05.107

सुपर्ण उवाच॥

suparṇa uvāca॥

[सुपर्ण (suparṇa) - Suparṇa; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

Suparṇa said:

इयं विवस्वता पूर्वं श्रौतेन विधिना किल। गुरवे दक्षिणा दत्ता दक्षिणेत्युच्यतेऽथ दिक् ॥५-१०७-१॥

iyaṁ vivasvatā pūrvaṁ śrautēna vidhinā kila। guravē dakṣiṇā dattā dakṣiṇētyucyatē’tha dik ॥5-107-1॥

[इयम् (iyam) - this (direction); विवस्वता (vivasvatā) - by Vivasvat; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; श्रौतेन विधिना (śrautēna vidhinā) - with the ritual prescription; किल (kila) - indeed; गुरवे (guravē) - to the teacher; दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - dakṣinā (honorarium); दत्ता (dattā) - was given; दक्षिणा इति (dakṣiṇā iti) - dakṣiṇā (so called as the south); उच्यते (ucyatē) - is called; अथ (atha) - therefore; दिक् (dik) - direction;]

This direction, it is said, was formerly offered by Vivasvat as a gift to his teacher, according to the ritual prescription; therefore, it is called the dakṣiṇā, or southern, direction. (5-107-1)

अत्र लोकत्रयस्यास्य पितृपक्षः प्रतिष्ठितः। अत्रोष्मपानां देवानां निवासः श्रूयते द्विज ॥५-१०७-२॥

atra lōkatrayasyāsya pitr̥pakṣaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ। atrōṣmapānāṁ dēvānāṁ nivāsaḥ śrūyatē dvija ॥5-107-2॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; लोकत्रयस्य (lōkatrayasya) - of the three worlds; अस्य (asya) - of this; पितृपक्षः (pitr̥pakṣaḥ) - paternal side of relatives; प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - is established; अत्र (atra) - here; उष्मपानां (uṣmapānāṁ) - of the Ushmapa deities; देवानां (dēvānāṁ) - of the gods; निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - the abode; श्रूयते (śrūyatē) - is said; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born;]

Here is established the paternal side of the three worlds, and here, O twice-born, is said to be the abode of the Ushmapa gods. (5-107-2)

अत्र विश्वे सदा देवाः पितृभिः सार्धमासते। इज्यमानाः स्म लोकेषु सम्प्राप्तास्तुल्यभागताम् ॥५-१०७-३॥

atra viśvē sadā dēvāḥ pitr̥bhiḥ sārdhamāsatē। ijyamānāḥ sma lōkēṣu samprāptāstulyabhāgatām ॥5-107-3॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; विश्वे (viśvē) - all; सदा (sadā) - always; देवाः (dēvāḥ) - gods; पितृभिः (pitr̥bhiḥ) - with the ancestors; सार्धम् (sārdham) - together; आसते (āsatē) - dwell; इज्यमानाः (ijyamānāḥ) - when worshipped; स्म (sma) - indeed; लोकेषु (lōkēṣu) - in the worlds; सम्प्राप्ताः (samprāptāḥ) - having attained; तुल्यभागताम् (tulyabhāgatām) - equal share;]

Here, the universal gods always dwell together with the ancestors; when worshipped in the worlds, they obtain an equal share. (5-107-3)

एतद्द्वितीयं धर्मस्य द्वारमाचक्षते द्विज। त्रुटिशो लवशश्चात्र गण्यते कालनिश्चयः ॥५-१०७-४॥

ētaddvitīyaṁ dharmasya dvāramācakṣatē dvija। truṭiśō lavaśaścātra gaṇyatē kālaniścayaḥ ॥5-107-4॥

[एतत् द्वितीयम् (ētat dvitīyam) - this is the second; धर्मस्य द्वारम् (dharmasya dvāram) - gateway of dharma; आचक्षते (ācakṣatē) - is said to be; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born; त्रुटिशः लवशः च अत्र (truṭiśaḥ lavaśaḥ ca atra) - here, even fractions as small as truṭis and lava units; गण्यते (gaṇyatē) - are counted; काल-निश्चयः (kāla-niścayaḥ) - (in) reckoning time;]

O twice-born, this is called the second gateway of dharma; here, even the tiniest units and fractions of time are counted in the reckoning of time. (5-107-4)

