12.008
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
अथार्जुन उवाचेदमधिक्षिप्त इवाक्षमी। अभिनीततरं वाक्यं दृढवादपराक्रमः ॥१२-८-१॥
athārjuna uvācedam adhikṣipta ivākṣamī। abhinītataraṃ vākyaṃ dṛḍhavādaparākramaḥ ॥12-8-1॥
[अथ (atha) - then; अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna; उवाच (uvāca) - said; इदम् (idam) - this; अधिक्षिप्त (adhikṣipta) - reproached; इव (iva) - as if; अक्षमी (akṣamī) - impatient; अभिनीततरं (abhinītataraṃ) - more unrestrained; वाक्यं (vākyaṃ) - speech; दृढवादपराक्रमः (dṛḍhavādaparākramaḥ) - one whose strength is in firm speech;]
(Then Arjuna said this, as if reproached and impatient, a more unrestrained speech, being one whose strength is in firm speech.)
Then Arjuna, as if reproached and impatient, spoke these words with even greater lack of restraint, being one whose strength lies in resolute speech.
दर्शयन्नैन्द्रिरात्मानमुग्रमुग्रपराक्रमः। स्मयमानो महातेजाः सृक्किणी संलिहन्मुहुः ॥१२-८-२॥
darśayann aindrir ātmānam ugram ugra-parākramaḥ। smayamāno mahā-tejāḥ sṛkkiṇī saṃlihan muhuḥ॥12-8-2॥
[दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing; ऐन्द्रिः (aindriḥ) - Indra's (son); आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself; उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce; उग्रपराक्रमः (ugra-parākramaḥ) - of great prowess; स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling; महातेजाः (mahā-tejāḥ) - of great brilliance; सृक्किणी (sṛkkiṇī) - his lips; संलिहन् (saṃlihan) - licking; मुहुः (muhuḥ) - again and again;]
(Showing himself, Indra's (son), fierce, of great prowess, smiling, of great brilliance, his lips licking again and again.)
Displaying himself, the son of Indra, fierce and of great prowess, smiling with great brilliance, repeatedly licked his lips.
अहो दुःखमहो कृच्छ्रमहो वैक्लव्यमुत्तमम्। यत्कृत्वामानुषं कर्म त्यजेथाः श्रियमुत्तमाम् ॥१२-८-३॥
aho duḥkham aho kṛcchram aho vaiklavyam uttamam। yat kṛtvā mānuṣam karma tyajethāḥ śriyam uttamām॥12-8-3॥
[अहो (aho) - indeed; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; अहो (aho) - indeed; कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - difficulty; अहो (aho) - indeed; वैक्लव्यम् (vaiklavyam) - despondency; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; यत् (yat) - which; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human; कर्म (karma) - action; त्यजेथाः (tyajethāḥ) - you would abandon; श्रियाम् (śriyam) - prosperity; उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - supreme;]
(Indeed suffering, indeed difficulty, indeed supreme despondency it is, that having performed a human action, you would abandon supreme prosperity.)
How great is the suffering, the difficulty, the utmost despondency, that after performing a human act, you would give up the highest prosperity!
शत्रून्हत्वा महीं लब्ध्वा स्वधर्मेणोपपादिताम्। हतामित्रः कथं सर्वं त्यजेथा बुद्धिलाघवात् ॥१२-८-४॥
śatrūn hatvā mahīṃ labdhvā svadharmeṇa upapāditām। hatāmitraḥ kathaṃ sarvaṃ tyajethā buddhilāghavāt ॥12-8-4॥
[शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies (accusative plural); हत्वा (hatvā) - having slain; महीं (mahīṃ) - the earth (accusative singular); लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by one's own duty; उपपादिताम् (upapāditām) - acquired; हतामित्रः (hatāmitraḥ) - with enemies slain; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; त्यजेथा (tyajethā) - would you abandon; बुद्धिलाघवात् (buddhilāghavāt) - out of weakness of understanding;]
(Having slain the enemies and obtained the earth acquired by one's own duty, with the enemies slain, how would you abandon all out of weakness of understanding?)
Having slain your enemies and gained the earth through your own righteous duty, with your foes destroyed, how could you abandon everything out of weakness of intellect?
क्लीबस्य हि कुतो राज्यं दीर्घसूत्रस्य वा पुनः। किमर्थं च महीपालानवधीः क्रोधमूर्छितः ॥१२-८-५॥
klībasya hi kuto rājyaṃ dīrghasūtrasya vā punaḥ। kimarthaṃ ca mahīpālānavadhīḥ krodhamūrcchitaḥ ॥12-8-5॥
[क्लीबस्य (klībasya) - of the unmanly; हि (hi) - indeed; कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; दीर्घसूत्रस्य (dīrghasūtrasya) - of the procrastinator; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose; च (ca) - and; महीपालान् (mahīpālān) - kings; अवधीः (avadhīḥ) - did you kill; क्रोधमूर्छितः (krodhamūrcchitaḥ) - overpowered by anger;]
(Of the unmanly indeed, from where (is) kingdom? Of the procrastinator or again? For what purpose and (the) kings did you kill, overpowered by anger?)
