12.022
Library: Arjuna again advises Yudhishthira on warrior duties.
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
तस्मिन्वाक्यान्तरे वाक्यं पुनरेवार्जुनोऽब्रवीत्। विषण्णमनसं ज्येष्ठमिदं भ्रातरमीश्वरम् ॥१२-२२-१॥
tasmin vākyāntare vākyaṃ punar evārjuno 'bravīt। viṣaṇṇamanasaṃ jyeṣṭham idaṃ bhrātaram īśvaram ॥12-22-1॥
[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; वाक्य-अन्तरे (vākya-antare) - in another statement; वाक्यम् (vākyaṃ) - statement; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; एव (eva) - indeed; अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; विषण्ण-मनसं (viṣaṇṇa-manasaṃ) - with dejected mind; ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder; इदं (idaṃ) - this; भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother; ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - lord;]
(In that other statement, Arjuna again indeed said (to) his elder brother, the lord, whose mind was dejected, this.)
Then, in another statement, Arjuna again addressed his elder brother, the lord, whose mind was dejected, with these words.
क्षत्रधर्मेण धर्मज्ञ प्राप्य राज्यमनुत्तमम्। जित्वा चारीन्नरश्रेष्ठ तप्यते किं भवान्भृशम् ॥१२-२२-२॥
kṣatradharmeṇa dharmajña prāpya rājyamanuttamam। jitvā cārīn naraśreṣṭha tapyate kiṃ bhavān bhṛśam ॥12-22-2॥
[क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of a kṣatriya; धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of dharma; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed; जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; चारीन् (cārīn) - enemies; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men; तप्यते (tapyate) - is afflicted; किं (kiṃ) - why; भवान् (bhavān) - you; भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly;]
(O knower of dharma, having obtained the unsurpassed kingdom by the duty of a kṣatriya, and having conquered the enemies, O best among men, why are you greatly afflicted?)
O knower of dharma, having attained the unsurpassed kingdom through the duty of a kṣatriya and having conquered your enemies, O best among men, why are you so greatly troubled?
क्षत्रियाणां महाराज सङ्ग्रामे निधनं स्मृतम्। विशिष्टं बहुभिर्यज्ञैः क्षत्रधर्ममनुस्मर ॥१२-२२-३॥
kṣatriyāṇāṃ mahārāja saṅgrāme nidhanaṃ smṛtam। viśiṣṭaṃ bahubhir yajñaiḥ kṣatradharmam anusmara ॥12-22-3॥
[क्षत्रियाणां (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; निधनं (nidhanaṃ) - death; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered; विशिष्टं (viśiṣṭam) - superior; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - than many; यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - sacrifices; क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the duty of a kṣatriya; अनुस्मर (anusmara) - remember; ॥१२-२२-३॥ (॥12-22-3॥) - ॥12-22-3॥;]
(O great king, the death of kṣatriyas in battle is considered superior to many sacrifices; remember the duty of a kṣatriya.)
O great king, remember that for kṣatriyas, death in battle is regarded as superior to many sacrifices; recall the duty of a kṣatriya.
ब्राह्मणानां तपस्त्यागः प्रेत्यधर्मविधिः स्मृतः। क्षत्रियाणां च विहितं सङ्ग्रामे निधनं विभो ॥१२-२२-४॥
brāhmaṇānāṃ tapastyāgaḥ pretyadharmavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ। kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca vihitaṃ saṅgrāme nidhanaṃ vibho ॥12-22-4॥
[ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; धर्मविधिः (dharmavidhiḥ) - prescribed rule of dharma; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; क्षत्रियाणां (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the Kṣatriyas; च (ca) - and; विहितं (vihitam) - prescribed; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; निधनं (nidhanaṃ) - death; विभो (vibho) - O Lord;]
(Of the Brāhmaṇas, austerity and renunciation are remembered as the prescribed rule of dharma after death; for the Kṣatriyas, death in battle is prescribed, O Lord.)