अत्र देवर्षयो नित्यं पितृलोकर्षयस्तथा। तथा राजर्षयः सर्वे निवसन्ति गतव्यथाः ॥५-१०७-५॥

atra dēvarṣayō nityaṁ pitr̥lōkarṣayastathā। tathā rājarṣayaḥ sarvē nivasanti gatavyathāḥ ॥5-107-5॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; देवर्षयः (dēvarṣayaḥ) - divine seers; नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always; पितृलोकर्षयः (pitr̥lōkarṣayaḥ) - the seers of the realm of the ancestors; तथा (tathā) - also; तथा (tathā) - likewise; राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal seers; सर्वे (sarvē) - all; निवसन्ति (nivasanti) - reside; गतव्यथाः (gatavyathāḥ) - free from suffering;]

Here divine seers, the seers of the realm of the ancestors, and likewise all royal seers dwell, free from suffering. (5-107-5)

अत्र धर्मश्च सत्यं च कर्म चात्र निशाम्यते। गतिरेषा द्विजश्रेष्ठ कर्मणात्मावसादिनः ॥५-१०७-६॥

atra dharmaśca satyaṁ ca karma cātra niśāmyatē। gatirēṣā dvijaśrēṣṭha karmaṇātmāvasādinaḥ ॥5-107-6॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth; च (ca) - and; कर्म (karma) - action; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; निशाम्यते (niśāmyatē) - is observed; गतिः (gatiḥ) - the path; एषा (ēṣā) - this; द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśrēṣṭha) - best of twice-born; कर्मण (karmaṇa) - for one whose actions; आत्मा (ātmā) - the self; अवसादिनः (avasādinaḥ) - depressed;]

Here, righteousness, truth, and action are observed; this is the path, O best of twice-born, for one whose spirit is weighed down by deeds. (5-107-6)

एषा दिक्सा द्विजश्रेष्ठ यां सर्वः प्रतिपद्यते। वृता त्वनवबोधेन सुखं तेन न गम्यते ॥५-१०७-७॥

ēṣā diksā dvijaśrēṣṭha yāṁ sarvaḥ pratipadyatē। vr̥tā tvanavabōdhēna sukhaṁ tēna na gamyatē ॥5-107-7॥

[एषा (ēṣā) - this; दिक् (dik) - path; सा (sā) - indeed; द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśrēṣṭha) - best of twice-born; याम् (yām) - which; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - everyone; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyatē) - follows; वृता (vr̥tā) - having taken up; तु (tu) - but; अनवबोधेन (anavabōdhēna) - through ignorance; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; तेन (tēna) - by it; न (na) - not; गम्यते (gamyatē) - is attained;]

This is the path, O best of the twice-born, that everyone follows; but undertaken in ignorance, happiness is not gained by it. (5-107-7)

नैरृतानां सहस्राणि बहून्यत्र द्विजर्षभ। सृष्टानि प्रतिकूलानि द्रष्टव्यान्यकृतात्मभिः ॥५-१०७-८॥

nairr̥tānāṁ sahasrāṇi bahūnyatra dvijarṣabha। sr̥ṣṭāni pratikūlāni draṣṭavyānyakr̥tātmabhiḥ ॥5-107-8॥

[नैरृतानाम् (nairr̥tānām) - of spirits of destruction; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; बहूनि (bahūni) - many; अत्र (atra) - here; द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best of twice-born; सृष्टानि (sr̥ṣṭāni) - have been created; प्रतिकूलानि (pratikūlāni) - hostile; द्रष्टव्यानि (draṣṭavyāni) - to be seen; अकृतात्मभिः (akr̥tātmabhiḥ) - by those who lack self-control;]

O best of twice-born, here thousands of spirits of destruction, many hostile ones, have been created—these are witnessed by those who lack self-control. (5-107-8)

अत्र मन्दरकुञ्जेषु विप्रर्षिसदनेषु च। गन्धर्वा गान्ति गाथा वै चित्तबुद्धिहरा द्विज ॥५-१०७-९॥

atra mandarakuñjēṣu viprarṣisadanēṣu ca। gandharvā gānti gāthā vai cittabuddhiharā dvija ॥5-107-9॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; मन्दरकुञ्जेषु (mandarakuñjēṣu) - in the groves of Mandara; विप्रर्षिसदनेषु (viprarṣisadanēṣu) - in the dwellings of the Brahmin sages; च (ca) - and; गन्धर्वा (gandharvā) - the Gandharvas; गान्ति (gānti) - sing; गाथा (gāthā) - songs; वै (vai) - indeed; चित्तबुद्धिहरा (cittabuddhiharā) - captivating the mind and understanding; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born;]

