na) - not; विरोधः (virodhaḥ) - conflict; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way;]
(Sharing of meals, conversation, and mutual affection with relatives together are activities without any conflict in any way.)
Sharing meals, engaging in conversation, and having mutual affection with relatives are activities that should never lead to conflict.
ज्ञातयस्तारयन्तीह ज्ञातयो मज्जयन्ति च। सुवृत्तास्तारयन्तीह दुर्वृत्ता मज्जयन्ति च ॥५-३९-२३॥
jñātayastārayantīha jñātayo majjayanti ca। suvṛttāstārayantīha durvṛttā majjayanti ca ॥5-39-23॥
[ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives; तारयन्ति (tārayanti) - uplift; इह (iha) - here; ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives; मज्जयन्ति (majjayanti) - drown; च (ca) - and; सुवृत्ताः (suvṛttāḥ) - well-behaved; तारयन्ति (tārayanti) - uplift; इह (iha) - here; दुर्वृत्ताः (durvṛttāḥ) - ill-behaved; मज्जयन्ति (majjayanti) - drown; च (ca) - and;]
(Relatives uplift here, relatives drown and; well-behaved uplift here, ill-behaved drown and.)
Here, relatives can either uplift or drown you; well-behaved ones uplift, while ill-behaved ones drown.
सुवृत्तो भव राजेन्द्र पाण्डवान्प्रति मानद। अधर्षणीयः शत्रूणां तैर्वृतस्त्वं भविष्यसि ॥५-३९-२४॥
suvṛtto bhava rājendra pāṇḍavānprati mānadaḥ। adharṣaṇīyaḥ śatrūṇāṃ tairvṛtastvaṃ bhaviṣyasi ॥5-39-24॥
[सुवृत्तः (suvṛttaḥ) - well-behaved; भव (bhava) - be; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - towards the Pandavas; प्रति (prati) - towards; मानदः (mānadaḥ) - giver of respect; अधर्षणीयः (adharṣaṇīyaḥ) - invincible; शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded; त्वम् (tvam) - you; भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - will become;]
(Be well-behaved, O king, towards the Pandavas, giver of respect. You will become invincible to enemies, surrounded by them.)
O King, be well-behaved and respectful towards the Pandavas. You will become invincible to your enemies and will be surrounded by them.
श्रीमन्तं ज्ञातिमासाद्य यो ज्ञातिरवसीदति। दिग्धहस्तं मृग इव स एनस्तस्य विन्दति ॥५-३९-२५॥
śrīmantaṃ jñātimāsādya yo jñātiravasīdati। digdhahastaṃ mṛga iva sa enastasya vindati ॥5-39-25॥
[श्रीमन्तं (śrīmantaṃ) - prosperous; ज्ञातिम् (jñātim) - relative; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached; यः (yaḥ) - who; ज्ञातिः (jñātiḥ) - relative; अवसीदति (avasīdati) - sinks; दिग्धहस्तं (digdhahastaṃ) - with smeared hands; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer; इव (iva) - like; सः (saḥ) - he; एनः (enaḥ) - sin; तस्य (tasya) - his; विन्दति (vindati) - finds;]
(Having approached a prosperous relative, the relative sinks. Like a deer with smeared hands, he finds his sin.)
When one approaches a prosperous relative, the relative becomes distressed. Just like a deer with smeared hands, he finds himself in trouble.
पश्चादपि नरश्रेष्ठ तव तापो भविष्यति। तान्वा हतान्सुतान्वापि श्रुत्वा तदनुचिन्तय ॥५-३९-२६॥
paścādapi naraśreṣṭha tava tāpo bhaviṣyati। tānvā hatānsutānvāpi śrutvā tadanucintaya ॥5-39-26॥
[पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; अपि (api) - also; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men; तव (tava) - your; तापः (tāpaḥ) - grief; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; तान् (tān) - them; वा (vā) - or; हतान् (hatān) - slain; सुतान् (sutān) - sons; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; तत् (tat) - that; अनुचिन्तय (anucintaya) - reflect upon;]
(Afterwards, O best of men, your grief will be. Reflect upon that, whether you hear of them or your slain sons.)
O best of men, later you will experience grief. Reflect upon it, whether you hear about them or your slain sons.
येन खट्वां समारूढः परितप्येत कर्मणा। आदावेव न तत्कुर्यादध्रुवे जीविते सति ॥५-३९-२७॥
yena khaṭvāṃ samārūḍhaḥ paritapyeta karmaṇā। ādāveva na tatkuryādadhruve jīvite sati ॥5-39-27॥
[येन (yena) - by which; खट्वां (khaṭvāṃ) - bed; समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - mounted; परितप्येत (paritapyeta) - suffers; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; आदावेव (ādāveva) - in the beginning itself; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; अध्रुवे (adhruve) - uncertain; जीविते (jīvite) - life; सति (sati) - being;]
(By which one mounted on a bed suffers due to action, that should not be done in the beginning itself, as life is uncertain.)
One should not engage in actions that lead to suffering, especially when life is uncertain. It is wise to avoid such actions from the very beginning.
न कश्चिन्नापनयते पुमानन्यत्र भार्गवात्। शेषसम्प्रतिपत्तिस्तु बुद्धिमत्स्वेव तिष्ठति ॥५-३९-२८॥
na kaścin nāpanayate pumān anyatra bhārgavāt। śeṣasampratipattis tu buddhimatsv eva tiṣṭhati ॥5-39-28॥
[न (na) - not; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; नापनयते (nāpanayate) - removes; पुमान् (pumān) - man; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - except; भार्गवात् (bhārgavāt) - Bhārgava; शेषसम्प्रतिपत्तिः (śeṣasampratipattiḥ) - remaining understanding; तु (tu) - but; बुद्धिमत्सु (buddhimatsu) - among the wise; एव (eva) - indeed; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains;]
(No one removes except Bhārgava; the remaining understanding indeed remains among the wise.)
No one but Bhārgava can remove it; the remaining understanding stays with the wise.