How can an unmanly person or a procrastinator ever rule a kingdom? Why did you, overpowered by anger, kill the kings?
यो ह्याजिजीविषेद्भैक्ष्यं कर्मणा नैव केनचित्। समारम्भान्बुभूषेत हतस्वस्तिरकिञ्चनः ॥ सर्वलोकेषु विख्यातो न पुत्रपशुसंहितः ॥१२-८-६॥
yo hy ājijīviṣed bhaikṣyaṃ karmaṇā naiva kenacit। samārambhān bubhūṣeta hatasvastir akiñcanaḥ ॥ sarvalokeṣu vikhyāto na putrapaśusaṃhitaḥ ॥12-8-6॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; आजिजीविषेत् (ājijīviṣet) - should live (by); भैक्ष्यम् (bhaikṣyam) - alms; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - at all; केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone; समारम्भान् (samārambhān) - undertakings; बुभूषेत (bubhūṣeta) - should desire; हतस्वस्तिः (hatasvastiḥ) - whose welfare is destroyed; अकिञ्चनः (akiñcanaḥ) - one who possesses nothing; सर्वलोकेषु (sarvalokeṣu) - in all worlds; विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - renowned; न (na) - not; पुत्रपशुसंहितः (putrapaśusaṃhitaḥ) - attached to sons and cattle;]
(Who indeed should live by alms, not by any action at all; one who possesses nothing, whose welfare is destroyed, should not desire undertakings. In all worlds, he is renowned, not attached to sons and cattle.)
He who truly wishes to live by alms, not by any action whatsoever, and who, having lost all well-being and possessions, does not seek new undertakings—such a one is renowned in all worlds, not bound by attachment to sons or cattle.
कापालीं नृप पापिष्ठां वृत्तिमास्थाय जीवतः। सन्त्यज्य राज्यमृद्धं ते लोकोऽयं किं वदिष्यति ॥१२-८-७॥
kāpālīṃ nṛpa pāpiṣṭhāṃ vṛttim āsthāya jīvataḥ। santyajya rājyam ṛddhaṃ te loko'yaṃ kiṃ vadiṣyati॥12-8-7॥
[कापालीं (kāpālīṃ) - of a skull-bearer; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; पापिष्ठां (pāpiṣṭhāṃ) - most sinful; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - conduct; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted; जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living; सन्त्यज्य (santyajya) - having abandoned; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; ऋद्धम् (ṛddham) - prosperous; ते (te) - your; लोकः (lokaḥ) - people; अयम् (ayam) - this; किम् (kim) - what; वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati) - will say;]
(O king, having adopted the most sinful conduct of a skull-bearer and living, having abandoned your prosperous kingdom, what will these people say?)
O king, if you live having adopted the most sinful conduct of a skull-bearer, abandoning your prosperous kingdom, what will people say about you?
सर्वारम्भान्समुत्सृज्य हतस्वस्तिरकिञ्चनः। कस्मादाशंससे भैक्ष्यं चर्तुं प्राकृतवत्प्रभो ॥१२-८-८॥
sarvārambhān samutsṛjya hatasvastir akiñcanaḥ। kasmād āśaṁsase bhaikṣyaṁ cartuṁ prākṛtavat prabho ॥12-8-8॥
[सर्वारम्भान् (sarvārambhān) - all undertakings; समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having completely abandoned; हतस्वस्ति (hatasvasti) - destroyed well-being; अकिञ्चनः (akiñcanaḥ) - one who possesses nothing; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; आशंससे (āśaṁsase) - do you desire; भैक्ष्यम् (bhaikṣyam) - alms; चर्तुं (cartuṁ) - to go about; प्राकृतवत् (prākṛtavat) - like an ordinary person; प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord;]
(Having completely abandoned all undertakings, with destroyed well-being, possessing nothing, why do you desire to go about for alms like an ordinary person, O Lord?)
O Lord, having given up all undertakings, with your well-being destroyed and possessing nothing, why do you wish to wander for alms like an ordinary man?
अस्मिन्राजकुले जातो जित्वा कृत्स्नां वसुन्धराम्। धर्मार्थावखिलौ हित्वा वनं मौढ्यात्प्रतिष्ठसे ॥१२-८-९॥
asmin rājakule jāto jitvā kṛtsnāṃ vasundharām। dharmārthāvakhilau hitvā vanaṃ mauḍhyāt pratiṣṭhase ॥12-8-9॥
[अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; राजकुले (rājakule) - royal family; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire; वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - earth; धर्मार्थाव् (dharmārthau) - dharma and artha; अखिलौ (akhilau) - both; हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; वनम् (vanam) - forest; मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - out of folly; प्रतिष्ठसे (pratiṣṭhase) - you set out;]
(Born in this royal family, having conquered the entire earth, having abandoned both dharma and artha, you set out to the forest out of folly.)