Here, O twice-born, in the Mandara groves and in the dwellings of Brahmin sages, the Gandharvas sing songs that enchant the mind and the intellect. (5-107-9)

अत्र सामानि गाथाभिः श्रुत्वा गीतानि रैवतः। गतदारो गतामात्यो गतराज्यो वनं गतः ॥५-१०७-१०॥

atra sāmāni gāthābhiḥ śrutvā gītāni raivataḥ। gatadārō gatāmātyō gatarājyō vanaṁ gataḥ ॥5-107-10॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; सामानि गाथाभिः (sāmāni gāthābhiḥ) - with verses from the Sāmans; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having listened; गीतानि (gītāni) - songs; रैवतः (raivataḥ) - Raivata; गतदारः (gatadāraḥ) - having abandoned his wife; गतामात्यः (gatāmātyaḥ) - having abandoned his ministers; गतराज्यः (gatarājyaḥ) - having abandoned his kingdom; वनं गतः (vanaṁ gataḥ) - went to the forest;]

Here, after listening to the Sāman songs sung in verses, Raivata, having left his wife, ministers, and kingdom, went to the forest. (5-107-10)

अत्र सावर्णिना चैव यवक्रीतात्मजेन च। मर्यादा स्थापिता ब्रह्मन्यां सूर्यो नातिवर्तते ॥५-१०७-११॥

atra sāvarṇinā caiva yavakrītātmajēna ca। maryādā sthāpitā brahmanyāṁ sūryō nātivartatē ॥5-107-11॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; सावर्णिना (sāvarṇinā) - by Savarni; च (ca) - and; एव (ēva) - also; यवक्रीतात्मजेन (yavakrītātmajēna) - by Yavakrīta's son; च (ca) - and; मर्यादा (maryādā) - a boundary; स्थापिता (sthāpitā) - was established; ब्रह्मन्यम् (brahmanyam) - in the matter of Brahmins; सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun; न (na) - does not; अतिवर्तते (ativartatē) - transgress;]

Here, a boundary in regard to Brahmins was established by Savarni and also by Yavakrīta's son, which even the sun does not transgress. (5-107-11)

अत्र राक्षसराजेन पौलस्त्येन महात्मना। रावणेन तपश्चीर्त्वा सुरेभ्योऽमरता वृता ॥५-१०७-१२॥

atra rākṣasarājēna paulastyēna mahātmanā। rāvaṇēna tapaścīrtvā surēbhyō’maratā vr̥tā ॥5-107-12॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; राक्षसराजेन (rākṣasarājēna) - by the king of the Rākṣasas; पौलस्त्येन (paulastyēna) - the descendant of Pulastya; महात्मना (mahātmanā) - the great-souled; रावणेन (rāvaṇēna) - Rāvaṇa; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; चर्त्वा (cartvā) - having performed; सुरेभ्यः (surēbhyaḥ) - from the gods; अमरता (amaratā) - immortality; वृता (vr̥tā) - was asked for;]

Here, Rāvaṇa, the great-souled king of the Rākṣasas, the descendant of Pulastya, having performed austerity, asked the gods for immortality. (5-107-12)

अत्र वृत्तेन वृत्रोऽपि शक्रशत्रुत्वमीयिवान्। अत्र सर्वासवः प्राप्ताः पुनर्गच्छन्ति पञ्चधा ॥५-१०७-१३॥

atra vr̥ttēna vr̥trō’pi śakraśatrutvamīyivān। atra sarvāsavaḥ prāptāḥ punargacchanti pañcadhā ॥5-107-13॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; वृत्तेन (vr̥ttēna) - through his conduct; वृत्रः अपि (vr̥traḥ api) - even Vṛtra; शक्रशत्रुत्वम् (śakraśatrutvam) - enmity with Indra; ईयिवान् (īyivān) - attained; अत्र (atra) - here; सर्व-आसवः (sarva-āsavaḥ) - all spirits; प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having come; पुनः गच्छन्ति (punaḥ gacchanti) - again depart; पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways;]