दुर्योधनेन यद्येतत्पापं तेषु पुरा कृतम्। त्वया तत्कुलवृद्धेन प्रत्यानेयं नरेश्वर ॥५-३९-२९॥
duryodhanena yadyetat pāpaṃ teṣu purā kṛtam। tvayā tatkulavṛddhena pratyāneyaṃ nareśvara ॥5-39-29॥
[दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana; यद्येतत् (yadyetat) - if this; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; पुरा (purā) - formerly; कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; तत्कुलवृद्धेन (tatkulavṛddhena) - by the elder of that family; प्रत्यानेयम् (pratyāneyam) - to be countered; नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O lord of men;]
(If this sin was done by Duryodhana among them formerly, it is to be countered by you, O lord of men, the elder of that family.)
O lord of men, if this sin was committed by Duryodhana among them in the past, it is your duty as the elder of that family to counteract it.
तांस्त्वं पदे प्रतिष्ठाप्य लोके विगतकल्मषः। भविष्यसि नरश्रेष्ठ पूजनीयो मनीषिणाम् ॥५-३९-३०॥
tāṁstvaṁ pade pratiṣṭhāpya loke vigatakalmaṣaḥ। bhaviṣyasi naraśreṣṭha pūjanīyo manīṣiṇām ॥5-39-30॥
[ताम् (tām) - them; त्वम् (tvam) - you; पदे (pade) - in position; प्रतिष्ठाप्य (pratiṣṭhāpya) - establishing; लोके (loke) - in the world; विगतकल्मषः (vigatakalmaṣaḥ) - free from sin; भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men; पूजनीयः (pūjanīyaḥ) - worthy of worship; मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - by the wise;]
(Establishing them in position, you, free from sin, will become worthy of worship by the wise, O best of men.)
By establishing them in their positions, you will become free from sin and be revered by the wise, O best of men.
सुव्याहृतानि धीराणां फलतः प्रविचिन्त्य यः। अध्यवस्यति कार्येषु चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥५-३९-३१॥
suvyāhṛtāni dhīrāṇāṃ phalataḥ pravicintya yaḥ। adhyavasyati kāryeṣu ciraṃ yaśasi tiṣṭhati ॥5-39-31॥
[सुव्याहृतानि (suvyāhṛtāni) - well-spoken words; धीराणां (dhīrāṇāṃ) - of the wise; फलतः (phalataḥ) - from the result; प्रविचिन्त्य (pravicintya) - having considered; यः (yaḥ) - who; अध्यवस्यति (adhyavasyati) - decides; कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in actions; चिरं (ciraṃ) - for a long time; यशसि (yaśasi) - in fame; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains;]
(He who, having considered the well-spoken words of the wise from the result, decides in actions, remains in fame for a long time.)
He who thoughtfully considers the wise words and their outcomes, and then acts, remains renowned for a long time.
अवृत्तिं विनयो हन्ति हन्त्यनर्थं पराक्रमः। हन्ति नित्यं क्षमा क्रोधमाचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम् ॥५-३९-३२॥
avṛttiṃ vinayo hanti hantyanarthaṃ parākramaḥ। hanti nityaṃ kṣamā krodhamācāro hantyalakṣaṇam ॥5-39-32॥
[अवृत्तिं (avṛttiṃ) - lack of conduct; विनयः (vinayaḥ) - humility; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; अनर्थं (anarthaṃ) - calamity; पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; क्रोधं (krodham) - anger; आचारः (ācāraḥ) - conduct; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; अलक्षणम् (alakṣaṇam) - improper behavior;]
(Humility destroys lack of conduct, valor destroys calamity, forgiveness always destroys anger, conduct destroys improper behavior.)
"Humility eradicates lack of discipline, valor eliminates misfortune, forgiveness consistently quells anger, and proper conduct removes inappropriate behavior."
परिच्छदेन क्षेत्रेण वेश्मना परिचर्यया। परीक्षेत कुलं राजन्भोजनाच्छादनेन च ॥५-३९-३३॥
paricchadena kṣetreṇa veśmanā paricaryayā। parīkṣeta kulaṃ rājanbhojanācchādanena ca ॥5-39-33॥
[परिच्छदेन (paricchadena) - with a retinue; क्षेत्रेण (kṣetreṇa) - with land; वेश्मना (veśmanā) - with a house; परिचर्यया (paricaryayā) - with service; परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should examine; कुलं (kulaṃ) - family; राजन् (rājan) - O king; भोजनाच्छादनेन (bhojanācchādanena) - with food and clothing; च (ca) - and;]
(With a retinue, land, house, and service, O king, one should examine a family with food and clothing.)
O king, a family should be examined by its retinue, land, house, service, and provisions of food and clothing.
ययोश्चित्तेन वा चित्तं नैभृतं नैभृतेन वा। समेति प्रज्ञया प्रज्ञा तयोर्मैत्री न जीर्यते ॥५-३९-३४॥
yayościttena vā cittaṃ naibhṛtaṃ naibhṛtena vā। sameti prajñayā prajñā tayormaitrī na jīryate ॥5-39-34॥
[ययोः (yayoḥ) - of whom; चित्तेन (cittena) - by mind; वा (vā) - or; चित्तं (cittam) - mind; नैभृतं (naibhṛtam) - humility; नैभृतेन (naibhṛtena) - by humility; वा (vā) - or; समेति (sameti) - meets; प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom; प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - wisdom; तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them; मैत्री (maitrī) - friendship; न (na) - not; जीर्यते (jīryate) - decays;]
(The mind of whom, or by humility, or by wisdom, wisdom meets; the friendship of them does not decay.)
The friendship between those whose minds or humility or wisdom meet does not wither.
दुर्बुद्धिमकृतप्रज्ञं छन्नं कूपं तृणैरिव। विवर्जयीत मेधावी तस्मिन्मैत्री प्रणश्यति ॥५-३९-३५॥
durbuddhim akṛtaprajñaṃ channaṃ kūpaṃ tṛṇair iva। vivarjayīta medhāvī tasmin maitrī praṇaśyati ॥5-39-35॥
[दुर्बुद्धिम् (durbuddhim) - foolish person; अकृतप्रज्ञम् (akṛtaprajñam) - unwise; छन्नम् (channam) - covered; कूपम् (kūpam) - well; तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - with grass; इव (iva) - like; विवर्जयीत (vivarjayīta) - should avoid; मेधावी (medhāvī) - wise person; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; मैत्री (maitrī) - friendship; प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes;]
(A wise person should avoid a foolish and unwise person, like a well covered with grass; in that, friendship perishes.)
