12.012
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
अर्जुनस्य वचः श्रुत्वा नकुलो वाक्यमब्रवीत्। राजानमभिसम्प्रेक्ष्य सर्वधर्मभृतां वरम् ॥१२-१२-१॥
arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā nakulo vākyam abravīt। rājānam abhisamprekṣya sarvadharmabhṛtāṃ varam ॥12-12-1॥
[अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna; वचः (vacaḥ) - words; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke; राजानम् (rājānam) - the king; अभिसम्प्रेक्ष्य (abhisamprekṣya) - having looked towards; सर्वधर्मभृताम् (sarvadharmabhṛtām) - of all upholders of dharma; वरम् (varam) - the best;]
(Having heard the words of Arjuna, Nakula spoke speech, having looked towards the king, the best among all upholders of dharma.)
After hearing Arjuna's words, Nakula addressed the king, who was the foremost among all upholders of dharma.
अनुरुध्य महाप्राज्ञो भ्रातुश्चित्तमरिंदमः। व्यूढोरस्को महाबाहुस्ताम्रास्यो मितभाषिता ॥१२-१२-२॥
anurudhya mahāprājño bhrātuś cittam ariṃdamaḥ। vyūḍhorasko mahābāhus tāmrāsyō mitabhāṣitā ॥12-12-2॥
[अनुरुध्य (anurudhya) - having followed; महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - the very wise one; भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother; चित्तम् (cittam) - mind; अरिंदमः (ariṃdamaḥ) - subduer of enemies; व्यूढोरस्कः (vyūḍhoraskaḥ) - broad-chested; महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed; ताम्रास्यः (tāmrāsyaḥ) - copper-faced; मितभाषिता (mitabhāṣitā) - of few words;]
(Having followed, the very wise one, subduer of enemies, the mind of the brother, broad-chested, mighty-armed, copper-faced, of few words.)
Having followed his brother's mind, the very wise and mighty-armed subduer of enemies, broad-chested and copper-faced, who spoke little.
विशाखयूपे देवानां सर्वेषामग्नयश्चिताः। तस्माद्विद्धि महाराज देवान्कर्मपथि स्थितान् ॥१२-१२-३॥
viśākhayūpe devānāṃ sarveṣāmagnayaścitāḥ। tasmādviddhi mahārāja devānkarmapathi sthitān ॥12-12-3॥
[विशाखयूपे (viśākhayūpe) - on the Viśākha-yūpa (sacrificial post); देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; अग्नयः (agnayaḥ) - fires; चिताः (citāḥ) - have been kindled; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; देवान् (devān) - the gods; कर्मपथि (karmapathi) - on the path of ritual action; स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing;]
(On the Viśākha-yūpa (sacrificial post), the fires of all the gods have been kindled. Therefore, know, O great king, the gods as standing on the path of ritual action.)
On the Viśākha-yūpa, the fires of all the gods have been kindled. Therefore, O great king, know that the gods are established on the path of ritual action.
अनास्तिकानास्तिकानां प्राणदाः पितरश्च ये। तेऽपि कर्मैव कुर्वन्ति विधिं पश्यस्व पार्थिव ॥ वेदवादापविद्धांस्तु तान्विद्धि भृशनास्तिकान् ॥१२-१२-४॥
anāstikānāstikānāṃ prāṇadāḥ pitaraś ca ye। te'pi karmaiva kurvanti vidhiṃ paśyasva pārthiva ॥ vedavādāpaviddhāṃs tu tān viddhi bhṛśanāstikān ॥12-12-4॥
[अनास्तिकानास्तिकानाम् (anāstikānāstikānām) - of the non-āstikas and non-āstikas; प्राणदाः (prāṇadāḥ) - givers of life; पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; ते (te) - they; अपि (api) - also; कर्म (karma) - action; एव (eva) - only; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - perform; विधिम् (vidhim) - procedure; पश्यस्व (paśyasva) - see; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; वेदवादापविद्धान् (vedavādāpaviddhān) - those cast away from Vedic doctrine; तु (tu) - but; तान् (tān) - them; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; भृश (bhṛśa) - utterly; अनास्तिकान् (anāstikān) - non-āstikas;]
(Those who are givers of life and ancestors of the non-āstikas and non-āstikas, they also perform only action, see the procedure, O king. But those who are cast away from Vedic doctrine, know them as utterly non-āstikas.)
O king, even those who are givers of life and ancestors among the non-āstikas, they too perform only actions according to procedure. But those who are cast away from Vedic doctrine, know them as utter non-āstikas.
न हि वेदोक्तमुत्सृज्य विप्रः सर्वेषु कर्मसु। देवयानेन नाकस्य पृष्ठमाप्नोति भारत ॥१२-१२-५॥
na hi vedoktamutsṛjya vipraḥ sarveṣu karmasu। devayānena nākasya pṛṣṭham āpnoti bhārata ॥12-12-5॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; वेदोक्तम् (vedoktam) - as said in the Veda; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - abandoning; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; कर्मसु (karmasu) - actions; देवयानेन (devayānena) - by the path of the gods; नाकस्य (nākasya) - of heaven; पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - the back (highest place); आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Not indeed, abandoning what is said in the Veda, does a brāhmaṇa in all actions, by the path of the gods, attain the back (highest place) of heaven, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, a brāhmaṇa who abandons what is prescribed in the Veda in all actions does not attain the highest place in heaven by the path of the gods.