Here, even Vṛtra attained enmity with Indra because of his conduct; here, all spirits, having arrived, depart again in five ways. (5-107-13)

अत्र दुष्कृतकर्माणो नराः पच्यन्ति गालव। अत्र वैतरणी नाम नदी वितरणैर्वृता । अत्र गत्वा सुखस्यान्तं दुःखस्यान्तं प्रपद्यते ॥५-१०७-१४॥

atra duṣkr̥takarmāṇō narāḥ pacyanti gālava। atra vaitaraṇī nāma nadī vitaraṇairvr̥tā । atra gatvā sukhasyāntaṁ duḥkhasyāntaṁ prapadyatē ॥5-107-14॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; दुष्कृतकर्माणः (duṣkr̥takarmāṇaḥ) - those who have committed evil deeds; नराः (narāḥ) - people; पच्यन्ति (pacyanti) - are tormented; गालव (gālava) - O Gālava; अत्र (atra) - here; वैतरणी (vaitaraṇī) - Vaitaraṇī; नाम (nāma) - by name; नदी (nadī) - river; वितरणैः (vitaraṇaiḥ) - with (strong) currents; वृता (vr̥tā) - filled; अत्र (atra) - here; गत्वा (gatvā) - after going; सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness; अन्तम् (antam) - the end; दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering; अन्तम् (antam) - the end; प्रपद्यते (prapadyatē) - is attained;]

O Gālava, here those people who have done evil deeds are tormented. Here is the river called Vaitaraṇī, filled with strong currents. Here, on arriving, one reaches the end of happiness and the beginning of suffering. (5-107-14)

अत्रावृत्तो दिनकरः क्षरते सुरसं पयः। काष्ठां चासाद्य धानिष्ठां हिममुत्सृजते पुनः ॥५-१०७-१५॥

atrāvr̥ttō dinakaraḥ kṣaratē surasaṁ payaḥ। kāṣṭhāṁ cāsādya dhāniṣṭhāṁ himamutsr̥jatē punaḥ ॥5-107-15॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; आवृत्तः (āvr̥ttaḥ) - returned; दिनकरः (dinakaraḥ) - the sun; क्षरते (kṣaratē) - pours down; सुरसं (surasaṁ) - sweet; पयः (payaḥ) - water; काष्ठां (kāṣṭhāṁ) - the station; च (ca) - and; आसाद्य (āsādya) - reaching; धानिष्ठां (dhāniṣṭhāṁ) - Dhaniṣṭhā; हिमम् (himam) - frost; उत्सृजते (utsr̥jatē) - sends forth; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]

Here, the returning sun pours down sweet water, and when it reaches the station of Dhaniṣṭhā, it sends forth frost again. (5-107-15)

अत्राहं गालव पुरा क्षुधार्तः परिचिन्तयन्। लब्धवान्युध्यमानौ द्वौ बृहन्तौ गजकच्छपौ ॥५-१०७-१६॥

atrāhaṁ gālava purā kṣudhārtaḥ paricintayan। labdhavānyudhyamānau dvau br̥hantau gajakacchapau ॥5-107-16॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; अहम् (aham) - I; गालव (gālava) - Gālava; पुरा (purā) - previously; क्षुधा-आर्तः (kṣudhā-ārtaḥ) - tormented by hunger; परिचिन्तयन् (paricintayan) - reflecting; लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - found; युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting; द्वौ (dvau) - two; बृहन्तौ (br̥hantau) - huge; गजकच्छपौ (gajakacchapau) - an elephant and a tortoise;]

Here, Gālava, long ago, tormented by hunger and reflecting, I found two huge creatures, an elephant and a tortoise, locked in combat. (5-107-16)

अत्र शक्रधनुर्नाम सूर्याज्जातो महानृषिः। विदुर्यं कपिलं देवं येनात्ताः सगरात्मजाः ॥५-१०७-१७॥

atra śakradhanurnāma sūryājjātō mahānr̥ṣiḥ। viduryaṁ kapilaṁ dēvaṁ yēnāttāḥ sagarātmajāḥ ॥5-107-17॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; शक्रधनुः नाम (śakradhanuḥ nāma) - named Śakradhanu; सूर्याज् जातः (sūryāj jātaḥ) - born from the sun; महान् ऋषिः (mahān r̥ṣiḥ) - a great sage; विदुर्यम् कपिलम् देवम् (viduryam kapilam dēvam) - the illustrious god Kapila; येन (yēna) - by whom; आत्ताः (āttāḥ) - were consumed; सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - the sons of Sagara;]