A wise person should avoid associating with a foolish and unwise individual, as friendship with such a person is like a well covered with grass, where the friendship eventually perishes.
अवलिप्तेषु मूर्खेषु रौद्रसाहसिकेषु च। तथैवापेतधर्मेषु न मैत्रीमाचरेद्बुधः ॥५-३९-३६॥
avalipteṣu mūrkheṣu raudrasāhasikeṣu ca। tathaivāpetadharmeṣu na maitrīmācaredbudhaḥ ॥5-39-36॥
[अवलिप्तेषु (avalipteṣu) - among the arrogant; मूर्खेषु (mūrkheṣu) - among the fools; रौद्रसाहसिकेषु (raudrasāhasikeṣu) - among the violent and daring; च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - similarly; अपेतधर्मेषु (apetadharmeṣu) - among those devoid of virtue; न (na) - not; मैत्रीम् (maitrīm) - friendship; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice; बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person;]
(A wise person should not practice friendship among the arrogant, the fools, the violent and daring, and similarly among those devoid of virtue.)
A wise person should avoid forming friendships with those who are arrogant, foolish, violent, daring, or lacking in virtue.
कृतज्ञं धार्मिकं सत्यमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिकम्। जितेन्द्रियं स्थितं स्थित्यां मित्रमत्यागि चेष्यते ॥५-३९-३७॥
kṛtajñaṃ dhārmikaṃ satyamakṣudraṃ dṛḍhabhaktikam। jitendriyaṃ sthitaṃ sthityāṃ mitramatyāgi ceṣyate ॥5-39-37॥
[कृतज्ञं (kṛtajñaṃ) - grateful; धार्मिकं (dhārmikaṃ) - righteous; सत्यम् (satyam) - truthful; अक्षुद्रं (akṣudraṃ) - noble; दृढभक्तिकम् (dṛḍhabhaktikam) - steadfast in devotion; जितेन्द्रियं (jitendriyaṃ) - one who has conquered the senses; स्थितं (sthitaṃ) - firm; स्थित्यां (sthityāṃ) - in position; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; अत्यागि (atyāgi) - non-renouncing; चेष्यते (ceṣyate) - is desired;]
(A grateful, righteous, truthful, noble, steadfast in devotion, one who has conquered the senses, firm in position, a friend, and non-renouncing is desired.)
A person who is grateful, righteous, truthful, noble, steadfast in devotion, has conquered the senses, is firm in their position, is a friend, and does not renounce is desired.
इन्द्रियाणामनुत्सर्गो मृत्युना न विशिष्यते। अत्यर्थं पुनरुत्सर्गः सादयेद्दैवतान्यपि ॥५-३९-३८॥
indriyāṇāmanutsargo mṛtyunā na viśiṣyate। atyarthaṃ punarutsargaḥ sādayeddaivatānyapi ॥5-39-38॥
[इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses; अनुत्सर्गः (anutsargaḥ) - non-abandonment; मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death; न (na) - not; विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished; अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; उत्सर्गः (utsargaḥ) - abandonment; सादयेत् (sādayet) - may bring down; दैवतानि (daivatāni) - the deities; अपि (api) - even;]
(The non-abandonment of the senses is not distinguished by death; excessive abandonment, however, may bring down even the deities.)
The restraint of the senses is not marked by death; however, excessive indulgence in restraint can even bring down the gods.
मार्दवं सर्वभूतानामनसूया क्षमा धृतिः। आयुष्याणि बुधाः प्राहुर्मित्राणां चाविमानना ॥५-३९-३९॥
mārdavaṃ sarvabhūtānāmanasūyā kṣamā dhṛtiḥ। āyuṣyāṇi budhāḥ prāhurmitrāṇāṃ cāvimānanā ॥5-39-39॥
[मार्दवं (mārdavaṃ) - gentleness; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; अनसूया (anasūyā) - non-envy; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude; आयुष्याणि (āyuṣyāṇi) - longevity; बुधाः (budhāḥ) - wise ones; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - declare; मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - of friends; च (ca) - and; अविमानना (avimānanā) - non-disrespect;]
(Gentleness, non-envy, forgiveness, and fortitude of all beings are declared by the wise ones as longevity and non-disrespect of friends.)
The wise declare that gentleness, non-envy, forgiveness, and fortitude towards all beings contribute to longevity and maintaining respect among friends.
अपनीतं सुनीतेन योऽर्थं प्रत्यानिनीषते। मतिमास्थाय सुदृढां तदकापुरुषव्रतम् ॥५-३९-४०॥
apanītaṃ sunītena yo'rthaṃ pratyāninīṣate। matimāsthāya sudṛḍhāṃ tadakāpuruṣavratam ॥5-39-40॥
[अपनीतं (apanītam) - taken away; सुनीतेन (sunītena) - by good policy; यः (yaḥ) - who; अर्थं (arthaṃ) - wealth; प्रत्यानिनीषते (pratyāninīṣate) - desires to recover; मतिम् (matim) - intellect; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having applied; सुदृढां (sudṛḍhāṃ) - firm; तत् (tad) - that; अकापुरुषव्रतम् (akāpuruṣavratam) - vow of a coward;]
(He who desires to recover the wealth taken away by good policy, having applied firm intellect, that is the vow of a coward.)
The one who, by applying firm intellect, desires to recover wealth taken away through good policy, follows the vow of a coward.
आयत्यां प्रतिकारज्ञस्तदात्वे दृढनिश्चयः। अतीते कार्यशेषज्ञो नरोऽर्थैर्न प्रहीयते ॥५-३९-४१॥
āyatyāṃ pratikārajñastadātve dṛḍhaniścayaḥ। atīte kāryaśeṣajño naro'rthairna prahīyate ॥5-39-41॥
[आयत्याम् (āyatyām) - in future; प्रतिकारज्ञः (pratikārajñaḥ) - knower of remedies; तदात्वे (tadātve) - at that time; दृढनिश्चयः (dṛḍhaniścayaḥ) - firm in resolve; अतीते (atīte) - in past; कार्यशेषज्ञः (kāryaśeṣajñaḥ) - knower of remaining tasks; नरः (naraḥ) - man; अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by means; न (na) - not; प्रहीयते (prahīyate) - is deprived;]
(In future, a man who knows remedies and is firm in resolve at that time, and who knows the remaining tasks in the past, is not deprived by means.)
