08.049
Pancharatra and Core: The angered Arjuna, after taking advice from Krishna, insults Yudhishthira to keep his promise. Then, they all prepare to return to battle.

सञ्जय उवाच॥

sañjaya uvāca॥

[सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Sanjaya said:)

Sanjaya said:

युधिष्ठिरेणैवमुक्तः कौन्तेयः श्वेतवाहनः। असिं जग्राह सङ्क्रुद्धो जिघांसुर्भरतर्षभम् ॥८-४९-१॥

yudhiṣṭhireṇaivamuktaḥ kaunteyaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ। asiṃ jagrāha saṅkruddho jighāṃsurbharatarṣabham ॥8-49-1॥

[युधिष्ठिरेण (yudhiṣṭhireṇa) - by Yudhishthira; एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - son of Kunti; श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - the one with white horses; असिम् (asim) - sword; जग्राह (jagrāha) - took; सङ्क्रुद्धः (saṅkruddhaḥ) - enraged; जिघांसुः (jighāṃsuḥ) - desiring to kill; भरतर्षभम् (bharatarṣabham) - bull of the Bharatas;]

(Thus addressed by Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, the one with white horses, took the sword, enraged and desiring to kill the bull of the Bharatas.)

Upon being addressed in this manner by Yudhishthira, Arjuna, the son of Kunti and known for his white horses, took up his sword in anger, intent on slaying the foremost of the Bharatas.

तस्य कोपं समुद्वीक्ष्य चित्तज्ञः केशवस्तदा। उवाच किमिदं पार्थ गृहीतः खड्ग इत्युत ॥८-४९-२॥

tasya kopaṁ samudvīkṣya cittajñaḥ keśavastadā। uvāca kimidaṁ pārtha gṛhītaḥ khaḍga ityuta ॥8-49-2॥

[तस्य (tasya) - his; कोपं (kopaṁ) - anger; समुद्वीक्ष्य (samudvīkṣya) - having observed; चित्तज्ञः (cittajñaḥ) - the knower of the mind; केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keshava; तदा (tadā) - then; उवाच (uvāca) - said; किम् (kim) - what; इदं (idaṁ) - this; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; गृहीतः (gṛhītaḥ) - taken; खड्गः (khaḍgaḥ) - sword; इति (iti) - thus; उत (uta) - indeed;]

(Having observed his anger, Keshava, the knower of the mind, then said, "What is this, O son of Pritha, you have taken a sword, indeed?")

Keshava, understanding the mind, noticed his anger and said, "O son of Pritha, why have you taken up the sword?"

नेह पश्यामि योद्धव्यं तव किञ्चिद्धनञ्जय। ते ध्वस्ता धार्तराष्ट्रा हि सर्वे भीमेन धीमता ॥८-४९-३॥

neha paśyāmi yoddhavyaṃ tava kiñciddhanañjaya। te dhvastā dhārtarāṣṭrā hi sarve bhīmena dhīmatā ॥8-49-3॥

[नेह (neha) - here; पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; योद्धव्यं (yoddhavyaṃ) - to fight; तव (tava) - your; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya; ते (te) - they; ध्वस्ता (dhvastā) - destroyed; धार्तराष्ट्रा (dhārtarāṣṭrā) - sons of Dhritarashtra; हि (hi) - indeed; सर्वे (sarve) - all; भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhima; धीमता (dhīmatā) - the wise;]

(Here I see nothing to fight for, O Dhananjaya. Indeed, all the sons of Dhritarashtra have been destroyed by the wise Bhima.)

"O Dhananjaya, I see no reason to fight here. Indeed, all the sons of Dhritarashtra have been destroyed by the wise Bhima."

अपयातोऽसि कौन्तेय राजा द्रष्टव्य इत्यपि। स राजा भवता दृष्टः कुशली च युधिष्ठिरः ॥८-४९-४॥

apayāto'si kaunteya rājā draṣṭavya ityapi। sa rājā bhavatā dṛṣṭaḥ kuśalī ca yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ॥8-49-4॥

[अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - departed; असि (asi) - you are; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; राजा (rājā) - king; द्रष्टव्यः (draṣṭavyaḥ) - to be seen; इति (iti) - thus; अपि (api) - also; सः (saḥ) - that; राजा (rājā) - king; भवता (bhavatā) - by you; दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen; कुशली (kuśalī) - well; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira;]

(You have departed, O son of Kunti, the king is also to be seen. That king has been seen by you, and Yudhishthira is well.)

"You have left, O son of Kunti, and you should see the king. That king has been seen by you, and Yudhishthira is well."

तं दृष्ट्वा नृपशार्दूलं शार्दूलसमविक्रमम्। हर्षकाले तु सम्प्राप्ते कस्मात्त्वा मन्युराविशत् ॥८-४९-५॥

taṁ dṛṣṭvā nṛpaśārdūlaṁ śārdūlasamavikramam। harṣakāle tu samprāpte kasmāttvā manyurāviśat ॥8-49-5॥

[तं (taṁ) - him; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; नृपशार्दूलं (nṛpaśārdūlam) - tiger among kings; शार्दूलसमविक्रमम् (śārdūlasamavikramam) - equal in prowess to a tiger; हर्षकाले (harṣakāle) - at the time of joy; तु (tu) - but; सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; त्वा (tvā) - you; मन्युराविशत् (manyurāviśat) - anger entered;]

(Having seen him, the tiger among kings, equal in prowess to a tiger, but at the time of joy having arrived, why did anger enter you?)

Upon seeing him, the tiger among kings, who is as mighty as a tiger, why did anger seize you at a time meant for joy?

न तं पश्यामि कौन्तेय यस्ते वध्यो भवेदिह। कस्माद्भवान्महाखड्गं परिगृह्णाति सत्वरम् ॥८-४९-६॥

na taṃ paśyāmi kaunteya yaste vadhyo bhaved iha। kasmād bhavān mahākhaḍgaṃ parigṛhṇāti satvaram ॥8-49-6॥

[न (na) - not; तम् (tam) - him; पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; यः (yaḥ) - who; ते (te) - your; वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; इह (iha) - here; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; भवान् (bhavān) - you; महाखड्गम् (mahākhaḍgam) - great sword; परिगृह्णाति (parigṛhṇāti) - take up; सत्वरम् (satvaram) - quickly;]

(I do not see him, O son of Kunti, who would be your slayer here. Why do you take up the great sword quickly?)

O son of Kunti, I do not see anyone here who would be your slayer. Why then do you hastily take up the great sword?

तत्त्वा पृच्छामि कौन्तेय किमिदं ते चिकीर्षितम्। परामृशसि यत्क्रुद्धः खड्गमद्भुतविक्रम ॥८-४९-७॥

tattvā pṛcchāmi kaunteya kimidaṃ te cikīrṣitam। parāmṛśasi yatkruddhaḥ khaḍgamadbhutavikrama ॥8-49-7॥

[तत्त्वा (tattvā) - truth; essence; पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; किमिदं (kimidaṃ) - what is this; ते (te) - your; चिकीर्षितम् (cikīrṣitam) - intended; परामृशसि (parāmṛśasi) - you consider; यत् (yat) - that; क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry; खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword; अद्भुतविक्रम (adbhutavikrama) - of wonderful prowess;]

(I ask you, O son of Kunti, what is this intended by you? You consider, being angry, the sword of wonderful prowess.)

O son of Kunti, I inquire about your intentions. What is this that you plan, wielding the sword with such remarkable prowess in your anger?

एवमुक्तस्तु कृष्णेन प्रेक्षमाणो युधिष्ठिरम्। अर्जुनः प्राह गोविन्दं क्रुद्धः सर्प इव श्वसन् ॥८-४९-८॥

evamuktastu kṛṣṇena prekṣamāṇo yudhiṣṭhiram। arjunaḥ prāha govindaṃ kruddhaḥ sarpa iva śvasan ॥8-49-8॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; तु (tu) - but; कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna; प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - at Yudhishthira; अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; प्राह (prāha) - said; गोविन्दम् (govindam) - to Govinda; क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry; सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake; इव (iva) - like; श्वसन् (śvasan) - breathing;]

(Thus spoken by Krishna, looking at Yudhishthira, Arjuna said to Govinda, angry like a snake breathing.)

Arjuna, looking at Yudhishthira, spoke to Govinda with anger, breathing like a snake, after being addressed by Krishna.

दद गाण्डीवमन्यस्मा इति मां योऽभिचोदयेत्। छिन्द्यामहं शिरस्तस्य इत्युपांशुव्रतं मम ॥८-४९-९॥

dada gāṇḍīvamanyasmā iti māṃ yo'bhicodayet। chindyāmahaṃ śirastasya ityupāṃśuvrataṃ mama ॥8-49-9॥

[दद (dada) - give; गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - Gandiva bow; अन्यस्मा (anyasmā) - to another; इति (iti) - thus; माम् (mām) - me; यः (yaḥ) - who; अभिचोदयेत् (abhicodayet) - incites; छिन्द्याम् (chindyām) - I would cut; अहम् (aham) - I; शिरः (śiraḥ) - head; तस्य (tasya) - of him; इति (iti) - thus; उपांशुव्रतम् (upāṃśuvratam) - silent vow; मम (mama) - my;]

("If anyone incites me to give the Gandiva bow to another, I would cut off his head" is my silent vow.)

My silent vow is that if anyone urges me to give the Gandiva bow to someone else, I will cut off their head.

तदुक्तोऽहमदीनात्मन्राज्ञामितपराक्रम। समक्षं तव गोविन्द न तत्क्षन्तुमिहोत्सहे ॥८-४९-१०॥

tadukto'hamadīnātmanrājñāmitaparākrama। samakṣaṃ tava govinda na tatkṣantumihotsahe ॥8-49-10॥

[तत् (tat) - that; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; अहम् (aham) - I; अदीन (adīna) - not humble; आत्मन् (ātman) - self; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; अमित (amita) - immeasurable; पराक्रम (parākrama) - valor; समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in presence; तव (tava) - your; गोविन्द (govinda) - Govinda; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive; इह (iha) - here; उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able;]

(Thus spoken by the king of immeasurable valor, I, not humble in self, in your presence, Govinda, am not able to forgive that here.)

Having been addressed by the king of immense valor, I, who am not of a humble nature, in your presence, O Govinda, cannot bring myself to forgive that here.

तस्मादेनं वधिष्यामि राजानं धर्मभीरुकम्। प्रतिज्ञां पालयिष्यामि हत्वेमं नरसत्तमम् ॥ एतदर्थं मया खड्गो गृहीतो यदुनन्दन ॥८-४९-११॥

tasmādenaṃ vadhiṣyāmi rājānaṃ dharmabhīrukam। pratijñāṃ pālayiṣyāmi hatvemaṃ narasattamam ॥ etadarthaṃ mayā khaḍgo gṛhīto yadunandana ॥8-49-11॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; एनम् (enam) - this; वधिष्यामि (vadhiṣyāmi) - I will kill; राजानम् (rājānam) - the king; धर्मभीरुकम् (dharmabhīrukam) - righteous; प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - vow; पालयिष्यामि (pālayiṣyāmi) - I will keep; हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; एनम् (enam) - this; नरसत्तमम् (narasattamam) - best of men; एतदर्थम् (etadartham) - for this purpose; मया (mayā) - by me; खड्गः (khaḍgaḥ) - sword; गृहीतः (gṛhītaḥ) - taken; यदुनन्दन (yadunandana) - O descendant of Yadu;]

(Therefore, I will kill this righteous king. I will keep my vow by killing this best of men. For this purpose, O descendant of Yadu, I have taken up the sword.)

Therefore, I have resolved to kill this righteous king to uphold my vow. O descendant of Yadu, I have taken up the sword for this very purpose.

सोऽहं युधिष्ठिरं हत्वा सत्येऽप्यानृण्यतां गतः। विशोको विज्वरश्चापि भविष्यामि जनार्दन ॥८-४९-१२॥

so'haṁ yudhiṣṭhiraṁ hatvā satye'pyānṛṇyatāṁ gataḥ। viśoko vijvaraścāpi bhaviṣyāmi janārdana ॥8-49-12॥

[सः (saḥ) - he; अहम् (aham) - I; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira; हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; सत्ये (satye) - in truth; अपि (api) - also; अनृण्यताम् (anṛṇyatām) - freedom from debt; गतः (gataḥ) - attained; विशोकः (viśokaḥ) - free from sorrow; विज्वरः (vijvaraḥ) - free from fever; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; भविष्यामि (bhaviṣyāmi) - I shall become; जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana;]

(He, having killed Yudhishthira, has attained freedom from debt in truth. I shall also become free from sorrow and fever, O Janardana.)

Having slain Yudhishthira, I have truly become free from all debts. I will also be free from sorrow and distress, O Janardana.

किं वा त्वं मन्यसे प्राप्तमस्मिन्काले समुत्थिते। त्वमस्य जगतस्तात वेत्थ सर्वं गतागतम् ॥ तत्तथा प्रकरिष्यामि यथा मां वक्ष्यते भवान् ॥८-४९-१३॥

kiṁ vā tvaṁ manyase prāptamasminkāle samutthite। tvamasya jagatastāta vettha sarvaṁ gatāgatam ॥ tattathā prakariṣyāmi yathā māṁ vakṣyate bhavān ॥8-49-13॥

[किं (kiṁ) - what; वा (vā) - or; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; मन्यसे (manyase) - think; प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived; अस्मिन्काले (asminkāle) - at this time; समुत्थिते (samutthite) - arisen; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अस्य (asya) - of this; जगतः (jagataḥ) - world; तात (tāta) - father; वेत्थ (vettha) - know; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; गतागतम् (gatāgatam) - past and future; तत् (tat) - that; तथा (tathā) - thus; प्रकरिष्यामि (prakariṣyāmi) - I will do; यथा (yathā) - as; माम् (mām) - me; वक्ष्यते (vakṣyate) - will tell; भवान् (bhavān) - you;]

(What do you think has arrived at this time arisen? You, father of this world, know all past and future. I will do that as you will tell me.)

"What do you think has arisen at this time? You, father of this world, know all that has happened and will happen. I will act according to what you will tell me."

कृष्ण उवाच॥

kṛṣṇa uvāca॥

[कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - Krishna; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Krishna said:)

Krishna spoke:

इदानीं पार्थ जानामि न वृद्धाः सेवितास्त्वया। अकाले पुरुषव्याघ्र संरम्भक्रिययानया ॥ न हि धर्मविभागज्ञः कुर्यादेवं धनञ्जय ॥८-४९-१४॥

idānīṃ pārtha jānāmi na vṛddhāḥ sevitāstvayā। akāle puruṣavyāghra saṃrambhakriyāyanayā ॥ na hi dharmavibhāgajñaḥ kuryādevaṃ dhanañjaya ॥8-49-14॥

[इदानीं (idānīṃ) - now; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; जानामि (jānāmi) - I know; न (na) - not; वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders; सेविताः (sevitāḥ) - served; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; अकाले (akāle) - at the wrong time; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men; संरम्भ (saṃrambha) - anger; क्रियया (kriyayā) - by action; अनया (anayā) - by this; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मविभागज्ञः (dharmavibhāgajñaḥ) - knower of the division of duty; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya;]

(Now, O son of Pritha, I know that the elders have not been served by you at the wrong time, O tiger among men, by this action of anger. Indeed, a knower of the division of duty would not do thus, O Dhananjaya.)

"Now, O son of Pritha, I understand that you have not served the elders at an inappropriate time, O tiger among men, with this act of anger. Indeed, someone who understands the division of duty would not act in this way, O Dhananjaya."

अकार्याणां च कार्याणां संयोगं यः करोति वै। कार्याणामक्रियाणां च स पार्थ पुरुषाधमः ॥८-४९-१५॥

akāryāṇāṃ ca kāryāṇāṃ saṃyogaṃ yaḥ karoti vai। kāryāṇāmakriyāṇāṃ ca sa pārtha puruṣādhamaḥ ॥8-49-15॥

[अकार्याणां (akāryāṇāṃ) - of improper actions; च (ca) - and; कार्याणां (kāryāṇāṃ) - of proper actions; संयोगं (saṃyogaṃ) - combination; यः (yaḥ) - who; करोति (karoti) - does; वै (vai) - indeed; कार्याणाम् (kāryāṇām) - of actions; अक्रियाणां (akriyāṇāṃ) - of inactions; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - the lowest of men;]

(He who indeed combines improper actions and proper actions, and actions with inactions, O son of Pritha, is the lowest of men.)

O son of Pritha, the one who mixes right and wrong actions, and actions with inactions, is considered the lowest among men.

अनुसृत्य तु ये धर्मं कवयः समुपस्थिताः। समासविस्तरविदां न तेषां वेत्थ निश्चयम् ॥८-४९-१६॥

anusṛtya tu ye dharmaṃ kavayaḥ samupasthitāḥ। samāsavistaravidāṃ na teṣāṃ vettha niścayam ॥8-49-16॥

[अनुसृत्य (anusṛtya) - following; तु (tu) - but; ये (ye) - those who; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; कवयः (kavayaḥ) - poets; समुपस्थिताः (samupasthitāḥ) - are present; समास (samāsa) - compendium; विस्तर (vistara) - expansion; विदां (vidāṃ) - of those who know; न (na) - not; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - their; वेत्थ (vettha) - you know; निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty;]

(Following the duty, those poets who are present, you do not know the certainty of those who know the compendium and expansion.)

"Following the path of duty, the poets who are present do not know the certainty of those who are versed in both the compendium and the expansion."