Here was the great sage named Śakradhanu, born of the sun, the illustrious god Kapila, by whom the sons of Sagara were consumed. (5-107-17)

अत्र सिद्धाः शिवा नाम ब्राह्मणा वेदपारगाः। अधीत्य सखिलान्वेदानालभन्ते यमक्षयम् ॥५-१०७-१८॥

atra siddhāḥ śivā nāma brāhmaṇā vēdapāragāḥ। adhītya sakhilānvēdānālabhantē yamakṣayam ॥5-107-18॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - perfected beings; शिवा नाम (śivā nāma) - called Śivās; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; वेदपारगाः (vēdapāragāḥ) - masters of the Vedas; अधीत्य (adhītya) - having thoroughly studied; सखिलान् वेदान् (sakhilān vēdān) - all the Vedas; आलभन्ते (ālabhantē) - attain; यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - the imperishable realm of Yama;]

Here dwell the perfected beings known as the Śivās—Brāhmaṇas who have mastered the Vedas—who, having thoroughly studied all the Vedas, attain the imperishable realm of Yama. (5-107-18)

अत्र भोगवती नाम पुरी वासुकिपालिता। तक्षकेण च नागेन तथैवैरावतेन च ॥५-१०७-१९॥

atra bhōgavatī nāma purī vāsukipālitā। takṣakēṇa ca nāgēna tathaivairāvatēna ca ॥5-107-19॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; भोगवती (bhōgavatī) - Bhogavatī; नाम (nāma) - named; पुरी (purī) - city; वासुकि-पालिता (vāsuki-pālitā) - ruled by Vāsuki; तक्षकेण (takṣakēṇa) - by Takṣaka; च (ca) - and; नागेन (nāgēna) - by the Nāga; तथैव (tathaiva) - as well as; ऐरावतेन (airāvatēna) - by Airāvata; च (ca) - and;]

Here is the city named Bhogavatī, ruled by Vāsuki, and also by the Nāga Takṣaka and likewise by Airāvata. (5-107-19)

अत्र निर्याणकालेषु तमः सम्प्राप्यते महत्। अभेद्यं भास्करेणापि स्वयं वा कृष्णवर्त्मना ॥५-१०७-२०॥

atra niryāṇakālēṣu tamaḥ samprāpyatē mahat। abhēdyaṁ bhāskarēṇāpi svayaṁ vā kr̥ṣṇavartmanā ॥5-107-20॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; निर्याणकालेषु (niryāṇakālēṣu) - at the times of departure; तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness; सम्प्राप्यते (samprāpyatē) - is reached; महत् (mahat) - great; अभेद्यं (abhēdyaṁ) - impenetrable; भास्करेण अपि (bhāskarēṇa api) - even by the sun; स्वयं वा कृष्णवर्त्मना (svayaṁ vā kr̥ṣṇavartmanā) - or even by the path of Krishna himself;]

Here, at the times of departure, a great darkness is reached—impenetrable even by the sun or even by the path of Krishna himself. (5-107-20)

एष तस्यापि ते मार्गः परितापस्य गालव। ब्रूहि मे यदि गन्तव्यं प्रतीचीं शृणु वा मम ॥५-१०७-२१॥

ēṣa tasyāpi tē mārgaḥ paritāpasya gālava। brūhi mē yadi gantavyaṁ pratīcīṁ śr̥ṇu vā mama ॥5-107-21॥

[एष (ēṣa) - this; तस्य अपि (tasya api) - even for it; ते (tē) - for you; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - the path; परितापस्य (paritāpasya) - of hardship; गालव (gālava) - Gālava; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; मे (mē) - me; यदि (yadi) - if; गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - I must go; प्रतीचीम् (pratīcīm) - to the west; शृणु (śr̥ṇu) - hear; वा (vā) - or; मम (mama) - my;]

This, too, is the path for you, Gālava, of hardship; tell me if I must go west, or hear what I have to say. (5-107-21)