A man who is aware of remedies for the future, firm in his decisions at the present, and knowledgeable about past tasks, does not suffer loss by means.
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा यदभीक्ष्णं निषेवते। तदेवापहरत्येनं तस्मात्कल्याणमाचरेत् ॥५-३९-४२॥
karmaṇā manasā vācā yadabhīkṣṇaṃ niṣevate। tadevāpaharat yenaṃ tasmātkalyāṇamācaret ॥5-39-42॥
[कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; वाचा (vācā) - by speech; यत् (yat) - which; अभीक्ष्णम् (abhīkṣṇam) - frequently; निषेवते (niṣevate) - engages; तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; अपहरति (apaharati) - takes away; एनम् (enam) - this; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - auspicious; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should perform;]
(By action, mind, and speech, that which one frequently engages in, that indeed takes away this; therefore, one should perform auspicious acts.)
Whatever one frequently engages in by action, mind, and speech, that indeed influences them; therefore, one should engage in auspicious activities.
मङ्गलालम्भनं योगः श्रुतमुत्थानमार्जवम्। भूतिमेतानि कुर्वन्ति सतां चाभीक्ष्णदर्शनम् ॥५-३९-४३॥
maṅgalālambhanaṃ yogaḥ śrutamutthānamārjavam। bhūtimetāni kurvanti satāṃ cābhīkṣṇadarśanam ॥5-39-43॥
[मङ्गलालम्भनं (maṅgalālambhanaṃ) - auspiciousness; योगः (yogaḥ) - union; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning; उत्थानम् (utthānam) - effort; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - honesty; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; एतानि (etāni) - these; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - create; सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous; च (ca) - and; अभीक्ष्णदर्शनम् (abhīkṣṇadarśanam) - frequent sight;]
(Union, learning, effort, and honesty create auspiciousness, prosperity, and frequent sight of the virtuous.)
Union, learning, effort, and honesty bring about auspiciousness and prosperity, and allow frequent interaction with virtuous people.
अनिर्वेदः श्रियो मूलं दुःखनाशे सुखस्य च। महान्भवत्यनिर्विण्णः सुखं चात्यन्तमश्नुते ॥५-३९-४४॥
anirvedaḥ śriyo mūlaṃ duḥkhanāśe sukhasya ca। mahānbhavatyanirviṇṇaḥ sukhaṃ cātyantamaśnute ॥5-39-44॥
[अनिर्वेदः (anirvedaḥ) - perseverance; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity; मूलं (mūlaṃ) - root; दुःखनाशे (duḥkhanāśe) - in the destruction of sorrow; सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness; च (ca) - and; महान् (mahān) - great; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अनिर्विण्णः (anirviṇṇaḥ) - undepressed; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; च (ca) - and; अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supreme; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(Perseverance is the root of prosperity, in the destruction of sorrow and in happiness; the undepressed becomes great and attains supreme happiness.)
Perseverance is the foundation of prosperity, leading to the end of sorrow and the attainment of happiness. The one who remains undepressed becomes great and achieves ultimate happiness.
नातः श्रीमत्तरं किञ्चिदन्यत्पथ्यतमं तथा। प्रभविष्णोर्यथा तात क्षमा सर्वत्र सर्वदा ॥५-३९-४५॥
nātaḥ śrīmattaraṃ kiñcidanyatpathyatamaṃ tathā। prabhaviṣṇoryathā tāta kṣamā sarvatra sarvadā ॥5-39-45॥
[न (na) - not; अतः (ataḥ) - than this; श्रीमत्तरं (śrīmattaraṃ) - more glorious; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; पथ्यतमं (pathyatamaṃ) - more beneficial; तथा (tathā) - so; प्रभविष्णोः (prabhaviṣṇoḥ) - of the powerful; यथा (yathā) - as; तात (tāta) - dear; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always;]
(There is nothing more glorious or more beneficial than this, O dear, as forgiveness of the powerful is everywhere and always.)
O dear, there is nothing more glorious or beneficial than this, as the forgiveness of the powerful is always and everywhere present.
क्षमेदशक्तः सर्वस्य शक्तिमान्धर्मकारणात्। अर्थानर्थौ समौ यस्य तस्य नित्यं क्षमा हिता ॥५-३९-४६॥
kṣamedaśaktaḥ sarvasya śaktimāndharmakāraṇāt। arthānarthau samau yasya tasya nityaṃ kṣamā hitā ॥5-39-46॥
[क्षमेत् (kṣamet) - should forgive; अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - the powerless; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; शक्तिमान् (śaktimān) - the powerful; धर्म (dharma) - duty; कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for the reason; अर्थ (artha) - wealth; अनर्थौ (anarthau) - and misfortune; समौ (samau) - equal; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; तस्य (tasya) - of him; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; हिता (hitā) - is beneficial;]
(The powerless should forgive everyone; the powerful, for the reason of duty. For whom wealth and misfortune are equal, for him, forgiveness is always beneficial.)
The powerless should forgive everyone, while the powerful should do so out of duty. For one who sees wealth and misfortune as equal, forgiveness is always beneficial.
यत्सुखं सेवमानोऽपि धर्मार्थाभ्यां न हीयते। कामं तदुपसेवेत न मूढव्रतमाचरेत् ॥५-३९-४७॥
yatsukhaṃ sevamāno'pi dharmārthābhyāṃ na hīyate। kāmaṃ tadupaseveta na mūḍhavratamācaret ॥5-39-47॥
[यत् (yat) - which; सुखं (sukham) - happiness; सेवमानः (sevamānaḥ) - enjoying; अपि (api) - even; धर्मार्थाभ्यां (dharmārthābhyām) - from dharma and artha; न (na) - not; हीयते (hīyate) - diminishes; कामं (kāmam) - desire; तत् (tat) - that; उपसेवेत (upaseveta) - should pursue; न (na) - not; मूढव्रतम् (mūḍhavratam) - foolish vow; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should undertake;]
(One should pursue that desire which, even while enjoying happiness, does not diminish dharma and artha; one should not undertake a foolish vow.)
