06.006
Library: Dhritarashtra enquires about the earth and earth dwellers. Sanjaya starts with the description of movable and immovable beings.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
नदीनां पर्वतानां च नामधेयानि सञ्जय। तथा जनपदानां च ये चान्ये भूमिमाश्रिताः ॥६-६-१॥
nadīnāṃ parvatānāṃ ca nāmadheyāni sañjaya। tathā janapadānāṃ ca ye cānye bhūmimāśritāḥ ॥6-6-1॥
[नदीनां (nadīnāṃ) - of rivers; पर्वतानां (parvatānāṃ) - of mountains; च (ca) - and; नामधेयानि (nāmadheyāni) - names; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; तथा (tathā) - also; जनपदानां (janapadānāṃ) - of regions; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - inhabiting;]
(The names of rivers and mountains, O Sanjaya, as well as of regions and others who inhabit the land.)
O Sanjaya, here are the names of the rivers, mountains, and regions, along with those who inhabit the land.
प्रमाणं च प्रमाणज्ञ पृथिव्या अपि सर्वशः। निखिलेन समाचक्ष्व काननानि च सञ्जय ॥६-६-२॥
pramāṇaṃ ca pramāṇajña pṛthivyā api sarvaśaḥ। nikhilena samācakṣva kānanāni ca sañjaya ॥6-6-2॥
[प्रमाणं (pramāṇaṃ) - measure; च (ca) - and; प्रमाणज्ञ (pramāṇajña) - knower of measures; पृथिव्या (pṛthivyā) - of the earth; अपि (api) - also; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely; निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely; समाचक्ष्व (samācakṣva) - describe; काननानि (kānanāni) - forests; च (ca) - and; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya;]
(Measure and knower of measures of the earth also entirely; completely describe the forests and Sañjaya.)
O Sañjaya, describe completely the measures and the knower of measures of the earth, and also the forests entirely.
सञ्जय उवाच॥
sañjaya uvāca॥
[सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sanjaya said:)
Sanjaya said:
पञ्चेमानि महाराज महाभूतानि सङ्ग्रहात्। जगत्स्थितानि सर्वाणि समान्याहुर्मनीषिणः ॥६-६-३॥
pañcemāni mahārāja mahābhūtāni saṅgrahāt। jagatsthitāni sarvāṇi samānyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ॥6-6-3॥
[पञ्च (pañca) - five; इमानि (imāni) - these; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; महाभूतानि (mahābhūtāni) - great elements; सङ्ग्रहात् (saṅgrahāt) - from collection; जगत् (jagat) - world; स्थितानि (sthitāni) - situated; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; समान्य (samānya) - common; आहुः (āhuḥ) - say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise;]
(These five great elements, O great king, are said by the wise to be the common constituents of all the situated worlds.)
O great king, the wise declare that these five great elements are the common constituents of all the worlds.
भूमिरापस्तथा वायुरग्निराकाशमेव च। गुणोत्तराणि सर्वाणि तेषां भूमिः प्रधानतः ॥६-६-४॥
bhūmir-āpas-tathā vāyur-agnir-ākāśam-eva ca। guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣāṃ bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ ॥6-6-4॥
[भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth; आपः (āpaḥ) - water; तथा (tathā) - also; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air; अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; आकाशम् (ākāśam) - ether; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; गुणोत्तराणि (guṇottarāṇi) - qualities; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth; प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - primarily;]
(Earth, water, also air, fire, ether indeed and; all qualities of them, earth primarily.)
The earth, water, air, fire, and ether are all qualities, with earth being the primary one.
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः। भूमेरेते गुणाः प्रोक्ता ऋषिभिस्तत्त्ववेदिभिः ॥६-६-५॥
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṃ ca raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ। bhūmerete guṇāḥ proktā ṛṣibhistattvavedibhiḥ ॥6-6-5॥
[शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound; स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch; च (ca) - and; रूपं (rūpaṃ) - form; च (ca) - and; रसः (rasaḥ) - taste; गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell; च (ca) - and; पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - fifth; भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of earth; एते (ete) - these; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are said; ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by sages; तत्त्ववेदिभिः (tattvavedibhiḥ) - knowers of truth;]
(Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell are the five qualities of earth, as stated by the sages who know the truth.)
