12.057
Pancharatra: Bhishma continues to instruct royal duties: a teacher, a friend, or a son who acts with evil must certainly be counteracted; should not harm the wealth of others; support those who are not maintained and oversee those who are maintained; be pleasant-faced, and speak to others with a smile; oversees the tasks with focus that have been started but not completed; in whose domain men move about fearlessly like sons in the house of their father; whose wealth is open, whose citizens and subjects are knowledgeable in right and wrong conduct; who honours knowledge; whose spies and counselors are always vigilant in both accomplished and unaccomplished matters.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
नित्योद्युक्तेन वै राज्ञा भवितव्यं युधिष्ठिर। प्रशाम्यते च राजा हि नारीवोद्यमवर्जितः ॥१२-५७-१॥
nityodyuktena vai rājñā bhavitavyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira। praśāmyate ca rājā hi nārīvod yamavarjitaḥ ॥12-57-1॥
[नित्य (nitya) - eternal; always; उद्युक्तेन (udyuktena) - by one who is diligent; prepared; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - ought to be; must be; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira; प्रशाम्यते (praśāmyate) - is subdued; is pacified; च (ca) - and; राजा (rājā) - the king; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; नारी (nārī) - woman; उद्यम (udyama) - effort; diligence; वर्जितः (varjitaḥ) - devoid of; lacking;]
(Indeed, O Yudhishthira, the king must always be diligent; for a king without effort is subdued, just as a woman without effort is subdued.)
O Yudhishthira, a king must always be diligent; for a king who lacks effort is subdued, just as a woman is subdued when she lacks effort.
भगवानुशना चाह श्लोकमत्र विशां पते। तमिहैकमना राजन्गदतस्त्वं निबोध मे ॥१२-५७-२॥
bhagavānuśanā cāha ślokam atra viśāṃ pate। tam ihaikamanā rājan gadatas tvaṃ nibodha me॥12-57-2॥
[भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one; the illustrious; the divine one; उशना (uśanā) - Uśanā; (the sage Śukra); च (ca) - and; आह (āha) - said; श्लोकम् (ślokam) - verse; अत्र (atra) - here; विशाम् (viśām) - of the peoples; of the men; पते (pate) - O lord; तम् (tam) - that; इह (iha) - here; एकमना (ekamanā) - with one mind; attentively; राजन् (rājan) - O king; गदतः (gadataḥ) - as (I) speak; त्वम् (tvam) - you; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; know; मे (me) - my;]
(The revered Uśanā also said this verse here, O lord of the peoples. That, here, with one mind, O king, as I speak, you understand from me.)
The illustrious sage Uśanā spoke this verse here, O lord of the people. Now, O king, listen attentively as I speak it to you.
द्वावेतौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयानिव। राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥१२-५७-३॥
dvāvetau grasate bhūmiḥ sarpo bilaśayāniva। rājānaṃ cāviroddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam ॥12-57-3॥
[द्वौ (dvau) - two; एतौ (etau) - these; ग्रसते (grasate) - devours; भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth; सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - serpent; बिलशयानिव (bilaśayāniva) - as one lying in a hole; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; च (ca) - and; अविरोद्धारम् (aviroddhāram) - one who has no adversary; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; च (ca) - and; अप्रवासिनम् (apravāsinam) - one who does not go abroad;]
(The earth devours these two: the king who has no adversary and the brāhmaṇa who does not go abroad, just as a serpent (devours) one lying in a hole.)
The earth destroys two types of people: a king without adversaries and a brāhmaṇa who does not travel, just as a serpent devours one lying in its hole.
तदेतन्नरशार्दूल हृदि त्वं कर्तुमर्हसि। सन्धेयानपि सन्धत्स्व विरोध्यांश्च विरोधय ॥१२-५७-४॥
tad etan naraśārdūla hṛdi tvaṃ kartum arhasi। sandheyān api sandhatsva virodhyāṃś ca virodhaya ॥12-57-4॥
[तत् (tat) - that; एतत् (etat) - this; नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men; हृदि (hṛdi) - in (your) heart; त्वम् (tvam) - you; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; अर्हसि (arhasi) - are worthy (should); सन्धेयान् (sandheyān) - those to be allied with; अपि (api) - also; सन्धत्स्व (sandhatsva) - make alliance; विरोध्यान् (virodhyān) - those to be opposed; च (ca) - and; विरोधय (virodhaya) - oppose;]
(That this, O tiger among men, in (your) heart you should do; those to be allied with also make alliance; those to be opposed and oppose.)
O best of men, you should resolve this in your heart: make alliances with those fit for alliance, and oppose those who are to be opposed.
सप्ताङ्गे यश्च ते राज्ये वैपरीत्यं समाचरेत्। गुरुर्वा यदि वा मित्रं प्रतिहन्तव्य एव सः ॥१२-५७-५॥
saptāṅge yaś ca te rājye vaiparītyaṃ samācaret। gurur vā yadi vā mitraṃ pratihantavya eva saḥ ॥12-57-5॥
[सप्ताङ्गे (saptāṅge) - in the seven-limbed (state); यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - your; राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom; वैपरीत्यं (vaiparītyaṃ) - contrariness; opposition; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should act; should perform; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; elder; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; मित्रं (mitraṃ) - friend; प्रतिहन्तव्य (pratihantavya) - to be opposed; to be counteracted; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(In the seven-limbed (state), whoever in your kingdom should act with opposition, whether a teacher or if a friend, he indeed is to be counteracted.)
Whoever in your kingdom, among the seven limbs, acts in opposition—be it a teacher or a friend—he must certainly be counteracted.