अनिश्चयज्ञो हि नरः कार्याकार्यविनिश्चये। अवशो मुह्यते पार्थ यथा त्वं मूढ एव तु ॥८-४९-१७॥

aniścayajño hi naraḥ kāryākāryaviniścaye। avaśo muhyate pārtha yathā tvaṃ mūḍha eva tu ॥8-49-17॥

[अनिश्चयज्ञः (aniścayajñaḥ) - one who is uncertain; हि (hi) - indeed; नरः (naraḥ) - man; कार्य (kārya) - duty; अकार्य (akārya) - non-duty; विनिश्चये (viniścaye) - in decision; अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless; मुह्यते (muhyate) - is confused; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; यथा (yathā) - as; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but;]

(Indeed, a man who is uncertain in deciding duty and non-duty becomes helpless and confused, O son of Pritha, as you are indeed deluded.)

A man who cannot decide between what should be done and what should not be done becomes helpless and confused, just like you, O Arjuna, who are indeed deluded.

न हि कार्यमकार्यं वा सुखं ज्ञातुं कथञ्चन। श्रुतेन ज्ञायते सर्वं तच्च त्वं नावबुध्यसे ॥८-४९-१८॥

na hi kāryamakāryaṃ vā sukhaṃ jñātuṃ kathaṃcana। śrutena jñāyate sarvaṃ tacca tvaṃ nāvabudhyase ॥8-49-18॥

[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; कार्यं (kāryam) - action; अकार्यं (akāryam) - inaction; वा (vā) - or; सुखं (sukham) - happiness; ज्ञातुं (jñātuṃ) - to know; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way; श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by hearing; ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known; सर्वं (sarvam) - everything; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; न (na) - not; अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - understand;]

(Indeed, neither action nor inaction, nor happiness can be known in any way. Everything is known by hearing, and that you do not understand.)

Indeed, you cannot know what is action or inaction, or what is happiness in any way. Everything is known through hearing, yet you do not comprehend that.

अविज्ञानाद्भवान्यच्च धर्मं रक्षति धर्मवित्। प्राणिनां हि वधं पार्थ धार्मिको नावबुध्यते ॥८-४९-१९॥

avijñānādbhavānyacca dharmaṃ rakṣati dharmavit। prāṇināṃ hi vadhaṃ pārtha dhārmiko nāvabudhyate ॥8-49-19॥

[अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - from ignorance; भवान् (bhavān) - you; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - duty; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of duty; प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings; हि (hi) - indeed; वधम् (vadham) - killing; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous person; न (na) - not; अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - understands;]

(From ignorance, you, who knows duty, protect duty. Indeed, O son of Pritha, a righteous person does not understand the killing of living beings.)

Due to ignorance, you, who are knowledgeable of duty, uphold it. However, O son of Pritha, a righteous person does not comprehend the act of killing living beings.

प्राणिनामवधस्तात सर्वज्यायान्मतो मम। अनृतं तु भवेद्वाच्यं न च हिंस्यात्कथञ्चन ॥८-४९-२०॥

prāṇinām avadhas tāt sarva-jyāyān mato mama। anṛtaṃ tu bhaved vācyaṃ na ca hiṃsyāt kathañcana ॥8-49-20॥

[प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings; अवधः (avadhaḥ) - killing; तात (tāta) - O dear; सर्व (sarva) - all; ज्यायान् (jyāyān) - greater; मतः (mataḥ) - considered; मम (mama) - by me; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; तु (tu) - but; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; वाच्यम् (vācyam) - spoken; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; हिंस्यात् (hiṃsyāt) - should harm; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way;]

(The killing of living beings, O dear, is considered by me to be greater than all. But falsehood should be spoken, and one should not harm in any way.)

O dear, I consider the killing of living beings to be the greatest of all sins. However, falsehood may be spoken, but one should never harm anyone in any way.

स कथं भ्रातरं ज्येष्ठं राजानं धर्मकोविदम्। हन्याद्भवान्नरश्रेष्ठ प्राकृतोऽन्यः पुमानिव ॥८-४९-२१॥

sa kathaṁ bhrātaraṁ jyeṣṭhaṁ rājānaṁ dharmakovidam। hanyādbhavānnaraśreṣṭha prākṛto'nyaḥ pumāniva ॥8-49-21॥

[स (sa) - he; कथं (kathaṁ) - how; भ्रातरं (bhrātaraṁ) - brother; ज्येष्ठं (jyeṣṭhaṁ) - elder; राजानं (rājānaṁ) - king; धर्मकोविदम् (dharmakovidam) - versed in dharma; हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill; भवान् (bhavān) - you; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - best of men; प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - ordinary; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; पुमान् (pumān) - man; इव (iva) - like;]

(He, how would you, the best of men, kill your elder brother, the king versed in dharma, like another ordinary man?)

How could you, the best of men, kill your elder brother, the king who is well-versed in dharma, as if he were just another ordinary man?

अयुध्यमानस्य वधस्तथाशस्त्रस्य भारत। पराङ्मुखस्य द्रवतः शरणं वाभिगच्छतः ॥ कृताञ्जलेः प्रपन्नस्य न वधः पूज्यते बुधैः ॥८-४९-२२॥

ayudhyamānasya vadhas tathāśastrasya bhārata। parāṅmukhasya dravataḥ śaraṇaṃ vābhigacchataḥ॥ kṛtāñjaleḥ prapannasya na vadhaḥ pūjyate budhaiḥ॥ 8-49-22॥

[अयुध्यमानस्य (ayudhyamānasya) - of one not fighting; वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; तथा (tathā) - also; अशस्त्रस्य (aśastrasya) - of one without a weapon; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; पराङ्मुखस्य (parāṅmukhasya) - of one who turns away; द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - of one running away; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - shelter; वा (vā) - or; अभिगच्छतः (abhigacchataḥ) - of one approaching; कृताञ्जलेः (kṛtāñjaleḥ) - with folded hands; प्रपन्नस्य (prapannasya) - of one who has surrendered; न (na) - not; वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; पूज्यते (pūjyate) - is honored; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise;]

(The killing of one not fighting, of one without a weapon, O Bhārata, of one who turns away, of one running away, or of one approaching shelter, with folded hands, of one who has surrendered, is not honored by the wise.)

O Bhārata, the wise do not honor the killing of someone who is not fighting, who is without a weapon, who turns away, who runs away, or who approaches for shelter with folded hands, having surrendered.

त्वया चैव व्रतं पार्थ बालेनैव कृतं पुरा। तस्मादधर्मसंयुक्तं मौढ्यात्कर्म व्यवस्यसि ॥८-४९-२३॥

tvayā caiva vrataṃ pārtha bālenaiva kṛtaṃ purā। tasmādadharmasaṃyuktaṃ mauḍhyātkarma vyavasyasi ॥8-49-23॥

[त्वया (tvayā) - by you; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; व्रतम् (vratam) - vow; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; बालेन (bālena) - as a child; एव (eva) - indeed; कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; पुरा (purā) - in the past; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अधर्मसंयुक्तम् (adharmasaṃyuktam) - connected with unrighteousness; मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - out of foolishness; कर्म (karma) - action; व्यवस्यसि (vyavasyasi) - you decide;]

(By you, indeed, a vow, O son of Pritha, was made as a child in the past. Therefore, out of foolishness, you decide on an action connected with unrighteousness.)

O son of Pritha, you made a vow as a child in the past. Therefore, out of foolishness, you are deciding on an action that is connected with unrighteousness.

स गुरुं पार्थ कस्मात्त्वं हन्या धर्ममनुस्मरन्। असम्प्रधार्य धर्माणां गतिं सूक्ष्मां दुरन्वयाम् ॥८-४९-२४॥

sa guruṃ pārtha kasmāttvaṃ hanyā dharmamanusmaran। asampradhārya dharmāṇāṃ gatiṃ sūkṣmāṃ duranvayām ॥8-49-24॥

[स (sa) - he; गुरुं (guruṃ) - teacher; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; हन्या (hanyā) - would kill; धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty; अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering; असम्प्रधार्य (asampradhārya) - without considering; धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of duties; गतिं (gatiṃ) - path; सूक्ष्माम् (sūkṣmām) - subtle; दुरन्वयाम् (duranvayām) - difficult to understand;]

(He, O son of Pritha, why would you kill the teacher, remembering duty, without considering the subtle and difficult to understand path of duties?)

O son of Pritha, why would you kill your teacher while remembering your duty, without considering the subtle and complex path of righteousness?

इदं धर्मरहस्यं च वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ। यद्ब्रूयात्तव भीष्मो वा धर्मज्ञो वा युधिष्ठिरः ॥८-४९-२५॥

idaṁ dharmarahasyaṁ ca vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha। yadbrūyāttava bhīṣmo vā dharmajño vā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ॥8-49-25॥

[इदं (idaṁ) - this; धर्मरहस्यं (dharmarahasyaṁ) - secret of dharma; च (ca) - and; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; यत् (yat) - which; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would tell; तव (tava) - your; भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma; वा (vā) - or; धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of dharma; वा (vā) - or; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira;]

(This secret of dharma I will tell, O best of the Bharatas, which your Bhishma or the knower of dharma, Yudhishthira, would tell.)

I will reveal to you, O best of the Bharatas, this secret of dharma, which either Bhishma or Yudhishthira, the knower of dharma, would convey to you.

विदुरो वा तथा क्षत्ता कुन्ती वापि यशस्विनी। तत्ते वक्ष्यामि तत्त्वेन तन्निबोध धनञ्जय ॥८-४९-२६॥

viduro vā tathā kṣattā kuntī vāpi yaśasvinī। tatte vakṣyāmi tattvena tannibodha dhanañjaya ॥8-49-26॥

[विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura; वा (vā) - or; तथा (tathā) - also; क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - minister; कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kunti; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - illustrious; तत् (tat) - that; ते (te) - to you; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - Dhananjaya;]

(Vidura or also the minister, Kunti or also the illustrious one. That I will tell you truly, understand that, Dhananjaya.)

Vidura, the minister, or the illustrious Kunti, I will tell you the truth about that, understand it, Dhananjaya.

सत्यस्य वचनं साधु न सत्याद्विद्यते परम्। तत्त्वेनैतत्सुदुर्ज्ञेयं यस्य सत्यमनुष्ठितम् ॥८-४९-२७॥

satyasya vacanaṁ sādhu na satyādvidyate param। tattvenaitatsudurjñeyaṁ yasya satyamanuṣṭhitam ॥8-49-27॥

[सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth; वचनं (vacanaṁ) - speech; साधु (sādhu) - good; न (na) - not; सत्यात् (satyāt) - than truth; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; परम् (param) - higher; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in reality; एतत् (etat) - this; सुदुर्ज्ञेयम् (sudurjñeyam) - very difficult to understand; यस्य (yasya) - whose; सत्यं (satyam) - truth; अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - is practiced;]

(The speech of truth is good; nothing is higher than truth. In reality, this is very difficult to understand, whose truth is practiced.)

The speech of truth is virtuous; nothing surpasses truth. In essence, it is very difficult to comprehend for one who practices truth.

भवेत्सत्यमवक्तव्यं वक्तव्यमनृतं भवेत्। सर्वस्वस्यापहारे तु वक्तव्यमनृतं भवेत् ॥८-४९-२८॥

bhavetsatyamavaktavyaṃ vaktavyamanṛtaṃ bhavet। sarvasvasyāpahāre tu vaktavyamanṛtaṃ bhavet ॥8-49-28॥

[भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; अवक्तव्यम् (avaktavyam) - not to be spoken; वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - to be spoken; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; सर्वस्वस्य (sarvasvasya) - of all possessions; अपहारे (apahāre) - in the case of theft; तु (tu) - but; वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - to be spoken; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]

(Truth should not be spoken, falsehood should be spoken. But in the case of theft of all possessions, falsehood should be spoken.)

Truth should not be spoken when it leads to harm, but in the case of theft of all possessions, speaking falsehood is justified.

प्राणात्यये विवाहे च वक्तव्यमनृतं भवेत्। यत्रानृतं भवेत्सत्यं सत्यं चाप्यनृतं भवेत् ॥८-४९-२९॥

prāṇātyaye vivāhe ca vaktavyamanṛtaṃ bhavet। yatrānṛtaṃ bhavetsatyaṃ satyaṃ cāpyanṛtaṃ bhavet ॥8-49-29॥

[प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in a life-threatening situation; विवाहे (vivāhe) - in marriage; च (ca) - and; वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; यत्र (yatra) - where; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अनृतं (anṛtaṃ) - falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be;]

(In a life-threatening situation and in marriage, falsehood may be spoken. Where falsehood may be truth, and truth also may be falsehood.)

In situations of life and death or marriage, it is permissible to speak falsehoods. In such contexts, what is false may be considered true, and what is true may also be considered false.

तादृशं पश्यते बालो यस्य सत्यमनुष्ठितम्। सत्यानृते विनिश्चित्य ततो भवति धर्मवित् ॥८-४९-३०॥

tādṛśaṃ paśyate bālo yasya satyamanuṣṭhitam। satyānṛte viniścitya tato bhavati dharmavit ॥8-49-30॥

[तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such; पश्यते (paśyate) - sees; बालः (bālaḥ) - child; यस्य (yasya) - whose; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - practiced; सत्य-अनृते (satya-anṛte) - truth and untruth; विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having determined; ततः (tataḥ) - then; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma;]

(A child sees such a person whose truth is practiced. Having determined truth and untruth, then he becomes a knower of dharma.)

A child perceives someone whose truth is upheld. By discerning between truth and falsehood, he becomes wise in the ways of dharma.

किमाश्चर्यं कृतप्रज्ञः पुरुषोऽपि सुदारुणः। सुमहत्प्राप्नुयात्पुण्यं बलाकोऽन्धवधादिव ॥८-४९-३१॥

kimāścaryaṃ kṛtaprajñaḥ puruṣo'pi sudāruṇaḥ। sumahatprāpnuyātpuṇyaṃ balāko'ndhavadhādiva ॥8-49-31॥

[किम् (kim) - what; आश्चर्यं (āścaryaṃ) - wonder; कृतप्रज्ञः (kṛtaprajñaḥ) - wise; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; अपि (api) - even; सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - very cruel; सुमहत् (sumahat) - great; प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may obtain; पुण्यं (puṇyaṃ) - merit; बलाकः (balākaḥ) - crane; अन्धवधात् (andhavadhāt) - from killing the blind; इव (iva) - like;]

(What wonder, even a wise man may be very cruel; like a crane may obtain great merit from killing the blind.)

It is astonishing that even a wise man can be very cruel, just as a crane might gain great merit from killing the blind.

किमाश्चर्यं पुनर्मूढो धर्मकामोऽप्यपण्डितः। सुमहत्प्राप्नुयात्पापमापगामिव कौशिकः ॥८-४९-३२॥

kimāścaryaṃ punarmūḍho dharmakāmo'pyapaṇḍitaḥ। sumahatprāpnuyātpāpamāpagāmiva kauśikaḥ ॥8-49-32॥

[किम् (kim) - what; आश्चर्यं (āścaryaṃ) - wonder; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish; धर्मकामः (dharmakāmaḥ) - desirous of righteousness; अपि (api) - even; अपण्डितः (apaṇḍitaḥ) - unwise; सुमहत् (sumahat) - great; प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may obtain; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; आपगाम् (āpagām) - river; इव (iva) - like; कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kausika;]

(What wonder, again the foolish, desirous of righteousness, even unwise, may obtain great sin like a river, Kausika.)

What a wonder it is that even a foolish and unwise person like Kausika, who desires righteousness, may end up committing great sins, just like a river flows.

अर्जुन उवाच॥

arjuna uvāca॥

[अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Arjuna said:)

Arjuna said:

आचक्ष्व भगवन्नेतद्यथा विद्यामहं तथा। बलाकान्धाभिसम्बद्धं नदीनां कौशिकस्य च ॥८-४९-३३॥

ācakṣva bhagavannetadyathā vidyāmahaṃ tathā। balākāndhābhisambaddhaṃ nadīnāṃ kauśikasya ca ॥8-49-33॥

[आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell; भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; एतत् (etat) - this; यथा (yathā) - as; विद्याम् (vidyām) - I may know; अहम् (aham) - I; तथा (tathā) - so; बलाकान्ध (balākāndha) - blind crane; अभिसम्बद्धम् (abhisambaddham) - connected; नदीनाम् (nadīnām) - of the rivers; कौशिकस्य (kauśikasya) - of Kauśika; च (ca) - and;]

(Tell, O Lord, this as I may know, so connected with the blind crane and the rivers of Kauśika.)

O Lord, please tell me how I may understand this, related to the blind crane and the rivers of Kauśika.

कृष्ण उवाच॥

kṛṣṇa uvāca॥

[कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - Krishna; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Krishna said:)

Krishna spoke:

मृगव्याधोऽभवत्कश्चिद्बलाको नाम भारत। यात्रार्थं पुत्रदारस्य मृगान्हन्ति न कामतः ॥८-४९-३४॥

mṛgavyādho'bhavatkaścidbalāko nāma bhārata। yātrārthaṃ putradārasya mṛgānhanti na kāmataḥ ॥8-49-34॥

[मृगव्याधः (mṛgavyādhaḥ) - hunter of deer; अभवत् (abhavat) - was; कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain; बलाकः (balākaḥ) - Balaka; नाम (nāma) - by name; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; यात्रार्थम् (yātrārtham) - for the purpose of a journey; पुत्रदारस्य (putradārasya) - of his son and wife; मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; न (na) - not; कामतः (kāmataḥ) - out of desire;]

(There was a certain hunter of deer named Balaka, O Bharata. He kills deer for the purpose of a journey for his son and wife, not out of desire.)