अत्याश्रमानयं सर्वानित्याहुर्वेदनिश्चयाः। ब्राह्मणाः श्रुतिसम्पन्नास्तान्निबोध जनाधिप ॥१२-१२-६॥
atyāśramān ayaṃ sarvān ity āhur vedaniścayāḥ। brāhmaṇāḥ śrutisampannās tān nibodha janādhipa ॥12-12-6॥
[अत्याश्रमान् (atyāśramān) - beyond the āśramas; अयम् (ayam) - this; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; वेदनिश्चयाः (vedaniścayāḥ) - those whose certainty is the Veda; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; श्रुतिसम्पन्नाः (śrutisampannāḥ) - endowed with śruti; तान् (tān) - them; निबोध (nibodha) - know; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of the people;]
(Those whose certainty is the Veda, the Brāhmaṇas endowed with śruti, say that this (person) is beyond all the āśramas; know them, O lord of the people.)
O ruler of men, know those Brāhmaṇas endowed with śruti, whose conviction is based on the Veda, to be beyond all the āśramas.
वित्तानि धर्मलब्धानि क्रतुमुख्येष्ववासृजन्। कृतात्मसु महाराज स वै त्यागी स्मृतो नरः ॥१२-१२-७॥
vittāni dharmalabdhāni kratumukhyeṣv avāsṛjan। kṛtātmasu mahārāja sa vai tyāgī smṛto naraḥ ॥12-12-7॥
[वित्तानि (vittāni) - wealths; धर्मलब्धानि (dharmalabdhāni) - obtained by dharma; क्रतुमुख्येषु (kratumukhyeṣu) - in chief sacrifices; अवासृजन् (avāsṛjan) - they offered; कृतात्मसु (kṛtātmasu) - among those who have controlled themselves; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सः (saḥ) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Wealths obtained by dharma they offered in chief sacrifices among those who have controlled themselves, O great king; he indeed is considered a renouncer man.)
O great king, the man who offers wealth obtained by righteousness in chief sacrifices among the self-controlled is indeed considered a true renouncer.
अनवेक्ष्य सुखादानं तथैवोर्ध्वं प्रतिष्ठितः। आत्मत्यागी महाराज स त्यागी तामसः प्रभो ॥१२-१२-८॥
anavekṣya sukhādānaṃ tathaivordhvaṃ pratiṣṭhitaḥ। ātmatyāgī mahārāja sa tyāgī tāmasaḥ prabho ॥12-12-8॥
[अनवेक्ष्य (anavekṣya) - without considering; सुख (sukha) - happiness; आदानं (ādānaṃ) - acceptance; तथा (tathā) - so; एव (eva) - indeed; ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṃ) - afterwards; प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established; आत्मत्यागी (ātmatyāgī) - one who gives up the self; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सः (saḥ) - he; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - of tamas; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord;]
(Without considering, the acceptance of happiness, so indeed afterwards established, one who gives up the self, O great king, he, renouncer, of tamas, O lord.)
O great king, O lord, that renouncer who gives up the self without consideration, accepting happiness, and is established thus afterwards, is a renouncer of tamas.
अनिकेतः परिपतन्वृक्षमूलाश्रयो मुनिः। अपाचकः सदा योगी स त्यागी पार्थ भिक्षुकः ॥१२-१२-९॥
aniketaḥ paripatann-vṛkṣa-mūlāśrayo muniḥ। apācakaḥ sadā yogī sa tyāgī pārtha bhikṣukaḥ ॥12-12-9॥
[अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless; परिपतन् (paripatann) - wandering; वृक्ष-मूल-आश्रयः (vṛkṣa-mūla-āśrayaḥ) - tree-root-dwelling; मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; अपाचकः (apācakaḥ) - not-cooking; सदा (sadā) - always; योगी (yogī) - yogi; सः (saḥ) - he; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - mendicant;]
(Homeless, wandering, tree-root-dwelling sage, not-cooking, always yogi, he renouncer, O Pārtha, mendicant.)
O Pārtha, he who is homeless, wandering, dwelling at the roots of trees, a sage who does not cook, always a yogi, a renouncer, is a mendicant.