You, born in this royal family and having conquered the whole earth, have abandoned both righteousness and wealth, and, out of folly, you set out for the forest.
यदीमानि हवींषीह विमथिष्यन्त्यसाधवः। भवता विप्रहीणानि प्राप्तं त्वामेव किल्बिषम् ॥१२-८-१०॥
yadī māni havīṃṣīha vimathiṣyanty asādhavaḥ। bhavatā viprahīṇāni prāptaṃ tvām eva kilbiṣam ॥12-8-10॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; इमानि (imāni) - these; हवींषि (havīṃṣi) - oblations; इह (iha) - here; विमथिष्यन्ति (vimathiṣyanti) - will destroy; असाधवः (asādhavaḥ) - the wicked; भवता (bhavatā) - by you; विप्रहीणानि (viprahīṇāni) - deprived of a Brāhmaṇa; प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; एव (eva) - indeed; किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin;]
(If these oblations here will be destroyed by the wicked, deprived of a Brāhmaṇa by you, the sin indeed has come to you.)
If these oblations here are destroyed by the wicked, and, being deprived of a Brāhmaṇa by you, the sin has indeed come to you.
आकिञ्चन्यमनाशास्यमिति वै नहुषोऽब्रवीत्। कृत्या नृशंसा ह्यधने धिगस्त्वधनतामिह ॥१२-८-११॥
ākiñcanyamanāśāsyamiti vai nahuṣo'bravīt। kṛtyā nṛśaṃsā hyadhane dhigastvadhanatāmiha ॥12-8-11॥
[आकिञ्चन्यम् (ākiñcanyam) - state of having nothing; अनाशास्यम् (anāśāsyam) - not to be desired; इति (iti) - thus; वै (vai) - indeed; नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa (a king); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; कृत्या (kṛtyā) - evil deed; नृशंसा (nṛśaṃsā) - cruelty; हि (hi) - indeed; अधने (adhane) - in the poor; धिक् (dhik) - condemnation; अस्तु (astu) - let there be; अधनताम् (adhanatām) - poverty; इह (iha) - here;]
(The state of having nothing is not to be desired—thus indeed Nahuṣa said: Evil deed and cruelty are indeed found in the poor; let there be condemnation of poverty here.)
Nahuṣa said, "The state of having nothing is not to be desired." Evil deeds and cruelty are indeed found among the poor; let poverty be condemned here.
अश्वस्तनमृषीणां हि विद्यते वेद तद्भवान्। यं त्विमं धर्ममित्याहुर्धनादेष प्रवर्तते ॥१२-८-१२॥
aśvastanam ṛṣīṇāṃ hi vidyate veda tad bhavān। yaṃ tv imaṃ dharmam ity āhur dhanād eṣa pravartate ॥12-8-12॥
[अश्वस्तनम् (aśvastanam) - the trust; ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages; हि (hi) - indeed; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; वेद (veda) - knows; तत् (tat) - that; भवान् (bhavān) - you; यम् (yam) - which; त्व् (tv) - you; इमम् (imam) - this; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds;]
(The trust of the sages indeed exists, you know that. Which, this dharma, thus they say, from wealth this proceeds.)
Indeed, the trust of the sages exists, and you know that. They say that this dharma, which you refer to, proceeds from wealth.
धर्मं संहरते तस्य धनं हरति यस्य यः। ह्रियमाणे धने राजन्वयं कस्य क्षमेमहि ॥१२-८-१३॥
dharmaṃ saṃharate tasya dhanaṃ harati yasya yaḥ। hriyamāṇe dhane rājan vayaṃ kasya kṣamemahi॥12-8-13॥
[धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; संहरते (saṃharate) - removes; तस्य (tasya) - his; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; हरति (harati) - takes away; यस्य (yasya) - whose; यः (yaḥ) - who; ह्रियमाणे (hriyamāṇe) - being taken away; धने (dhane) - wealth; राजन् (rājan) - O king; वयम् (vayam) - we; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; क्षमेमहि (kṣamemahi) - should forgive;]
(He removes duty, his wealth is taken away by whom. When the wealth is being taken away, O king, of whom should we forgive?)
O king, the one who removes his duty, his wealth is taken away. When wealth is being taken away, O king, whom should we forgive?