There was a hunter named Balaka, O Bharata, who hunted deer not out of desire but to provide for his family during their journey.

सोऽन्धौ च मातापितरौ बिभर्त्यन्यांश्च संश्रितान्। स्वधर्मनिरतो नित्यं सत्यवागनसूयकः ॥८-४९-३५॥

so'ndhau ca mātā-pitarau bibharty-anyāṁś ca saṁśritān। svadharma-nirato nityaṁ satya-vāg-anasūyakaḥ ॥8-49-35॥

[सः (saḥ) - he; अन्धौ (andhau) - blind; च (ca) - and; माता (mātā) - mother; पितरौ (pitarau) - father; बिभर्ति (bibharti) - supports; अन्यान् (anyān) - others; च (ca) - and; संश्रितान् (saṁśritān) - dependents; स्वधर्म (svadharma) - own duty; निरतः (nirataḥ) - engaged; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; सत्य (satya) - truthful; वाक् (vāk) - speech; अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - without envy;]

(He supports his blind mother and father and other dependents. Always engaged in his own duty, he is truthful in speech and without envy.)

He takes care of his blind parents and other dependents, always devoted to his duties, speaking the truth and free from envy.

स कदाचिन्मृगाँल्लिप्सुर्नान्वविन्दत्प्रयत्नवान्। अथापश्यत्स पीतोदं श्वापदं घ्राणचक्षुषम् ॥८-४९-३६॥

sa kadācin mṛgāṁl lipsur nānvavindat prayatnavān। athāpaśyat sa pītodaṁ śvāpadaṁ ghrāṇacakṣuṣam ॥8-49-36॥

[स (sa) - he; कदाचित् (kadācit) - once; मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer; लिप्सुः (lipsuḥ) - desiring; न (na) - not; अन्वविन्दत् (anvavindat) - found; प्रयत्नवान् (prayatnavān) - despite effort; अथ (atha) - then; अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw; सः (saḥ) - he; पीत-उदं (pīta-udaṁ) - drinking water; श्वापदम् (śvāpadam) - wild animal; घ्राण-चक्षुषम् (ghrāṇa-cakṣuṣam) - with nose and eyes;]

(He once desired deer but did not find them despite effort. Then he saw a wild animal drinking water with nose and eyes.)

Once, he desired to catch deer but could not find them despite his efforts. Then he saw a wild animal drinking water, using its nose and eyes.

अदृष्टपूर्वमपि तत्सत्त्वं तेन हतं तदा। अन्वेव च ततो व्योम्नः पुष्पवर्षमवापतत् ॥८-४९-३७॥

adṛṣṭapūrvamapi tatsattvaṃ tena hataṃ tadā। anveva ca tato vyomnaḥ puṣpavarṣamavāpatat ॥8-49-37॥

[अदृष्ट (adṛṣṭa) - unseen; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; अपि (api) - even; तत् (tat) - that; सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - being; तेन (tena) - by him; हतम् (hatam) - killed; तदा (tadā) - then; अनु (anu) - after; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - from there; व्योम्नः (vyomnaḥ) - from the sky; पुष्पवर्षम् (puṣpavarṣam) - flower rain; अवापतत् (avāpatat) - fell;]

(Then that being, unseen before, was killed by him. And indeed, after that, a shower of flowers fell from the sky.)

The being, which had never been seen before, was slain by him at that moment. Following this, a rain of flowers descended from the heavens.

अप्सरोगीतवादित्रैर्नादितं च मनोरमम्। विमानमागमत्स्वर्गान्मृगव्याधनिनीषया ॥८-४९-३८॥

apsarogītavāditrairnāditaṃ ca manoramam। vimānamāgamatsvargānmṛgavyādhaninīṣayā ॥8-49-38॥

[अप्सरः (apsaraḥ) - celestial nymph; गीत (gīta) - song; वादित्रैः (vāditraiḥ) - musical instruments; नादितं (nāditaṃ) - resounded; च (ca) - and; मनोरमम् (manoramam) - pleasant; विमानम् (vimānam) - chariot; आगमत् (āgamat) - came; स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven; मृग (mṛga) - deer; व्याध (vyādha) - hunter; निनीषया (ninīṣayā) - with the intention;]

(The chariot, resounded by the songs and musical instruments of celestial nymphs, came from heaven with the intention of hunting deer.)

The chariot, filled with the enchanting music and songs of celestial nymphs, descended from heaven with the purpose of hunting deer.

तद्भूतं सर्वभूतानामभावाय किलार्जुन। तपस्तप्त्वा वरं प्राप्तं कृतमन्धं स्वयम्भुवा ॥८-४९-३९॥

tadbhūtaṃ sarvabhūtānāmabhāvāya kilārjuna। tapastaptvā varaṃ prāptaṃ kṛtamandhaṃ svayambhuvā ॥8-49-39॥

[तत् (tat) - that; भूतं (bhūtaṃ) - being; सर्व (sarva) - all; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; अभावाय (abhāvāya) - for destruction; किल (kila) - indeed; अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna; तपः (tapaḥ) - penance; तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed; वरं (varaṃ) - boon; प्राप्तं (prāptaṃ) - obtained; कृतमन्धं (kṛtamandhaṃ) - made blind; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the self-existent;]

(That being, indeed, Arjuna, for the destruction of all beings, having performed penance, obtained a boon, made blind by the self-existent.)

Indeed, Arjuna, that being performed penance and obtained a boon for the destruction of all beings, and was made blind by the self-existent.

तद्धत्वा सर्वभूतानामभावकृतनिश्चयम्। ततो बलाकः स्वरगादेवं धर्मः सुदुर्विदः ॥८-४९-४०॥

taddhatvā sarvabhūtānāmabhāvakṛtaniścayam। tato balākaḥ svaragādevaṃ dharmaḥ sudurvidaḥ ॥8-49-40॥

[तत् (tat) - that; हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; सर्व (sarva) - all; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; अभाव (abhāva) - non-existence; कृत (kṛta) - made; निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty; ततः (tataḥ) - then; बलाकः (balākaḥ) - Balaka; स्वरगात् (svaragāt) - from heaven; एवम् (evam) - thus; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सुदुर्विदः (sudurvidaḥ) - hard to understand;]

(Having killed that, which made the non-existence of all beings certain, then Balaka thus came from heaven, dharma is hard to understand.)

After killing that which ensured the non-existence of all beings, Balaka descended from heaven, realizing that dharma is indeed hard to comprehend.

कौशिकोऽप्यभवद्विप्रस्तपस्वी न बहुश्रुतः। नदीनां सङ्गमे ग्रामाददूरे स किलावसत् ॥८-४९-४१॥

kauśiko'pyabhavadviprastapasvī na bahuśrutaḥ। nadīnāṃ saṅgame grāmādadūre sa kilāvasat ॥8-49-41॥

[कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kausika; अपि (api) - also; अभवत् (abhavat) - was; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin; तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic; न (na) - not; बहुश्रुतः (bahuśrutaḥ) - well-learned; नदीनाम् (nadīnām) - of rivers; सङ्गमे (saṅgame) - at the confluence; ग्रामात् (grāmāt) - from the village; अदूरे (adūre) - not far; सः (saḥ) - he; किल (kila) - indeed; अवसत् (avasat) - lived;]

(Kausika also was a Brahmin ascetic, not well-learned. He indeed lived not far from the village at the confluence of rivers.)

Kausika, though a Brahmin and an ascetic, was not well-learned. He lived near the village at the confluence of rivers.

सत्यं मया सदा वाच्यमिति तस्याभवद्व्रतम्। सत्यवादीति विख्यातः स तदासीद्धनञ्जय ॥८-४९-४२॥

satyaṁ mayā sadā vācyamiti tasyābhavadvratam। satyavādīti vikhyātaḥ sa tadāsīddhanañjaya ॥8-49-42॥

[सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth; मया (mayā) - by me; सदा (sadā) - always; वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken; इति (iti) - thus; तस्य (tasya) - his; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; व्रतम् (vratam) - vow; सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker; इति (iti) - thus; विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - famous; सः (saḥ) - he; तदा (tadā) - then; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya;]

(Truth was always to be spoken by me, thus it became his vow. He was then known as a truth-speaker, Dhananjaya.)

Dhananjaya had a vow that he would always speak the truth. Thus, he became famous as a truth-speaker.

अथ दस्युभयात्केचित्तदा तद्वनमाविशन्। दस्यवोऽपि गताः क्रूरा व्यमार्गन्त प्रयत्नतः ॥८-४९-४३॥

atha dasyubhayāt kecit tadā tad vanam āviśan। dasyavo'pi gatāḥ krūrā vyamārganta prayatnataḥ ॥8-49-43॥

[अथ (atha) - then; दस्यु-भयात् (dasyu-bhayāt) - from fear of robbers; केचित् (kecit) - some; तदा (tadā) - then; तत् (tat) - that; वनम् (vanam) - forest; आविशन् (āviśan) - entered; दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - robbers; अपि (api) - also; गताः (gatāḥ) - went; क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel; व्यमार्गन्त (vyamārganta) - searched; प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - diligently;]

(Then, from fear of robbers, some entered that forest. The cruel robbers also went and searched diligently.)

Then, due to the fear of robbers, some people entered the forest. The cruel robbers also went there and searched diligently.

अथ कौशिकमभ्येत्य प्राहुस्तं सत्यवादिनम्। कतमेन पथा याता भगवन्बहवो जनाः ॥ सत्येन पृष्टः प्रब्रूहि यदि तान्वेत्थ शंस नः ॥८-४९-४४॥

atha kauśikam-abhyetya prāhus-taṃ satyavādinam। katamena pathā yātā bhagavan-bahavo janāḥ ॥ satyena pṛṣṭaḥ prabrūhi yadi tān-vettha śaṃsa naḥ ॥8-49-44॥

[अथ (atha) - then; कौशिकम् (kauśikam) - to Kaushika; अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - approaching; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - said; तम् (tam) - to him; सत्यवादिनम् (satyavādinam) - truthful one; कतमे (katamena) - by which; पथा (pathā) - path; याताः (yātāḥ) - gone; भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; सत्येन (satyena) - truthfully; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - tell; यदि (yadi) - if; तान् (tān) - them; वेत्थ (vettha) - you know; शंस (śaṃsa) - inform; नः (naḥ) - us;]

(Then, approaching Kaushika, they said to him, the truthful one: "O Lord, by which path have many people gone? Truthfully asked, tell us if you know them.")

Then, they approached Kaushika and said to him, "O truthful one, please tell us by which path many people have gone, if you know, truthfully inform us."

स पृष्टः कौशिकः सत्यं वचनं तानुवाच ह। बहुवृक्षलतागुल्ममेतद्वनमुपाश्रिताः ॥ ततस्ते तान्समासाद्य क्रूरा जघ्नुरिति श्रुतिः ॥८-४९-४५॥

sa pṛṣṭaḥ kauśikaḥ satyaṃ vacanaṃ tānuvāca ha। bahuvṛkṣalatāgulmametadvanamupāśritāḥ ॥ tataste tānsamāsādya krūrā jaghnuriti śrutiḥ ॥8-49-45॥

[स (sa) - he; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kausika; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; वचनं (vacanaṃ) - words; तान् (tān) - them; उवाच (uvāca) - said; ह (ha) - indeed; बहु (bahu) - many; वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) - trees; लता (latā) - creepers; गुल्म (gulma) - bushes; एतत् (etat) - this; वनम् (vanam) - forest; उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - sheltered; ततः (tataḥ) - then; ते (te) - they; तान् (tān) - them; समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached; क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel ones; जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - killed; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - it is heard;]

(He, Kausika, having been asked, indeed spoke the truth to them: "This forest, with many trees, creepers, and bushes, is where they are sheltered." Then, having approached them, the cruel ones killed them, thus it is heard.)

Kausika, when asked, truthfully told them that the forest, dense with trees, creepers, and bushes, was their refuge. Consequently, the cruel ones found them and killed them, as the story goes.

तेनाधर्मेण महता वाग्दुरुक्तेन कौशिकः। गतः सुकष्टं नरकं सूक्ष्मधर्मेष्वकोविदः ॥ अप्रभूतश्रुतो मूढो धर्माणामविभागवित् ॥८-४९-४६॥

tenādharmeṇa mahatā vāgduruktena kauśikaḥ। gataḥ sukaṣṭaṃ narakaṃ sūkṣmadharmeṣvakovidaḥ ॥ aprabhūtaśruto mūḍho dharmāṇāmavibhāgavit ॥8-49-46॥

[तेन (tena) - by that; अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness; महता (mahatā) - great; वाक्-दुरुक्तेन (vāk-duruktena) - by evil speech; कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kausika; गतः (gataḥ) - went; सुकष्टं (sukaṣṭaṃ) - to severe suffering; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; सूक्ष्म-धर्मेषु (sūkṣma-dharmeṣu) - in subtle duties; अ-कोविदः (a-kovidaḥ) - unskilled; अप्रभूत-श्रुतः (aprabhūta-śrutaḥ) - of little learning; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish; धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of duties; अविभाग-वित् (avibhāga-vit) - ignorant of distinctions;]

(By that great unrighteousness and evil speech, Kausika went to severe suffering in hell, unskilled in subtle duties, of little learning, foolish, and ignorant of distinctions of duties.)

Due to his great unrighteousness and evil speech, Kausika, who was unskilled in subtle duties and ignorant of the distinctions of duties, suffered greatly in hell, being of little learning and foolish.

वृद्धानपृष्ट्वा संदेहं महच्छ्वभ्रमितोऽर्हति। तत्र ते लक्षणोद्देशः कश्चिदेव भविष्यति ॥८-४९-४७॥

vṛddhānapṛṣṭvā saṃdehaṃ mahacchvabhramito'rhati। tatra te lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ kaścideva bhaviṣyati ॥8-49-47॥

[वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders; अपृष्ट्वा (apṛṣṭvā) - without asking; संदेहं (saṃdehaṃ) - doubt; महत् (mahat) - great; श्वभ्रमितः (śvabhramitaḥ) - confused; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; तत्र (tatra) - there; ते (te) - your; लक्षणोद्देशः (lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ) - description of characteristics; कश्चित् (kaścit) - some; एव (eva) - indeed; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be;]

(Without asking the elders, one deserves great confusion. There, your description of characteristics will indeed be some.)

Without consulting the elders, one is bound to be greatly confused. There, you will indeed have some description of the characteristics.

दुष्करं परमज्ञानं तर्केणात्र व्यवस्यति। श्रुतिर्धर्म इति ह्येके वदन्ति बहवो जनाः ॥८-४९-४८॥

duṣkaraṃ paramajñānaṃ tarkeṇātra vyavasyati। śrutirdharma iti hyeke vadanti bahavo janāḥ ॥8-49-48॥

[दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult; परम् (param) - supreme; ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge; तर्केण (tarkeṇa) - by reasoning; अत्र (atra) - here; व्यवस्यति (vyavasyati) - decides; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - Vedas; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; इति (iti) - thus; हि (hi) - indeed; एके (eke) - some; वदन्ति (vadanti) - say; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]

(The supreme knowledge is difficult to ascertain here by reasoning. Some say that the Vedas are indeed the duty, many people say so.)

The supreme knowledge is challenging to determine through reasoning alone. Some assert that the Vedas represent duty, and this is a belief held by many people.

न त्वेतत्प्रतिसूयामि न हि सर्वं विधीयते। प्रभवार्थाय भूतानां धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम् ॥८-४९-४९॥

na tvetatpratisūyāmi na hi sarvaṁ vidhīyate। prabhavārthāya bhūtānāṁ dharmapravacanaṁ kṛtam ॥8-49-49॥

[न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; एतत् (etat) - this; प्रतिसूयामि (pratisūyāmi) - I reveal; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is ordained; प्रभवार्थाय (prabhavārthāya) - for the purpose of creation; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; धर्मप्रवचनम् (dharmapravacanam) - the discourse on dharma; कृतम् (kṛtam) - is done;]

(But I do not reveal this, for not everything is ordained. The discourse on dharma is done for the purpose of creation of beings.)

"But I do not reveal this, as not everything is predetermined. The teachings on dharma are given for the creation and purpose of beings."

धारणाद्धर्ममित्याहुर्धर्मो धारयति प्रजाः। यः स्याद्धारणसंयुक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥८-४९-५०॥

dhāraṇāddharmamityāhurdharmo dhārayati prajāḥ। yaḥ syāddhāraṇasaṃyuktaḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ ॥8-49-50॥

[धारणात् (dhāraṇāt) - from sustaining; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; इति (iti) - thus; आहु: (āhuḥ) - they say; धर्म: (dharmaḥ) - dharma; धारयति (dhārayati) - sustains; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings; यः (yaḥ) - which; स्यात् (syāt) - is; धारण (dhāraṇa) - sustaining; संयुक्तः (saṃyuktaḥ) - associated; सः (saḥ) - that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty;]

(From sustaining, it is said, dharma sustains beings. That which is associated with sustaining is certainly dharma.)

"Dharma" is so called because it sustains; dharma supports all beings. That which is associated with sustaining is certainly dharma.

येऽन्यायेन जिहीर्षन्तो जना इच्छन्ति कर्हिचित्। अकूजनेन चेन्मोक्षो नात्र कूजेत्कथञ्चन ॥८-४९-५१॥

ye'nyāyena jihīrṣanto janā icchanti karhicit। akūjanena cenmokṣo nātra kūjetkathaṃcana ॥8-49-51॥

[ये (ye) - those who; अन्यायेन (anyāyena) - unjustly; जिहीर्षन्तः (jihīrṣantaḥ) - desiring to conquer; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - wish; कर्हिचित् (karhicit) - sometimes; अकूजनेन (akūjanena) - without making noise; चेत् (cet) - if; मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; कूजेत् (kūjet) - should make noise; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way;]

(Those who unjustly desire to conquer people sometimes wish for liberation without making noise; if liberation is not here, one should not make noise in any way.)