मरुत्तेन हि राज्ञायं गीतः श्लोकः पुरातनः। राज्याधिकारे राजेन्द्र बृहस्पतिमतः पुरा ॥१२-५७-६॥
maruttena hi rājñāyaṃ gītaḥ ślokaḥ purātanaḥ। rājyādhikāre rājendra bṛhaspatimataḥ purā ॥12-57-6॥
[मरुत्तेन (maruttena) - by Marutta; हि (hi) - indeed; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; अयम् (ayam) - this; गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung; श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse; पुरातनः (purātanaḥ) - ancient; राज्याधिकारे (rājyādhikāre) - on the subject of sovereignty; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; बृहस्पतिमतः (bṛhaspatimataḥ) - of Bṛhaspati's opinion; पुरा (purā) - formerly;]
(By Marutta indeed, by the king, this ancient verse was sung on the subject of sovereignty, O king, of Bṛhaspati's opinion, formerly.)
O king, this ancient verse, expressing the opinion of Bṛhaspati, was indeed sung by King Marutta in former times on the subject of sovereignty.
गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः। उत्पथप्रतिपन्नस्य परित्यागो विधीयते ॥१२-५७-७॥
guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ। utpatha-pratipannasya parityāgo vidhīyate ॥12-57-7॥
[गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; अपि (api) - even; अवलिप्तस्य (avaliptasya) - of the arrogant; कार्य (kārya) - duty; अकार्यं (akāryam) - non-duty; अजानतः (ajānataḥ) - not knowing; उत्पथ (utpatha) - wrong path; प्रतिपन्नस्य (pratipannasya) - of one who has taken; परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - abandonment; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed;]
(Of the teacher even of the arrogant, duty and non-duty not knowing, of one who has taken the wrong path, abandonment is prescribed.)
Even the teacher, if arrogant and ignorant of right and wrong, and who has taken to a wrong path, is to be abandoned.
बाहोः पुत्रेण राज्ञा च सगरेणेह धीमता। असमञ्जाः सुतो ज्येष्ठस्त्यक्तः पौरहितैषिणा ॥१२-५७-८॥
bāhoḥ putreṇa rājñā ca sagareṇeha dhīmatā। asamañjāḥ suto jyeṣṭhas tyaktaḥ paurahitaiṣiṇā ॥12-57-8॥
[बाहोः (bāhoḥ) - of Bāhu; (genitive singular) पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son; (instrumental singular) राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; (instrumental singular) च (ca) - and; सगरेण (sagareṇa) - by Sagara; (instrumental singular) इह (iha) - here; धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the wise; (instrumental singular) असमञ्जाः (asamañjāḥ) - Asamanja; (nominative singular) सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; (nominative singular) ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest; (nominative singular) त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - abandoned; (nominative singular) पौरहितैषिणा (paurahitaiṣiṇā) - by one seeking the welfare of the citizens; (instrumental singular);]
(By the wise king Sagara, the son of Bāhu, here, Asamanja, the eldest son, was abandoned by one seeking the welfare of the citizens.)
Here, the wise king Sagara, son of Bāhu, abandoned his eldest son Asamanja for the welfare of the citizens.
असमञ्जाः सरय्वां प्राक्पौराणां बालकान्नृप। न्यमज्जयदतः पित्रा निर्भर्त्स्य स विवासितः ॥१२-५७-९॥
asamañjāḥ sarayvāṃ prāk-paurāṇāṃ bālakān nṛpa। nyamajjayad ataḥ pitrā nirbhartsya sa vivāsitaḥ ॥12-57-9॥
[असमञ्जाः (asamañjāḥ) - Asamanja; (proper name); सरय्वां (sarayvāṃ) - in the Sarayu (river); प्राक् (prāk) - formerly; पौराणां (paurāṇāṃ) - of the citizens; (of the townspeople); बालकान् (bālakān) - boys; (children); नृप (nṛpa) - O king; (vocative); न्यमज्जयत् (nyamajjayat) - caused to drown; (made to sink); अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; (because of this); पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father; निर्भर्त्स्य (nirbhartsya) - having reproached; (having rebuked); स (sa) - he; (that one); विवासितः (vivāsitaḥ) - was exiled; (banished);]
(Asamanja in the Sarayu formerly the boys of the citizens, O king, caused to drown; therefore, by his father, having reproached, he was exiled.)
Asamanja, having previously drowned the sons of the citizens in the Sarayu river, O king, was reproached by his father and thus exiled.
ऋषिणोद्दालकेनापि श्वेतकेतुर्महातपाः। मिथ्या विप्रानुपचरन्सन्त्यक्तो दयितः सुतः ॥१२-५७-१०॥
ṛṣiṇoddālakena api śvetaketur mahātapāḥ। mithyā viprān upacaran santyakto dayitaḥ sutaḥ ॥12-57-10॥
[ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage; उद्दालकेन (uddālakena) - by Uddālaka; अपि (api) - also; श्वेतकेतुः (śvetaketuḥ) - Śvetaketu; महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic; मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely; विप्रान् (viprān) - Brāhmaṇas; उपचरन् (upacaran) - serving; सन् (san) - being; त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - abandoned; दयितः (dayitaḥ) - beloved; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son;]
(By the sage Uddālaka also, Śvetaketu, the great ascetic, being falsely serving Brāhmaṇas, was abandoned, the beloved son.)
Śvetaketu, the great ascetic and beloved son, was also abandoned by the sage Uddālaka because he was falsely serving the Brāhmaṇas.
लोकरञ्जनमेवात्र राज्ञां धर्मः सनातनः। सत्यस्य रक्षणं चैव व्यवहारस्य चार्जवम् ॥१२-५७-११॥
lokarañjanamevātra rājñāṃ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ। satyasya rakṣaṇaṃ caiva vyavahārasya cārjavam ॥12-57-11॥
[लोक (loka) - world; रञ्जनम् (rañjanam) - pleasing; एव (eva) - indeed; अत्र (atra) - here; राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth; रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) - of conduct; च (ca) - and; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness;]
(The pleasing of the world indeed here is the eternal duty of kings; the protection of truth and indeed straightforwardness of conduct.)