अभिशस्तवत्प्रपश्यन्ति दरिद्रं पार्श्वतः स्थितम्। दारिद्र्यं पातकं लोके कस्तच्छंसितुमर्हति ॥१२-८-१४॥
abhiśastavat prapaśyanti daridraṃ pārśvataḥ sthitam। dāridryaṃ pātakaṃ loke kas tac chaṃsitum arhati॥12-8-14॥
[अभिशस्तवत् (abhiśastavat) - like one who is cursed; प्रपश्यन्ति (prapaśyanti) - they look upon; दरिद्रं (daridram) - the poor man; पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - at the side; स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing; दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty; पातकम् (pātakam) - a sin; लोके (loke) - in the world; कः (kaḥ) - who; तत् (tat) - that; शंसितुम् (śaṃsitum) - to praise; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy;]
(They look upon the poor man standing at the side as if he is cursed; in the world, who is worthy to praise that poverty, which is a sin?)
People look at the poor man standing nearby as if he is cursed; in this world, who would ever praise poverty, which is considered a sin?
पतितः शोच्यते राजन्निर्धनश्चापि शोच्यते। विशेषं नाधिगच्छामि पतितस्याधनस्य च ॥१२-८-१५॥
patitaḥ śocyate rājan nirdhanaś cāpi śocyate। viśeṣaṃ nādhigacchāmi patitasya adhanasya ca ॥12-8-15॥
[पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen; शोच्यते (śocyate) - is lamented; राजन् (rājan) - O king; निर्धनः (nirdhanaḥ) - impoverished; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; शोच्यते (śocyate) - is lamented; विशेषं (viśeṣam) - distinction; न (na) - not; अधिगच्छामि (adhigacchāmi) - I perceive; पतितस्य (patitasya) - of the fallen; अधनस्य (adhanasya) - of the poor; च (ca) - and;]
(The fallen is lamented, O king, and the impoverished also is lamented. I do not perceive any distinction between the fallen and the poor.)
O king, both the fallen and the poor are lamented; I see no real difference between one who has fallen and one who is destitute.
अर्थेभ्यो हि विवृद्धेभ्यः सम्भृतेभ्यस्ततस्ततः। क्रियाः सर्वाः प्रवर्तन्ते पर्वतेभ्य इवापगाः ॥१२-८-१६॥
arthebhyo hi vivṛddhebhyaḥ sambhṛtebhyas tatastataḥ। kriyāḥ sarvāḥ pravartante parvatebhya ivāpagāḥ ॥12-8-16॥
[अर्थेभ्यः (arthebhyaḥ) - from resources; हि (hi) - indeed; विवृद्धेभ्यः (vivṛddhebhyaḥ) - from increased (ones); सम्भृतेभ्यः (sambhṛtebhyaḥ) - from accumulated (ones); ततः (tataḥ) - from that; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - proceed; पर्वतेभ्यः (parvatebhyaḥ) - from mountains; इव (iva) - like; आपगाः (āpagāḥ) - rivers;]
(Indeed, from resources, from increased and accumulated (ones), from that and that, all actions proceed, like rivers from mountains.)
Indeed, all actions proceed from resources that are increased and accumulated, just as rivers flow from mountains.
अर्धाद्धर्मश्च कामश्च स्वर्गश्चैव नराधिप। प्राणयात्रा हि लोकस्य विनार्थं न प्रसिध्यति ॥१२-८-१७॥
ardhāddharmaś ca kāmaś ca svargaś caiva narādhipa। prāṇayātrā hi lokasya vinārthaṃ na prasidhyati ॥12-8-17॥
[अर्धात् (ardhāt) - from wealth; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king; प्राणयात्रा (prāṇayātrā) - maintenance of life; हि (hi) - indeed; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; विनार्थम् (vinārtham) - without wealth; न (na) - not; प्रसिध्यति (prasidhyati) - is accomplished;]
(O king, from wealth come righteousness, desire, and heaven; indeed, the maintenance of life in the world is not accomplished without wealth.)
O king, righteousness, desire, and heaven all arise from wealth; for the maintenance of life in this world is not possible without wealth.
अर्थेन हि विहीनस्य पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसः। व्युच्छिद्यन्ते क्रियाः सर्वा ग्रीष्मे कुसरितो यथा ॥१२-८-१८॥
arthena hi vihīnasya puruṣasyālpamedhasaḥ। vyucchidyante kriyāḥ sarvā grīṣme kusarito yathā ॥12-8-18॥
[अर्थेन (arthena) - by wealth; हि (hi) - indeed; विहीनस्य (vihīnasya) - of one deprived; पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the man; अल्पमेधसः (alpamedhasaḥ) - of little intelligence; व्युच्छिद्यन्ते (vyucchidyante) - are destroyed; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions; सर्वा (sarvā) - all; ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer; कुसरितः (kusaritaḥ) - small streams; यथा (yathā) - just as;]
(Indeed, for the man of little intelligence who is deprived of wealth, all actions are destroyed, just as small streams (are dried up) in summer.)
For a man of little intelligence who is deprived of wealth, all his undertakings perish, just as small streams dry up in the summer.