Those who wish to conquer others unjustly sometimes desire liberation without making any noise. If liberation is not achieved here, one should not make noise in any way.

अवश्यं कूजितव्यं वा शङ्केरन्वाप्यकूजतः। श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं सत्यादिति विचारितम् ॥८-४९-५२॥

avaśyaṃ kūjitavyaṃ vā śaṅkeranvāpyakūjataḥ। śreyastatrānṛtaṃ vaktuṃ satyāditi vicāritam ॥8-49-52॥

[अवश्यं (avaśyam) - certainly; कूजितव्यं (kūjitavyam) - must be spoken; वा (vā) - or; शङ्केरन् (śaṅkeran) - doubt; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अकूजतः (akūjataḥ) - not spoken; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - better; तत्र (tatra) - there; अनृतं (anṛtam) - falsehood; वक्तुं (vaktuṃ) - to speak; सत्यात् (satyāt) - than truth; इति (iti) - thus; विचारितम् (vicāritam) - considered;]

(Certainly, it must be spoken or doubted, even if not spoken. There, it is considered better to speak falsehood than truth.)

It is considered that sometimes it is better to speak a falsehood than the truth, especially when silence or doubt prevails.

प्राणात्यये विवाहे वा सर्वज्ञातिधनक्षये। नर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्ते वा प्रवक्तव्यं मृषा भवेत् ॥ अधर्मं नात्र पश्यन्ति धर्मतत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः ॥८-४९-५३॥

prāṇātyaye vivāhe vā sarvajñātidhanakṣaye। narmaṇyabhipravṛtte vā pravaktavyaṃ mṛṣā bhavet ॥ adharmaṃ nātra paśyanti dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ ॥8-49-53॥

[प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in danger of life; विवाहे (vivāhe) - in marriage; वा (vā) - or; सर्वज्ञातिधनक्षये (sarvajñātidhanakṣaye) - in total loss of wealth of relatives; नर्मणि (narmaṇi) - in jest; अभिप्रवृत्ते (abhipravṛtte) - engaged in; वा (vā) - or; प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - to be spoken; मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; धर्मतत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः (dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ) - those who see the essence of righteousness;]

(In danger of life, in marriage, or in total loss of wealth of relatives, or engaged in jest, it may be spoken falsely. Here, those who see the essence of righteousness do not see unrighteousness.)

In situations of life danger, marriage, or complete loss of relatives' wealth, or when engaged in jest, speaking falsely may be permissible. Those who understand the essence of righteousness do not see it as unrighteous here.

यः स्तेनैः सह सम्बन्धान्मुच्यते शपथैरपि। श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं तत्सत्यमविचारितम् ॥८-४९-५४॥

yaḥ stenaiḥ saha sambandhān mucyate śapathair api। śreyas tatrānṛtaṃ vaktuṃ tat satyam avicāritam ॥8-49-54॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; स्तेनैः (stenaiḥ) - with thieves; सह (saha) - together; सम्बन्धात् (sambandhāt) - from association; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is freed; शपथैः (śapathaiḥ) - by oaths; अपि (api) - even; श्रेयः (śreyas) - better; तत्र (tatra) - there; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; तत् (tat) - that; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; अविचारितम् (avicāritam) - without consideration;]

(He who is freed from association with thieves, even by oaths, it is better there to speak falsehood than that truth without consideration.)

It is better for one who is freed from association with thieves, even by taking oaths, to speak falsehood there than to speak a truth that is not considered.

न च तेभ्यो धनं देयं शक्ये सति कथञ्चन। पापेभ्यो हि धनं दत्तं दातारमपि पीडयेत् ॥ तस्माद्धर्मार्थमनृतमुक्त्वा नानृतवाग्भवेत् ॥८-४९-५५॥

na ca tebhyo dhanaṃ deyaṃ śakye sati kathaṃcana। pāpebhyo hi dhanaṃ dattaṃ dātāramapi pīḍayet ॥ tasmāddharmārthamanṛtamuktvā nānṛtavāgbhavet ॥8-49-55॥

[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; शक्ये (śakye) - possible; सति (sati) - being; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way; पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - to the wicked; हि (hi) - indeed; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver; अपि (api) - also; पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - afflicts; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of righteousness; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; न (na) - not; अनृतवाक् (anṛtavāk) - speaker of falsehood; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become;]

(And wealth should not be given to them in any way if possible. Indeed, wealth given to the wicked also afflicts the giver. Therefore, having spoken falsehood for the sake of righteousness, one should not become a speaker of falsehood.)

Wealth should never be given to the wicked, as it harms even the giver. Therefore, one should not speak falsehood, even for the sake of righteousness.

एष ते लक्षणोद्देशः समुद्दिष्टो यथाविधि। एतच्छ्रुत्वा ब्रूहि पार्थ यदि वध्यो युधिष्ठिरः ॥८-४९-५६॥

eṣa te lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ samuddiṣṭo yathāvidhi। etacchrutvā brūhi pārtha yadi vadhyo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ॥8-49-56॥

[एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; ते (te) - your; लक्षणोद्देशः (lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ) - description of characteristics; समुद्दिष्टः (samuddiṣṭaḥ) - explained; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule; एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; यदि (yadi) - if; वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira;]

(This description of characteristics has been explained to you according to rule. Having heard this, tell me, O son of Pritha, if Yudhishthira is to be killed.)

This is the description of the characteristics as explained according to the rules. After hearing this, tell me, O Arjuna, if Yudhishthira should be killed.

अर्जुन उवाच॥

arjuna uvāca॥

[अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Arjuna said:)

Arjuna said:

यथा ब्रूयान्महाप्राज्ञो यथा ब्रूयान्महामतिः। हितं चैव यथास्माकं तथैतद्वचनं तव ॥८-४९-५७॥

yathā brūyān mahāprājño yathā brūyān mahāmatiḥ। hitaṃ caiva yathāsmākaṃ tathaitad vacanaṃ tava ॥8-49-57॥

[यथा (yathā) - as; ब्रूयान् (brūyān) - should speak; महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - greatly wise; यथा (yathā) - as; ब्रूयान् (brūyān) - should speak; महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - great intellect; हितम् (hitam) - benefit; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यथा (yathā) - as; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; तथा (tathā) - so; एतत् (etat) - this; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; तव (tava) - your;]

(As the greatly wise should speak, as the great intellect should speak, indeed for our benefit, so is this your speech.)

The greatly wise and the great intellect should speak in a manner that is beneficial to us, and so is your speech.

भवान्मातृसमोऽस्माकं तथा पितृसमोऽपि च। गतिश्च परमा कृष्ण तेन ते वाक्यमद्भुतम् ॥८-४९-५८॥

bhavān mātṛsamo'smākaṃ tathā pitṛsamo'pi ca। gatiśca paramā kṛṣṇa tena te vākyam adbhutam ॥8-49-58॥

[भवान् (bhavān) - you; मातृसमः (mātṛsamaḥ) - like a mother; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - to us; तथा (tathā) - and; पितृसमः (pitṛsamaḥ) - like a father; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge; च (ca) - and; परमा (paramā) - supreme; कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna; तेन (tena) - therefore; ते (te) - your; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words; अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful;]

(You are like a mother to us, and also like a father. O Krishna, you are the supreme refuge, therefore your words are wonderful.)

You are as dear to us as a mother and a father, O Krishna, and you are our supreme refuge. Therefore, your words are truly wonderful.

न हि ते त्रिषु लोकेषु विद्यतेऽविदितं क्वचित्। तस्माद्भवान्परं धर्मं वेद सर्वं यथातथम् ॥८-४९-५९॥

na hi te triṣu lokeṣu vidyate'viditaṃ kvacit। tasmādbhavānparaṃ dharmaṃ veda sarvaṃ yathātatham ॥8-49-59॥

[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; ते (te) - your; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in worlds; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; अविदितं (aviditaṃ) - unknown; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; भवान् (bhavān) - you; परं (paraṃ) - supreme; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; वेद (veda) - know; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; यथातथम् (yathātatham) - as it is;]

(Indeed, there is nothing unknown to you in the three worlds. Therefore, you know all supreme duty as it is.)

"There is nothing unknown to you in all the three worlds. Hence, you understand the supreme duty in its entirety."

अवध्यं पाण्डवं मन्ये धर्मराजं युधिष्ठिरम्। तस्मिन्समयसंयोगे ब्रूहि किञ्चिदनुग्रहम् ॥ इदं चापरमत्रैव शृणु हृत्स्थं विवक्षितम् ॥८-४९-६०॥

avadhyaṁ pāṇḍavaṁ manye dharmarājaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram। tasminsamayasaṁyoge brūhi kiñcidanugraham ॥ idaṁ cāparamatraiva śṛṇu hṛtsthaṁ vivakṣitam ॥8-49-60॥

[अवध्यं (avadhyam) - invincible; पाण्डवं (pāṇḍavam) - Pandava; मन्ये (manye) - I think; धर्मराजं (dharmarājam) - Dharmaraja; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; समयसंयोगे (samayasaṁyoge) - conjunction of time; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak; किञ्चिद् (kiñcid) - some; अनुग्रहम् (anugraham) - favor; इदं (idam) - this; च (ca) - and; अपरम् (aparam) - another; अत्र (atra) - here; एव (eva) - indeed; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; हृत्स्थं (hṛtstham) - in the heart; विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - intended;]

(I think the Pandava Yudhishthira is invincible Dharmaraja. In that conjunction of time, speak some favor. And here indeed, listen to another intended in the heart.)

I believe that the Pandava Yudhishthira, the righteous king, is invincible. At that opportune moment, please express some favor. Also, here, listen to another thought that is intended from the heart.

जानासि दाशार्ह मम व्रतं त्वं; यो मां ब्रूयात्कश्चन मानुषेषु। अन्यस्मै त्वं गाण्डिवं देहि पार्थ; यस्त्वत्तोऽस्त्रैर्भविता वा विशिष्टः ॥८-४९-६१॥

jānāsi dāśārha mama vrataṃ tvaṃ; yo māṃ brūyātkaścana mānuṣeṣu। anyasmai tvaṃ gāṇḍivaṃ dehi pārtha; yastvatto'strairbhavitā vā viśiṣṭaḥ ॥8-49-61॥

[जानासि (jānāsi) - you know; दाशार्ह (dāśārha) - O descendant of the Daśārha dynasty; मम (mama) - my; व्रतं (vrataṃ) - vow; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; यः (yaḥ) - who; माम् (mām) - me; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would say; कश्चन (kaścana) - anyone; मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among men; अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; गाण्डिवं (gāṇḍivam) - Gāṇḍiva bow; देहि (dehi) - give; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā; यः (yaḥ) - who; त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - than you; अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - with weapons; भविता (bhavitā) - will be; वा (vā) - or; विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - superior;]

(You know, O descendant of the Daśārha dynasty, my vow; whoever among men would say to me, "Give the Gāṇḍiva bow to another, O son of Pṛthā," who will be superior to you with weapons.)

You are aware, O descendant of the Daśārha dynasty, of my vow: if anyone among men were to tell me to give the Gāṇḍiva bow to another, O son of Pṛthā, it would only be to someone superior to you in the use of weapons.

हन्यामहं केशव तं प्रसह्य; भीमो हन्यात्तूबरकेति चोक्तः। तन्मे राजा प्रोक्तवांस्ते समक्षं; धनुर्देहीत्यसकृद्वृष्णिसिंह ॥८-४९-६२॥

hanyāmahaṃ keśava taṃ prasahya; bhīmo hanyāttūbaraketi coktaḥ। tanme rājā proktavāṃste samakṣaṃ; dhanurdehītyasakṛdvṛṣṇisiṃha ॥8-49-62॥

[हन्याम (hanyām) - I would kill; अहम् (aham) - I; केशव (keśava) - Keshava; तम् (tam) - him; प्रसह्य (prasahya) - by force; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima; हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill; तू (tū) - indeed; बरक (baraka) - Baraka; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; राजा (rājā) - the king; प्रोक्तवान् (proktavān) - spoke; ते (te) - to you; समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in front; धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow; देहि (dehi) - give; इति (iti) - thus; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; वृष्णिसिंह (vṛṣṇisiṃha) - O lion of the Vrishni clan;]

(I would kill him by force, O Keshava; Bhima would indeed kill Baraka, it was said: The king spoke to me in front of you, O lion of the Vrishni clan, repeatedly saying, "Give the bow.")

I declared to Keshava that I would kill him by force; Bhima was also said to have killed Baraka. The king told me in your presence, O lion of the Vrishni clan, to repeatedly hand over the bow.

तं हत्वा चेत्केशव जीवलोके; स्थाता कालं नाहमप्यल्पमात्रम्। सा च प्रतिज्ञा मम लोकप्रबुद्धा; भवेत्सत्या धर्मभृतां वरिष्ठ ॥ यथा जीवेत्पाण्डवोऽहं च कृष्ण; तथा बुद्धिं दातुमद्यार्हसि त्वम् ॥८-४९-६३॥

taṁ hatvā cetkeśava jīvaloke; sthātā kālaṁ nāhamapyalpamātram। sā ca pratijñā mama lokaprabuddhā; bhavetsatyā dharmabhṛtāṁ variṣṭha ॥ yathā jīvetpāṇḍavo'haṁ ca kṛṣṇa; tathā buddhiṁ dātumadyārhasi tvam ॥8-49-63॥

[तं (taṁ) - him; हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; चेत् (cet) - if; केशव (keśava) - O Keśava; जीवलोके (jīvaloke) - in the world of the living; स्थाता (sthātā) - will remain; कालं (kālaṁ) - time; न (na) - not; अहम् (aham) - I; अपि (api) - even; अल्पमात्रम् (alpamātram) - a little; सा (sā) - that; च (ca) - and; प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - vow; मम (mama) - my; लोकप्रबुद्धा (lokaprabuddhā) - known in the world; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes; सत्या (satyā) - true; धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtāṁ) - of the upholders of dharma; वरिष्ठ (variṣṭha) - the best; यथा (yathā) - as; जीवेत् (jīvet) - lives; पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Pāṇḍava; अहम् (aham) - I; च (ca) - and; कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Kṛṣṇa; तथा (tathā) - so; बुद्धिं (buddhiṁ) - intelligence; दातुम् (dātum) - to give; अद्य (adya) - today; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; त्वम् (tvam) - you;]

(Having killed him, O Keśava, if I remain in the world of the living, I will not even for a little time. That vow of mine, known in the world, becomes true, O best of the upholders of dharma. As Pāṇḍava and I live, O Kṛṣṇa, so you should give intelligence today.)

O Keśava, if I kill him and remain in the world of the living, I will not even for a moment. That vow of mine, known in the world, will become true, O best of the upholders of dharma. As long as Pāṇḍava and I live, O Kṛṣṇa, you should give your wisdom today.

वासुदेव उवाच॥

vāsudeva uvāca॥

[वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vasudeva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vasudeva said:)

Vasudeva said:

राजा श्रान्तो जगतो विक्षतश्च; कर्णेन सङ्ख्ये निशितैर्बाणसङ्घैः। तस्मात्पार्थ त्वां परुषाण्यवोच; त्कर्णे द्यूतं ह्यद्य रणे निबद्धम् ॥८-४९-६४॥

rājā śrānto jagato vikṣataśca; karṇena saṅkhye niśitairbāṇasaṅghaiḥ। tasmāt pārtha tvāṃ paruṣāṇyavoca; tkarṇe dyūtaṃ hyadya raṇe nibaddham ॥8-49-64॥

[राजा (rājā) - king; श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted; जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world; विक्षतः (vikṣataḥ) - wounded; च (ca) - and; कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna; सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle; निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp; बाणसङ्घैः (bāṇasaṅghaiḥ) - by arrows; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words; अवोचत् (avocat) - spoke; कर्णे (karṇe) - to Karna; द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gamble; हि (hi) - indeed; अद्य (adya) - today; रणे (raṇe) - in battle; निबद्धम् (nibaddham) - fixed.;]

(The king, exhausted and wounded by Karna with sharp arrows in battle, therefore, O son of Pritha, spoke harsh words to Karna; indeed, today the gamble is fixed in battle.)

The king, weary and injured by Karna's sharp arrows in the battle, thus, O Arjuna, addressed harsh words to Karna; for today, the contest is set in the battlefield.

तस्मिन्हते कुरवो निर्जिताः स्यु; रेवम्बुद्धिः पार्थिवो धर्मपुत्रः। यदावमानं लभते महान्तं; तदा जीवन्मृत इत्युच्यते सः ॥८-४९-६५॥

tasminhate kuravo nirjitāḥ syu; revambuddhiḥ pārthivo dharmaputraḥ। yadāvamānaṃ labhate mahāntaṃ; tadā jīvanmṛta ityucyate saḥ ॥8-49-65॥

[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; हते (hate) - killed; कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - Kurus; निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - defeated; स्युः (syuḥ) - would be; रेवम् (revam) - thus; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king; धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - son of Dharma; यदा (yadā) - when; अवमानम् (avamānam) - disrespect; लभते (labhate) - receives; महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great; तदा (tadā) - then; जीवन्मृतः (jīvanmṛtaḥ) - living dead; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; सः (saḥ) - he;]

(In that case, the Kurus would be defeated; thus is the intelligence of the king, the son of Dharma. When he receives great disrespect, then he is called 'living dead'.)