Here, the eternal duty of kings is to please the people; also, to protect truth and to maintain straightforwardness in conduct.
न हिंस्यात्परवित्तानि देयं काले च दापयेत्। विक्रान्तः सत्यवाक्क्षान्तो नृपो न चलते पथः ॥१२-५७-१२॥
na hiṁsyāt paravittāni deyaṁ kāle ca dāpayet। vikrāntaḥ satyavāk kṣānto nṛpo na calate pathaḥ ॥12-57-12॥
[न (na) - not; हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - should harm; परवित्तानि (paravittāni) - others' wealth; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; काले (kāle) - in time; च (ca) - and; दापयेत् (dāpayet) - should cause to be given; विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valiant; सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaking; क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - forbearing; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; न (na) - not; चलते (calate) - deviates; पथः (pathaḥ) - from the path;]
(Not should harm others' wealth; should be given in time and should cause to be given. Valiant, truth-speaking, forbearing king does not deviate from the path.)
One should not harm the wealth of others; one should give and ensure giving at the proper time. A valiant, truthful, and forbearing king does not stray from the righteous path.
गुप्तमन्त्रो जितक्रोधो शास्त्रार्थगतनिश्चयः। धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च मोक्षे च सततं रतः ॥१२-५७-१३॥
guptamantrō jitakrōdhō śāstrārthagataniścayaḥ। dharmē cārthē ca kāmē ca mōkṣē ca satataṃ rataḥ ॥12-57-13॥
[गुप्तमन्त्रः (guptamantraḥ) - one whose counsel is secret; जितक्रोधः (jitakrōdhaḥ) - one who has conquered anger; शास्त्रार्थगत-निश्चयः (śāstrārthagata-niścayaḥ) - one whose resolve is established in the meaning of the scriptures; धर्मे (dharmē) - in dharma; च (ca) - and; अर्थे (arthē) - in artha; च (ca) - and; कामे (kāmē) - in kāma; च (ca) - and; मोक्षे (mōkṣē) - in mokṣa; च (ca) - and; सततम् (satatam) - always; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged;]
(One whose counsel is secret, who has conquered anger, whose resolve is established in the meaning of the scriptures, who is always engaged in dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa.)
He is one whose counsel is secret, who has conquered anger, whose resolve is firm in the meaning of the scriptures, and who is always devoted to dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa.
त्रय्या संवृतरन्ध्रश्च राजा भवितुमर्हति। वृजिनस्य नरेन्द्राणां नान्यत्संवरणात्परम् ॥१२-५७-१४॥
tray-yā saṃvṛta-randhraś ca rājā bhavitum arhati। vṛjinasya narendrāṇāṃ nānyat saṃvaraṇāt param ॥12-57-14॥
[त्रय्या (tray-yā) - by the three Vedas; संवृत (saṃvṛta) - covered; रन्ध्रः (randhraḥ) - defect; च (ca) - and; राजा (rājā) - king; भवितुम् (bhavitum) - to become; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; वृजिनस्य (vṛjinasya) - of sin; नरेन्द्राणां (narendrāṇāṃ) - of kings; न (na) - not; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; संवरणात् (saṃvaraṇāt) - than restraint; परम् (param) - higher;]
(By the three Vedas covered defect and king to become is worthy. Of sin of kings not other than restraint higher.)
A king is worthy to become one whose faults are covered by the three Vedas. For kings, there is nothing higher than restraint from sin.
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माश्च रक्षितव्या महीक्षिता। धर्मसङ्कररक्षा हि राज्ञां धर्मः सनातनः ॥१२-५७-१५॥
cāturvarṇyasya dharmāś ca rakṣitavyā mahīkṣitā | dharmasaṅkararakṣā hi rājñāṃ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ||12-57-15||
[चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four varṇas; (castes); धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - duties; च (ca) - and; रक्षितव्या (rakṣitavyā) - to be protected; महीक्षिता (mahīkṣitā) - O kings; धर्मसङ्कररक्षा (dharmasaṅkararakṣā) - protection from the confusion of duties; हि (hi) - indeed; राज्ञां (rājñāṃ) - of kings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(The duties of the four varṇas and their protection, O kings, must be maintained; indeed, the protection from the confusion of duties is the eternal duty of kings.)
O kings, the duties of the four varṇas must be protected; indeed, it is the eternal duty of kings to prevent the confusion of duties.
न विश्वसेच्च नृपतिर्न चात्यर्थं न विश्वसेत्। षाड्गुण्यगुणदोषांश्च नित्यं बुद्ध्यावलोकयेत् ॥१२-५७-१६॥
na viśvasecca nṛpatirna cātyarthaṃ na viśvaset। ṣāḍguṇyaguṇadoṣāṃśca nityaṃ buddhyāvalokayet ॥12-57-16॥
[न (na) - not; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust; च (ca) - and; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively; न (na) - not; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust; षाड्गुण्यगुणदोषान् (ṣāḍguṇyaguṇadoṣān) - the merits and faults of the six policies; च (ca) - and; नित्यं (nityam) - always; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; अवलोकयेत् (avalokayet) - should observe;]
(Not should trust and the king, nor excessively should trust. The merits and faults of the six policies and always with intelligence should observe.)
A king should not trust anyone, nor should he trust excessively. He should always observe the merits and faults of the six policies with intelligence.