क्रोधहर्षावनादृत्य पैशुन्यं च विशां पते। विप्रो वेदानधीते यः स त्यागी गुरुपूजकः ॥१२-१२-१०॥
krodhaharṣāvanādṛtya paiśunyaṃ ca viśāṃ pate। vipro vedānadhīte yaḥ sa tyāgī gurupūjakaḥ ॥12-12-10॥
[क्रोध (krodha) - anger; हर्ष (harṣa) - delight; अवनादृत्य (avanādṛtya) - disregarding; पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - maliciousness; च (ca) - and; विशां (viśām) - of men; पते (pate) - O lord; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; अधीते (adhīte) - studies; यः (yaḥ) - who; सः (saḥ) - he; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; गुरुपूजकः (gurupūjakaḥ) - worshipper of the teacher;]
(Anger, delight, disregarding maliciousness and, O lord of men, the brāhmaṇa who studies the Vedas, who is a renouncer, worshipper of the teacher.)
O lord of men, the brāhmaṇa who, disregarding anger, delight, and maliciousness, studies the Vedas, is a renouncer and worshipper of the teacher.
आश्रमांस्तुलया सर्वान्धृतानाहुर्मनीषिणः। एकतस्ते त्रयो राजन्गृहस्थाश्रम एकतः ॥१२-१२-११॥
āśramāṃs tulayā sarvān dhṛtān āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। ekatas te trayo rājan gṛhasthāśrama ekataḥ ॥12-12-11॥
[आश्रमान् (āśramān) - hermitages; (spiritual stages of life); तुलया (tulayā) - with a balance; by comparison; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; धृतान् (dhṛtān) - held; maintained; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; sages; एकतः (ekataḥ) - on one side; ते (te) - those; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; राजन् (rājan) - O King; गृहस्थाश्रमः (gṛhasthāśramaḥ) - the householder stage; एकतः (ekataḥ) - on one side;]
(The wise say that all the hermitages, when weighed in a balance, are on one side, and the householder stage alone is on the other, O King.)
O King, the sages declare that if all the other āśramas are placed on one side of a scale, the householder āśrama alone balances them on the other.
समीक्षते तु योऽर्थं वै कामं स्वर्गं च भारत। अयं पन्था महर्षीणामियं लोकविदां गतिः ॥१२-१२-१२॥
samīkṣate tu yo'rthaṃ vai kāmaṃ svargaṃ ca bhārata। ayaṃ panthā maharṣīṇām iyaṃ lokavidāṃ gatiḥ ॥12-12-12॥
[समीक्षते (samīkṣate) - examines; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; अर्थम् (artham) - purpose; वै (vai) - indeed; कामम् (kāmam) - desire; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अयम् (ayam) - this; पन्था (panthā) - path; महर्षीणाम् (maharṣīṇām) - of the great sages; इयम् (iyam) - this; लोकविदाम् (lokavidām) - of the knowers of the world; गतिः (gatiḥ) - way;]
(But he who examines the purpose, indeed desire, and heaven, O Bhārata, this is the path of the great sages, this is the way of the knowers of the world.)
O Bhārata, he who examines purpose, desire, and heaven—this is the path of the great sages, this is the way of those who know the world.
इति यः कुरुते भावं स त्यागी भरतर्षभ। न यः परित्यज्य गृहान्वनमेति विमूढवत् ॥१२-१२-१३॥
iti yaḥ kurute bhāvaṃ sa tyāgī bharatarṣabha। na yaḥ parityajya gṛhān vanam eti vimūḍhavat ॥12-12-13॥
[इति (iti) - thus; यः (yaḥ) - who; कुरुते (kurute) - does; भावं (bhāvaṃ) - attitude; सः (saḥ) - he; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; न (na) - not; यः (yaḥ) - who; परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned; गृहान् (gṛhān) - houses; वनम् (vanam) - forest; एति (eti) - goes; विमूढवत् (vimūḍhavat) - like a deluded one;]
(Thus, who does the attitude, he is a renouncer, O best of the Bharatas; not who, having abandoned houses, goes to the forest like a deluded one.)
O best of the Bharatas, he is a true renouncer who acts with this attitude; not the one who, abandoning his home, goes to the forest like a confused person.
यदा कामान्समीक्षेत धर्मवैतंसिकोऽनृजुः। अथैनं मृत्युपाशेन कण्ठे बध्नाति मृत्युराट् ॥१२-१२-१४॥
yadā kāmān samīkṣeta dharmavaitaṁsiko'nṛjuḥ। athainaṃ mṛtyupāśena kaṇṭhe badhnāti mṛtyurāṭ ॥12-12-14॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; कामान् (kāmān) - desires (accusative plural); समीक्षेत (samīkṣeta) - should observe; धर्मवैतंसिकः (dharmavaitaṁsikaḥ) - one who is separated from dharma; अनृजुः (anṛjuḥ) - crooked; अथ (atha) - then; एनम् (enam) - him; मृत्युपाशेन (mṛtyupāśena) - by the noose of death; कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - on the neck; बध्नाति (badhnāti) - binds; मृत्युराट् (mṛtyurāṭ) - the lord of death;]
(When one who is separated from dharma and crooked should observe desires, then the lord of death binds him by the noose of death on the neck.)
When a person who is crooked and separated from righteousness contemplates desires, then the lord of death binds him by the noose of death around his neck.