In that situation, the Kurus would be conquered; this reflects the wisdom of the king, the son of Dharma. When he is greatly disrespected, he is referred to as 'living dead'.

तन्मानितः पार्थिवोऽयं सदैव; त्वया सभीमेन तथा यमाभ्याम्। वृद्धैश्च लोके पुरुषप्रवीरै; स्तस्यावमानं कलया त्वं प्रयुङ्क्ष्व ॥८-४९-६६॥

tanmānitaḥ pārthivo'yaṃ sadaiva; tvayā sabhīmena tathā yamābhyām। vṛddhaiśca loke puruṣapravīrai; stasyāvamānaṃ kalayā tvaṃ prayuṅkṣva ॥8-49-66॥

[तत् (tat) - that; मानितः (mānitaḥ) - honored; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king; अयम् (ayam) - this; सदैव (sadaiva) - always; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; सभीमेन (sabhīmena) - with Bhima; तथा (tathā) - and; यमाभ्याम् (yamābhyām) - with Yama; वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - with the elders; च (ca) - and; लोके (loke) - in the world; पुरुषप्रवीरैः (puruṣapravīraiḥ) - with the best of men; तस्य (tasya) - his; अवमानम् (avamānam) - disrespect; कलया (kalayā) - with skill; त्वम् (tvam) - you; प्रयुङ्क्ष्व (prayuṅkṣva) - apply;]

(That honored king, always by you with Bhima and with Yama, with the elders and in the world with the best of men; his disrespect with skill you apply.)

"This king, always honored by you along with Bhima and Yama, and respected by the elders and the best of men in the world; you should skillfully apply his disrespect."

त्वमित्यत्रभवन्तं त्वं ब्रूहि पार्थ युधिष्ठिरम्। त्वमित्युक्तो हि निहतो गुरुर्भवति भारत ॥८-४९-६७॥

tvam ity atra bhavantaṃ tvaṃ brūhi pārtha yudhiṣṭhiram। tvam ity ukto hi nihato gurur bhavati bhārata ॥8-49-67॥

[त्वम् (tvam) - you; इति (iti) - thus; अत्र (atra) - here; भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - the honorable; त्वम् (tvam) - you; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - say; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira; त्वम् (tvam) - you; इति (iti) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; हि (hi) - indeed; निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata;]

(You, thus here the honorable you say, O son of Pritha, to Yudhishthira. You, thus addressed indeed killed the teacher becomes, O Bharata.)

"You should address the honorable Yudhishthira as 'you', O son of Pritha. When addressed as 'you', indeed, the teacher is considered defeated, O Bharata."

एवमाचर कौन्तेय धर्मराजे युधिष्ठिरे। अधर्मयुक्तं संयोगं कुरुष्वैवं कुरूद्वह ॥८-४९-६८॥

evamācara kaunteya dharmarāje yudhiṣṭhire। adharmayuktaṃ saṃyogaṃ kuruṣvaivaṃ kurūdvaha ॥8-49-68॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; आचर (ācara) - act; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; धर्मराजे (dharmarāje) - in the king of dharma; युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - Yudhishthira; अधर्मयुक्तम् (adharmayuktam) - unrighteous; संयोगम् (saṃyogam) - union; कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do; एवम् (evam) - thus; कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of the Kurus;]

(Thus act, O son of Kunti, in the king of dharma, Yudhishthira. Perform the unrighteous union thus, O best of the Kurus.)

"O son of Kunti, act in accordance with the king of dharma, Yudhishthira. Engage in the unrighteous union as instructed, O best of the Kurus."

अथर्वाङ्गिरसी ह्येषा श्रुतीनामुत्तमा श्रुतिः। अविचार्यैव कार्यैषा श्रेयःकामैर्नरैः सदा ॥८-४९-६९॥

atharvāṅgirasī hyeṣā śrutīnāmuttamā śrutiḥ। avicāryaiva kāryeṣā śreyaḥkāmairnaraiḥ sadā ॥8-49-69॥

[अथर्वाङ्गिरसी (atharvāṅgirasī) - of Atharva and Angiras; हि (hi) - indeed; एषा (eṣā) - this; श्रुतीनाम् (śrutīnām) - of the Vedas; उत्तमा (uttamā) - the highest; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - revelation; अविचार्य (avicārya) - without consideration; एव (eva) - indeed; कार्य (kārya) - to be done; एषा (eṣā) - this; श्रेयःकामैः (śreyaḥkāmaiḥ) - by those desiring welfare; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; सदा (sadā) - always;]

(This is indeed the highest revelation of the Vedas of Atharva and Angiras. This should always be done by men desiring welfare, without consideration.)

This is indeed the supreme revelation among the Vedas, specifically of Atharva and Angiras. It should always be followed by those who seek welfare, without any deliberation.

वधो ह्ययं पाण्डव धर्मराज्ञ; स्त्वत्तो युक्तो वेत्स्यते चैवमेषः। ततोऽस्य पादावभिवाद्य पश्चा; च्छमं ब्रूयाः सान्त्वपूर्वं च पार्थम् ॥८-४९-७०॥

vadho hyayaṃ pāṇḍava dharmarājña; stvatto yukto vetsyate caivameṣaḥ। tato'sya pādāvabhivādya paścā; cchamaṃ brūyāḥ sāntvapūrvaṃ ca pārtham ॥8-49-70॥

[वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; हि (hi) - indeed; अयम् (ayam) - this; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O son of Pandu; धर्मराज्ञः (dharmarājñaḥ) - of the king of dharma; त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - proper; वेत्स्यते (vetsyate) - will be known; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अस्य (asya) - his; पादौ (pādau) - feet; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; क्षमम् (kṣamam) - forgiveness; ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should speak; सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - with conciliation; च (ca) - and; पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna;]

(The killing, indeed, O son of Pandu, of the king of dharma, from you, proper, will be known, and certainly this. Then, having saluted his feet, afterwards, you should speak forgiveness with conciliation to Arjuna.)

O son of Pandu, the killing of the king of dharma is indeed proper from you and will certainly be known. Then, after saluting his feet, you should speak to Arjuna with conciliation and ask for forgiveness.

भ्राता प्राज्ञस्तव कोपं न जातु; कुर्याद्राजा कञ्चन पाण्डवेयः। मुक्तोऽनृताद्भ्रातृवधाच्च पार्थ; हृष्टः कर्णं त्वं जहि सूतपुत्रम् ॥८-४९-७१॥

bhrātā prājñastava kopaṃ na jātu; kuryādrājā kañcana pāṇḍaveyaḥ। mukto'nṛtādbhrātṛvadhācca pārtha; hṛṣṭaḥ karṇaṃ tvaṃ jahi sūtaputram ॥8-49-71॥

[भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise; तव (tava) - your; कोपं (kopaṃ) - anger; न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; राजा (rājā) - king; कञ्चन (kañcana) - any; पाण्डवेयः (pāṇḍaveyaḥ) - son of Pandu; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed; अनृतात् (anṛtāt) - from falsehood; भ्रातृवधात् (bhrātṛvadhāt) - from fratricide; च (ca) - and; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful; कर्णं (karṇam) - Karna; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; जहि (jahi) - slay; सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - son of a charioteer;]

(Brother, the wise one, should never provoke your anger; no king, any son of Pandu, should do so. Freed from falsehood and fratricide, O son of Pritha, joyful, you slay Karna, the son of a charioteer.)

Brother, the wise one, should never provoke your anger; no king, any son of Pandu, should do so. O son of Pritha, having been freed from falsehood and fratricide, you joyfully slay Karna, the son of a charioteer.

सञ्जय उवाच॥

sañjaya uvāca॥

[सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Sanjaya said:)

Sanjaya said:

इत्येवमुक्तस्तु जनार्दनेन; पार्थः प्रशस्याथ सुहृद्वधं तम्। ततोऽब्रवीदर्जुनो धर्मराज; मनुक्तपूर्वं परुषं प्रसह्य ॥८-४९-७२॥

ityevamuktastu janārdenena; pārthaḥ praśasyātha suhṛdvadhaṃ tam. tato'bravīdarjuno dharmarāja; manuktapūrvaṃ paruṣaṃ prasahya ॥8-49-72॥

[इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this way; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; तु (tu) - but; जनार्दनेन (janārdenena) - by Janardana; पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha; प्रशस्य (praśasya) - praised; अथ (atha) - then; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend; वधं (vadhaṃ) - killing; तम् (tam) - that; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; धर्मराज (dharmarāja) - Dharmaraja; मनुक्तपूर्वं (manuktapūrvaṃ) - not spoken before; परुषं (paruṣaṃ) - harsh; प्रसह्य (prasaḥya) - forcefully;]

(Thus spoken by Janardana, Partha praised that killing of a friend. Then Arjuna said to Dharmaraja, something harsh not spoken before, forcefully.)

Upon hearing these words from Janardana, Partha praised the act of killing a friend. Then Arjuna, addressing Dharmaraja, forcefully spoke harsh words that had never been uttered before.

मा त्वं राजन्व्याहर व्याहरत्सु; न तिष्ठसे क्रोशमात्रे रणार्धे। भीमस्तु मामर्हति गर्हणाय; यो युध्यते सर्वयोधप्रवीरः ॥८-४९-७३॥

mā tvaṃ rājanvyāhara vyāharatsu; na tiṣṭhase krośamātre raṇārdhe। bhīmastu māmarhati garhaṇāya; yo yudhyate sarvayodhapravīraḥ ॥8-49-73॥

[मा (mā) - do not; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; राजन् (rājan) - O king; व्याहर (vyāhara) - speak; व्याहरत्सु (vyāharatsu) - while speaking; न (na) - not; तिष्ठसे (tiṣṭhase) - you stand; क्रोशमात्रे (krośamātre) - at a distance of a shout; रणार्धे (raṇārdhe) - in the midst of battle; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima; तु (tu) - but; माम् (mām) - me; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; गर्हणाय (garhaṇāya) - for censure; यः (yaḥ) - who; युध्यते (yudhyate) - fights; सर्वयोधप्रवीरः (sarvayodhapravīraḥ) - the greatest of all warriors;]

(Do not you, O king, speak while speaking; you do not stand at a distance of a shout in the midst of battle. But Bhima deserves censure from me; who fights, the greatest of all warriors.)

"O king, do not speak while others are speaking; you do not even stand a shout's distance in the midst of battle. But Bhima, who fights as the greatest of all warriors, deserves censure from me."

काले हि शत्रून्प्रतिपीड्य सङ्ख्ये; हत्वा च शूरान्पृथिवीपतींस्तान्। यः कुञ्जराणामधिकं सहस्रं; हत्वानदत्तुमुलं सिंहनादम् ॥८-४९-७४॥

kāle hi śatrūn pratipīḍya saṅkhye; hatvā ca śūrān pṛthivīpatīṁs tān। yaḥ kuñjarāṇām adhikaṁ sahasraṁ; hatvā nadattum ulaṁ siṁhanādam ॥8-49-74॥

[काले (kāle) - in time; हि (hi) - indeed; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; प्रतिपीड्य (pratipīḍya) - having crushed; सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle; हत्वा (hatvā) - having slain; च (ca) - and; शूरान् (śūrān) - heroes; पृथिवीपतीन् (pṛthivīpatīn) - kings of the earth; तान् (tān) - those; यः (yaḥ) - who; कुञ्जराणाम् (kuñjarāṇām) - of elephants; अधिकम् (adhikam) - more than; सहस्रं (sahasraṁ) - a thousand; हत्वा (hatvā) - having slain; नदत्तुम् (nadattum) - to roar; उलम् (ulam) - loudly; सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - lion's roar;]

(In time, indeed, having crushed the enemies in battle and having slain those heroes, the kings of the earth, who, having slain more than a thousand elephants, roared loudly like a lion.)

In due course, having defeated the enemies in battle and slain the heroic kings of the earth, he, who had slain more than a thousand elephants, let out a mighty lion's roar.

सुदुष्करं कर्म करोति वीरः; कर्तुं यथा नार्हसि त्वं कदाचित्। रथादवप्लुत्य गदां परामृशं; स्तया निहन्त्यश्वनरद्विपान्रणे ॥८-४९-७५॥

suduṣkaraṃ karma karoti vīraḥ; kartuṃ yathā nārhasi tvaṃ kadācit. rathādavaplutya gadāṃ parāmṛśaṃ; stayā nihantyaśvanaradvipānraṇe ॥8-49-75॥

[सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult; कर्म (karma) - action; करोति (karoti) - does; वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; यथा (yathā) - as; न (na) - not; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; त्वम् (tvam) - you; कदाचित् (kadācit) - ever; रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot; अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - jumping down; गदाम् (gadām) - mace; परामृशम् (parāmṛśam) - grasping; स्तया (stayā) - with it; निहन्ति (nihanti) - kills; अश्व (aśva) - horses; नर (nara) - men; द्विपान् (dvipān) - elephants; रणे (raṇe) - in battle;]

(The hero performs a very difficult action; as you should never do. Jumping down from the chariot, grasp the mace; with it, he kills horses, men, and elephants in battle.)

The hero undertakes a task that is extremely difficult; something you should never attempt. He leaps from the chariot, seizes the mace, and with it, slays horses, men, and elephants on the battlefield.

वरासिना वाजिरथाश्वकुञ्जरां; स्तथा रथाङ्गैर्धनुषा च हन्त्यरीन्। प्रमृद्य पद्भ्यामहितान्निहन्ति यः; पुनश्च दोर्भ्यां शतमन्युविक्रमः ॥८-४९-७६॥

varāsinā vājirathāśvakuñjarāṃ; stathā rathāṅgairdhanuṣā ca hantyarīn। pramṛdya padbhyāmahitānnihanti yaḥ; punaśca dorbhyāṃ śatamanyuvikramaḥ ॥8-49-76॥

[वरासिना (varāsinā) - with a sword; वाजि (vāji) - horses; रथ (ratha) - chariots; अश्व (aśva) - horses; कुञ्जरां (kuñjarāṃ) - elephants; स्तथा (stathā) - and also; रथाङ्गैः (rathāṅgaiḥ) - with chariot wheels; धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - with a bow; च (ca) - and; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; अरिन् (arin) - enemies; प्रमृद्य (pramṛdya) - crushing; पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - with feet; अहितान् (ahitān) - foes; निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys; यः (yaḥ) - who; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; च (ca) - and; दोर् (dor) - with arms; भ्याम् (bhyām) - by; शतमन्यु (śatamanyu) - Indra; विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - valiant; ॥८-४९-७६॥ (॥8-49-76॥) - (verse number);]

(With a sword, he kills horses, chariots, horses, and elephants; and also with chariot wheels and a bow, he kills enemies. Crushing foes with feet, he who destroys again with arms is the valiant Indra.)

The valiant Indra, with his sword, slays horses, chariots, and elephants. He also uses chariot wheels and a bow to defeat his enemies. Crushing them underfoot, he destroys them again with his mighty arms.

महाबलो वैश्रवणान्तकोपमः; प्रसह्य हन्ता द्विषतां यथार्हम्। स भीमसेनोऽर्हति गर्हणां मे; न त्वं नित्यं रक्ष्यसे यः सुहृद्भिः ॥८-४९-७७॥

mahābalo vaiśravaṇāntakopamaḥ; prasahya hantā dviṣatāṃ yathārham। sa bhīmaseno'rhati garhaṇāṃ me; na tvaṃ nityaṃ rakṣyase yaḥ suhṛdbhiḥ ॥8-49-77॥

[महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - great strength; वैश्रवण (vaiśravaṇa) - Kubera; अन्तक (antaka) - Yama; उपमः (upamaḥ) - comparable; प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly; हन्ता (hantā) - killer; द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies; यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as deserved; सः (saḥ) - he; भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; गर्हणाम् (garhaṇām) - reproach; मे (me) - my; न (na) - not; त्वम् (tvam) - you; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; रक्ष्यसे (rakṣyase) - will be protected; यः (yaḥ) - who; सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends;]

(Of great strength, comparable to Kubera and Yama; forcibly the killer of enemies as deserved. He, Bhimasena, deserves my reproach; not you, who will always be protected by friends.)

Bhimasena, who possesses great strength and is comparable to Kubera and Yama, is the one who forcibly kills enemies as they deserve. He deserves my reproach, not you, who are always protected by friends.

महारथान्नागवरान्हयांश्च; पदातिमुख्यानपि च प्रमथ्य। एको भीमो धार्तराष्ट्रेषु मग्नः; स मामुपालब्धुमरिंदमोऽर्हति ॥८-४९-७८॥

mahārathānnāgavarānhayāṃśca; padātimukhyānapi ca pramathya। eko bhīmo dhārtarāṣṭreṣu magnaḥ; sa māmupālabdhumariṃdamo'rhati ॥8-49-78॥

[महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers; नागवरान् (nāgavarān) - excellent elephants; हयान् (hayān) - horses; च (ca) - and; पदातिमुख्यान् (padātimukhyān) - chief foot soldiers; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; प्रमथ्य (pramathya) - having crushed; एकः (ekaḥ) - alone; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima; धार्तराष्ट्रेषु (dhārtarāṣṭreṣu) - among the sons of Dhritarashtra; मग्नः (magnaḥ) - immersed; सः (saḥ) - he; माम् (mām) - me; उपालब्धुम् (upālabdhum) - to reproach; अरिंदमः (ariṃdamaḥ) - subduer of foes; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]

(Having crushed great charioteers, excellent elephants, horses, and chief foot soldiers, alone Bhima, immersed among the sons of Dhritarashtra, deserves to reproach me, the subduer of foes.)