One should pursue desires that do not compromise righteousness and wealth, even while enjoying them; avoid undertaking foolish vows.
दुःखार्तेषु प्रमत्तेषु नास्तिकेष्वलसेषु च। न श्रीर्वसत्यदान्तेषु ये चोत्साहविवर्जिताः ॥५-३९-४८॥
duḥkhārteṣu pramatteṣu nāstikeṣvalaseṣu ca। na śrīrvasatyadānteṣu ye cotsāhavivarjitāḥ ॥5-39-48॥
[दुःखार्तेषु (duḥkhārteṣu) - in those afflicted by sorrow; प्रमत्तेषु (pramatteṣu) - in those who are careless; नास्तिकेषु (nāstikeṣu) - in those who are atheists; अलसेषु (alaseṣu) - in those who are lazy; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; वसति (vasati) - dwells; अदान्तेषु (adānteṣu) - in those who are undisciplined; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; उत्साहविवर्जिताः (utsāhavivarjitāḥ) - devoid of enthusiasm;]
(Prosperity does not dwell in those afflicted by sorrow, in those who are careless, in those who are atheists, in those who are lazy, and in those who are undisciplined and devoid of enthusiasm.)
Prosperity does not reside in people who are sorrowful, careless, atheistic, lazy, undisciplined, or lacking in enthusiasm.
आर्जवेन नरं युक्तमार्जवात्सव्यपत्रपम्। अशक्तिमन्तं मन्यन्तो धर्षयन्ति कुबुद्धयः ॥५-३९-४९॥
ārjavena naraṃ yuktam ārjavāt savyapatrapam। aśaktimantaṃ manyanto dharṣayanti kubuddhayaḥ ॥5-39-49॥
[आर्जवेन (ārjavena) - with honesty; नरं (naraṃ) - man; युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed; आर्जवात् (ārjavāt) - from honesty; सव्यपत्रपम् (savyapatrapam) - with modesty; अशक्तिमन्तम् (aśaktimantam) - powerless; मन्यन्तः (manyantaḥ) - considering; धर्षयन्ति (dharṣayanti) - oppress; कुबुद्धयः (kubuddhayaḥ) - evil-minded;]
(With honesty, a man endowed with honesty and modesty, considering him powerless, the evil-minded oppress.)
The evil-minded oppress a man who is endowed with honesty and modesty, considering him to be powerless.
अत्यार्यमतिदातारमतिशूरमतिव्रतम्। प्रज्ञाभिमानिनं चैव श्रीर्भयान्नोपसर्पति ॥५-३९-५०॥
atyāryamatidātāramatiśūramativratam। prajñābhimāninaṃ caiva śrīrbhayānnopasarpati ॥5-39-50॥
[अत्यार्यम् (atyāryam) - very noble; अतिदातारम् (atidātāram) - very generous; अतिशूरम् (atiśūram) - very brave; अतिव्रतम् (ativratam) - very disciplined; प्रज्ञाभिमानिनम् (prajñābhimāninaṃ) - proud of wisdom; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - fortune; भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear; न (na) - not; उपसर्पति (upasarpati) - approaches;]
(Fortune does not approach one who is very noble, very generous, very brave, very disciplined, and proud of wisdom, out of fear.)
Fortune, out of fear, does not approach a person who is exceedingly noble, generous, brave, disciplined, and proud of their wisdom.
अग्निहोत्रफला वेदाः शीलवृत्तफलं श्रुतम्। रतिपुत्रफला दारा दत्तभुक्तफलं धनम् ॥५-३९-५१॥
agnihotraphalā vedāḥ śīlavṛttaphalaṃ śrutam। ratiputraphalā dārā dattabhuktaphalaṃ dhanam ॥5-39-51॥
[अग्निहोत्रफला (agnihotraphalā) - result of fire sacrifice; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; शीलवृत्तफलं (śīlavṛttaphalaṃ) - result of conduct and character; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard; रतिपुत्रफला (ratiputraphalā) - result of conjugal union; दारा (dārā) - wives; दत्तभुक्तफलं (dattabhuktaphalaṃ) - result of given and consumed; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth;]
(The Vedas are the result of fire sacrifice; conduct and character are the result of what is heard; wives are the result of conjugal union; wealth is the result of what is given and consumed.)
The Vedas yield results through fire sacrifices; good conduct and character are shaped by what is learned; wives are the outcome of marital union; wealth comes from what is given and consumed.
अधर्मोपार्जितैरर्थैर्यः करोत्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम्। न स तस्य फलं प्रेत्य भुङ्क्तेऽर्थस्य दुरागमात् ॥५-३९-५२॥
adharmopārjitairarthairyaḥ karotyaurdhvadehikam। na sa tasya phalaṃ pretya bhuṅkte'rthasya durāgamāt ॥5-39-52॥
[अधर्मोपार्जितैः (adharmopārjitaiḥ) - acquired through unrighteousness; अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - with wealth; यः (yaḥ) - who; करोति (karoti) - performs; और्ध्वदेहिकम् (aurdhvadehikam) - funeral rites; न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - he; तस्य (tasya) - its; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of wealth; दुरागमात् (durāgamāt) - due to evil acquisition;]
(He who performs funeral rites with wealth acquired through unrighteousness does not enjoy its fruit after death due to evil acquisition of wealth.)
One who conducts funeral rites using wealth gained through unjust means will not reap its benefits after death, as the wealth was obtained through wrongful acquisition.
कान्तारवनदुर्गेषु कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु सम्भ्रमे। उद्यतेषु च शस्त्रेषु नास्ति शेषवतां भयम् ॥५-३९-५३॥
kāntāravanadurgeṣu kṛcchrāsvāpatsu sambhrame। udyateṣu ca śastreṣu nāsti śeṣavatāṃ bhayam ॥5-39-53॥
[कान्तार (kāntāra) - forest; वन (vana) - woods; दुर्गेषु (durgeṣu) - in fortresses; कृच्छ्रासु (kṛcchrāsu) - in difficulties; आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities; सम्भ्रमे (sambhrame) - in confusion; उद्यतेषु (udyateṣu) - when raised; च (ca) - and; शस्त्रेषु (śastreṣu) - weapons; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is no; शेषवतां (śeṣavatāṃ) - for those remaining; भयम् (bhayam) - fear;]
(In forests, woods, fortresses, in difficulties, calamities, confusion, when weapons are raised, there is no fear for those remaining.)