For Brāhmaṇas, austerity and renunciation are considered the prescribed path after death; for Kṣatriyas, death in battle is ordained, O Lord.
क्षत्रधर्मो महारौद्रः शस्त्रनित्य इति स्मृतः। वधश्च भरतश्रेष्ठ काले शस्त्रेण संयुगे ॥१२-२२-५॥
kṣatradharmo mahāraudraḥ śastranitya iti smṛtaḥ। vadhaś ca bharataśreṣṭha kāle śastreṇa saṃyuge ॥12-22-5॥
[क्षत्रधर्मः (kṣatradharmaḥ) - kṣatriya's duty; महारौद्रः (mahāraudraḥ) - very fierce; शस्त्रनित्यः (śastranityaḥ) - always with weapons; इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; च (ca) - and; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; काले (kāle) - in time; शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon; संयुगे (saṃyuge) - in battle;]
(The kṣatriya's duty is very fierce, always with weapons, thus it is remembered. And killing, O best of the Bharatas, in time, by weapon, in battle.)
The duty of a kṣatriya is extremely fierce and always involves weapons; thus it is remembered. O best of the Bharatas, killing at the proper time, with weapons, in battle, is prescribed.
ब्राह्मणस्यापि चेद्राजन्क्षत्रधर्मेण तिष्ठतः। प्रशस्तं जीवितं लोके क्षत्रं हि ब्रह्मसंस्थितम् ॥१२-२२-६॥
brāhmaṇasyāpi ced rājan kṣatradharmeṇa tiṣṭhataḥ। praśastaṃ jīvitaṃ loke kṣatraṃ hi brahmasaṃsthitam ॥12-22-6॥
[ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brāhmaṇa; अपि (api) - even; चेत् (cet) - if; राजन् (rājan) - O king; क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of a Kṣatriya; तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - abiding; प्रशस्तं (praśastam) - praiseworthy; जीवितं (jīvitam) - life; लोके (loke) - in the world; क्षत्रं (kṣatram) - the Kṣatriya order; हि (hi) - indeed; ब्रह्मसंस्थितम् (brahmasaṃsthitam) - established in Brahman;]
(If even a Brāhmaṇa, O king, abides by the duty of a Kṣatriya, his life in the world is praiseworthy; for the Kṣatriya order is indeed established in Brahman.)
O king, if even a Brāhmaṇa lives by the duty of a Kṣatriya, his life is considered praiseworthy in the world, for the Kṣatriya order is truly rooted in Brahman.
न त्यागो न पुनर्याच्ञा न तपो मनुजेश्वर। क्षत्रियस्य विधीयन्ते न परस्वोपजीवनम् ॥१२-२२-७॥
na tyāgo na punaryāchñā na tapo manujeśvara। kṣatriyasya vidhīyante na parasvopajīvanam ॥12-22-7॥
[न (na) - not; त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation; न (na) - not; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; याच्ञा (yāchñā) - begging; न (na) - not; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; मनुजेश्वर (manujeśvara) - O lord of men; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya; विधीयन्ते (vidhīyante) - are prescribed; न (na) - not; परस्वोपजीवनम् (parasvopajīvanam) - living off others' wealth;]
(Not renunciation, not again begging, not austerity, O lord of men; for a kṣatriya are prescribed not living off others' wealth.)
O lord of men, for a kṣatriya, neither renunciation, nor repeated begging, nor austerity, nor living off others' wealth are prescribed.
स भवान्सर्वधर्मज्ञः सर्वात्मा भरतर्षभ। राजा मनीषी निपुणो लोके दृष्टपरावरः ॥१२-२२-८॥
sa bhavān sarvadharmajñaḥ sarvātmā bharatarṣabha। rājā manīṣī nipuṇo loke dṛṣṭaparāvaraḥ ॥12-22-8॥
[स (sa) - he; भवान् (bhavān) - your honor; सर्वधर्मज्ञः (sarvadharmajñaḥ) - knower of all dharmas; सर्वात्मा (sarvātmā) - the self of all; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - bull among the Bharatas; राजा (rājā) - king; मनीषी (manīṣī) - wise; निपुणः (nipuṇaḥ) - skilled; लोके (loke) - in the world; दृष्टपरावरः (dṛṣṭaparāvaraḥ) - one who has seen the highest and lowest;]
(He, your honor, knower of all dharmas, the self of all, bull among the Bharatas, king, wise, skilled, in the world, one who has seen the highest and lowest.)