Bhima, having single-handedly crushed the great charioteers, elephants, horses, and chief foot soldiers, finds himself immersed among the sons of Dhritarashtra and deserves to reproach me, the subduer of foes.

कलिङ्गवङ्गाङ्गनिषादमागधा; न्सदामदान्नीलबलाहकोपमान्। निहन्ति यः शत्रुगणाननेकशः; स माभिवक्तुं प्रभवत्यनागसम् ॥८-४९-७९॥

kaliṅgavaṅgāṅganiṣādamāgadhā; nsadāmadānnīlabalāhakopamān। nihanti yaḥ śatrugaṇānanekaśaḥ; sa mābhivaktuṃ prabhavatyanāgasam ॥8-49-79॥

[कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga) - Kalinga; वङ्ग (vaṅga) - Vanga; अङ्ग (aṅga) - Anga; निषाद (niṣāda) - Nishada; मागधा (māgadhā) - Magadha; सदा (sadā) - always; अमदान् (amadān) - unconquered; नील (nīla) - blue; बलाहक (balāhaka) - cloud; उपमान् (upamān) - comparable; निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys; यः (yaḥ) - who; शत्रुगणान् (śatrugaṇān) - enemy groups; अनेकशः (anekaśaḥ) - many times; सः (saḥ) - he; म (mā) - not; अभिवक्तुं (abhivaktuṃ) - to speak; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - is able; अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent;]

(Kalinga, Vanga, Anga, Nishada, Magadha; always unconquered, comparable to blue clouds. He who destroys enemy groups many times; he is able to speak to the innocent.)

The one who conquers the regions of Kalinga, Vanga, Anga, Nishada, and Magadha, always remaining unconquered and comparable to blue clouds, is able to defeat numerous enemy groups repeatedly; he is capable of addressing the innocent.

सयुक्तमास्थाय रथं हि काले; धनुर्विकर्षञ्शरपूर्णमुष्टिः। सृजत्यसौ शरवर्षाणि वीरो; महाहवे मेघ इवाम्बुधाराः ॥८-४९-८०॥

suyuktam āsthāya rathaṃ hi kāle; dhanur vikarṣañ śara-pūrṇa-muṣṭiḥ। sṛjaty asau śara-varṣāṇi vīraḥ; mahāhave megha ivāmbudhārāḥ ॥8-49-80॥

[सयुक्तम् (suyuktam) - well-yoked; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted; रथम् (ratham) - chariot; हि (hi) - indeed; काले (kāle) - at the right time; धनुः (dhanuh) - bow; विकर्षन् (vikarṣan) - drawing; शर-पूर्ण-मुष्टिः (śara-pūrṇa-muṣṭiḥ) - with fist full of arrows; सृजति (sṛjati) - releases; असौ (asau) - he; शर-वर्षाणि (śara-varṣāṇi) - arrow showers; वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero; महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle; मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud; इव (iva) - like; अम्बुधाराः (ambudhārāḥ) - streams of water;]

(Having mounted the well-yoked chariot at the right time, with a fist full of arrows, indeed, the hero draws the bow and releases arrow showers like a cloud streams water in the great battle.)

The hero, having mounted the well-prepared chariot at the opportune moment, draws his bow with a fist full of arrows and releases showers of arrows like a cloud pouring streams of water in the great battle.

बलं तु वाचि द्विजसत्तमानां; क्षात्रं बुधा बाहुबलं वदन्ति। त्वं वाग्बलो भारत निष्ठुरश्च; त्वमेव मां वेत्सि यथाविधोऽहम् ॥८-४९-८१॥

balaṁ tu vāci dvijasattamānāṁ; kṣātraṁ budhā bāhubalaṁ vadanti। tvaṁ vāgbalo bhārata niṣṭhuraśca; tvameva māṁ vetsi yathāvidho'ham ॥8-49-81॥

[बलम् (balam) - strength; तु (tu) - but; वाचि (vāci) - in speech; द्विजसत्तमानाम् (dvijasattamānām) - of the best of the twice-born; क्षात्रम् (kṣātram) - kshatriya strength; बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise; बाहुबलम् (bāhubalam) - strength of the arms; वदन्ति (vadanti) - say; त्वम् (tvam) - you; वाग्बलः (vāgbalaḥ) - strong in speech; भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata; निष्ठुरः (niṣṭhuraḥ) - harsh; च (ca) - and; त्वम् (tvam) - you; एव (eva) - only; माम् (mām) - me; वेत्सि (vetsi) - know; यथाविधः (yathāvidhaḥ) - as I am; अहम् (aham) - I am;]

(Strength, however, is in the speech of the best of the twice-born; the wise say kshatriya strength is the strength of the arms. You are strong in speech, O descendant of Bharata, and harsh; you alone know me as I am.)

The true strength of the best of the twice-born lies in their words, while the wise recognize the kshatriya's strength as that of the arms. You, O Bharata, are strong in speech and harsh, and you alone truly understand me.

यतामि नित्यं तव कर्तुमिष्टं; दारैः सुतैर्जीवितेनात्मना च। एवं च मां वाग्विशिखैर्निहंसि; त्वत्तः सुखं न वयं विद्म किञ्चित् ॥८-४९-८२॥

yatāmi nityaṃ tava kartumiṣṭaṃ; dāraiḥ sutairjīvitenātmanā ca। evaṃ ca māṃ vāgviśikhairnihaṃsi; tvattaḥ sukhaṃ na vayaṃ vidma kiñcit ॥8-49-82॥

[यतामि (yatāmi) - I strive; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; तव (tava) - your; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; इष्टं (iṣṭaṃ) - desired; दारैः (dāraiḥ) - with wife; सुतैः (sutaiḥ) - with sons; जीवितेन (jīvitena) - with life; आत्मना (ātmanā) - with self; च (ca) - and; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; च (ca) - and; मां (māṃ) - me; वाग्विशिखैः (vāgviśikhaiḥ) - with arrows of words; निहंसि (nihaṃsi) - you kill; त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; न (na) - not; वयम् (vayam) - we; विद्म (vidma) - know; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything;]

(I always strive to do your desired (tasks) with wife, sons, life, and self. Thus, you kill me with arrows of words; we do not know any happiness from you.)

I constantly endeavor to fulfill your wishes with my family, life, and self. Yet, you wound me with your harsh words; we find no happiness in you.

अवामंस्था मां द्रौपदीतल्पसंस्थो; महारथान्प्रतिहन्मि त्वदर्थे। तेनातिशङ्की भारत निष्ठुरोऽसि; त्वत्तः सुखं नाभिजानामि किञ्चित् ॥८-४९-८३॥

avāmaṁsthā māṁ draupadītalpasaṁstho; mahārathānpratihanmī tvadarthe। tenātiśaṅkī bhārata niṣṭhuro'si; tvattaḥ sukhaṁ nābhijānāmi kiñcit ॥8-49-83॥

[अवामंस्था (avāmaṁsthā) - you disregarded; मां (māṁ) - me; द्रौपदीतल्पसंस्थः (draupadītalpasaṁsthaḥ) - lying on Draupadi's bed; महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors; प्रतिहन्मि (pratihanmī) - I will counter; त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - for your sake; तेन (tena) - therefore; अतिशङ्की (atiśaṅkī) - very suspicious; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata; निष्ठुरः (niṣṭhuraḥ) - harsh; असि (asi) - you are; त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; न (na) - not; अभिजानामि (abhijānāmi) - I know; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything;]

(You disregarded me, lying on Draupadi's bed; I will counter the great warriors for your sake. Therefore, O Bharata, you are very suspicious and harsh; I know no happiness from you at all.)

You ignored me while lying on Draupadi's bed; I will fight the great warriors for your sake. Thus, O Bharata, you are very suspicious and harsh; I do not know any happiness from you.

प्रोक्तः स्वयं सत्यसन्धेन मृत्यु; स्तव प्रियार्थं नरदेव युद्धे। वीरः शिखण्डी द्रौपदोऽसौ महात्मा; मयाभिगुप्तेन हतश्च तेन ॥८-४९-८४॥

proktaḥ svayaṃ satyasaṃdhena mṛtyu; stava priyārthaṃ naradeva yuddhe। vīraḥ śikhaṇḍī draupado'sau mahātmā; mayābhiguptena hataśca tena ॥8-49-84॥

[प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - spoken; स्वयं (svayaṃ) - by himself; सत्यसन्धेन (satyasaṃdhena) - by the truthful; मृत्यु (mṛtyu) - death; स्तव (stava) - your; प्रियार्थं (priyārthaṃ) - for the sake of dear; नरदेव (naradeva) - O king; युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle; वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero; शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī; द्रौपदः (draupadaḥ) - son of Drupada; असौ (asau) - this; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great soul; मया (mayā) - by me; अभिगुप्तेन (abhiguptena) - protected; हतः (hataḥ) - killed; च (ca) - and; तेन (tena) - by him;]

(Spoken by himself, by the truthful Death, for your sake, O king, in battle. The hero Śikhaṇḍī, son of Drupada, this great soul, protected by me, was killed by him.)

The truthful Death himself declared, for your sake, O king, in battle. The hero Śikhaṇḍī, son of Drupada, this great soul, was protected by me but was killed by him.

न चाभिनन्दामि तवाधिराज्यं; यतस्त्वमक्षेष्वहिताय सक्तः। स्वयं कृत्वा पापमनार्यजुष्ट; मेभिर्युद्धे तर्तुमिच्छस्यरींस्तु ॥८-४९-८५॥

na cābhinandāmi tavādhirājyaṁ; yatastvam akṣeṣvahitāya saktaḥ। svayaṁ kṛtvā pāpamanāryajuṣṭa; mebhiryuddhe tartum icchasyarīṁstu ॥8-49-85॥

[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अभिनन्दामि (abhinandāmi) - I praise; तव (tava) - your; अधिराज्यं (adhirājyaṁ) - sovereignty; यतः (yataḥ) - because; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अक्षेषु (akṣeṣu) - in dice; अहिताय (ahitāya) - for harm; सक्तः (saktaḥ) - attached; स्वयम् (svayam) - yourself; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; अनार्यजुष्ट (anāryajuṣṭa) - unworthy of noble; मेभिः (mebhiḥ) - with me; युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle; तर्तुम् (tartum) - to cross; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish; अरीन् (arīn) - enemies; तु (tu) - but;]

(I do not praise your sovereignty; because you are attached to dice for harm. Having done sin yourself, unworthy of noble, you wish to cross enemies with me in battle.)

I do not commend your rule, as you are engrossed in gambling, causing harm. Having committed sin yourself, which is unworthy of the noble, you wish to confront enemies with me in battle.

अक्षेषु दोषा बहवो विधर्माः; श्रुतास्त्वया सहदेवोऽब्रवीद्यान्। तान्नैषि सन्तर्तुमसाधुजुष्टा; न्येन स्म सर्वे निरयं प्रपन्नाः ॥८-४९-८६॥

akṣeṣu doṣā bahavo vidharmāḥ; śrutāstvayā sahadevo'bravīdyān। tānnaiṣi santartumasādhujūṣṭā; nyena sma sarve nirayaṃ prapannāḥ ॥8-49-86॥

[अक्षेषु (akṣeṣu) - in dice; दोषा (doṣā) - faults; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; विधर्माः (vidharmāḥ) - unrighteous acts; श्रुताः (śrutāḥ) - heard; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; यान् (yān) - which; तान् (tān) - those; न (na) - not; एषि (eṣi) - you go; सन्तर्तुम् (santartum) - to cross; असाधुजुष्टाः (asādhujūṣṭāḥ) - associated with the wicked; न्येन (nyena) - by justice; स्म (sma) - indeed; सर्वे (sarve) - all; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; प्रपन्नाः (prapannāḥ) - attained;]

(In dice, many faults and unrighteous acts have been heard by you, which Sahadeva said: Those you do not go to cross, associated with the wicked; indeed, all attained hell by justice.)

Sahadeva has informed you of the many faults and unrighteous acts associated with dice. Those who do not avoid these wicked associations inevitably end up in hell, as justice prevails.

त्वं देविता त्वत्कृते राज्यनाश; स्त्वत्सम्भवं व्यसनं नो नरेन्द्र। मास्मान्क्रूरैर्वाक्प्रतोदैस्तुद त्वं; भूयो राजन्कोपयन्नल्पभाग्यान् ॥८-४९-८७॥

tvaṁ devitā tvatkṛte rājyanāśa; tvatsambhavaṁ vyasanaṁ no narendra। māsmānkrūrairvākpratodaistuda tvaṁ; bhūyo rājankopayannalpabhāgyān ॥8-49-87॥

[त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; देविता (devitā) - goddess; त्वत्कृते (tvatkṛte) - for your sake; राज्यनाश (rājyanāśa) - destruction of kingdom; स्त्वत्सम्भवं (tvatsambhavaṁ) - originating from you; व्यसनं (vyasanaṁ) - calamity; नः (naḥ) - our; नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king; मा (mā) - do not; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; क्रूरैः (krūrair) - with harsh; वाक्प्रतोदैः (vākpratodaiḥ) - words as goads; तुद (tuda) - pierce; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कोपयन् (kopayan) - angering; अल्पभाग्यान् (alpabhāgyān) - those with little fortune;]

(You, goddess, for your sake, the destruction of the kingdom; the calamity originating from you, our O king. Do not pierce us with harsh words as goads, you; again, O king, angering those with little fortune.)

O goddess, it is for your sake that the kingdom has been destroyed; the calamity has originated from you, our king. Do not pierce us with harsh words as goads, O king, as it only serves to anger those who are already unfortunate.

एता वाचः परुषाः सव्यसाची; स्थिरप्रज्ञं श्रावयित्वा ततक्ष। तदानुतेपे सुरराजपुत्रो; विनिःश्वसंश्चाप्यसिमुद्बबर्ह ॥८-४९-८८॥

etā vācaḥ paruṣāḥ savyasācī; sthiraprajñaṃ śrāvayitvā tatakṣa। tadānutepe surarājaputro; viniḥśvasaṃścāpyasimudbabarha ॥8-49-88॥

[एता (etā) - these; वाचः (vācaḥ) - words; परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh; सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Savyasachi; स्थिरप्रज्ञं (sthiraprajñaṃ) - steadfast; श्रावयित्वा (śrāvayitvā) - having made hear; ततक्ष (tatakṣa) - cut; तदा (tadā) - then; अनुतेपे (anutepe) - regretted; सुरराजपुत्रः (surarājaputraḥ) - son of the king of gods; विनिःश्वसंश्च (viniḥśvasaṃśca) - and sighing; अपि (api) - also; असिमुद्बबर्ह (asimudbabarha) - raised the sword;]

(Savyasachi, having made the steadfast hear these harsh words, cut. Then the son of the king of gods regretted, and sighing also, raised the sword.)

Savyasachi spoke harsh words to the steadfast, and cut. Then the son of the king of gods regretted his actions, sighed, and raised his sword.

तमाह कृष्णः किमिदं पुनर्भवा; न्विकोशमाकाशनिभं करोत्यसिम्। प्रब्रूहि सत्यं पुनरुत्तरं विधे; र्वचः प्रवक्ष्याम्यहमर्थसिद्धये ॥८-४९-८९॥

tamāha kṛṣṇaḥ kimidaṃ punarbhavā; nvikośamākāśanibhaṃ karotyasim. prabrūhi satyaṃ punaruttaraṃ vidhe; rvacaḥ pravakṣyāmyahamarthasiddhaye ॥8-49-89॥

[तम् (tam) - to him; आह (āha) - said; कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna; किम् (kim) - what; इदं (idaṃ) - this; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; भवान् (bhavān) - you; विकोषम् (vikoṣam) - sheath; आकाशनिभम् (ākāśanibham) - sky-like; करोति (karoti) - makes; असिम् (asim) - sword; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - tell; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; उत्तरम् (uttaram) - answer; विधेः (vidheḥ) - of fate; वचः (vacaḥ) - words; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will speak; अहम् (aham) - I; अर्थसिद्धये (arthasiddhaye) - for the purpose of meaning;]

(To him, Krishna said: "What is this that you again make a sword with a sky-like sheath? Tell the truth again, I will speak the words of fate for the purpose of meaning.")

Krishna said to him: "What is this that you are doing again, making a sword with a sheath that resembles the sky? Tell me the truth once more, and I will speak the words of destiny to clarify the purpose."

इत्येव पृष्टः पुरुषोत्तमेन; सुदुःखितः केशवमाह वाक्यम्। अहं हनिष्ये स्वशरीरमेव; प्रसह्य येनाहितमाचरं वै ॥८-४९-९०॥

ityeva pṛṣṭaḥ puruṣottamena; suduḥkhitaḥ keśavamāha vākyam। ahaṃ haniṣye svaśarīrameva; prasahya yenāhitamācaraṃ vai ॥8-49-90॥

[इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; पुरुषोत्तमेन (puruṣottamena) - by the best of men; सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very sorrowful; केशवम् (keśavam) - to Keshava; आह (āha) - said; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words; अहम् (aham) - I; हनिष्ये (haniṣye) - will kill; स्वशरीरम् (svaśarīram) - my own body; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रसह्य (prasabya) - by force; येन (yena) - by which; आहितम् (āhitam) - harm; आचरम् (ācaram) - I have done; वै (vai) - indeed;]

(Thus indeed, asked by the best of men, very sorrowful, he said to Keshava: "I will indeed kill my own body by force, by which harm I have done indeed.")

Thus, when asked by the best of men, the very sorrowful one said to Keshava: "I will forcibly kill my own body, for I have indeed committed harm."