In the dense forests, amidst the woods and fortresses, during severe difficulties and calamities, and even when weapons are raised, those who remain have no fear.
उत्थानं संयमो दाक्ष्यमप्रमादो धृतिः स्मृतिः। समीक्ष्य च समारम्भो विद्धि मूलं भवस्य तत् ॥५-३९-५४॥
utthānaṁ saṁyamo dākṣyamapramādo dhṛtiḥ smṛtiḥ। samīkṣya ca samārambho viddhi mūlaṁ bhavasya tat ॥5-39-54॥
[उत्थानं (utthānam) - effort; संयमः (saṁyamaḥ) - restraint; दाक्ष्यम् (dākṣyam) - skill; अप्रमादः (apramādaḥ) - vigilance; धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness; स्मृतिः (smṛtiḥ) - memory; समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having examined; च (ca) - and; समारम्भः (samārambhaḥ) - undertaking; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; भवस्य (bhavasya) - of existence; तत् (tat) - that;]
(Effort, restraint, skill, vigilance, steadfastness, memory; having examined and undertaking, know that as the root of existence.)
Effort, restraint, skill, vigilance, steadfastness, and memory are essential. Examine and undertake actions with these qualities, for they are the root of existence.
तपो बलं तापसानां ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदां बलम्। हिंसा बलमसाधूनां क्षमा गुणवतां बलम् ॥५-३९-५५॥
tapo balaṃ tāpasānāṃ brahma brahmavidāṃ balam। hiṃsā balamasādhūnāṃ kṣamā guṇavatāṃ balam ॥5-39-55॥
[तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; बलं (balaṃ) - strength; तापसानां (tāpasānāṃ) - of ascetics; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; ब्रह्मविदां (brahmavidāṃ) - of knowers of Brahman; बलम् (balam) - strength; हिंसा (hiṃsā) - violence; बलम् (balam) - strength; असाधूनां (asādhūnāṃ) - of the wicked; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; गुणवतां (guṇavatāṃ) - of the virtuous; बलम् (balam) - strength;]
(Austerity is the strength of ascetics; Brahman is the strength of knowers of Brahman. Violence is the strength of the wicked; forgiveness is the strength of the virtuous.)
For ascetics, austerity is their strength; for those who know Brahman, it is Brahman itself that is their strength. The wicked find strength in violence, while the virtuous find it in forgiveness.
अष्टौ तान्यव्रतघ्नानि आपो मूलं फलं पयः। हविर्ब्राह्मणकाम्या च गुरोर्वचनमौषधम् ॥५-३९-५६॥
aṣṭau tānyavrataghnāni āpo mūlaṃ phalaṃ payaḥ। havirbrāhmaṇakāmyā ca gurorvacanamauṣadham ॥5-39-56॥
[अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight; तानि (tāni) - those; अव्रतघ्नानि (avrataghnāni) - non-vow-breaking; आपः (āpaḥ) - water; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; पयः (payaḥ) - milk; हविः (haviḥ) - offering; ब्राह्मणकाम्या (brāhmaṇakāmyā) - desired by Brahmins; च (ca) - and; गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; वचनम् (vacanam) - word; औषधम् (auṣadham) - medicine;]
(Eight are those non-vow-breaking: water, root, fruit, milk, offering, desired by Brahmins, and the word of the teacher, medicine.)
There are eight things that do not break vows: water, roots, fruits, milk, offerings, what is desired by Brahmins, the words of a teacher, and medicine.
न तत्परस्य संदध्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः। सङ्ग्रहेणैष धर्मः स्यात्कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥५-३९-५७॥
na tatparasya saṁdadhyātpratikūlaṁ yadātmanaḥ। saṅgraheṇaiṣa dharmaḥ syātkāmādanyaḥ pravartate ॥5-39-57॥
[न (na) - not; तत्परस्य (tatparasya) - of that person; संदध्यात् (saṁdadhyāt) - should intend; प्रतिकूलं (pratikūlaṁ) - against; यत् (yat) - which; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; सङ्ग्रहेण (saṅgraheṇa) - in brief; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - acts.;]
(One should not intend anything against another that is against oneself. In brief, this is duty; other acts arise from desire.)
One should not do to others what is undesirable to oneself. In summary, this is the essence of duty; other actions are driven by desire.
अक्रोधेन जयेत्क्रोधमसाधुं साधुना जयेत्। जयेत्कदर्यं दानेन जयेत्सत्येन चानृतम् ॥५-३९-५८॥
akrodhena jayetkrodhamasādhuṃ sādhunā jayet। jayetkadaryaṃ dānena jayetsatyena cānṛtam ॥5-39-58॥
[अक्रोधेन (akrodhena) - with non-anger; जयेत् (jayet) - one should conquer; क्रोधम् (krodham) - anger; असाधुं (asādhuṃ) - the wicked; साधुना (sādhu) - with the good; जयेत् (jayet) - one should conquer; जयेत् (jayet) - one should conquer; कदर्यं (kadaryaṃ) - the miser; दानेन (dānena) - with generosity; जयेत् (jayet) - one should conquer; सत्येन (satyena) - with truth; च (ca) - and; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood;]
(With non-anger, one should conquer anger; with the good, one should conquer the wicked; with generosity, one should conquer the miser; with truth, one should conquer falsehood.)
One should conquer anger with non-anger, the wicked with the good, the miser with generosity, and falsehood with truth.
स्त्रीधूर्तकेऽलसे भीरौ चण्डे पुरुषमानिनि। चौरे कृतघ्ने विश्वासो न कार्यो न च नास्तिके ॥५-३९-५९॥
strīdhūrtake'lasē bhīrau caṇḍē puruṣamānini। caurē kṛtaghnē viśvāsō na kāryō na ca nāstikē ॥5-39-59॥
[स्त्री (strī) - woman; धूर्तके (dhūrtake) - rogue; अलसे (alasē) - lazy; भीरौ (bhīrau) - coward; चण्डे (caṇḍē) - fierce; पुरुषमानिनि (puruṣamānini) - arrogant man; चौरे (caurē) - thief; कृतघ्ने (kṛtaghnē) - ungrateful; विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust; न (na) - not; कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be placed; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; नास्तिके (nāstikē) - atheist;]
(Trust should not be placed in a woman, rogue, lazy person, coward, fierce person, arrogant man, thief, ungrateful person, and atheist.)