अभिमानकृतं कर्म नैतत्फलवदुच्यते। त्यागयुक्तं महाराज सर्वमेव महाफलम् ॥१२-१२-१५॥
abhimānakṛtaṃ karma naitatphalavad ucyate। tyāgayuktaṃ mahārāja sarvam eva mahāphalam ॥12-12-15॥
[अभिमानकृतं (abhimānakṛtam) - done with pride; कर्म (karma) - action; न (na) - not; एतत् (etat) - this; फलवत् (phalavat) - fruitful; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; त्यागयुक्तं (tyāgayuktam) - endowed with renunciation; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]
(Action done with pride is not called fruitful; that which is endowed with renunciation, O great king, all indeed is of great fruit.)
Action performed with pride is not considered fruitful; O great king, all actions performed with renunciation indeed yield great results.
शमो दमस्तपो दानं सत्यं शौचमथार्जवम्। यज्ञो धृतिश्च धर्मश्च नित्यमार्षो विधिः स्मृतः ॥१२-१२-१६॥
śamo damastapo dānaṃ satyaṃ śaucam athārjavam। yajño dhṛtiś ca dharmaś ca nityam ārṣo vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ ॥12-12-16॥
[शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility; self-control; दमः (damaḥ) - restraint; control of senses; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; penance; दानम् (dānam) - charity; giving; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; veracity; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; cleanliness; अथ (atha) - and; moreover; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness; honesty; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; ritual offering; धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness; perseverance; च (ca) - and; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; duty; च (ca) - and; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; constantly; आर्षः (ārṣaḥ) - of the ṛṣis; of the sages; विधिः (vidhiḥ) - rule; injunction; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; is considered;]
(Tranquility, restraint, austerity, charity, truth, purity, and straightforwardness; sacrifice, steadfastness, and righteousness; always, the rule of the sages is remembered.)
Tranquility, self-restraint, austerity, charity, truthfulness, purity, straightforwardness, sacrifice, steadfastness, and righteousness—these are always regarded as the rules established by the sages.
पितृदेवातिथिकृते समारम्भोऽत्र शस्यते। अत्रैव हि महाराज त्रिवर्गः केवलं फलम् ॥१२-१२-१७॥
pitṛdevātithikṛte samārambho'tra śasyate। atraiva hi mahārāja trivargaḥ kevalaṃ phalam ॥12-12-17॥
[पितृ (pitṛ) - father; ancestor; देव (deva) - deity; god; अतिथि (atithi) - guest; कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of; for; समारम्भः (samārambhaḥ) - undertaking; commencement; अत्र (atra) - here; शस्यते (śasyate) - is praised; is recommended; अत्रैव (atraiva) - right here; in this very place; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; त्रिवर्गः (trivargaḥ) - the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); केवलम् (kevalam) - only; solely; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; result;]
(For the sake of father, deity, and guest, an undertaking is praised here. Right here indeed, O great king, the three aims are only the result.)
An undertaking performed for the sake of father, deity, and guest is praised here. Indeed, O great king, here alone the three aims of life yield their sole fruit.
एतस्मिन्वर्तमानस्य विधौ विप्रनिषेविते। त्यागिनः प्रसृतस्येह नोच्छित्तिर्विद्यते क्वचित् ॥१२-१२-१८॥
etasmin vartamānasya vidhau vipraniṣevi te। tyāginaḥ prasṛtasya iha nocchittir vidyate kvacit॥12-12-18॥
[एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this; वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of the present; विधौ (vidhau) - in the procedure; विप्रनिषेविते (vipraniṣevi te) - attended by the Brāhmaṇas; त्यागिनः (tyāginaḥ) - of the renouncer; प्रसृतस्य (prasṛtasya) - of the one who is liberal; इह (iha) - here; न (na) - not; उच्छित्तिः (ucchittiḥ) - destruction; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere;]
(In this present procedure attended by the Brāhmaṇas, for the renouncer who is liberal, here, there is no destruction anywhere.)
In this current practice, which is attended by Brāhmaṇas, there is never any destruction here for the generous renouncer.
असृजद्धि प्रजा राजन्प्रजापतिरकल्मषः। मां यक्ष्यन्तीति शान्तात्मा यज्ञैर्विविधदक्षिणैः ॥१२-१२-१९॥
asṛjaddhi prajā rājanprajāpatirakalmaṣaḥ। māṃ yakṣyantīti śāntātmā yajñairvividhadakṣiṇaiḥ ॥12-12-19॥
[असृजत् (asṛjat) - created; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures; राजन् (rājan) - O king; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (the lord of creatures); अकल्मषः (akalmaṣaḥ) - sinless; माम् (mām) - me; यक्ष्यन्ति (yakṣyanti) - will worship; इति (iti) - thus; शान्तात्मा (śāntātmā) - with peaceful mind; यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - with sacrifices; विविधदक्षिणैः (vividhadakṣiṇaiḥ) - with various gifts;]
(Indeed, O king, the sinless Prajāpati created creatures, (thinking) 'They will worship me with sacrifices and various gifts,' with a peaceful mind.)