द्विट्छिद्रदर्शी नृपतिर्नित्यमेव प्रशस्यते। त्रिवर्गविदितार्थश्च युक्तचारोपधिश्च यः ॥१२-५७-१७॥
dviṭ-chidra-darśī nṛpatir nityam eva praśasyate। trivarga-vidita-arthaś ca yukta-cāra-upadhiś ca yaḥ ॥12-57-17॥
[द्विट् (dviṭ) - two; (i.e., twofold; छिद्र (chidra) - flaw; दर्शी (darśī) - one who sees; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; त्रिवर्ग (trivarga) - the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); विदित (vidita) - known; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; च (ca) - and; युक्त (yukta) - endowed; चार (cāra) - with conduct; उपधिः (upadhiḥ) - with stratagem; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who;]
(The king who sees two kinds of flaws, who always indeed is praised, who knows the meaning of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma), and who is endowed with conduct and stratagem.)
A king who is vigilant about two kinds of flaws, is always praised; who understands the meaning of the three aims of life, and is endowed with proper conduct and strategy.
कोशस्योपार्जनरतिर्यमवैश्रवणोपमः। वेत्ता च दशवर्गस्य स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मनः ॥१२-५७-१८॥
kośasyopārjanaratiryamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ। vettā ca daśavargasya sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ ॥12-57-18॥
[कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury; उपार्जन (upārjana) - acquisition; रतिः (ratiḥ) - devotion; यम (yama) - Yama (god of death, here: controller); वैश्रवण (vaiśravaṇa) - Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera, god of wealth); उपमः (upamaḥ) - like; comparable; वेत्ता (vettā) - knower; च (ca) - and; दशवर्गस्य (daśavargasya) - of the ten divisions; स्थान (sthāna) - position; वृद्धि (vṛddhi) - increase; क्षय (kṣaya) - decrease; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - nature;]
(Devotion to the acquisition of the treasury, like Yama and Vaiśravaṇa; and knower of the ten divisions' position, increase, and decrease by nature.)
He is devoted to acquiring the treasury, comparable to Yama and Vaiśravaṇa; and he knows by nature the positions, increases, and decreases of the ten divisions.
अभृतानां भवेद्भर्ता भृतानां चान्ववेक्षकः। नृपतिः सुमुखश्च स्यात्स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता ॥१२-५७-१९॥
abhṛtānāṃ bhavedbhartā bhṛtānāṃ cānvavekṣakaḥ। nṛpatiḥ sumukhaśca syātsmitapūrvābhibhāṣitā ॥12-57-19॥
[अभृतानाम् (abhṛtānām) - of those not maintained; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; भर्ता (bhartā) - the supporter; भृतानाम् (bhṛtānām) - of those maintained; च (ca) - and; अन्ववेक्षकः (anvavekṣakaḥ) - the overseer; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king; सुमुखः (sumukhaḥ) - with a pleasant face; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; स्मितपूर्व (smita-pūrva) - preceded by a smile; अभिभाषिता (abhibhāṣitā) - addressing;]
(Of those not maintained, he should be the supporter; of those maintained, the overseer. The king should be with a pleasant face and address (others) preceded by a smile.)
The king should support those who are not maintained, oversee those who are maintained, be pleasant-faced, and speak to others with a smile.
उपासिता च वृद्धानां जिततन्द्रीरलोलुपः। सतां वृत्ते स्थितमतिः सन्तो ह्याचारदर्शिनः ॥१२-५७-२०॥
upāsitā ca vṛddhānāṃ jitatandrīralolupaḥ। satāṃ vṛtte sthitamatih santo hyācāradarśinaḥ ॥12-57-20॥
[उपासिता (upāsitā) - served; attended; च (ca) - and; वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of elders; जिततन्द्रिः (jitatandrīḥ) - one who has conquered lethargy; अरलोलुपः (alolupaḥ) - not greedy; सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous; वृत्ते (vṛtte) - in conduct; स्थितमतिः (sthitamatiḥ) - steadfast-minded; सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people; हि (hi) - indeed; आचारदर्शिनः (ācāradarśinaḥ) - observers of conduct;]
(Served and attended to elders, one who has conquered lethargy, not greedy; steadfast-minded in the conduct of the virtuous; good people indeed are observers of conduct.)
He served and attended to elders, was free from lethargy, not greedy, steadfast in the conduct of the virtuous; truly, good people are those who observe proper conduct.
न चाददीत वित्तानि सतां हस्तात्कदाचन। असद्भ्यस्तु समादद्यात्सद्भ्यः सम्प्रतिपादयेत् ॥१२-५७-२१॥
na cādadīta vittāni satāṃ hastātkadācana। asadbhyaḥtu samādad-yātsadbhyaḥ sampratipādayet ॥12-57-21॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आददीत (ādadīta) - should take; वित्तानि (vittāni) - wealths; सतां (satām) - of the virtuous; हस्तात् (hastāt) - from the hand; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time; असद्भ्यः (asadbhyaḥ) - from the unvirtuous; तु (tu) - but; समादद्यात् (samādad-yāt) - should take together; सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ) - to the virtuous; सम्प्रतिपादयेत् (sampratipādayet) - should deliver; ॥१२-५७-२१॥ (॥12-57-21॥) -;]
(And one should not take wealth from the hand of the virtuous at any time; but from the unvirtuous, one should take together and deliver to the virtuous.)
One should never take wealth from the hands of the virtuous; but if wealth is taken from the unvirtuous, it should be given to the virtuous.
स्वयं प्रहर्तादाता च वश्यात्मा वश्यसाधनः। काले दाता च भोक्ता च शुद्धाचारस्तथैव च ॥१२-५७-२२॥
svayaṃ prahartādātā ca vaśyātmā vaśyasādhanaḥ। kāle dātā ca bhoktā ca śuddhācāras tathaiva ca ॥12-57-22॥
[स्वयं (svayam) - oneself; by oneself; प्रहर्ता (prahartā) - one who strikes; initiator; दाता (dātā) - giver; च (ca) - and; वश्यात्मा (vaśyātmā) - self-controlled; having subdued self; वश्यसाधनः (vaśyasādhanaḥ) - one who attains control; means of subduing; काले (kāle) - in time; at the right time; दाता (dātā) - giver; च (ca) - and; भोक्ता (bhoktā) - enjoyer; experiencer; च (ca) - and; शुद्धाचारः (śuddhācāraḥ) - of pure conduct; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(Oneself, the initiator, the giver, and self-controlled, one who attains control; in time, the giver and the enjoyer, of pure conduct, likewise and.)