यस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि यस्यार्थास्तस्य बान्धवाः। यस्यार्थाः स पुमाँल्लोके यस्यार्थाः स च पण्डितः ॥१२-८-१९॥
yasyārthāstasya mitrāṇi yasyārthāstasya bāndhavāḥ। yasyārthāḥ sa pumāṃlloke yasyārthāḥ sa ca paṇḍitaḥ ॥12-8-19॥
[यस्यार्थाः (yasyārthāḥ) - for whose sake; for whose purpose; तस्य (tasya) - his; of him; मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends; यस्यार्थाः (yasyārthāḥ) - for whose sake; for whose purpose; तस्य (tasya) - his; of him; बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives; यस्यार्थाः (yasyārthāḥ) - for whose sake; for whose purpose; सः (saḥ) - he; पुमान् (pumān) - man; लोके (loke) - in the world; यस्यार्थाः (yasyārthāḥ) - for whose sake; for whose purpose; सः (saḥ) - he; च (ca) - and; पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise; learned; १२-८-१९ (12-8-19) - 12-8-19;]
(For whose sake, his are friends; for whose sake, his are relatives; for whose sake, he is a man in the world; for whose sake, he is also wise. "12-8-19".)
Those for whose sake one acts are his friends; those for whose sake one acts are his relatives; those for whose sake one acts are considered men in the world; those for whose sake one acts are also considered wise. "12-8-19".
अधनेनार्थकामेन नार्थः शक्यो विवित्सता। अर्थैरर्था निबध्यन्ते गजैरिव महागजाः ॥१२-८-२०॥
adhanenārthakāmena nārthaḥ śakyo vivitsatā। arthairarthā nibadhyante gajairiva mahāgajāḥ ॥12-8-20॥
[अधनेन (adhanena) - by the poor; by one without wealth; अर्थकामेन (arthakāmena) - by one desiring wealth; न (na) - not; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible; विवित्सता (vivitsatā) - by one wishing to know; by one seeking to obtain; अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by means of wealth; by riches; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealths; objects of desire; निबध्यन्ते (nibadhyante) - are bound; are secured; गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants; इव (iva) - like; as; महागजाः (mahāgajāḥ) - great elephants;]
(By the poor, by one desiring wealth, wealth is not possible to be obtained; by means of wealth, wealths are secured, like great elephants by elephants.)
A person without wealth who desires wealth cannot obtain it; wealth is secured by wealth, just as great elephants are bound by elephants.
धर्मः कामश्च स्वर्गश्च हर्षः क्रोधः श्रुतं दमः। अर्थादेतानि सर्वाणि प्रवर्तन्ते नराधिप ॥१२-८-२१॥
dharmaḥ kāmaś ca svargaś ca harṣaḥ krodhaḥ śrutaṃ damaḥ। arthād etāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa ॥12-8-21॥
[धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; च (ca) - and; हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; अर्थात् (arthāt) - from wealth; एतानि (etāni) - these; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - proceed; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(Righteousness, desire, heaven, joy, anger, learning, self-restraint—all these, O king, proceed from wealth.)
O king, righteousness, desire, heaven, joy, anger, learning, and self-restraint—all these arise from wealth.
धनात्कुलं प्रभवति धनाद्धर्मः प्रवर्तते। नाधनस्यास्त्ययं लोको न परः पुरुषोत्तम ॥१२-८-२२॥
dhanātkulaṃ prabhavati dhanāddharmaḥ pravartate। nādhanasyāstyayaṃ loko na paraḥ puruṣottama ॥12-8-22॥
[धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth; कुलं (kulaṃ) - family; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds; न (na) - not; अधनस्य (adhanasya) - of the poor; अस्ति (asti) - there is; अयम् (ayam) - this; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; न (na) - not; परः (paraḥ) - higher; पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - O best among men;]
(From wealth, family arises; from wealth, righteousness proceeds. For the poor, there is not this world nor the next, O best among men.)
O best among men, from wealth comes family, from wealth comes righteousness. For the poor, there is neither this world nor the next.
नाधनो धर्मकृत्यानि यथावदनुतिष्ठति। धनाद्धि धर्मः स्रवति शैलाद्गिरिनदी यथा ॥१२-८-२३॥
nādhano dharmakṛtyāni yathāvad anutiṣṭhati। dhanāddhi dharmaḥ sravati śailād girinadī yathā ॥12-8-23॥
[न (na) - not; अधनः (adhanaḥ) - a poor man; धर्मकृत्यानि (dharmakṛtyāni) - acts of dharma; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - performs; धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; स्रवति (sravati) - flows; शैलात् (śailāt) - from a mountain; गिरिनदी (girinadī) - mountain river; यथा (yathā) - just as;]
(A poor man does not properly perform acts of dharma. Indeed, dharma flows from wealth just as a mountain river flows from a mountain.)
A poor person cannot properly perform acts of dharma; for, just as a river flows from a mountain, so too does dharma arise from wealth.