The sages who understand the essence of reality have described sound, touch, form, taste, and smell as the five inherent qualities of the earth.
चत्वारोऽप्सु गुणा राजन्गन्धस्तत्र न विद्यते। शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च तेजसोऽथ गुणास्त्रयः ॥ शब्दः स्पर्शश्च वायोस्तु आकाशे शब्द एव च ॥६-६-६॥
catvāro'psu guṇā rājangandhastatra na vidyate। śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṃ ca tejaso'tha guṇāstrayaḥ ॥ śabdaḥ sparśaśca vāyostu ākāśe śabda eva ca ॥6-6-6॥
[चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; अप्सु (apsu) - in water; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; राजन् (rājan) - O king; गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell; तत्र (tatra) - there; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound; स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch; च (ca) - and; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; च (ca) - and; तेजसः (tejasah) - of fire; अथ (atha) - then; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound; स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch; च (ca) - and; वायोः (vāyoḥ) - of air; तु (tu) - but; आकाशे (ākāśe) - in space; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and;]
(Four qualities are in water, O king, but smell is not there. Sound, touch, and form are the qualities of fire, then three qualities. Sound, touch, and of air, but in space, sound only and.)
O king, there are four qualities in water, but smell is absent. Fire possesses sound, touch, and form as its qualities, while air has sound and touch. In space, only sound exists.
एते पञ्च गुणा राजन्महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु। वर्तन्ते सर्वलोकेषु येषु लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥६-६-७॥
ete pañca guṇā rājanmahābhūteṣu pañcasu। vartante sarvalokeṣu yeṣu lokāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ ॥6-6-7॥
[एते (ete) - these; पञ्च (pañca) - five; गुणा (guṇā) - qualities; राजन् (rājan) - O king; महाभूतेषु (mahābhūteṣu) - in the great elements; पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five; वर्तन्ते (vartante) - exist; सर्वलोकेषु (sarvalokeṣu) - in all worlds; येषु (yeṣu) - in which; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; प्रतिष्ठिताः (pratiṣṭhitāḥ) - are established;]
(These five qualities, O king, exist in the five great elements, in all worlds in which the worlds are established.)
O King, these five qualities are present in the five great elements and exist in all the worlds where the worlds are established.
अन्योन्यं नाभिवर्तन्ते साम्यं भवति वै यदा। यदा तु विषमीभावमाविशन्ति परस्परम् ॥ तदा देहैर्देहवन्तो व्यतिरोहन्ति नान्यथा ॥६-६-८॥
anyonyaṃ nābhivartante sāmyaṃ bhavati vai yadā। yadā tu viṣamībhāvam āviśanti parasparam ॥ tadā dehair dehavanto vyatirohanti nānyathā ॥6-6-8॥
[अन्योन्यं (anyonyaṃ) - each other; न (na) - not; अभिवर्तन्ते (abhivartante) - overcome; साम्यं (sāmyaṃ) - equality; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; वै (vai) - indeed; यदा (yadā) - when; यदा (yadā) - when; तु (tu) - but; विषमीभावम् (viṣamībhāvam) - inequality; आविशन्ति (āviśanti) - enter; परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually; तदा (tadā) - then; देहैः (dehaiḥ) - by bodies; देहवन्तः (dehavantaḥ) - embodied beings; व्यतिरोहन्ति (vyatirohanti) - transcend; न (na) - not; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise;]
(When they do not overcome each other, equality indeed becomes. But when they enter into inequality mutually, then embodied beings transcend by bodies, not otherwise.)
When there is no overcoming of each other, equality is indeed established. However, when they mutually enter into a state of inequality, then the embodied beings transcend through their bodies, and not otherwise.