He is himself the initiator, the giver, self-controlled, and one who attains mastery; at the right time, he is both the giver and the enjoyer, and is always of pure conduct.
शूरान्भक्तानसंहार्यान्कुले जातानरोगिणः। शिष्टाञ्शिष्टाभिसम्बन्धान्मानिनो नावमानिनः ॥१२-५७-२३॥
śūrān bhaktān asaṃhāryān kule jātān aroginaḥ | śiṣṭān śiṣṭābhisambandhān māninaḥ na avamāninaḥ ॥12-57-23॥
[शूरान् (śūrān) - valiant ones; भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devoted ones; असंहार्यान् (asaṃhāryān) - indomitable ones; कुले (kule) - in the family; जातान् (jātān) - born; अरोगिणः (arogiṇaḥ) - free from disease; शिष्टान् (śiṣṭān) - noble ones; शिष्टाभिसम्बन्धान् (śiṣṭābhisambandhān) - connected with the noble; मानिनः (māninaḥ) - self-respecting; न (na) - not; अवमानिनः (avamāninaḥ) - disrespectful;]
(Valiant ones, devoted ones, indomitable ones, born in the family, free from disease; noble ones, connected with the noble, self-respecting, not disrespectful.)
Valiant, devoted, and indomitable individuals, born in the family and free from disease; noble and connected with the noble, self-respecting and not disrespectful.
विद्याविदो लोकविदः परलोकान्ववेक्षकान्। धर्मेषु निरतान्साधूनचलानचलानिव ॥१२-५७-२४॥
vidyāvido lokavidaḥ paralokānvavekṣakān। dharmeṣu niratānsādhūnacalānacalāniva ॥12-57-24॥
[विद्या-विदः (vidyā-vidaḥ) - knowers of knowledge; लोक-विदः (loka-vidaḥ) - knowers of the world; पर-लोक-अन्ववेक्षकान् (para-loka-anvavekṣakān) - those who examine the other world; धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in dharmas; निरतान् (niratān) - engaged; साधून् (sādhūn) - the virtuous; अचलान् (acalān) - unmoving; अचलान् इव (acalān iva) - like the unmoving;]
(Knower of knowledge, knower of the world, those who examine the other world, engaged in dharmas, the virtuous, unmoving, like the unmoving.)
They are knowers of knowledge, knowers of the world, those who examine the other world, steadfast in dharma, virtuous, and unwavering, like the immovable.
सहायान्सततं कुर्याद्राजा भूतिपुरस्कृतः। तैस्तुल्यश्च भवेद्भोगैश्छत्रमात्राज्ञयाधिकः ॥१२-५७-२५॥
sahāyān satataṃ kuryād rājā bhūti-puraskṛtaḥ। taiḥ tulyaś ca bhavet bhogaiḥ chatra-mātra-ājñayā adhikaḥ॥12-57-25॥
[सहायान् (sahāyān) - helpers; सततं (satataṃ) - always; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make; राजा (rājā) - king; भूति-पुरस्कृतः (bhūti-puraskṛtaḥ) - endowed with prosperity; तैः (taiḥ) - with them; तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal; च (ca) - and; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; भोगैः (bhogaiḥ) - in enjoyments; छत्र-मात्र-आज्ञया (chatra-mātra-ājñayā) - by the command of the umbrella alone; अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - superior;]
(The king, always endowed with prosperity, should make helpers; with them, he should be equal in enjoyments and superior only by the command of the umbrella.)
A king, always endowed with prosperity, should appoint helpers; he should be equal to them in enjoyments and superior only by virtue of royal authority (symbolized by the umbrella).
प्रत्यक्षा च परोक्षा च वृत्तिश्चास्य भवेत्सदा। एवं कृत्वा नरेन्द्रो हि न खेदमिह विन्दति ॥१२-५७-२६॥
pratyakṣā ca parokṣā ca vṛttiś cāsya bhavet sadā। evaṃ kṛtvā narendro hi na khedam iha vindati ॥12-57-26॥
[प्रत्यक्षा (pratyakṣā) - direct perception; च (ca) - and; परोक्षा (parokṣā) - indirect perception; च (ca) - and; वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - state; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - of him; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; सदा (sadā) - always; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - the king; हि (hi) - indeed; न (na) - not; खेदम् (khedam) - distress; इह (iha) - here; विन्दति (vindati) - finds;]
(Direct perception and indirect perception and the state of him should always be thus; having done so, the king indeed does not find distress here.)
Direct and indirect perception, as well as his state, should always be maintained in this way; thus, when the king acts accordingly, he does not experience distress here.
सर्वातिशङ्की नृपतिर्यश्च सर्वहरो भवेत्। स क्षिप्रमनृजुर्लुब्धः स्वजनेनैव बाध्यते ॥१२-५७-२७॥
sarvātiśaṅkī nṛpatir yaś ca sarvaharo bhavet। sa kṣipram anṛjur lubdhaḥ svajanenaiva bādhyate ॥12-57-27॥
[सर्वातिशङ्की (sarvātiśaṅkī) - one who suspects everyone; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; सर्वहरः (sarvaharaḥ) - one who takes everything; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes; सः (saḥ) - he; क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly; अनृजुः (anṛjuḥ) - crooked; लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy; स्वजनेन (svajanena) - by his own people; एव (eva) - indeed; बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is troubled;]
(A king who suspects everyone and who becomes one who takes everything, he quickly, being crooked and greedy, is indeed troubled by his own people.)
A king who is suspicious of everyone and seizes everything, quickly becomes crooked and greedy, and is troubled by his own people.