यः कृशाश्वः कृशगवः कृशभृत्यः कृशातिथिः। स वै राजन्कृशो नाम न शरीरकृशः कृशः ॥१२-८-२४॥
yaḥ kṛśāśvaḥ kṛśagavaḥ kṛśabhṛtyaḥ kṛśātithiḥ। sa vai rājan kṛśo nāma na śarīrakṛśaḥ kṛśaḥ ॥12-8-24॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; कृशाश्वः (kṛśāśvaḥ) - having thin horses; कृशगवः (kṛśagavaḥ) - having thin cows; कृशभृत्यः (kṛśabhṛtyaḥ) - having thin servants; कृशातिथिः (kṛśātithiḥ) - having thin guests; स (sa) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - Kṛśa (name); नाम (nāma) - by name; न (na) - not; शरीरकृशः (śarīrakṛśaḥ) - thin in body; कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin;]
(Who has thin horses, thin cows, thin servants, thin guests—he indeed, O king, is called Kṛśa, not thin in body, (but) Kṛśa (by name).)
O king, he who has thin horses, cows, servants, and guests is called 'Kṛśa'—not because his body is thin, but that is his name.
अवेक्षस्व यथान्यायं पश्य देवासुरं यथा। राजन्किमन्यज्ज्ञातीनां वधादृध्यन्ति देवताः ॥१२-८-२५॥
avekṣasva yathā-nyāyaṃ paśya deva-asuraṃ yathā। rājan kim anyat jñātīnām vadhāt ṛdhyanti devatāḥ ॥12-8-25॥
[अवेक्षस्व (avekṣasva) - observe; यथा (yathā) - as; अन्यायं (anyāyaṃ) - improperly; पश्य (paśya) - see; देवासुरं (deva-asuraṃ) - the gods and asuras; यथा (yathā) - as; राजन् (rājan) - O king; किम् (kim) - what; अन्यत् (anyat) - else; ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of kinsmen; वधात् (vadhāt) - from killing; ऋध्यन्ति (ṛdhyanti) - prosper; देवताः (devatāḥ) - the gods;]
(Observe as is proper, see how the gods and asuras (act); O king, what else do the gods prosper from the killing of kinsmen?)
Observe properly and see how the gods and asuras act; O king, what else do the gods gain from the killing of their own kinsmen?
न चेद्धर्तव्यमन्यस्य कथं तद्धर्ममारभेत्। एतावानेव वेदेषु निश्चयः कविभिः कृतः ॥१२-८-२६॥
na ced dhartavyam anyasya kathaṃ tad dharma-mārabhet। etāvān eva vedeṣu niścayaḥ kavibhiḥ kṛtaḥ ॥12-8-26॥
[न (na) - not; चेत् (cet) - if; धर्तव्यम् (dhartavyam) - to be borne; अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of another; कथम् (katham) - how; तत् (tat) - that; धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty; आरभेत् (ārabhet) - should undertake; एतावान् (etāvān) - this much; एव (eva) - indeed; वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision; कविभिः (kavibhiḥ) - by the wise; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made;]
(If another's duty is not to be borne, how should one undertake that duty? This much indeed is the decision made by the wise in the Vedas.)
If one should not bear the duty of another, how could one undertake that duty? This is the conclusion established by the wise in the Vedas.
अध्येतव्या त्रयी विद्या भवितव्यं विपश्चिता। सर्वथा धनमाहार्यं यष्टव्यं चापि यत्नतः ॥१२-८-२७॥
adhyetavyā trayī vidyā bhavitavyaṃ vipaścitā। sarvathā dhanam āhāryaṃ yaṣṭavyaṃ ca api yatnataḥ ॥12-8-27॥
[अध्येतव्या (adhyetavyā) - to be studied; त्रयी (trayī) - the threefold (Veda); विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge; भवितव्यं (bhavitavyam) - to be done; विपश्चिता (vipaścitā) - by the wise; सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; आहार्यम् (āhāryam) - to be acquired; यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - to be sacrificed; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; यत्नतः (yatnataḥ) - with effort;]
(The threefold knowledge is to be studied, to be done by the wise; in every way, wealth is to be acquired, and also to be sacrificed with effort.)
The wise should study the threefold Vedic knowledge, perform their duties, acquire wealth in every way, and also offer sacrifices with effort.
द्रोहाद्देवैरवाप्तानि दिवि स्थानानि सर्वशः। इति देवा व्यवसिता वेदवादाश्च शाश्वताः ॥१२-८-२८॥
drohād devair avāptāni divi sthānāni sarvaśaḥ। iti devā vyavasitā vedavādāś ca śāśvatāḥ ॥12-8-28॥
[द्रोहात् (drohāt) - from hostility; देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods; अवाप्तानि (avāptāni) - obtained; दिवि (divi) - in heaven; स्थानानि (sthānāni) - positions; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in all ways; इति (iti) - thus; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; व्यवसिता (vyavasitā) - have decided; वेदवादाः (vedavādāḥ) - followers of the Veda; च (ca) - and; शाश्वताः (śāśvatāḥ) - eternal;]
(From hostility, by the gods, positions in heaven were obtained in all ways; thus the gods have decided, and the followers of the Veda are eternal.)