आनुपूर्व्याद्विनश्यन्ति जायन्ते चानुपूर्वशः। सर्वाण्यपरिमेयानि तदेषां रूपमैश्वरम् ॥६-६-९॥
ānupūrvyād vinaśyanti jāyante cānupūrvaśaḥ। sarvāṇy aparimeyāni tadeṣāṃ rūpam aiśvaram ॥6-6-9॥
[आनुपूर्व्यात् (ānupūrvyāt) - in sequence; विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - they perish; जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born; च (ca) - and; अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in order; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; अपरिमेयानि (aparimeyāni) - immeasurable; तत् (tat) - that; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; ऐश्वरम् (aiśvaram) - divine;]
(In sequence, they perish and are born in order; all these immeasurable forms are divine.)
In the divine order, all things perish and are born sequentially; these forms are immeasurable and divine.
तत्र तत्र हि दृश्यन्ते धातवः पाञ्चभौतिकाः। तेषां मनुष्यास्तर्केण प्रमाणानि प्रचक्षते ॥६-६-१०॥
tatra tatra hi dṛśyante dhātavaḥ pāñcabhautikāḥ। teṣāṃ manuṣyāstarkeṇa pramāṇāni pracakṣate ॥6-6-10॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; तत्र (tatra) - there; हि (hi) - indeed; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; धातवः (dhātavaḥ) - elements; पाञ्चभौतिकाः (pāñcabhautikāḥ) - composed of five elements; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans; तर्केण (tarkeṇa) - by reasoning; प्रमाणानि (pramāṇāni) - evidences; प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - declare;]
(There, indeed, are seen elements composed of five elements. Of them, humans declare evidences by reasoning.)
In various places, indeed, elements composed of the five great elements are observed. Humans declare their evidences through reasoning.
अचिन्त्याः खलु ये भावा न तांस्तर्केण साधयेत्। प्रकृतिभ्यः परं यत्तु तदचिन्त्यस्य लक्षणम् ॥६-६-११॥
acintyāḥ khalu ye bhāvā na tāṁstarkeṇa sādhayet। prakṛtibhyaḥ paraṁ yattu tadacintyasyalakṣaṇam ॥6-6-11॥
[अचिन्त्याः (acintyāḥ) - inconceivable; खलु (khalu) - indeed; ये (ye) - which; भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states; न (na) - not; तान् (tān) - them; तर्केण (tarkeṇa) - by logic; साधयेत् (sādhayet) - can be established; प्रकृतिभ्यः (prakṛtibhyaḥ) - from nature; परम् (param) - beyond; यत् (yat) - which; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; अचिन्त्यस्य (acintyasyalakṣaṇam) - of the inconceivable; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic;]
(Indeed, the states which are inconceivable cannot be established by logic. That which is beyond nature is the characteristic of the inconceivable.)
The inconceivable states cannot be comprehended through logic. What lies beyond nature is the hallmark of the inconceivable.
सुदर्शनं प्रवक्ष्यामि द्वीपं ते कुरुनन्दन। परिमण्डलो महाराज द्वीपोऽसौ चक्रसंस्थितः ॥६-६-१२॥
sudarśanaṃ pravakṣyāmi dvīpaṃ te kurunandana। parimaṇḍalo mahārāja dvīpo'sau cakrasaṃsthitaḥ ॥6-6-12॥
[सुदर्शनम् (sudarśanam) - beautiful; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will describe; द्वीपम् (dvīpam) - island; ते (te) - to you; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendant of Kuru; परिमण्डलः (parimaṇḍalaḥ) - circular; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - island; असौ (asau) - this; चक्रसंस्थितः (cakrasaṃsthitaḥ) - situated in a circle;]
(I will describe to you the beautiful island, O descendant of Kuru. This island, O great king, is circular and situated in a circle.)
I will describe to you the beautiful Sudarshana island, O descendant of Kuru. This island, O great king, is perfectly circular and situated like a wheel.