You, O bull among the Bharatas, are the king, wise and skilled, knower of all dharmas, the self of all, and one who has seen the highest and lowest in the world.
त्यक्त्वा सन्तापजं शोकं दंशितो भव कर्मणि। क्षत्रियस्य विशेषेण हृदयं वज्रसंहतम् ॥१२-२२-९॥
tyaktvā santāpajaṃ śokaṃ daṃśito bhava karmaṇi। kṣatriyasya viśeṣeṇa hṛdayaṃ vajrasaṃhatam ॥12-22-9॥
[त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; सन्तापजम् (santāpajam) - born of distress; शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow; दंशितः (daṃśitaḥ) - stung; भव (bhava) - be; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - heart; वज्रसंहतम् (vajrasaṃhatam) - as hard as a diamond;]
(Having abandoned sorrow born of distress, be stung (ready) for action. The heart of a kṣatriya, especially, is as hard as a diamond.)
Abandoning sorrow that arises from distress, be resolute in action. Especially, the heart of a kṣatriya is as firm as a diamond.
जित्वारीन्क्षत्रधर्मेण प्राप्य राज्यमकण्टकम्। विजितात्मा मनुष्येन्द्र यज्ञदानपरो भव ॥१२-२२-१०॥
jitvā rīn kṣatradharmeṇa prāpya rājyam akaṇṭakam। vijitātmā manuṣyendra yajñadānaparo bhava ॥12-22-10॥
[जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; अरि-न् (ari-n) - enemies; क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of a warrior; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; अकण्टकम् (akaṇṭakam) - without thorns (trouble); विजितात्मा (vijitātmā) - one who has conquered the self; मनुष्येन्द्र (manuṣyendra) - O best of men; यज्ञदानपरो (yajñadānaparaḥ) - devoted to sacrifice and charity; भव (bhava) - be;]
(Having conquered enemies by the duty of a warrior and having obtained a kingdom without trouble, O best of men, having conquered the self, be devoted to sacrifice and charity.)
O best of men, after conquering your enemies through the warrior's duty and obtaining a trouble-free kingdom, become self-controlled and devote yourself to sacrifice and charity.
इन्द्रो वै ब्रह्मणः पुत्रः कर्मणा क्षत्रियोऽभवत्। ज्ञातीनां पापवृत्तीनां जघान नवतीर्नव ॥१२-२२-११॥
indro vai brahmaṇaḥ putraḥ karmaṇā kṣatriyo'bhavat। jñātīnāṃ pāpavṛttīnāṃ jaghāna navatīr nava ॥12-22-11॥
[इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; (the Vedic deity); वै (vai) - indeed; truly; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; (the priestly class or Brahmā); पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; by deed; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya; (warrior class); अभवत् (abhavat) - became; ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of relatives; पापवृत्तीनाम् (pāpavṛttīnām) - of those with sinful conduct; जघान (jaghāna) - he killed; नवतीः (navatīḥ) - ninety; नव (nava) - nine;]
(Indra indeed, the son of Brahman, by action became a Kṣatriya. Of the relatives with sinful conduct, he killed ninety-nine.)
Indra, truly the son of Brahman, by his actions became a Kṣatriya. He killed ninety-nine of his relatives who were of sinful conduct.