Because of hostility, the gods obtained all their positions in heaven; thus the gods have resolved, and the followers of the Veda are eternal.
अधीयन्ते तपस्यन्ति यजन्ते याजयन्ति च। कृत्स्नं तदेव च श्रेयो यदप्याददतेऽन्यतः ॥१२-८-२९॥
adhīyante tapasyanti yajante yājayanti ca। kṛtsnaṃ tadeva ca śreyo yadapyādadate'nyataḥ ॥12-8-29॥
[अधीयन्ते (adhīyante) - they study; (from dhī, to learn, with passive ending) तपस्यन्ति (tapasyanti) - they perform austerities; (from tapas, to heat, to perform penance) यजन्ते (yajante) - they sacrifice; (from yaj, to worship, to sacrifice) याजयन्ति (yājayanti) - they cause to sacrifice; (causative of yaj, to cause to perform sacrifice) च (ca) - and; कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire; whole; तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the better; superior; यत् (yat) - which; अपि (api) - also; even; आददते (ādadate) - they take; they accept; अन्यतः (anyataḥ) - from elsewhere;]
(They study, perform austerities, sacrifice, cause others to sacrifice, and whatever else they take from elsewhere, all that indeed is the better.)
They study, perform austerities, offer sacrifices, cause others to offer sacrifices, and whatever else they may accept from elsewhere—all this is indeed the best.
न पश्यामोऽनपहृतं धनं किञ्चित्क्वचिद्वयम्। एवमेव हि राजानो जयन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम् ॥१२-८-३०॥
na paśyāmo'napahṛtaṃ dhanaṃ kiñcit kvacid vayam। evam eva hi rājānaḥ jayanti pṛthivīm imām ॥12-8-30॥
[न (na) - not; पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see; अनपहृतम् (anapahṛtam) - not taken away; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - any; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; वयम् (vayam) - we; एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - for; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; जयन्ति (jayanti) - conquer; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth; इमाम् (imām) - this;]
(We do not see any wealth anywhere that has not been taken away; thus indeed, for, kings conquer this earth.)
We do not see any wealth anywhere that has not been seized; thus, indeed, kings conquer this earth.
जित्वा ममत्वं ब्रुवते पुत्रा इव पितुर्धने। राजर्षयो जितस्वर्गा धर्मो ह्येषां निगद्यते ॥१२-८-३१॥
jitvā mamatvaṃ bruvate putrā iva piturdhane। rājarṣayo jitasvargā dharmo hyeṣāṃ nigadyate ॥12-8-31॥
[जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; ममत्वं (mamatvaṃ) - possessiveness; ब्रुवते (bruvate) - they say; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; इव (iva) - like; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धने (dhane) - in the wealth; राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages; जितस्वर्गाः (jitasvargāḥ) - having conquered heaven; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; हि (hi) - indeed; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; निगद्यते (nigadyate) - is declared;]
(Having conquered possessiveness, they speak like sons regarding the wealth of their father. The royal sages, having conquered heaven, for these indeed righteousness is declared.)
Having overcome possessiveness, the royal sages speak of wealth as sons would of their father's property. For these, who have conquered heaven, righteousness is indeed proclaimed.
यथैव पूर्णादुदधेः स्यन्दन्त्यापो दिशो दश। एवं राजकुलाद्वित्तं पृथिवीं प्रतितिष्ठति ॥१२-८-३२॥
yathaiva pūrṇādudadheḥ syandantyāpo diśo daśa। evaṃ rājakulādvittaṃ pṛthivīṃ pratitiṣṭhati ॥12-8-32॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; एव (eva) - indeed; पूर्णात् (pūrṇāt) - from the full; उदधेः (udadheḥ) - of the ocean; स्यन्दन्ति (syandanti) - flow; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions; दश (daśa) - ten; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; राजकुलात् (rājakulāt) - from the royal family; वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth; प्रतितिष्ठति (pratitiṣṭhati) - pervades;]
(Just as indeed from the full ocean waters flow in the ten directions, thus from the royal family wealth pervades the earth.)
Just as waters flow in all ten directions from the full ocean, so too does wealth from the royal family spread throughout the earth.