निशम्य तत्पार्थवचोऽब्रवीदिदं; धनञ्जयं धर्मभृतां वरिष्ठः। प्रब्रूहि पार्थ स्वगुणानिहात्मन; स्तथा स्वहार्दं भवतीह सद्यः ॥८-४९-९१॥

niśamya tatpārthavaco'bravīdidaṃ; dhanañjayaṃ dharmabhṛtāṃ variṣṭhaḥ। prabrūhi pārtha svaguṇānihātmana; stathā svahārdaṃ bhavatīha sadyaḥ ॥8-49-91॥

[निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard; तत् (tat) - that; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; वचः (vacaḥ) - words; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; इदं (idaṃ) - this; धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna; धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma; वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - the greatest; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - speak; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; स्वगुणान् (svaguṇān) - your qualities; इह (iha) - here; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of yourself; तथा (tathā) - also; स्वहार्दम् (svahārdam) - your heart; भवतीह (bhavatīha) - be here; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately;]

(Having heard those words of the son of Pritha, the greatest of the upholders of dharma, said this to Arjuna: "O son of Pritha, speak of your qualities here and also your heart immediately.")

Upon hearing those words from the son of Pritha, the greatest among the upholders of dharma addressed Arjuna: "O son of Pritha, immediately speak of your qualities and your heart here."

तथास्तु कृष्णेत्यभिनन्द्य वाक्यं; धनञ्जयः प्राह धनुर्विनाम्य। युधिष्ठिरं धर्मभृतां वरिष्ठं; शृणुष्व राजन्निति शक्रसूनुः ॥८-४९-९२॥

tathāstu kṛṣṇetyabhinandya vākyaṁ; dhanañjayaḥ prāha dhanurvināmya। yudhiṣṭhiraṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ variṣṭhaṁ; śṛṇuṣva rājanniti śakrasūnuḥ ॥8-49-92॥

[तथास्तु (tathāstu) - so be it; कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna; इति (iti) - thus; अभिनन्द्य (abhinandya) - having praised; वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - speech; धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna; प्राह (prāha) - said; धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow; विनाम्य (vināmya) - bending; युधिष्ठिरं (yudhiṣṭhiraṁ) - Yudhishthira; धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtāṁ) - of the upholders of dharma; वरिष्ठं (variṣṭhaṁ) - the greatest; शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen; राजन् (rājan) - O king; इति (iti) - thus; शक्रसूनुः (śakrasūnuḥ) - son of Indra;]

(So be it, O Krishna, thus having praised the speech, Arjuna said, bending the bow, to Yudhishthira, the greatest of the upholders of dharma, "Listen, O king," thus spoke the son of Indra.)

Arjuna, having praised Krishna's words, bent his bow and addressed Yudhishthira, the greatest upholder of dharma, saying, "Listen, O king," as the son of Indra spoke:

न मादृशोऽन्यो नरदेव विद्यते; धनुर्धरो देवमृते पिनाकिनम्। अहं हि तेनानुमतो महात्मना; क्षणेन हन्यां सचराचरं जगत् ॥८-४९-९३॥

na mādṛśo'nyo naradeva vidyate; dhanurdharo devamṛte pinākinam। ahaṃ hi tenānumato mahātmanā; kṣaṇena hanyāṃ sacarācaraṃ jagat ॥8-49-93॥

[न (na) - not; मादृशः (mādṛśaḥ) - like me; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; नरदेव (naradeva) - O king; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; धनुर्धरः (dhanurdharaḥ) - archer; देवमृते (devamṛte) - except the god; पिनाकिनम् (pinākinam) - Pinākin (Shiva); अहम् (aham) - I; हि (hi) - indeed; तेन (tena) - by him; अनुमतः (anumataḥ) - permitted; महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul; क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment; हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would destroy; सचराचरम् (sacarācaram) - the moving and non-moving; जगत् (jagat) - world;]

(There is no one like me, O king, an archer except the god Pinākin (Shiva). Indeed, if permitted by the great soul, I would destroy the moving and non-moving world in a moment.)

There is no archer like me, O king, except for the god Pinākin (Shiva). If the great soul permits, I could destroy the entire world, both moving and non-moving, in an instant.

मया हि राजन्सदिगीश्वरा दिशो; विजित्य सर्वा भवतः कृता वशे। स राजसूयश्च समाप्तदक्षिणः; सभा च दिव्या भवतो ममौजसा ॥८-४९-९४॥

mayā hi rājansadigīśvarā diśo; vijitya sarvā bhavataḥ kṛtā vaśe। sa rājasūyaśca samāptadakṣiṇaḥ; sabhā ca divyā bhavato mamaujasā ॥8-49-94॥

[मया (mayā) - by me; हि (hi) - indeed; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सदिगीश्वरा (sadigīśvarā) - with the lords of all directions; दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions; विजित्य (vijitya) - having conquered; सर्वा (sarvā) - all; भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your; कृता (kṛtā) - made; वशे (vaśe) - under control; सः (saḥ) - that; राजसूयः (rājasūyaḥ) - Rājasūya sacrifice; च (ca) - and; समाप्तदक्षिणः (samāptadakṣiṇaḥ) - with completed offerings; सभा (sabhā) - assembly; च (ca) - and; दिव्या (divyā) - divine; भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your; मम (mama) - my; ओजसा (ojasā) - by power;]

(By me, indeed, O king, having conquered all directions with the lords of all directions, all have been made under your control. That Rājasūya sacrifice with completed offerings and the divine assembly are yours by my power.)

O king, I have conquered all directions along with their lords and brought them under your control. The Rājasūya sacrifice with its completed offerings and the divine assembly are yours through my power.

पाणौ पृषत्का लिखिता ममेमे; धनुश्च सङ्ख्ये विततं सबाणम्। पादौ च मे सशरौ सहध्वजौ; न मादृशं युद्धगतं जयन्ति ॥८-४९-९५॥

pāṇau pṛṣatkā likhitā mameme; dhanuśca saṅkhye vitataṃ sabāṇam। pādau ca me saśarau sahadhvajau; na mādṛśaṃ yuddhagataṃ jayanti ॥8-49-95॥

[पाणौ (pāṇau) - in hands; पृषत्का (pṛṣatkā) - arrows; लिखिता (likhitā) - inscribed; मम (mama) - my; इमे (ime) - these; धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow; च (ca) - and; सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle; विततं (vitataṃ) - stretched; सबाणम् (sabāṇam) - with arrows; पादौ (pādau) - feet; च (ca) - and; मे (me) - my; सशरौ (saśarau) - with arrows; सहध्वजौ (sahadhvajau) - with banners; न (na) - not; मादृशं (mādṛśaṃ) - like me; युद्धगतं (yuddhagataṃ) - gone to battle; जयन्ति (jayanti) - conquer;]

(In hands, arrows inscribed as mine; the bow stretched with arrows in battle. Feet with arrows and banners; like me, gone to battle, they do not conquer.)

In my hands are arrows inscribed with my name; my bow is stretched with arrows in battle. My feet are adorned with arrows and banners; those like me who have gone to battle do not achieve victory.

हता उदीच्या निहताः प्रतीच्याः; प्राच्या निरस्ता दाक्षिणात्या विशस्ताः। संशप्तकानां किञ्चिदेवावशिष्टं; सर्वस्य सैन्यस्य हतं मयार्धम् ॥८-४९-९६॥

hatā udīcyā nihatāḥ pratīcyāḥ; prācyā nirasthā dākṣiṇātyā viśastāḥ. saṃśaptakānāṃ kiñcidevāvaśiṣṭaṃ; sarvasya sainyasya hataṃ mayārdham ॥8-49-96॥

[हता (hatā) - killed; उदीच्या (udīcyā) - northern; निहताः (nihatāḥ) - slain; प्रतीच्याः (pratīcyāḥ) - western; प्राच्या (prācyā) - eastern; निरस्ता (nirasthā) - driven away; दाक्षिणात्या (dākṣiṇātyā) - southern; विशस्ताः (viśastāḥ) - destroyed; संशप्तकानां (saṃśaptakānāṃ) - of the Saṃśaptakas; किञ्चिदेव (kiñcideva) - a little; अवशिष्टं (avaśiṣṭaṃ) - remains; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - army; हतं (hataṃ) - killed; मया (mayā) - by me; अर्धम् (ardham) - half;]

(The northern ones are killed, the western ones are slain; the eastern ones are driven away, the southern ones are destroyed. Of the Saṃśaptakas, only a little remains; half of the entire army is killed by me.)

The northern forces have been killed, the western forces slain; the eastern forces have been driven away, and the southern forces destroyed. Of the Saṃśaptakas, only a small portion remains; I have killed half of the entire army.

शेते मया निहता भारती च; चमू राजन्देवचमूप्रकाशा। ये नास्त्रज्ञास्तानहं हन्मि शस्त्रै; स्तस्माल्लोकं नेह करोमि भस्मसात् ॥८-४९-९७॥

śete mayā nihatā bhāratī ca; camū rājandevacamūprakāśā। ye nāstrajñāstānahaṃ hanmi śastrai; stasmāllokaṃ neha karomi bhasmasāt ॥8-49-97॥

[शेते (śete) - lies; मया (mayā) - by me; निहता (nihatā) - killed; भारती (bhāratī) - Bharati; च (ca) - and; चमू (camū) - army; राजन् (rājan) - O king; देवचमूप्रकाशा (devacamūprakāśā) - illuminated by the divine army; ये (ye) - those who; न (na) - not; अस्त्रज्ञाः (astrajñāḥ) - skilled in weapons; तान् (tān) - them; अहम् (aham) - I; हन्मि (hanmi) - kill; शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - with weapons; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; लोकम् (lokam) - world; न (na) - not; इह (iha) - here; करोमि (karomi) - I make; भस्मसात् (bhasmasāt) - into ashes;]

(Lies Bharati, killed by me; the army, O king, illuminated by the divine army. Those who are not skilled in weapons, I kill them with weapons; therefore, I do not make the world here into ashes.)

Bharati lies slain by me; the army, O king, is illuminated by the divine army. Those who are not skilled in weapons, I kill with weapons; therefore, I do not turn the world here into ashes.

इत्येवमुक्त्वा पुनराह पार्थो; युधिष्ठिरं धर्मभृतां वरिष्ठम्। अप्यपुत्रा तेन राधा भवित्री; कुन्ती मया वा तदृतं विद्धि राजन् ॥ प्रसीद राजन्क्षम यन्मयोक्तं; काले भवान्वेत्स्यति तन्नमस्ते ॥८-४९-९८॥

ityevamuktvā punarāha pārtho; yudhiṣṭhiraṃ dharmabhṛtāṃ variṣṭham। apyaputrā tena rādhā bhavitrī; kuntī mayā vā tadṛtaṃ viddhi rājan ॥ prasīda rājankṣama yanmayoktaṃ; kāle bhavānvetsyti tannamaste ॥8-49-98॥

[इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this way; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; आह (āha) - said; पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira; धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma; वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - the greatest; अपि (api) - even; अपुत्रा (aputrā) - childless; तेन (tena) - by him; राधा (rādhā) - Radha; भवित्री (bhavitrī) - will become; कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kunti; मया (mayā) - by me; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; ऋतम् (ṛtam) - truth; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; राजन् (rājan) - O king; प्रसीद (prasīda) - be pleased; राजन् (rājan) - O king; क्षम (kṣama) - forgive; यत् (yat) - what; मया (mayā) - by me; उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken; काले (kāle) - in time; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वेत्स्यति (vetsyati) - will know; तत् (tat) - that; नमः (namaḥ) - salutations; ते (te) - to you;]

(Thus having spoken, Arjuna again said to Yudhishthira, the greatest of the upholders of dharma: "Even if Radha becomes childless by him, or Kunti by me, know that as truth, O king. Be pleased, O king, forgive what has been spoken by me; in time you will know that. Salutations to you.")

Arjuna, after speaking thus, addressed Yudhishthira, the greatest among those who uphold dharma, saying that even if Radha becomes childless by him or Kunti by Arjuna, it should be known as the truth. He requested Yudhishthira to be pleased and forgive what he had spoken, assuring him that in time he would understand the truth of his words. Arjuna concluded with salutations to Yudhishthira.

प्रसाद्य राजानममित्रसाहं; स्थितोऽब्रवीच्चैनमभिप्रपन्नः। याम्येष भीमं समरात्प्रमोक्तुं; सर्वात्मना सूतपुत्रं च हन्तुम् ॥८-४९-९९॥

prasādya rājānamamitrasāhaṁ; sthito'bravīccainamabhiprapannaḥ। yāmyeṣa bhīmaṁ samarātpramoktuṁ; sarvātmanā sūtaputraṁ ca hantum ॥8-49-99॥

[प्रसाद्य (prasādya) - having pleased; राजानम् (rājānam) - the king; अमित्रसाहम् (amitrasāham) - Amitrasaha; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; च (ca) - and; एनम् (enam) - to him; अभिप्रपन्नः (abhiprapannaḥ) - having approached; यामि (yāmi) - I go; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima; समरात् (samarāt) - from the battle; प्रमोक्तुम् (pramoktum) - to release; सर्वात्मना (sarvātmanā) - with all my might; सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - the son of a charioteer; च (ca) - and; हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill;]

(Having pleased King Amitrasaha, standing, he said to him, having approached: "I go to release Bhima from the battle and to kill the son of a charioteer with all my might.")

Having pleased King Amitrasaha, he stood and said to him: "I am going to free Bhima from the battle and to kill the son of a charioteer with all my strength."

तव प्रियार्थं मम जीवितं हि; ब्रवीमि सत्यं तदवेहि राजन्। इति प्रायादुपसङ्गृह्य पादौ; समुत्थितो दीप्ततेजाः किरीटी ॥ नेदं चिरात्क्षिप्रमिदं भविष्य; त्यावर्ततेऽसावभियामि चैनम् ॥८-४९-१००॥

tava priyārthaṃ mama jīvitaṃ hi; bravīmi satyaṃ tadavehi rājan। iti prāyādupasaṅgṛhya pādau; samutthito dīptatejāḥ kirīṭī ॥ nedaṃ cirātkṣipramidaṃ bhaviṣya; tyāvartate'sāvabhiyāmi cainam ॥8-49-100॥

[तव (tava) - your; प्रियार्थम् (priyārtham) - for the sake of beloved; मम (mama) - my; जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life; हि (hi) - indeed; ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; तदवेहि (tadavehi) - know that; राजन् (rājan) - O king; इति (iti) - thus; प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed; उपसङ्गृह्य (upasaṅgṛhya) - having embraced; पादौ (pādau) - feet; समुत्थितः (samutthitaḥ) - rose; दीप्ततेजाः (dīptatejāḥ) - with blazing energy; किरीटी (kirīṭī) - the crowned one; न (na) - not; इदम् (idam) - this; चिरात् (cirāt) - for long; क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly; इदम् (idam) - this; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; अवर्तते (āvartate) - returns; असौ (asau) - he; अभियामि (abhiyāmi) - I go to meet; च (ca) - and; एनम् (enam) - him;]

(For your sake, indeed my life; I speak the truth, know that, O king. Thus he departed, having embraced the feet; the crowned one with blazing energy rose. Not for long, quickly this will be; he returns, I go to meet him.)

"For your sake, my life is indeed; I speak the truth, know this, O king." Thus, having embraced the feet, the crowned one with blazing energy rose and departed. "This will not take long; he returns quickly, and I go to meet him."

एतच्छ्रुत्वा पाण्डवो धर्मराजो; भ्रातुर्वाक्यं परुषं फल्गुनस्य। उत्थाय तस्माच्छयनादुवाच; पार्थं ततो दुःखपरीतचेताः ॥८-४९-१०१॥

etacchrutvā pāṇḍavo dharmarājo; bhrāturvākyaṃ paruṣaṃ phalgunasya। utthāya tasmācchayanāduvāca; pārthaṃ tato duḥkhaparītacetāḥ ॥8-49-101॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Pāṇḍava; धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmaraja; भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - brother's; वाक्यम् (vākyaṃ) - words; परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh; फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Phalguna; उत्थाय (utthāya) - rising; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; शयनात् (śayanāt) - bed; उवाच (uvāca) - said; पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Partha; ततः (tataḥ) - then; दुःखपरीतचेताः (duḥkhaparītacetāḥ) - with a mind afflicted by sorrow;]

(Having heard this, Pāṇḍava Dharmaraja, rising from that bed, said to Partha, with a mind afflicted by sorrow, the harsh words of his brother Phalguna.)

Upon hearing this, Dharmaraja, the Pāṇḍava, rose from his bed and, with a mind troubled by sorrow, spoke to Partha about the harsh words of his brother Phalguna.

कृतं मया पार्थ यथा न साधु; येन प्राप्तं व्यसनं वः सुघोरम्। तस्माच्छिरश्छिन्द्धि ममेदमद्य; कुलान्तकस्याधमपूरुषस्य ॥८-४९-१०२॥

kṛtaṃ mayā pārtha yathā na sādhu; yena prāptaṃ vyasanaṃ vaḥ sughoram। tasmācchiraśchinddhi mamedamadya; kulāntakasyādhamapūruṣasya ॥8-49-102॥

[कृतं (kṛtaṃ) - done; मया (mayā) - by me; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; यथा (yathā) - as; न (na) - not; साधु (sādhu) - good; येन (yena) - by which; प्राप्तं (prāptaṃ) - obtained; व्यसनं (vyasanaṃ) - distress; वः (vaḥ) - your; सुघोरम् (sughoram) - very terrible; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; शिरः (śiraḥ) - head; छिन्द्धि (chinddhi) - cut off; मम (mama) - my; इदम् (idam) - this; अद्य (adya) - today; कुलान्तकस्य (kulāntakasya) - of the destroyer of the family; अधम (adhama) - lowest; पूरुषस्य (pūruṣasya) - of the man;]

(Done by me, O son of Pritha, as not good; by which your very terrible distress was obtained. Therefore, cut off today my head, of the destroyer of the family, the lowest of men.)

