12.071
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said:
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञ वर्तमानो महीपतिः। सुखेनार्थान्सुखोदर्कानिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयात् ॥१२-७१-१॥
kena vṛttena vṛttajña vartamāno mahīpatiḥ। sukhena arthān sukhodarkān iha ca pretya ca āpnuyāt॥12-71-1॥
[केन (kena) - by which; वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - conduct; वृत्तज्ञ (vṛttajña) - knower of conduct; वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - abiding; महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king; सुखेन (sukhena) - with happiness; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects (of desire); सुखोदर्कान् (sukhodarkān) - having happiness as result; इह (iha) - here; च (ca) - and; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may obtain;]
(By which conduct, abiding as a knower of conduct, may the king obtain, with happiness, objects (of desire) having happiness as result, here and after death.)
By what conduct, if a king abides as a knower of conduct, may he happily obtain objects of desire that yield happiness, both in this world and after death?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
इयं गुणानां षट्त्रिंशत्षट्त्रिंशद्गुणसंयुता। यान्गुणांस्तु गुणोपेतः कुर्वन्गुणमवाप्नुयात् ॥१२-७१-२॥
iyaṃ guṇānāṃ ṣaṭtriṃśat-ṣaṭtriṃśad-guṇa-saṃyutā। yān guṇāṃs tu guṇopetaḥ kurvan guṇam avāpnuyāt ॥12-71-2॥
[इयं (iyaṃ) - this (feminine); गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of qualities; षट्त्रिंशत् (ṣaṭtriṃśat) - thirty-six; षट्त्रिंशत् (ṣaṭtriṃśat) - thirty-six; गुण (guṇa) - quality; संयुता (saṃyutā) - endowed with; यान् (yān) - which; whom; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; तु (tu) - but; गुणोपेतः (guṇopetaḥ) - endowed with qualities; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; गुणम् (guṇam) - quality; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may attain;]
(This (is) endowed with thirty-six qualities. But one who, being endowed with qualities, performs (these), may attain the quality.)
This is endowed with thirty-six qualities. But whoever, being endowed with qualities, performs these, may attain the quality.
चरेद्धर्मानकटुको मुञ्चेत्स्नेहं न नास्तिकः। अनृशंसश्चरेदर्थं चरेत्काममनुद्धतः ॥१२-७१-३॥
cared dharmān akaṭuko muñcet snehaṃ na nāstikaḥ। anṛśaṃsaś cared arthaṃ caret kāmam anuddhataḥ ॥12-71-3॥
[चरेत् (cared) - one should practice; धर्मान् (dharmān) - virtues; अकटुकः (akaṭukaḥ) - without harshness; मुञ्चेत् (muñcet) - should abandon; स्नेहम् (sneham) - attachment; न (na) - not; नास्तिकः (nāstikaḥ) - atheist; अनृशंसः (anṛśaṃsaḥ) - compassionate; चरेत् (cared) - should act; अर्थम् (artham) - for wealth; चरेत् (caret) - should act; कामम् (kāmam) - for desire; अनुद्धतः (anuddhataḥ) - without arrogance;]
(One should practice virtues without harshness; should abandon attachment; not be an atheist; being compassionate, should act for wealth and for desire, without arrogance.)
One should practice virtues gently, give up attachment, not be an atheist; being compassionate, act for wealth and desire without arrogance.
प्रियं ब्रूयादकृपणः शूरः स्यादविकत्थनः। दाता नापात्रवर्षी स्यात्प्रगल्भः स्यादनिष्ठुरः ॥१२-७१-४॥
priyaṃ brūyād akṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syād avikatthanaḥ। dātā nāpātravarṣī syāt pragalbhaḥ syād aniṣṭhuraḥ॥12-71-4॥
[प्रियं (priyaṃ) - pleasing; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak; अकृपणः (akṛpaṇaḥ) - not miserly; शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; अविकत्थनः (avikatthanaḥ) - not boastful; दाता (dātā) - giver; न (na) - not; अपात्रवर्षी (apātravarṣī) - one who gives not to the unworthy; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; प्रगल्भः (pragalbhaḥ) - bold; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; अनिष्ठुरः (aniṣṭhuraḥ) - not harsh;]
(One should speak what is pleasing, not be miserly, be brave, not boastful, a giver, not one who gives to the unworthy, should be bold, and not harsh.)
One should speak pleasantly, be generous and brave, avoid boasting, give only to the worthy, be bold, and never be harsh.
संदधीत न चानार्यैर्विगृह्णीयान्न बन्धुभिः। नानाप्तैः कारयेच्चारं कुर्यात्कार्यमपीडया ॥१२-७१-५॥
saṃdadhīta na cānāryair vigṛhṇīyān na bandhubhiḥ। nānāptaiḥ kārayec cāraṃ kuryāt kāryam apīḍayā ॥12-71-5॥
[संदधीत (saṃdadhīta) - should make alliance; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - with ignoble persons; विगृह्णीयात् (vigṛhṇīyāt) - should quarrel; न (na) - not; बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - with relatives; न (na) - not; अनाप्तैः (anāptaiḥ) - with unreliable persons; कारयेत् (kārayet) - should employ; चारम् (cāram) - spy; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; कार्यं (kāryam) - action; अपीडया (apīḍayā) - without oppression;]
(Should make alliance not with ignoble persons, should not quarrel with relatives; should not employ unreliable persons as spies, should perform action without oppression.)