One should not trust women, rogues, lazy people, cowards, fierce individuals, arrogant men, thieves, the ungrateful, and atheists.
अभिवादनशीलस्य नित्यं वृद्धोपसेविनः। चत्वारि सम्प्रवर्धन्ते कीर्तिरायुर्यशोबलम् ॥५-३९-६०॥
abhivādaṇaśīlasya nityaṃ vṛddhopasevinaḥ। catvāri sampravardhante kīrtirāyuryaśobalam ॥5-39-60॥
[अभिवादनशीलस्य (abhivādaṇaśīlasya) - of one who is respectful; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; वृद्धोपसेविनः (vṛddhopasevinaḥ) - serving the elders; चत्वारि (catvāri) - four; सम्प्रवर्धन्ते (sampravardhante) - increase; कीर्तिः (kīrtiḥ) - fame; आयुः (āyuḥ) - life; यशः (yaśaḥ) - reputation; बलम् (balam) - strength;]
(For one who is respectful and always serves the elders, four things increase: fame, life, reputation, and strength.)
"One who is respectful and consistently serves the elders will see an increase in four aspects: fame, longevity, reputation, and strength."
अतिक्लेशेन येऽर्थाः स्युर्धर्मस्यातिक्रमेण च। अरेर्वा प्रणिपातेन मा स्म तेषु मनः कृथाः ॥५-३९-६१॥
atikleśena ye'rthāḥ syurdharmasyātikrameṇa ca। arervā praṇipātena mā sma teṣu manaḥ kṛthāḥ ॥5-39-61॥
[अतिक्लेशेन (atikleśena) - with great difficulty; ये (ye) - which; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth; स्युः (syuḥ) - may be; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness; अतिक्रमेण (atikrameṇa) - by transgression; च (ca) - and; अरेः (areḥ) - of enemy; वा (vā) - or; प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by bowing down; मा (mā) - do not; स्म (sma) - indeed; तेषु (teṣu) - in them; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - engage;]
(Do not engage your mind in the wealth which may be obtained with great difficulty, by transgression of righteousness, or by bowing down to an enemy.)
Avoid engaging your mind in wealth acquired through great difficulty, unrighteous means, or submission to foes.
अविद्यः पुरुषः शोच्यः शोच्यं मिथुनमप्रजम्। निराहाराः प्रजाः शोच्याः शोच्यं राष्ट्रमराजकम् ॥५-३९-६२॥
avidyaḥ puruṣaḥ śocyaḥ śocyaṃ mithunamaprajam। nirāhārāḥ prajāḥ śocyāḥ śocyaṃ rāṣṭramarājakam ॥5-39-62॥
[अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - ignorant; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; शोच्यः (śocyaḥ) - lamentable; शोच्यं (śocyaṃ) - lamentable; मिथुनम् (mithunam) - couple; अप्रजम् (aprajam) - without progeny; निराहाराः (nirāhārāḥ) - without sustenance; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; शोच्याः (śocyāḥ) - lamentable; शोच्यं (śocyaṃ) - lamentable; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; अराजकम् (arājakam) - without a king;]
(An ignorant man is lamentable, a lamentable couple is without progeny. Subjects without sustenance are lamentable, a lamentable kingdom is without a king.)
An ignorant man is pitiable, and so is a childless couple. Subjects without food are to be pitied, as is a kingdom without a ruler.
अध्वा जरा देहवतां पर्वतानां जलं जरा। असम्भोगो जरा स्त्रीणां वाक्षल्यं मनसो जरा ॥५-३९-६३॥
adhvā jarā dehavatāṃ parvatānāṃ jalaṃ jarā। asambhogo jarā strīṇāṃ vākṣalyaṃ manaso jarā ॥5-39-63॥
[अध्वा (adhvā) - path; जरा (jarā) - decay; देहवतां (dehavatāṃ) - of bodies; पर्वतानां (parvatānāṃ) - of mountains; जलं (jalaṃ) - water; जरा (jarā) - decay; असम्भोगः (asambhogaḥ) - non-enjoyment; जरा (jarā) - decay; स्त्रीणां (strīṇāṃ) - of women; वाक्षल्यं (vākṣalyaṃ) - harshness; मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind; जरा (jarā) - decay;]
(The path is the decay of bodies, water is the decay of mountains. Non-enjoyment is the decay of women, harshness is the decay of the mind.)
The path leads to the aging of bodies, water erodes mountains. Lack of enjoyment ages women, and harshness ages the mind.
अनाम्नायमला वेदा ब्राह्मणस्याव्रतं मलम्। कौतूहलमला साध्वी विप्रवासमलाः स्त्रियः ॥५-३९-६४॥
anāmnāyamālā vedā brāhmaṇasyāvrataṃ malam। kautūhalamālā sādhvī vipravāsamalāḥ striyaḥ ॥5-39-64॥
[अनाम्नायमला (anāmnāyamālā) - without traditional recitation - impure; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin; अव्रतम् (avratam) - without observance - impure; मलम् (malam) - impurity; कौतूहलमला (kautūhalamālā) - curiosity - impure; साध्वी (sādhvī) - a virtuous woman; विप्रवासमलाः (vipravāsamalāḥ) - absence of husband - impure; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women;]
(The Vedas are impure without traditional recitation; a Brahmin is impure without observance; curiosity makes a virtuous woman impure; absence of husband makes women impure.)
The Vedas lose their sanctity without traditional recitation; a Brahmin without observing rituals is considered impure; curiosity taints a virtuous woman; women are considered impure in the absence of their husbands.