O king, the sinless Prajāpati created the creatures, thinking with a peaceful mind, 'They will worship me with sacrifices and various gifts.'
वीरुधश्चैव वृक्षांश्च यज्ञार्थं च तथौषधीः। पशूंश्चैव तथा मेध्यान्यज्ञार्थानि हवींषि च ॥१२-१२-२०॥
vīrudhaś caiva vṛkṣāṃś ca yajñārthaṃ ca tathauṣadhīḥ| paśūṃś caiva tathā medhyān yajñārthāni havīṃṣi ca ॥12-12-20॥
[वीरुधः (vīrudhaḥ) - herbs; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees; च (ca) - and; यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the purpose of sacrifice; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; औषधीः (auṣadhīḥ) - medicinal plants; पशून् (paśūn) - animals; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - also; मेध्याः (medhyāḥ) - pure (fit for sacrifice); यज्ञार्थानि (yajñārthāni) - intended for sacrifice; हवींषि (havīṃṣi) - oblations; च (ca) - and;]
(Herbs and indeed trees and for the purpose of sacrifice and also medicinal plants; animals and indeed also pure (fit for sacrifice) intended for sacrifice oblations and.)
Herbs, trees, medicinal plants, animals, and pure sacrificial offerings, all these are meant for sacrifice.
गृहस्थाश्रमिणस्तच्च यज्ञकर्म विरोधकम्। तस्माद्गार्हस्थ्यमेवेह दुष्करं दुर्लभं तथा ॥१२-१२-२१॥
gṛhasthāśramiṇas tacca yajñakarma virodhakam। tasmād gārhasthyam eveha duṣkaraṃ durlabhaṃ tathā ॥12-12-21॥
[गृहस्थाश्रमिणः (gṛhasthāśramiṇaḥ) - of householders; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; यज्ञकर्म (yajñakarma) - sacrificial acts; विरोधकम् (virodhakam) - opposing; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householdership; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult; दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(Of householders, that and sacrificial acts are opposing. Therefore, householdership indeed here is difficult, rare likewise.)
For householders, those sacrificial acts are opposed. Therefore, householdership here is indeed difficult and rare.
तत्सम्प्राप्य गृहस्था ये पशुधान्यसमन्विताः। न यजन्ते महाराज शाश्वतं तेषु किल्बिषम् ॥१२-१२-२२॥
tatsamprāpya gṛhasthā ye paśudhānyasamanvitāḥ। na yajante mahārāja śāśvataṃ teṣu kilbiṣam ॥12-12-22॥
[तत् (tat) - that; सम्प्राप्य (samprāpya) - having obtained; गृहस्थाः (gṛhasthāḥ) - householders; ये (ye) - who; पशु (paśu) - cattle; धान्य (dhānya) - grain; समन्विताः (samanvitāḥ) - endowed with; न (na) - not; यजन्ते (yajante) - perform sacrifice; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal; तेषु (teṣu) - in them; किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin;]
(That having obtained, householders who are endowed with cattle and grain, do not perform sacrifice, O great king; eternal is the sin in them.)
O great king, those householders who, having obtained that, are endowed with cattle and grain but do not perform sacrifice, indeed have eternal sin in them.
स्वाध्याययज्ञा ऋषयो ज्ञानयज्ञास्तथापरे। अथापरे महायज्ञान्मनसैव वितन्वते ॥१२-१२-२३॥
svādhyāyayajñā ṛṣayo jñānayajñāstathāpare| athāpare mahāyajñānmanasaiva vitanvate ॥12-12-23॥
[स्वाध्याययज्ञाः (svādhyāyayajñāḥ) - those whose sacrifice is study of the Veda; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the seers; ज्ञानयज्ञाः (jñānayajñāḥ) - those whose sacrifice is knowledge; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपरे (apare) - others; अथ (atha) - then; अपरे (apare) - others; महायज्ञान् (mahāyajñān) - great sacrifices; मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; एव (eva) - only; वितन्वते (vitanvate) - perform;]
(Those whose sacrifice is study of the Veda, the seers, those whose sacrifice is knowledge, likewise others; then others perform great sacrifices only by the mind.)
Some seers perform the sacrifice of study of the Veda, others the sacrifice of knowledge; likewise, others perform great sacrifices only with the mind.
एवं दानसमाधानं मार्गमातिष्ठतो नृप। द्विजातेर्ब्रह्मभूतस्य स्पृहयन्ति दिवौकसः ॥१२-१२-२४॥
evaṃ dānasamādhānaṃ mārgamātiṣṭhato nṛpa। dvijāter brahmabhūtasya spṛhayanti divaukasaḥ ॥12-12-24॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; दान (dāna) - gift; समाधानं (samādhānaṃ) - establishment; मार्गम् (mārgam) - path; आतिष्ठतः (ātiṣṭhataḥ) - of one who follows; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; द्विजातेः (dvijāteḥ) - of the twice-born; ब्रह्मभूतस्य (brahmabhūtasya) - who has become Brahman; स्पृहयन्ति (spṛhayanti) - desire; दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the dwellers of heaven;]
(Thus, O king, the dwellers of heaven desire the path of establishment in gift, followed by one who has become Brahman of the twice-born.)