आसीदियं दिलीपस्य नृगस्य नहुषस्य च। अम्बरीषस्य मान्धातुः पृथिवी सा त्वयि स्थिता ॥१२-८-३३॥
āsīd iyaṃ dilīpasya nṛgasya nahuṣasya ca। ambarīṣasya māndhātuḥ pṛthivī sā tvayi sthitā ॥12-8-33॥
[आसीत् (āsīt) - was; इयं (iyaṃ) - this; दिलीपस्य (dilīpasya) - of Dilīpa; नृगस्य (nṛgasya) - of Nṛga; नहुषस्य (nahuṣasya) - of Nahuṣa; च (ca) - and; अम्बरीषस्य (ambarīṣasya) - of Ambarīṣa; मान्धातुः (māndhātuḥ) - of Māndhātu; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; सा (sā) - she; त्वयि (tvayi) - in you; स्थिता (sthitā) - abides;]
(This earth was of Dilīpa, of Nṛga, of Nahuṣa and of Ambarīṣa, of Māndhātu; she abides in you.)
This earth, which once belonged to Dilīpa, Nṛga, Nahuṣa, Ambarīṣa, and Māndhātu, now abides in you.
स त्वां द्रव्यमयो यज्ञः सम्प्राप्तः सर्वदक्षिणः। तं चेन्न यजसे राजन्प्राप्तस्त्वं देवकिल्बिषम् ॥१२-८-३४॥
sa tvāṃ dravyamayo yajñaḥ samprāptaḥ sarvadakṣiṇaḥ। taṃ cenn yajase rājanprāptastvaṃ devakilbiṣam ॥12-8-34॥
[स (sa) - he; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; द्रव्यमयः (dravyamayaḥ) - consisting of material; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - has arrived; सर्वदक्षिणः (sarvadakṣiṇaḥ) - with all gifts; तम् (tam) - that; चेत् (cet) - if; न (na) - not; यजसे (yajase) - you perform (the sacrifice); राजन् (rājan) - O king; प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - you have obtained; त्वम् (tvam) - you; देवकिल्बिषम् (devakilbiṣam) - divine sin;]
(He, the sacrifice consisting of material, with all gifts, has arrived for you. If you do not perform that, O king, you have obtained divine sin.)
He, the material sacrifice with all gifts, has come to you. If you do not perform that, O king, you will incur divine sin.
येषां राजाश्वमेधेन यजते दक्षिणावता। उपेत्य तस्यावभृथं पूताः सर्वे भवन्ति ते ॥१२-८-३५॥
yeṣāṃ rājaśvamedhena yajate dakṣiṇāvatā। upetya tasyāvabhṛthaṃ pūtāḥ sarve bhavanti te ॥12-8-35॥
[येषां (yeṣām) - of whom; राजाश्वमेधेन (rāja-aśvamedhena) - by the royal horse-sacrifice; यजते (yajate) - he sacrifices; दक्षिणावता (dakṣiṇāvatā) - with gifts; उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached; तस्य (tasya) - his; आवभृथं (āvabhṛtham) - the concluding bath; पूताः (pūtāḥ) - purified; सर्वे (sarve) - all; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; ते (te) - they;]
(Of whom he sacrifices by the royal horse-sacrifice with gifts, having approached his concluding bath, all they become purified.)
All those for whom the king performs the horse-sacrifice with gifts, having attended his concluding bath, become purified.
विश्वरूपो महादेवः सर्वमेधे महामखे। जुहाव सर्वभूतानि तथैवात्मानमात्मना ॥१२-८-३६॥
viśvarūpo mahādevaḥ sarvamedhe mahāmakhe। juhāva sarvabhūtāni tathaivātmānamātmanā ॥12-8-36॥
[विश्वरूपः (viśvarūpaḥ) - having the form of the universe; महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the great god; सर्वमेधे (sarvamedhe) - in the all-sacrifice; महामखे (mahāmakhe) - in the great sacrifice; जुहाव (juhāva) - he offered; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by himself;]
(The great god, having the form of the universe, in the all-sacrifice, in the great sacrifice, offered all beings, and likewise (offered) the self by himself.)
The great god Mahadeva, who embodies the universe, in the all-sacrifice and the great sacrifice, offered all beings and, in the same way, offered himself by his own self.
शाश्वतोऽयं भूतिपथो नास्यान्तमनुशुश्रुम। महान्दाशरथः पन्था मा राजन्कापथं गमः ॥१२-८-३७॥
śāśvato'yaṃ bhūtipatho nāsyāntamanuśuśruma। mahāndāśarathaḥ panthā mā rājan kāpathaṃ gamaḥ ॥12-8-37॥
[शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal; अयम् (ayam) - this; भूतिपथः (bhūtipathaḥ) - path of prosperity; न (na) - not; अस्य (asya) - of this; अन्तम् (antam) - end; अनुशुश्रुम (anuśuśruma) - we have heard; महान् (mahān) - great; दाशरथः (dāśarathaḥ) - descendant of Daśaratha; पन्था (panthā) - path; मा (mā) - do not; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कापथम् (kāpatham) - wrong path; गमः (gamaḥ) - go;]
(This path of prosperity is eternal; we have not heard of its end. The path of Daśaratha is great; O king, do not go on the wrong path.)
This path of prosperity is eternal; its end has never been heard of. The path of Daśaratha is great; O king, do not tread the wrong path.