नदीजलप्रतिच्छन्नः पर्वतैश्चाभ्रसंनिभैः। पुरैश्च विविधाकारै रम्यैर्जनपदैस्तथा ॥६-६-१३॥
nadījala-praticchannaḥ parvataiś cābhra-saṃnibhaiḥ। puraiś ca vividhākārai ramyair janapadais tathā ॥6-6-13॥
[नदी (nadī) - river; जल (jala) - water; प्रतिच्छन्नः (praticchannaḥ) - covered; पर्वतैः (parvataiḥ) - by mountains; च (ca) - and; अभ्र (abhra) - cloud; संनिभैः (saṃnibhaiḥ) - resembling; पुरैः (puraiḥ) - by cities; च (ca) - and; विविध (vividhā) - various; आकारैः (ākāraiḥ) - forms; रम्यैः (ramyaiḥ) - beautiful; जनपदैः (janapadaiḥ) - by regions; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Covered by river water and mountains resembling clouds, and also by cities with various beautiful forms and regions.)
The landscape was covered by river water and mountains that looked like clouds, and it was adorned with cities of various beautiful forms and regions.
वृक्षैः पुष्पफलोपेतैः सम्पन्नधनधान्यवान्। लावणेन समुद्रेण समन्तात्परिवारितः ॥६-६-१४॥
vṛkṣaiḥ puṣpaphalopetaiḥ sampannadhanadhānyavān। lāvaṇena samudreṇa samantātparivāritaḥ ॥6-6-14॥
[वृक्षैः (vṛkṣaiḥ) - with trees; पुष्पफलोपेतैः (puṣpaphalopetaiḥ) - endowed with flowers and fruits; सम्पन्नधनधान्यवान् (sampannadhanadhānyavān) - rich in wealth and grains; लावणेन (lāvaṇena) - with salt; समुद्रेण (samudreṇa) - by the ocean; समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around; परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded;]
(With trees endowed with flowers and fruits, rich in wealth and grains, surrounded all around by the salty ocean.)
The land is lush with trees bearing flowers and fruits, abundant in wealth and grains, and is entirely surrounded by the salty ocean.
यथा च पुरुषः पश्येदादर्शे मुखमात्मनः। एवं सुदर्शनद्वीपो दृश्यते चन्द्रमण्डले ॥६-६-१५॥
yathā ca puruṣaḥ paśyedādarśe mukhamātmanaḥ। evaṃ sudarśanadvīpo dṛśyate candramaṇḍale ॥6-6-15॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; च (ca) - and; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man; पश्येत् (paśyet) - would see; आदर्शे (ādarśe) - in a mirror; मुखम् (mukham) - face; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself; एवम् (evam) - thus; सुदर्शनद्वीपः (sudarśanadvīpaḥ) - Sudarshana island; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; चन्द्रमण्डले (candramaṇḍale) - in the lunar sphere;]
(Just as a man would see his own face in a mirror, thus the Sudarshana island is seen in the lunar sphere.)
Just as a man sees his reflection in a mirror, the Sudarshana island is visible in the moon's sphere.
द्विरंशे पिप्पलस्तत्र द्विरंशे च शशो महान्। सर्वौषधिसमावापैः सर्वतः परिबृंहितः ॥ आपस्ततोऽन्या विज्ञेया एष सङ्क्षेप उच्यते ॥६-६-१६॥
dviraṁśe pippalastatra dviraṁśe ca śaśo mahān। sarvauṣadhisamāvāpaiḥ sarvataḥ paribṛṁhitaḥ ॥ āpastato'nyā vijñeyā eṣa saṅkṣepa ucyate ॥6-6-16॥
[द्विरंशे (dviraṁśe) - in two parts; पिप्पलः (pippalaḥ) - Pippala tree; तत्र (tatra) - there; द्विरंशे (dviraṁśe) - in two parts; च (ca) - and; शशः (śaśaḥ) - hare; महान् (mahān) - great; सर्वौषधिसमावापैः (sarvauṣadhisamāvāpaiḥ) - with all medicinal plants; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - everywhere; परिबृंहितः (paribṛṁhitaḥ) - surrounded; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अन्या (anyā) - other; विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - to be known; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; सङ्क्षेपः (saṅkṣepaḥ) - summary; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
(In two parts, there is the Pippala tree, and in two parts, the great hare. Surrounded everywhere by all medicinal plants. Then, other waters are to be known. This is said to be the summary.)
The Pippala tree and the great hare are each divided into two parts, surrounded by all kinds of medicinal plants. Then, other waters are to be understood. This is the summary.