शुचिस्तु पृथिवीपालो लोकचित्तग्रहे रतः। न पतत्यरिभिर्ग्रस्तः पतितश्चावतिष्ठते ॥१२-५७-२८॥
śucis tu pṛthivīpālo loka-citta-grahe rataḥ। na pataty aribhir grastaḥ patitaś cāvatiṣṭhate ॥12-57-28॥
[शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure one; तु (tu) - but; पृथिवीपालः (pṛthivīpālaḥ) - king (protector of earth); लोक (loka) - world; चित्त (citta) - mind; ग्रहे (grahe) - in seizing; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged; न (na) - not; पतति (patati) - falls; अरिभिः (aribhiḥ) - by enemies; ग्रस्तः (grastaḥ) - seized; पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen; च (ca) - and; अवतिṣ्ठते (avatiṣṭhate) - remains (stands fast);]
(But the pure king, engaged in seizing the minds of the people, does not fall when seized by enemies; even when fallen, he remains (stands fast).)
But a pure king, who is intent on winning the hearts of his people, does not fall even when beset by enemies; even if he falls, he stands firm.
अक्रोधनोऽथाव्यसनी मृदुदण्डो जितेन्द्रियः। राजा भवति भूतानां विश्वास्यो हिमवानिव ॥१२-५७-२९॥
akrodhano'thāvyasanī mṛdudaṇḍo jitendriyaḥ। rājā bhavati bhūtānāṃ viśvāsyo himavāniva॥12-57-29॥
[अक्रोधनः (akrodhanaḥ) - not-angry; अथ (atha) - and; अव्यसनी (avyasanī) - free-from-vices; मृदुदण्डः (mṛdudaṇḍaḥ) - gentle-in-punishment; जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one-who-has-conquered-the-senses; राजा (rājā) - king; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of-beings; विश्वास्यः (viśvāsyaḥ) - trustworthy; हिमवान् (himavān) - Himalaya; इव (iva) - like;]
(Not-angry and free-from-vices, gentle-in-punishment, one-who-has-conquered-the-senses, the king becomes trustworthy to beings like the Himalaya.)
A king who is not angry, free from vices, gentle in punishment, and has conquered his senses becomes as trustworthy to his subjects as the Himalaya.
प्राज्ञो न्यायगुणोपेतः पररन्ध्रेषु तत्परः। सुदर्शः सर्ववर्णानां नयापनयवित्तथा ॥१२-५७-३०॥
prājño nyāyaguṇopetaḥ pararandhreṣu tatparaḥ। sudarśaḥ sarvavarṇānāṃ nayāpanayavittathā ॥12-57-30॥
[प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise; न्याय (nyāya) - justice; गुण (guṇa) - virtue; उपेतः (upetaḥ) - endowed with; पर (para) - others; रन्ध्रेषु (randhreṣu) - in faults; तत्परः (tatparaḥ) - intent; सुदर्शः (sudarśaḥ) - well-seeing; सर्व (sarva) - all; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of classes; नय (naya) - policy; अपनय (apanaya) - removal; वित् (vit) - knower; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(The wise one endowed with the virtue of justice, intent on the faults of others, well-seeing, knower of the policy and removal of all classes, likewise.)
A wise person endowed with the virtue of justice, who is intent on finding the faults of others, is discerning and knows both the policy and removal concerning all classes, likewise.
क्षिप्रकारी जितक्रोधः सुप्रसादो महामनाः। अरोगप्रकृतिर्युक्तः क्रियावानविकत्थनः ॥१२-५७-३१॥
kṣiprakārī jitakrodhaḥ suprasādo mahāmanāḥ। arogaprakṛtir yuktaḥ kriyāvān avikatthanaḥ ॥12-57-31॥
[क्षिप्रकारी (kṣiprakārī) - one who acts quickly; जितक्रोधः (jitakrodhaḥ) - one who has conquered anger; सुप्रसादः (suprasādaḥ) - very gracious; महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded; अरोगप्रकृतिः (arogaprakṛtiḥ) - of healthy nature; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - self-controlled; क्रियावान् (kriyāvān) - active; अविकत्थनः (avikatthanaḥ) - not boastful;]
(One who acts quickly, who has conquered anger, who is very gracious, great-minded, of healthy nature, self-controlled, active, not boastful.)
He acts swiftly, has mastered his anger, is gracious, great-minded, healthy by nature, self-controlled, active, and never boastful.
आरब्धान्येव कार्याणि न पर्यवसितानि च। यस्य राज्ञः प्रदृश्यन्ते स राजा राजसत्तमः ॥१२-५७-३२॥
ārabdhānyeva kāryāṇi na paryavasitāni ca। yasya rājñaḥ pradṛśyante sa rājā rājasattamaḥ ॥12-57-32॥
[आरब्धानि (ārabdhāni) - begun; started; एव (eva) - indeed; only; कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - tasks; works; न (na) - not; पर्यवसितानि (paryavasitāni) - completed; accomplished; च (ca) - and; यस्स्य (yasya) - whose; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; प्रदृश्यन्ते (pradṛśyante) - are seen; are visible; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - best among kings;]
(Indeed, only the tasks begun and not completed are seen of the king whose; he (is) the best among kings.)
He is the best among kings in whose case only the tasks that have been started but not completed are seen.
पुत्रा इव पितुर्गेहे विषये यस्य मानवाः। निर्भया विचरिष्यन्ति स राजा राजसत्तमः ॥१२-५७-३३॥
putrā iva piturgehe viṣaye yasya mānavāḥ। nirbhayā vicariṣyanti sa rājā rājasattamaḥ ॥12-57-33॥
[पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; इव (iva) - like; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; गेहे (gehe) - in the house; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; यस्स्य (yasya) - whose; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men; निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) - fearless; विचरिष्यन्ति (vicariṣyanti) - will move about; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - best among kings;]
(Sons like in the father's house in the domain whose men fearless will move about, he king best among kings.)