One should not form alliances with ignoble people, nor quarrel with relatives; one should not employ unreliable persons as spies, and should accomplish tasks without causing harm.
अर्थान्ब्रूयान्न चासत्सु गुणान्ब्रूयान्न चात्मनः। आदद्यान्न च साधुभ्यो नासत्पुरुषमाश्रयेत् ॥१२-७१-६॥
arthān brūyān na cāsatsu guṇān brūyān na cātmanaḥ | ādad yān na ca sādhu-bhyo na asat-puruṣam āśrayet ||12-71-6||
[अर्थान् (arthān) - meanings; objectives; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; असत्सु (asatsu) - among the unworthy; गुणान् (guṇān) - virtues; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; आदद्यात् (ādad yāt) - should take; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; साधुभ्यः (sādhubhyaḥ) - from the virtuous; न (na) - not; असत्पुरुषम् (asat-puruṣam) - unworthy person; आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should resort to;]
(One should not speak meanings among the unworthy, nor should one speak virtues of oneself; one should not take from the virtuous, nor should one resort to an unworthy person.)
One should not discuss important matters among the unworthy, nor proclaim one's own virtues; one should not take from the virtuous, nor associate with unworthy people.
नापरीक्ष्य नयेद्दण्डं न च मन्त्रं प्रकाशयेत्। विसृजेन्न च लुब्धेभ्यो विश्वसेन्नापकारिषु ॥१२-७१-७॥
nāparīkṣya nayeddaṇḍaṃ na ca mantraṃ prakāśayet। visṛjenn ca lubdhebhyo viśvasennāpakāriṣu ॥12-71-7॥
[न (na) - not; अपरीक्ष्य (aparīkṣya) - without examining; नयेत् (nayet) - should lead; दण्डं (daṇḍam) - punishment; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मन्त्रं (mantram) - counsel; प्रकाशयेत् (prakāśayet) - should disclose; विसृजेत् (visṛjet) - should bestow; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; लुब्धेभ्यः (lubdhebhyaḥ) - to the greedy; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust; न (na) - not; अपकारिषु (apakāriṣu) - in those who do harm;]
(Not without examining should one inflict punishment, nor should one disclose counsel. One should not bestow (anything) on the greedy, nor trust those who do harm.)
One should not inflict punishment without examination, nor reveal counsel. One should not give to the greedy, nor trust those who do harm.
अनीर्षुर्गुप्तदारः स्याच्चोक्षः स्यादघृणी नृपः। स्त्रियं सेवेत नात्यर्थं मृष्टं भुञ्जीत नाहितम् ॥१२-७१-८॥
anīrṣur-gupta-dāraḥ syāc-cokṣaḥ syād-aghṛṇī nṛpaḥ | striyaṃ seveta nātyarthaṃ mṛṣṭaṃ bhuñjīta nāhitam ||12-71-8||
[अनीर्षुः (anīrṣuḥ) - not envious; गुप्तदारः (gupta-dāraḥ) - one whose wife is protected; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; च (ca) - and; उक्षः (ukṣaḥ) - strong; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; अघृणी (aghṛṇī) - not compassionate; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman; सेवेत (seveta) - should associate with; न (na) - not; अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively; मृष्टम् (mṛṣṭam) - well-cooked; भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should eat; न (na) - not; अहितम् (ahitam) - unwholesome;]
(A king should be not envious, should have a protected wife, should be strong, and not compassionate. He should associate with a woman not excessively, should eat well-cooked (food), not unwholesome (food).)
A king should be free from envy, guard his wife, be strong, and not be overly compassionate. He should not associate excessively with women, and should eat only well-cooked and wholesome food.
अस्तब्धः पूजयेन्मान्यान्गुरून्सेवेदमायया। अर्चेद्देवान्न दम्भेन श्रियमिच्छेदकुत्सिताम् ॥१२-७१-९॥
astabdhaḥ pūjayen mānyān gurūn seveda māyayā। arced devān na dambhena śriyam icchet akutsitām ॥12-71-9॥
[अस्तब्धः (astabdhaḥ) - unshaken; steadfast; पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should worship; मान्यान् (mānyān) - the venerable; those worthy of respect; गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers; gurus; सेवेत (seveda) - should serve; मायया (māyayā) - with sincerity; not deceitfully; अर्चेत् (arcet) - should worship; देवान् (devān) - the gods; न (na) - not; दम्भेन (dambhena) - with hypocrisy; श्रियं (śriyam) - prosperity; wealth; इच्छेत् (icchet) - should desire; अकुत्सिताम् (akutsitām) - not contemptible; not blameworthy;]
(Unshaken, one should worship the venerable, serve the teachers with sincerity; one should worship the gods, not with hypocrisy, and should desire prosperity that is not contemptible.)
One should steadfastly worship the venerable and serve the teachers sincerely; worship the gods without hypocrisy, and desire only prosperity that is not blameworthy.