O son of Pritha, what I have done was not good, as it has brought upon you a very terrible distress. Therefore, today, cut off my head, for I am the destroyer of the family, the lowest of men.

पापस्य पापव्यसनान्वितस्य; विमूढबुद्धेरलसस्य भीरोः। वृद्धावमन्तुः परुषस्य चैव; किं ते चिरं मामनुवृत्य रूक्षम् ॥८-४९-१०३॥

pāpasya pāpavyasanānvitasy; vimūḍhabuddheralasasya bhīroḥ। vṛddhāvamantuḥ paruṣasya caiva; kiṃ te ciraṃ māmanuvṛtya rūkṣam ॥8-49-103॥

[पापस्य (pāpasya) - of the sinful; पापव्यसनान्वितस्य (pāpavyasanānvitasy) - afflicted with sinful habits; विमूढबुद्धेः (vimūḍhabuddheḥ) - of the deluded-minded; अलसस्य (alasasya) - of the lazy; भीरोः (bhīroḥ) - of the coward; वृद्धावमन्तुः (vṛddhāvamantuḥ) - disrespectful to the elderly; परुषस्य (paruṣasya) - of the harsh; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; किं (kiṃ) - what; ते (te) - to you; चिरं (ciraṃ) - for long; माम् (mām) - me; अनुवृत्य (anuvṛtya) - following; रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harshly;]

(Of the sinful, afflicted with sinful habits, of the deluded-minded, of the lazy, of the coward, disrespectful to the elderly, of the harsh, and indeed; what to you for long me following harshly.)

What benefit do you gain by following me, who is sinful, afflicted with sinful habits, deluded-minded, lazy, cowardly, disrespectful to the elderly, harsh, and indeed harsh for a long time?

गच्छाम्यहं वनमेवाद्य पापः; सुखं भवान्वर्ततां मद्विहीनः। योग्यो राजा भीमसेनो महात्मा; क्लीबस्य वा मम किं राज्यकृत्यम् ॥८-४९-१०४॥

gacchāmyahaṃ vanamevādyapāpaḥ; sukhaṃ bhavānvartatāṃ madvihīnaḥ। yogyo rājā bhīmaseno mahātmā; klībasya vā mama kiṃ rājyakṛtyam ॥8-49-104॥

[गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - I go; अहम् (aham) - I; वनम् (vanam) - to the forest; एव (eva) - only; अद्य (adya) - today; पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinner; सुखम् (sukham) - happily; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वर्तताम् (vartatām) - may live; मत् (mat) - me; विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - without; योग्यः (yogyaḥ) - worthy; राजा (rājā) - king; भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great soul; क्लीबस्य (klībasya) - of a weakling; वा (vā) - or; मम (mama) - my; किम् (kim) - what; राज्यकृत्यम् (rājyakṛtyam) - duty of ruling;]

(I, a sinner, go to the forest today; may you live happily without me. Bhimasena, the great soul, is a worthy king; what is the duty of ruling for a weakling like me?)

I am going to the forest today as I am a sinner; may you live happily without me. Bhimasena, the great soul, is the worthy king; what is the purpose of ruling for someone as weak as me?

न चास्मि शक्तः परुषाणि सोढुं; पुनस्तवेमानि रुषान्वितस्य। भीमोऽस्तु राजा मम जीवितेन; किं कार्यमद्यावमतस्य वीर ॥८-४९-१०५॥

na cāsmi śaktaḥ paruṣāṇi soḍhuṃ; punastavemāni ruṣānvitasy। bhīmo'stu rājā mama jīvitena; kiṃ kāryamadyāvamatasya vīra ॥8-49-105॥

[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अस्मि (asmi) - am; शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable; परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words; सोढुं (soḍhuṃ) - to endure; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; तव (tava) - your; इमानि (imāni) - these; रुषा (ruṣā) - with anger; अन्वितस्य (anvitasya) - filled; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima; अस्तु (astu) - let be; राजा (rājā) - king; मम (mama) - my; जीवितेन (jīvitena) - with life; किं (kiṃ) - what; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - use; अद्य (adya) - today; अवमतस्य (avamatasya) - of the insulted; वीर (vīra) - hero;]

(I am not capable of enduring harsh words; again, these of yours filled with anger. Let Bhima be king with my life; what use is there today for the insulted hero?)

I cannot endure harsh words any longer, especially those filled with your anger. Let Bhima be the king in my place; what use is my life today, as an insulted hero?

इत्येवमुक्त्वा सहसोत्पपात; राजा ततस्तच्छयनं विहाय। इयेष निर्गन्तुमथो वनाय; तं वासुदेवः प्रणतोऽभ्युवाच ॥८-४९-१०६॥

ityevamuktvā sahasotpapāta; rājā tatastacchayanaṃ vihāya। iyeṣa nirgantumatho vanāya; taṃ vāsudevaḥ praṇato'bhyuvāca ॥8-49-106॥

[इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this way; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly; उत्पपात (utpapāta) - rose; राजा (rājā) - the king; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तत् (tat) - that; शयनम् (śayanam) - bed; विहाय (vihāya) - leaving; इयेष (iyeṣa) - desired; निर्गन्तुम् (nirgantum) - to go out; अथ (atha) - then; वनाय (vanāya) - to the forest; तम् (tam) - him; वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vasudeva; प्रणतः (praṇataḥ) - bowed; अभ्युवाच (abhyuvāca) - addressed;]

(Thus having spoken, the king suddenly rose, then leaving that bed, desired to go out to the forest; Vasudeva, having bowed, addressed him.)

After speaking in this manner, the king suddenly got up from his bed, intending to go to the forest. Vasudeva, bowing down, spoke to him.

राजन्विदितमेतत्ते यथा गाण्डीवधन्वनः। प्रतिज्ञा सत्यसन्धस्य गाण्डीवं प्रति विश्रुता ॥८-४९-१०७॥

rājanviditametatte yathā gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ। pratijñā satyasandhasya gāṇḍīvaṃ prati viśrutā ॥8-49-107॥

[राजन् (rājan) - O king; विदितम् (viditam) - known; एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; यथा (yathā) - as; गाण्डीवधन्वनः (gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ) - of the wielder of the Gandiva bow; प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - vow; सत्यसन्धस्य (satyasandhasya) - of the truthful one; गाण्डीवं (gāṇḍīvam) - Gandiva bow; प्रति (prati) - regarding; विश्रुता (viśrutā) - famous;]

(O king, this is known to you as the vow of the wielder of the Gandiva bow, the truthful one, regarding the Gandiva bow, is famous.)

O king, you are aware of the famous vow of the wielder of the Gandiva bow, who is known for his truthfulness, regarding the Gandiva bow.

ब्रूयाद्य एवं गाण्डीवं देह्यन्यस्मै त्वमित्युत। स वध्योऽस्य पुमाँल्लोके त्वया चोक्तोऽयमीदृशम् ॥८-४९-१०८॥

brūyādya evaṃ gāṇḍīvaṃ dehyanyasmai tvamityuta। sa vadhyo'sya pumāṁlloke tvayā cokto'yamīdṛśam ॥8-49-108॥

[ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say; यः (yaḥ) - who; एवम् (evam) - thus; गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - Gandiva; देहि (dehi) - give; अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another; त्वम् (tvam) - you; इति (iti) - thus; उत (uta) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he; वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - deserving to be killed; अस्य (asya) - of this; पुमान् (pumān) - man; लोके (loke) - in the world; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; च (ca) - and; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said; अयम् (ayam) - this; ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such;]

(One should say thus: "Give the Gandiva to another, you indeed." He is deserving to be killed in this world, as you have said this.)

One who says, "Give the Gandiva to another, you indeed," is deserving of death in this world, as you have declared.

अतः सत्यां प्रतिज्ञां तां पार्थेन परिरक्षता। मच्छन्दादवमानोऽयं कृतस्तव महीपते ॥ गुरूणामवमानो हि वध इत्यभिधीयते ॥८-४९-१०९॥

ataḥ satyāṃ pratijñāṃ tāṃ pārthena parirakṣatā। macchandādavamāno'yaṃ kṛtastava mahīpate ॥ gurūṇāmavamāno hi vadha ityabhidhīyate ॥8-49-109॥

[अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; सत्याम् (satyām) - true; प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise; ताम् (tām) - that; पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna; परिरक्षता (parirakṣatā) - being protected; मच्छन्दात् (macchandāt) - by my will; अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - insult; अयम् (ayam) - this; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done; तव (tava) - your; महीपते (mahīpate) - O king; गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - of the elders; अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - insult; हि (hi) - indeed; वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction; इति (iti) - thus; अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is said;]

(Therefore, that true promise is being protected by Arjuna. By my will, this insult has been done to you, O king. Indeed, the insult of the elders is said to be destruction.)

Therefore, Arjuna is upholding that true promise. By my will, this insult has been inflicted upon you, O king. It is said that insulting the elders leads to destruction.

तस्मात्त्वं वै महाबाहो मम पार्थस्य चोभयोः। व्यतिक्रममिमं राजन्सङ्क्षमस्वार्जुनं प्रति ॥८-४९-११०॥

tasmāttvaṃ vai mahābāho mama pārthasya cobhayoḥ। vyatikramamimaṃ rājansaṅkṣamasvārjunaṃ prati ॥8-49-110॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; वै (vai) - indeed; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one; मम (mama) - my; पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna; च (ca) - and; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both; व्यतिक्रमम् (vyatikramam) - transgression; इमम् (imam) - this; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सङ्क्षम (saṅkṣama) - forgive; स्व (sva) - your; अर्जुनं (arjunaṃ) - Arjuna; प्रति (prati) - towards;]

(Therefore, O mighty-armed one, indeed forgive this transgression of both my and Arjuna's towards you, O king.)

Therefore, O mighty-armed one, please forgive this transgression of both myself and Arjuna towards you, O king.

शरणं त्वां महाराज प्रपन्नौ स्व उभावपि। क्षन्तुमर्हसि मे राजन्प्रणतस्याभियाचतः ॥८-४९-१११॥

śaraṇaṃ tvāṃ mahārāja prapannau sva ubhāvapi। kṣantumarhasi me rājanpraṇatasyābhiyācataḥ ॥8-49-111॥

[शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; प्रपन्नौ (prapannau) - surrendered; स्व (sva) - own; उभावपि (ubhāvapi) - both; क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; मे (me) - my; राजन् (rājan) - O king; प्रणतस्य (praṇatasya) - of the one who is bowed down; अभियाचतः (abhiyācataḥ) - of the one who is requesting;]

(Refuge you O great king surrendered own both to forgive you should my O king of the one who is bowed down of the one who is requesting.)

"O great king, both of us have surrendered to you for refuge. You should forgive my request, O king, as I bow down to you."

राधेयस्याद्य पापस्य भूमिः पास्यति शोणितम्। सत्यं ते प्रतिजानामि हतं विद्ध्यद्य सूतजम् ॥ यस्येच्छसि वधं तस्य गतमेवाद्य जीवितम् ॥८-४९-११२॥

rādheyasyādya pāpasya bhūmiḥ pāsyati śoṇitam। satyaṃ te pratijānāmi hataṃ viddhyadya sūtajam ॥ yasyeccasi vadhaṃ tasya gatamevādyajīvitam ॥8-49-112॥

[राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Radheya; अद्य (adya) - today; पापस्य (pāpasya) - of the sinful; भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth; पास्यति (pāsyati) - will drink; शोणितम् (śoṇitam) - blood; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truly; ते (te) - to you; प्रतिजानामि (pratijānāmi) - I promise; हतं (hataṃ) - slain; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; अद्य (adya) - today; सूतजम् (sūtajam) - the son of a charioteer; यस्य (yasya) - whose; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish; वधं (vadhaṃ) - death; तस्य (tasya) - of him; गतमेव (gatameva) - already gone; अद्य (adya) - today; जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life;]

(Today, the earth will drink the blood of the sinful Radheya. Truly, I promise you, know that the son of a charioteer is slain today. Whose death you wish, his life is already gone today.)

Today, the earth will drink the blood of the sinful Radheya. I assure you, the son of a charioteer is already slain. The one whose death you desire, his life is already over today.

इति कृष्णवचः श्रुत्वा धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः। ससम्भ्रमं हृषीकेशमुत्थाप्य प्रणतं तदा ॥ कृताञ्जलिमिदं वाक्यमुवाचानन्तरं वचः ॥८-४९-११३॥

iti kṛṣṇavacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ। sasambhramaṃ hṛṣīkeśamutthāpya praṇataṃ tadā ॥ kṛtāñjalimidaṃ vākyamuvācānantaraṃ vacaḥ ॥8-49-113॥

[इति (iti) - thus; कृष्णवचः (kṛṣṇavacaḥ) - Krishna's words; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmaraja; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira; ससम्भ्रमं (sasambhramaṃ) - with agitation; हृषीकेशम् (hṛṣīkeśam) - Hrishikesha; उत्थाप्य (utthāpya) - having raised; प्रणतं (praṇataṃ) - bowed; तदा (tadā) - then; कृताञ्जलिम् (kṛtāñjalim) - with folded hands; इदं (idaṃ) - this; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - sentence; उवाच (uvāca) - said; अनन्तरं (anantaraṃ) - afterwards; वचः (vacaḥ) - words;]

(Thus, having heard Krishna's words, Dharmaraja Yudhishthira, with agitation, having raised Hrishikesha who was bowed, then with folded hands, said these words afterwards.)

Upon hearing Krishna's words, Dharmaraja Yudhishthira, agitated, raised the bowed Hrishikesha and then, with folded hands, spoke these words.

एवमेतद्यथात्थ त्वमस्त्येषोऽतिक्रमो मम। अनुनीतोऽस्मि गोविन्द तारितश्चाद्य माधव ॥ मोक्षिता व्यसनाद्घोराद्वयमद्य त्वयाच्युत ॥८-४९-११४॥

evametadyathāttha tvamastyeṣo'tikramo mama। anunīto'smi govinda tāritaścādya mādhava ॥ mokṣitā vyasanādghorādvayamādya tvayācyuta ॥8-49-114॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; यथा (yathā) - as; अत्थ (attha) - you said; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अस्ति (asti) - is; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; अतिक्रमः (atikramaḥ) - transgression; मम (mama) - my; अनुनीतः (anunītaḥ) - consoled; अस्मि (asmi) - am; गोविन्द (govinda) - Govinda; तारितः (tāritaḥ) - rescued; च (ca) - and; अद्य (adya) - today; माधव (mādhava) - Madhava; मोक्षिता (mokṣitā) - liberated; व्यसनात् (vyasanāt) - from distress; घोरात् (ghorāt) - terrible; वयम् (vayam) - we; अद्य (adya) - today; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; अच्युत (acyuta) - Acyuta;]

(Thus, as you said, this is my transgression. I am consoled, Govinda, and rescued today, Madhava. We are liberated from terrible distress today by you, Acyuta.)

"Indeed, as you have stated, this is my transgression. I have been consoled, O Govinda, and saved today, O Madhava. We have been freed from terrible distress today by you, O Acyuta."

भवन्तं नाथमासाद्य आवां व्यसनसागरात्। घोरादद्य समुत्तीर्णावुभावज्ञानमोहितौ ॥८-४९-११५॥

bhavantaṃ nātham āsādya āvāṃ vyasana-sāgarāt। ghorād adya samuttīrṇāv ubhāv ajñāna-mohitau ॥8-49-115॥

[भवन्तं (bhavantam) - to the lord; नाथम् (nātham) - master; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached; आवाम् (āvām) - we both; व्यसनसागरात् (vyasana-sāgarāt) - from the ocean of distress; घोरात् (ghorāt) - terrible; अद्य (adya) - today; समुत्तीर्णौ (samuttīrṇau) - crossed over; उभौ (ubhau) - both; अज्ञानमोहितौ (ajñāna-mohitau) - deluded by ignorance;]

(Having approached you, the master, today we both have crossed over the terrible ocean of distress, both deluded by ignorance.)

Having approached you, our lord and master, today we have both crossed over the terrible ocean of distress, despite being deluded by ignorance.

त्वद्बुद्धिप्लवमासाद्य दुःखशोकार्णवाद्वयम्। समुत्तीर्णाः सहामात्याः सनाथाः स्म त्वयाच्युत ॥८-४९-११६॥

tvad-buddhi-plavam-āsādya duḥkha-śoka-arṇava-dvayam। samuttīrṇāḥ saha-amātyāḥ sanāthāḥ sma tvayācyuta ॥8-49-116॥

[त्वत् (tvat) - your; बुद्धि (buddhi) - intellect; प्लवम् (plavam) - boat; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached; दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow; शोक (śoka) - grief; अर्णव (arṇava) - ocean; द्वयम् (dvayam) - dual; समुत्तीर्णाः (samuttīrṇāḥ) - crossed over; सह (saha) - with; अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - ministers; सनाथाः (sanāthāḥ) - protected; स्म (sma) - were; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; अच्युत (acyuta) - O infallible one;]

(Having reached the boat of your intellect, we crossed over the dual ocean of sorrow and grief, protected with ministers, by you, O infallible one.)

By reaching the boat of your wisdom, we, along with the ministers, have crossed the dual ocean of sorrow and grief, being protected by you, O Achyuta.