He is the best among kings, that king in whose domain men move about fearlessly like sons in the house of their father.
अगूढविभवा यस्य पौरा राष्ट्रनिवासिनः। नयापनयवेत्तारः स राजा राजसत्तमः ॥१२-५७-३४॥
agūḍhavibhavā yasya paurā rāṣṭranivāsinaḥ। nayāpanayavettāraḥ sa rājā rājasattamaḥ ॥12-57-34॥
[अगूढविभवा (agūḍhavibhavā) - whose wealth is not concealed; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; पौरा (paurāḥ) - citizens; राष्ट्रनिवासिनः (rāṣṭranivāsinaḥ) - residents of the kingdom; नयापनयवेत्तारः (nayāpanayavettāraḥ) - knowers of right and wrong conduct; स (sa) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - the best among kings;]
(He whose wealth is not concealed, whose citizens and residents of the kingdom are knowers of right and wrong conduct, he is a king, the best among kings.)
He is called the best among kings whose wealth is open, whose citizens and subjects are knowledgeable in right and wrong conduct.
स्वकर्मनिरता यस्य जना विषयवासिनः। असङ्घातरता दान्ताः पाल्यमाना यथाविधि ॥१२-५७-३५॥
svakarmaniratā yasya janā viṣayavāsinaḥ। asaṅghātaratā dāntāḥ pālyamānā yathāvidhi ॥12-57-35॥
[स्वकर्मनिरता (svakarmaniratā) - engaged in their own duties; यस्य (yasya) - whose; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; विषयवासिनः (viṣayavāsinaḥ) - inhabitants of the territory; असङ्घातरता (asaṅghātaratā) - not inclined to quarrel; दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled; पाल्यमानाः (pālyamānāḥ) - being protected; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule;]
(Engaged in their own duties, whose people are inhabitants of the territory, not inclined to quarrel, self-controlled, being protected according to rule.)
Whose people, engaged in their own duties and residing in the territory, are self-controlled, not prone to quarrels, and are protected according to proper rules.
वश्या नेया विनीताश्च न च सङ्घर्षशीलिनः। विषये दानरुचयो नरा यस्य स पार्थिवः ॥१२-५७-३६॥
vaśyā neyā vinītāś ca na ca saṅgharṣaśīlinaḥ। viṣaye dānarucayo narā yasya sa pārthivaḥ॥12-57-36॥
[वश्या (vaśyāḥ) - submissive; नेया (neyāḥ) - to be led; विनीताः (vinītāḥ) - humble; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सङ्घर्षशीलिनः (saṅgharṣaśīlinaḥ) - inclined to conflict; विषये (viṣaye) - in matters; दानरुचयः (dānarucayaḥ) - fond of giving; नराः (narāḥ) - men; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; सः (saḥ) - he; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king;]
(Submissive, to be led, humble and not inclined to conflict, in matters fond of giving, men of whom—he is a king.)
He is a king whose men are submissive, easily guided, humble, not prone to conflict, and fond of giving in their affairs.
न यस्य कूटकपटं न माया न च मत्सरः। विषये भूमिपालस्य तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥१२-५७-३७॥
na yasya kūṭakapaṭaṃ na māyā na ca matsaraḥ। viṣaye bhūmipālasya tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ॥12-57-37॥
[न (na) - not; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; कूटकपटं (kūṭakapaṭaṃ) - deceit and fraud; न (na) - not; माया (māyā) - illusion; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मत्सरः (matsaraḥ) - envy; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; भूमिपालस्य (bhūmipālasya) - of the king; तस्य (tasya) - his; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(Not of whom deceit and fraud, not illusion, not and envy; in the domain of the king, his dharma is eternal.)
The king whose domain is free from deceit, illusion, and envy, his dharma is eternal.
यः सत्करोति ज्ञानानि नेयः पौरहिते रतः। सतां धर्मानुगस्त्यागी स राजा राज्यमर्हति ॥१२-५७-३८॥
yaḥ satkaroti jñānāni neyaḥ paurahite rataḥ। satāṃ dharmānugastyāgī sa rājā rājyamarhati॥12-57-38॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; सत्करोति (satkaroti) - honours; ज्ञानानि (jñānāni) - knowledges; नेयः (neyaḥ) - to be led; पौरहिते (paurahite) - in the welfare of the citizens; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged; सतां (satām) - of the virtuous; धर्मानुगः (dharmānugaḥ) - following dharma; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; स (sa) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(Who honours knowledges, is to be led, engaged in the welfare of the citizens, follower of dharma of the virtuous, renouncer—he, the king, deserves the kingdom.)
He who honours knowledge, is devoted to the welfare of the people, follows the dharma of the virtuous, and is selfless—such a king deserves to rule the kingdom.
यस्य चारश्च मन्त्रश्च नित्यं चैव कृताकृते। न ज्ञायते हि रिपुभिः स राजा राज्यमर्हति ॥१२-५७-३९॥
yasya cāraś ca mantraś ca nityaṃ caiva kṛtākṛte। na jñāyate hi ripubhiḥ sa rājā rājyam arhati ॥12-57-39॥
[यस्य (yasya) - of whom; चारः (cāraḥ) - spy; च (ca) - and; मन्त्रः (mantraḥ) - counsel; च (ca) - and; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कृताकृते (kṛtākṛte) - in accomplished and unaccomplished matters; न (na) - not; ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known; हि (hi) - indeed; रिपुभिः (ripubhiḥ) - by enemies; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(Of whom the spy and the counsel are always indeed (active) in accomplished and unaccomplished matters, not is known indeed by enemies, he king kingdom deserves.)
A king whose spies and counselors are always vigilant in both accomplished and unaccomplished matters, and whose actions are not known by enemies, he alone deserves to rule the kingdom.