Thus, O king, even the gods desire the path of giving and establishment, followed by a twice-born who has become Brahman.
स रत्नानि विचित्राणि सम्भृतानि ततस्ततः। मखेष्वनभिसन्त्यज्य नास्तिक्यमभिजल्पसि ॥ कुटुम्बमास्थिते त्यागं न पश्यामि नराधिप ॥१२-१२-२५॥
sa ratnāni vicitrāṇi sambhṛtāni tatastataḥ। makheṣv anabhisantyajya nāstikyam abhijalpasi ॥ kuṭumbam āsthite tyāgaṃ na paśyāmi narādhipa ॥12-12-25॥
[स (sa) - he; रत्नानि (ratnāni) - gems; विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - various; सम्भृतानि (sambhṛtāni) - collected; ततस्ततः (tatastataḥ) - here and there; मखेषु (makheṣu) - in sacrifices; अनभिसन्त्यज्य (anabhisantyajya) - without completely abandoning; नास्तिक्यम् (nāstikyam) - atheism; अभिजल्पसि (abhijalpasi) - you speak; कुटुम्बम् (kuṭumbam) - family; आस्थिते (āsthite) - being established; त्यागम् (tyāgam) - renunciation; न (na) - not; पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(He, having collected various gems here and there, without completely abandoning atheism in sacrifices, you speak. When established in family, O king, I do not see renunciation.)
He gathers various gems from here and there, and though he does not fully abandon atheism even in sacrifices, he speaks of it. O king, when one is settled in family life, I do not see renunciation.
राजसूयाश्वमेधेषु सर्वमेधेषु वा पुनः। य चान्ये क्रतवस्तात ब्राह्मणैरभिपूजिताः ॥ तैर्यजस्व महाराज शक्रो देवपतिर्यथा ॥१२-१२-२६॥
rājasūyāśvamedheṣu sarvamedheṣu vā punaḥ। ya cānye kratavastāta brāhmaṇairabhipūjitāḥ ॥ tairyajasva mahārāja śakro devapatiryathā ॥12-12-26॥
[राजसूय (rājasūya) - royal consecration sacrifice; अश्वमेधेषु (aśvamedheṣu) - in horse sacrifices; सर्वमेधेषु (sarvamedheṣu) - in all sacrifices; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; य (ya) - which; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - other; क्रतवः (kratavaḥ) - sacrifices; तात (tāta) - O dear one; ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brāhmaṇas; अभिपूजिताः (abhipūjitāḥ) - duly honored; तैः (taiḥ) - by those; यजस्व (yajasva) - perform (sacrifice); महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra; देवपतिः (devapatiḥ) - lord of the gods; यथा (yathā) - as; १२-१२-२६ (12-12-26) - 12-12-26;]
(In the Rājasūya, Aśvamedha, and Sarvamedha sacrifices, or again, and in other sacrifices, O dear one, which have been duly honored by Brāhmaṇas—by those, you should perform sacrifice, O great king, as Indra, the lord of the gods (did).)
O great king, you should perform sacrifices such as the Rājasūya, Aśvamedha, Sarvamedha, and others that have been duly honored by Brāhmaṇas, just as Indra, the lord of the gods, did.
राज्ञः प्रमाददोषेण दस्युभिः परिमुष्यताम्। अशरण्यः प्रजानां यः स राजा कलिरुच्यते ॥१२-१२-२७॥
rājñaḥ pramāda-doṣeṇa dasyubhiḥ parimuṣyatām। aśaraṇyaḥ prajānāṃ yaḥ sa rājā kalir ucyate ॥12-12-27॥
[राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; प्रमाद (pramāda) - of negligence; दोषेण (doṣeṇa) - by the fault; दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - by robbers; परिमुष्यताम् (parimuṣyatām) - being plundered; अशरण्यः (aśaraṇyaḥ) - without protection; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects; यः (yaḥ) - who; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; कलिः (kaliḥ) - Kali (the age of strife); उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Of the king, by the fault of negligence, by robbers being plundered, without protection of the subjects, who he king Kali is called.)
He is called a Kali king who, due to the fault of negligence, allows his subjects to be plundered by robbers and remain without protection.
अश्वान्गाश्चैव दासीश्च करेणूश्च स्वलङ्कृताः। ग्रामाञ्जनपदांश्चैव क्षेत्राणि च गृहाणि च ॥१२-१२-२८॥
aśvāṅgāś caiva dāsīś ca kareṇūś ca svalaṅkṛtāḥ। grāmāñ janapadāṃś caiva kṣetrāṇi ca gṛhāṇi ca ॥12-12-28॥
[अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses; गाश् (gāś) - cows; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दासीः (dāsīḥ) - maidservants; च (ca) - and; करेणूः (kareṇūḥ) - female elephants; च (ca) - and; स्वलङ्कृताः (svalaṅkṛtāḥ) - well-adorned; ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages; जनपदान् (janapadān) - districts; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; क्षेत्राणि (kṣetrāṇi) - fields; च (ca) - and; गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) - houses; च (ca) - and;]
(Horses, cows, and indeed maidservants, and female elephants, and well-adorned; villages, districts, and indeed fields and houses and.)