तच्चास्य कर्म पूज्यं हि प्रशस्यं च विशां पते। तेन चेन्द्रत्वमापेदे देवानामिति नः श्रुतम् ॥१२-२२-१२॥
taccāsya karma pūjyaṃ hi praśasyaṃ ca viśāṃ pate। tena cendratvamāpede devānāmiti naḥ śrutam ॥12-22-12॥
[तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - his; कर्म (karma) - action; पूज्यं (pūjyam) - worthy of worship; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रशस्यं (praśasyam) - praiseworthy; च (ca) - and; विशां (viśām) - of men (of people); पते (pate) - O lord; तेन (tena) - by that; च (ca) - and; इन्द्रत्वम् (indratvam) - Indra-hood (the state of being Indra); आपेदे (āpeḍe) - attained; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; इति (iti) - thus; नः (naḥ) - to us; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - has been heard;]
(That and his action, O lord of men, is indeed worthy of worship and praiseworthy; by that he attained the state of Indra of the gods—thus it has been heard by us.)
O lord of men, that action of his is indeed worthy of worship and praise; by that, he attained the position of Indra among the gods—thus we have heard.
स त्वं यज्ञैर्महाराज यजस्व बहुदक्षिणैः। यथैवेन्द्रो मनुष्येन्द्र चिराय विगतज्वरः ॥१२-२२-१३॥
sa tvaṃ yajñairmahārāja yajasva bahudakṣiṇaiḥ। yathaivendro manuṣyendra cirāya vigatajvaraḥ ॥12-22-13॥
[स (sa) - he; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; यजस्व (yajasva) - perform (sacrifice); बहु (bahu) - many; दक्षिणैः (dakṣiṇaiḥ) - with gifts; यथा (yathā) - just as; एव (eva) - indeed; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; मनुष्येन्द्र (manuṣyendra) - O king of men; चिराय (cirāya) - for a long time; विगतज्वरः (vigatajvaraḥ) - free from affliction;]
(He, you, O great king, perform sacrifices with many gifts; just as indeed Indra, O king of men, (became) free from affliction for a long time.)
Therefore, O great king, you should perform sacrifices with abundant gifts; just as Indra, O king of men, remained free from affliction for a long time.
मा त्वमेवङ्गते किञ्चित्क्षत्रियर्षभ शोचिथाः। गतास्ते क्षत्रधर्मेण शस्त्रपूताः परां गतिम् ॥१२-२२-१४॥
mā tvam evaṃ-gate kiñcit kṣatriyarṣabha śocithāḥ। gatās te kṣatradharmeṇa śastrapūtāḥ parāṃ gatim ॥12-22-14॥
[मा (mā) - do not; त्वम् (tvam) - you; एवम्-गते (evaṃ-gate) - in this situation; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; क्षत्रियर्षभ (kṣatriyarṣabha) - O bull among kṣatriyas; शोचिथाः (śocithāḥ) - you grieve; गताः (gatāḥ) - have gone; ते (te) - they; क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of kṣatriyas; शस्त्रपूताः (śastrapūtāḥ) - purified by weapons; पराम् (parām) - supreme; गतिम् (gatim) - state;]
(Do not, you, in this situation, anything, O bull among kṣatriyas, grieve; they have gone, by the duty of kṣatriyas, purified by weapons, to the supreme state.)
Do not grieve at all in this situation, O best of kṣatriyas; they have attained the supreme state, purified by weapons, through the duty of kṣatriyas.
भवितव्यं तथा तच्च यद्वृत्तं भरतर्षभ। दिष्टं हि राजशार्दूल न शक्यमतिवर्तितुम् ॥१२-२२-१५॥
bhavitavyaṃ tathā tacca yadvṛttaṃ bharatarṣabha। diṣṭaṃ hi rājaśārdūla na śakyamativartitum ॥12-22-15॥
[भवितव्यं (bhavitavyam) - what is destined to happen; तथा (tathā) - thus; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; वृत्तं (vṛttam) - has occurred; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; दिष्टं (diṣṭam) - fated; हि (hi) - indeed; राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings; न (na) - not; शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible; अतिवर्तितुम् (ativartitum) - to overstep;]
(What is destined to happen, thus that which has occurred, O best of the Bharatas, fated indeed, O tiger among kings, is not possible to overstep.)
O best of the Bharatas, O tiger among kings, what is destined to happen and what has occurred is fated; it cannot be overcome.