श्लोकश्चायं पुरा गीतो भार्गवेण महात्मना। आख्याते रामचरिते नृपतिं प्रति भारत ॥१२-५७-४०॥
ślokaś cāyaṃ purā gīto bhārgaveṇa mahātmanā। ākhyāte rāmacarite nṛpatiṃ prati bhārata ॥12-57-40॥
[श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse; च (ca) - and; अयम् (ayam) - this; पुरा (purā) - formerly; गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung; भार्गवेण (bhārgaveṇa) - by Bhārgava; महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one; आख्याते (ākhyāte) - narrated; रामचरिते (rāmacarite) - in the story of Rāma; नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - to the king; प्रति (prati) - unto; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(This verse also was formerly sung by Bhārgava, the great-souled one, narrated in the story of Rāma to the king, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, this verse too was once sung by the great-souled Bhārgava and narrated in the story of Rāma to the king.
राजानं प्रथमं विन्देत्ततो भार्यां ततो धनम्। राजन्यसति लोकस्य कुतो भार्या कुतो धनम् ॥१२-५७-४१॥
rājānaṃ prathamaṃ vindettato bhāryāṃ tato dhanam। rājanyasati lokasya kuto bhāryā kuto dhanam ॥12-57-41॥
[राजानम् (rājānam) - king; (accusative singular) प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first; (adverb) विन्देत् (vindet) - should obtain; (optative, 3rd person singular) ततः (tataḥ) - then; (ablative) भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife; (accusative singular) ततः (tataḥ) - then; (ablative) धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; (accusative singular) राजनि (rājani) - when the king; (locative singular) असति (asati) - is not; (present participle, negative) लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people; (genitive singular) कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; (interrogative) भार्या (bhāryā) - wife; (nominative singular) कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; (interrogative) धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; (nominative singular);]
(One should first obtain the king, then a wife, then wealth. When there is no king for the people, from where is a wife, from where is wealth?)
First, one should secure the king, then a wife, and then wealth. If there is no king for the people, how can there be a wife or wealth?
तद्राजन्राजसिंहानां नान्यो धर्मः सनातनः। ऋते रक्षां सुविस्पष्टां रक्षा लोकस्य धारणम् ॥१२-५७-४२॥
tad rājan rājasiṃhānāṃ nānyo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ। ṛte rakṣāṃ suvispaṣṭāṃ rakṣā lokasya dhāraṇam ॥12-57-42॥
[तत् (tat) - that; राजन् (rājan) - O king; राजसिंहानाम् (rājasiṃhānām) - of royal lions (kings); न (na) - not; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; ऋते (ṛte) - except; रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - protection; सुविस्पष्टाम् (suvispaṣṭām) - very clear; रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; धारणम् (dhāraṇam) - support;]
(That, O king, for royal lions (kings), there is no other eternal duty except the very clear protection, protection of the world’s support.)
O king, for rulers, there is no eternal duty other than the clear and manifest protection and support of the world.
प्राचेतसेन मनुना श्लोकौ चेमावुदाहृतौ। राजधर्मेषु राजेन्द्र ताविहैकमनाः शृणु ॥१२-५७-४३॥
prācetasena manunā ślokau cemāvudāhṛtau। rājadharmeṣu rājendra tāvihaikamanāḥ śṛṇu ॥12-57-43॥
[प्राचेतसेन (prācetasena) - by the son of Pracetas (Manu); मनुना (manunā) - by Manu; श्लोकौ (ślokau) - two verses; च (ca) - and; इमौ (imau) - these two; उदाहृतौ (udāhṛtau) - have been cited; राजधर्मेषु (rājadharmeṣu) - in the duties of kings; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings; तौ (tau) - those two; इह (iha) - here; एकमनाः (ekamanāḥ) - with one mind; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(By the son of Pracetas, by Manu, these two verses have been cited; in the duties of kings, O king of kings, those two here, with one mind, listen.)
O king of kings, these two verses, cited by Manu, the son of Pracetas, concerning the duties of kings, listen to them here with full attention.
षडेतान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे। अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम् ॥१२-५७-४४॥
ṣaḍ etān puruṣaḥ jahyāt bhinnāṃ nāvam iva arṇave। apravaktāram ācāryam anadhīyānam ṛtvijam॥12-57-44॥
[षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; एतान् (etān) - these; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; जह्यात् (jahyāt) - should abandon; भिन्नाम् (bhinnām) - broken; नावम् (nāvam) - boat; इव (iva) - like; अर्णवे (arṇave) - in the ocean; अप्रवक्तारम् (apravaktāram) - one who does not teach; आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - teacher; अनधीयानम् (anadhīyānam) - one who does not study; ऋत्विजम् (ṛtvijam) - priest;]
(A person should abandon these six, like a broken boat in the ocean: a teacher who does not teach, and a priest who does not study.)
A person should give up these six, just as one would abandon a broken boat in the ocean: a teacher who does not instruct, and a priest who does not study.
अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम्। ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम् ॥१२-५७-४५॥
arakṣitāraṃ rājānaṃ bhāryāṃ cāpriyavādinīm। grāmakāmaṃ ca gopālaṃ vanakāmaṃ ca nāpitam ॥12-57-45॥
[अरक्षितारम् (arakṣitāram) - one who does not protect; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife; च (ca) - and; अप्रियवादिनीम् (apriyavādinīm) - one who speaks unpleasantly; ग्रामकामम् (grāmakāmam) - desirous of the village; च (ca) - and; गोपालम् (gopālam) - cowherd; वनकामम् (vanakāmam) - desirous of the forest; च (ca) - and; नापितम् (nāpitam) - barber;]
(One who does not protect, the king, the wife who speaks unpleasantly, the cowherd desirous of the village, and the barber desirous of the forest.)
Do not trust a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires the village, or a barber who desires the forest.