Horses, cows, maidservants, female elephants, all well-adorned, as well as villages, districts, fields, and houses.
अप्रदाय द्विजातिभ्यो मात्सर्याविष्टचेतसः। वयं ते राजकलयो भविष्यामो विशां पते ॥१२-१२-२९॥
apradāya dvijātibhyo mātsaryāviṣṭacetasaḥ। vayaṃ te rājakalayo bhaviṣyāmo viśāṃ pate ॥12-12-29॥
[अप्रदाय (apradāya) - not having given; द्विजातिभ्यः (dvijātibhyaḥ) - to the twice-born; मात्सर्याविष्टचेतसः (mātsaryāviṣṭacetasaḥ) - whose minds are filled with envy; वयम् (vayam) - we; ते (te) - your; राजकलयः (rājakalayaḥ) - royal dependents; भविष्यामः (bhaviṣyāmaḥ) - will become; विशां (viśām) - of the people; पते (pate) - O lord;]
(Not having given to the twice-born, whose minds are filled with envy, we, your royal dependents, will become, O lord of the people.)
O lord of the people, if we, your royal dependents, do not give to the twice-born due to minds filled with envy, this will be our fate.
अदाता रोऽशरण्याश्च राजकिल्बिषभागिनः। दुःखानामेव भोक्तारो न सुखानां कदाचन ॥१२-१२-३०॥
adātāro'śaraṇyāś ca rājakilbiṣabhāginaḥ। duḥkhānām eva bhoktāro na sukhānāṃ kadācana ॥12-12-30॥
[अदाता (adātāḥ) - non-givers; अशरण्याः (aśaraṇyāḥ) - those without refuge; च (ca) - and; राजकिल्बिषभागिनः (rājakilbiṣabhāginaḥ) - sharers in the king's sin; दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - of sufferings; एव (eva) - indeed; भोक्तारः (bhoktāraḥ) - enjoyers; न (na) - not; सुखानाम् (sukhānām) - of pleasures; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time;]
(Non-givers, those without refuge, and sharers in the king's sin are indeed enjoyers only of sufferings, never of pleasures at any time.)
Non-givers, those without refuge, and those who share in the king's sins experience only suffering and never any happiness at any time.
अनिष्ट्वा च महायज्ञैरकृत्वा च पितृस्वधाम्। तीर्थेष्वनभिसन्त्यज्य प्रव्रजिष्यसि चेदथ ॥१२-१२-३१॥
aniṣṭvā ca mahāyajñair akṛtvā ca pitṛsvadhām | tīrtheṣv anabhisantyajya pravrajiṣyasi ced atha ॥12-12-31॥
[अनिष्ट्वा (aniṣṭvā) - not having performed; च (ca) - and; महायज्ञैः (mahāyajñaiḥ) - by great sacrifices; अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - not having done; च (ca) - and; पितृस्वधाम् (pitṛsvadhām) - the oblation to the ancestors; तीर्थेषु (tīrtheṣu) - in holy places; अनभिसन्त्यज्य (anabhisantyajya) - not having completely abandoned; प्रव्रजिष्यसि (pravrajiṣyasi) - you will go forth (as an ascetic); चेत् (cet) - if; अथ (atha) - then;]
(Not having performed great sacrifices and not having done the oblation to the ancestors, not having completely abandoned (everything) in holy places, if then you will go forth (as an ascetic).)
If you go forth as an ascetic without having performed great sacrifices, without having done the oblation to the ancestors, and without having completely abandoned everything in holy places, then...
छिन्नाभ्रमिव गन्तासि विलयं मारुतेरितम्। लोकयोरुभयोर्भ्रष्टो ह्यन्तराले व्यवस्थितः ॥१२-१२-३२॥
chinnābhramiva gantāsi vilayaṃ māruteritam। lokayorubhayorbhraṣṭo hyantarāle vyavasthitaḥ ॥12-12-32॥
[छिन्न (chinna) - cut; severed; अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud; इव (iva) - like; as if; गन्तासि (gantāsi) - you will go; you will proceed; विलयम् (vilayam) - dissolution; disappearance; मारुतेरितम् (māruteritam) - driven by the wind; लोकयोः (lokayoḥ) - of the two worlds; उभयोः (ubhayor) - of both; भ्रष्टः (bhraṣṭaḥ) - fallen; dropped; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; अन्तराले (antarāle) - in the interval; in between; व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - situated; placed;]
(Like a severed cloud driven by the wind, you will go to dissolution; having fallen from both worlds, indeed, you are situated in the interval.)