सुवर्णस्य मलं रूप्यं रूप्यस्यापि मलं त्रपु। ज्ञेयं त्रपुमलं सीसं सीसस्यापि मलं मलम् ॥५-३९-६५॥
suvarṇasya malaṃ rūpyaṃ rūpyasyāpi malaṃ trapu। jñeyaṃ trapumalaṃ sīsaṃ sīsasyāpi malaṃ malam ॥5-39-65॥
[सुवर्णस्य (suvarṇasya) - of gold; मलं (malaṃ) - impurity; रूप्यं (rūpyaṃ) - silver; रूप्यस्यापि (rūpyasyāpi) - of silver also; मलं (malaṃ) - impurity; त्रपु (trapu) - tin; ज्ञेयं (jñeyaṃ) - to be known; त्रपुमलं (trapumalaṃ) - impurity of tin; सीसं (sīsaṃ) - lead; सीसस्यापि (sīsasyāpi) - of lead also; मलं (malaṃ) - impurity; मलम् (malam) - impurity;]
(The impurity of gold is silver, the impurity of silver is tin; the impurity of tin is lead, and the impurity of lead is indeed impurity.)
The impurities of metals are sequentially described: gold's impurity is silver, silver's impurity is tin, tin's impurity is lead, and ultimately, the impurity of lead is just impurity itself.
न स्वप्नेन जयेन्निद्रां न कामेन स्त्रियं जयेत्। नेन्धनेन जयेदग्निं न पानेन सुरां जयेत् ॥५-३९-६६॥
na svapnena jayennidrāṃ na kāmena striyaṃ jayet। nendhanena jayedagniṃ na pānena surāṃ jayet ॥5-39-66॥
[न (na) - not; स्वप्नेन (svapnena) - by sleep; जयेत् (jayet) - conquer; निद्रां (nidrāṃ) - sleep; न (na) - not; कामेन (kāmena) - by desire; स्त्रियं (striyaṃ) - woman; जयेत् (jayet) - conquer; न (na) - not; इन्धनेन (indhanena) - by fuel; जयेत् (jayet) - conquer; अग्निं (agniṃ) - fire; न (na) - not; पानेन (pānena) - by drinking; सुरां (surāṃ) - liquor; जयेत् (jayet) - conquer;]
(One should not conquer sleep by sleep, nor a woman by desire. One should not conquer fire by fuel, nor liquor by drinking.)
One cannot overcome sleep by sleeping, nor a woman by desiring her. Similarly, one cannot extinguish fire by adding fuel, nor overcome intoxication by drinking more.
यस्य दानजितं मित्रममित्रा युधि निर्जिताः। अन्नपानजिता दाराः सफलं तस्य जीवितम् ॥५-३९-६७॥
yasya dānajitaṁ mitramamitrā yudhi nirjitāḥ। annapānajitā dārāḥ saphalaṁ tasya jīvitam ॥5-39-67॥
[यस्य (yasya) - whose; दानजितं (dānajitaṁ) - won by generosity; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies; युधि (yudhi) - in battle; निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - conquered; अन्नपानजिता (annapānajitā) - won by food and drink; दाराः (dārāḥ) - wife; सफलं (saphalaṁ) - successful; तस्य (tasya) - his; जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life;]
(Whose friend is won by generosity, enemies are conquered in battle, wife is won by food and drink; his life is successful.)
A person whose friend is won by generosity, who conquers enemies in battle, and whose wife is pleased by food and drink, leads a successful life.
सहस्रिणोऽपि जीवन्ति जीवन्ति शतिनस्तथा। धृतराष्ट्रं विमुञ्चेच्छां न कथञ्चिन्न जीव्यते ॥५-३९-६८॥
sahasriṇo'pi jīvanti jīvanti śatinastathā। dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ vimuñcecchāṃ na kathaṃcinna jīvyate ॥5-39-68॥
[सहस्रिणः (sahasriṇaḥ) - thousands; अपि (api) - even; जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - live; जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - live; शतिनः (śatinaḥ) - hundreds; तथा (tathā) - also; धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra; विमुञ्च (vimuñca) - release; इच्छाम् (icchām) - desire; न (na) - not; कथञ्चित् (kathaṃcit) - in any way; न (na) - not; जीव्यते (jīvyate) - live.;]
(Thousands live, hundreds also live. Release the desire for Dhritarashtra, not in any way can one live.)
Thousands and hundreds live, but one cannot truly live if they do not release their attachment to Dhritarashtra.
यत्पृथिव्यां व्रीहियवं हिरण्यं पशवः स्त्रियः। नालमेकस्य तत्सर्वमिति पश्यन्न मुह्यति ॥५-३९-६९॥
yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ। nālamekasya tatsarvamiti paśyanna muhyati ॥5-39-69॥
[यत् (yat) - whatever; पृथिव्यां (pṛthivyāṃ) - on earth; व्रीहियवं (vrīhiyavaṃ) - rice and barley; हिरण्यं (hiraṇyaṃ) - gold; पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; न (na) - not; अलम् (alam) - enough; एकस्य (ekasya) - for one person; तत् (tat) - that; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; इति (iti) - thus; पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing; न (na) - not; मुह्यति (muhyati) - is deluded;]
(Whatever rice, barley, gold, animals, and women are on earth, seeing that all this is not enough for one person, he is not deluded.)
He who sees that all the wealth, grains, gold, animals, and women on earth are not sufficient for one person, does not become deluded.
राजन्भूयो ब्रवीमि त्वां पुत्रेषु सममाचर। समता यदि ते राजन्स्वेषु पाण्डुसुतेषु च ॥५-३९-७०॥
rājanbhūyo bravīmi tvāṃ putreṣu samamācara। samatā yadi te rājansveṣu pāṇḍusutēṣu ca ॥5-39-70॥
[राजन् (rājan) - O king; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I say; त्वाम् (tvām) - to you; पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among sons; समम् (samam) - equally; आचर (ācara) - conduct; समता (samatā) - equality; यदि (yadi) - if; ते (te) - your; राजन् (rājan) - O king; स्वेषु (sveṣu) - among your own; पाण्डुसुतेषु (pāṇḍusutēṣu) - among the sons of Pandu; च (ca) - and;]
(O king, again I say to you, conduct yourself equally among sons. If equality is yours, O king, among your own and among the sons of Pandu.)
O king, I repeat, treat all your sons equally. If you possess equality, O king, it should be among your own and the sons of Pandu.