You, having fallen from both worlds, are now situated in the interval, like a severed cloud driven by the wind, destined for dissolution.
अन्तर्बहिश्च यत्किञ्चिन्मनोव्यासङ्गकारकम्। परित्यज्य भवेत्त्यागी न यो हित्वा प्रतिष्ठते ॥१२-१२-३३॥
antarbahiś ca yat kiñcin manovyāsaṅgakārakam। parityajya bhavet tyāgī na yo hitvā pratiṣṭhate ॥12-12-33॥
[अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside; बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - whatever; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; व्यसङ्ग (vyāsaṅga) - attachment; कारकम् (kārakam) - cause; परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; न (na) - not; यः (yaḥ) - who; हित्वा (hitvā) - having given up; प्रतिष्ठते (pratiṣṭhate) - remains;]
(Inside and outside, whatever is anything that is a cause of attachment for the mind, having abandoned (all that), one should become a renouncer; not he who, having given up, remains.)
One should become a true renouncer by abandoning all causes of mental attachment, both internal and external; not he who merely gives up and remains.
एतस्मिन्वर्तमानस्य विधौ विप्रनिषेविते। ब्राह्मणस्य महाराज नोच्छित्तिर्विद्यते क्वचित् ॥१२-१२-३४॥
etasmin vartamānasya vidhau vipra-niṣevite। brāhmaṇasya mahārāja nocchittir vidyate kvacit ॥12-12-34॥
[एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this; वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of the present; विधौ (vidhau) - in the rule; विप्रनिषेविते (vipra-niṣevite) - attended by the Brāhmaṇas; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the Brāhmaṇa; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; न (na) - not; उच्छित्तिः (ucchittiḥ) - destruction; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere;]
(In this present rule attended by the Brāhmaṇas, O great king, the destruction of the Brāhmaṇa does not exist anywhere.)
O great king, in this present rule attended by the Brāhmaṇas, there is no destruction of the Brāhmaṇa anywhere.
निहत्य शत्रूंस्तरसा समृद्धा; न्शक्रो यथा दैत्यबलानि सङ्ख्ये। कः पार्थ शोचेन्निरतः स्वधर्मे; पूर्वैः स्मृते पार्थिव शिष्टजुष्टे ॥१२-१२-३५॥
nihatya śatrūṃstarasā samṛddhā; naśakro yathā daityabalāni saṅkhye. kaḥ pārtha śocennirataḥ svadharme; pūrvaiḥ smṛte pārthiva śiṣṭajuṣṭe ॥12-12-35॥
[निहत्य (nihatya) - having slain; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; तरसा (tarasā) - by force; समृद्धाः (samṛddhāḥ) - prosperous; न (na) - not; शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra; यथा (yathā) - as; दैत्यबलानि (daityabalāni) - the powers of the Daityas; सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle; कः (kaḥ) - who; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve; निरतः (nirataḥ) - engaged; स्वधर्मे (svadharme) - in one's own duty; पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the former ones; स्मृते (smṛte) - remembered; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - by kings; शिष्टजुष्टे (śiṣṭajuṣṭe) - approved by the virtuous;]
(Having slain the enemies by force, prosperous, not as Indra (destroyed) the powers of the Daityas in battle; who, O Pārtha, should grieve, engaged in one's own duty, remembered by the former kings, approved by the virtuous?)
Having forcefully defeated the enemies and attained prosperity—not unlike how Indra destroyed the Daityas' powers in battle—who, O Pārtha, should grieve when engaged in one's own duty, which is remembered by former kings and approved by the virtuous?
क्षात्रेण धर्मेण पराक्रमेण; जित्वा महीं मन्त्रविद्भ्यः प्रदाय। नाकस्य पृष्ठेऽसि नरेन्द्र गन्ता; न शोचितव्यं भवताद्य पार्थ ॥१२-१२-३६॥
kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa parākrameṇa; jitvā mahīṃ mantravidbhyaḥ pradāya। nākasya pṛṣṭhe'si narendra gantā; na śocitavyaṃ bhavatādya pārtha ॥12-12-36॥
[क्षात्रेण (kṣātreṇa) - by the warrior's (kṣatriya's) way; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; पराक्रमेण (parākrameṇa) - by valor; जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; महीं (mahīṃ) - the earth; मन्त्रविद्भ्यः (mantravidbhyaḥ) - to the knower of counsel; प्रदाय (pradāya) - having given; नाकस्य (nākasya) - of heaven; पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back; असि (asi) - you are; नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king; गन्ता (gantā) - about to go; न (na) - not; शोचितव्यम् (śocitavyam) - to be grieved; भवता (bhavatā) - by you; अद्य (adya) - today; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha (Arjuna);]
(By the warrior's way, by righteousness, by valor; having conquered the earth and given it to the knowers of counsel. On the back of heaven you are, O king, about to go; let there be no grief by you today, O Partha.)
By the way of the warrior, by righteousness and valor, having conquered the earth and given it to the wise counselors, you are about to ascend to heaven, O king; do not grieve today, O Partha.