सेवेत प्रणयं हित्वा दक्षः स्यान्न त्वकालवित्। सान्त्वयेन्न च भोगार्थमनुगृह्णन्न चाक्षिपेत् ॥१२-७१-१०॥
seveta praṇayaṃ hitvā dakṣaḥ syān na tv akālavit। sāntvayen na ca bhogārtham anugṛhṇan na cākṣipet॥12-71-10॥
[सेवेत (seveta) - should associate; प्रणयं (praṇayam) - affection; हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - a competent one; स्यान् (syān) - should be; न (na) - not; त्व (tu) - but; अकालवित् (akālavit) - one ignorant of proper time; सान्त्वयेत् (sāntvayet) - should conciliate; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; भोगार्थम् (bhogārtham) - for the sake of enjoyment; अनुगृह्णन् (anugṛhṇan) - while favoring; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आक्षिपेत् (ākṣipet) - should reproach;]
(One should associate, having abandoned affection, being competent, but not ignorant of proper time; should conciliate and not, for the sake of enjoyment, while favoring, and not reproach.)
One should associate with others after abandoning personal affection, act with competence and not ignorance of proper timing; one should conciliate, not for the sake of enjoyment, and while favoring others, should not reproach them.
प्रहरेन्न त्वविज्ञाय हत्वा शत्रून्न शेषयेत्। क्रोधं कुर्यान्न चाकस्मान्मृदुः स्यान्नापकारिषु ॥१२-७१-११॥
praharen na tv avijñāya hatvā śatrūn na śeṣayet। krodhaṃ kuryān na cākasmān mṛduḥ syān nāpakāriṣu ॥12-71-11॥
[प्रहरेत् (praharet) - should strike; न (na) - not; त्व् (tv) - but; अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing; हत्वा (hatvā) - having slain; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; न (na) - not; शेषयेत् (śeṣayet) - should leave remaining; क्रोधं (krodham) - anger; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आकस्मात् (ākasmāt) - suddenly; मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; न (na) - not; अपकारिषु (apakāriṣu) - towards wrongdoers;]
(One should not strike without knowing, nor, having slain enemies, leave any remaining. One should not act in anger, nor suddenly; one should not be gentle towards wrongdoers.)
One should not attack without proper understanding, nor leave any enemies alive after defeating them. One should not act out of anger or impulsively, and should not show gentleness towards those who do harm.
एवं चरस्व राज्यस्थो यदि श्रेय इहेच्छसि। अतोऽन्यथा नरपतिर्भयमृच्छत्यनुत्तमम् ॥१२-७१-१२॥
evaṃ carasva rājyastho yadi śreya ihecchasi। ato'nyathā narapatirbhayamṛcchatyanuttamam ॥12-71-12॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; चरस्व (carasva) - conduct yourself; राज्यस्थः (rājyasthaḥ) - being established in the kingdom; यदि (yadi) - if; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the better; इह (iha) - here; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; नरपतिः (narapatiḥ) - the king; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - attains; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed;]
(Thus conduct yourself, being established in the kingdom, if you desire the better here. Otherwise, the king attains unsurpassed fear.)
If you desire what is best here, conduct yourself in this way while established in the kingdom. Otherwise, the king will experience the greatest fear.
इति सर्वान्गुणानेतान्यथोक्तान्योऽनुवर्तते। अनुभूयेह भद्राणि प्रेत्य स्वर्गे महीयते ॥१२-७१-१३॥
iti sarvānguṇānetānyathoktānyo'anuvartate। anubhūyeha bhadrāṇi pretya svarge mahīyate ॥12-71-13॥
[इति (iti) - thus; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; एतान् (etān) - these; यथोक्तान् (yathoktān) - as stated; यः (yaḥ) - who; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows; अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; इह (iha) - here; भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - auspicious things; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after departing; स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven; महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored;]
(Thus, all these qualities as stated, whoever follows, having experienced auspicious things here, after departing, is honored in heaven.)
Thus, whoever follows all these qualities as stated, after experiencing auspicious things here, is honored in heaven.
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
इदं वचः शान्तनवस्य शुश्रुवा; न्युधिष्ठिरः पाण्डवमुख्यसंवृतः। तदा ववन्दे च पितामहं नृपो; यथोक्तमेतच्च चकार बुद्धिमान् ॥१२-७१-१४॥
idaṃ vacaḥ śāntanavasya śuśruvā; nyudhiṣṭhiraḥ pāṇḍavamukhyasaṃvṛtaḥ। tadā vavande ca pitāmahaṃ nṛpo; yathoktam etac ca cakāra buddhimān ॥12-71-14॥
[इदं (idaṃ) - this; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; शान्तनवस्य (śāntanavasya) - of Śāntanu's (descendant); शुश्रुवा (śuśruvā) - heard; न्युधिष्ठिरः (nyudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira; पाण्डवमुख्यसंवृतः (pāṇḍavamukhyasaṃvṛtaḥ) - surrounded by the foremost of the Pāṇḍavas; तदा (tadā) - then; ववन्दे (vavande) - bowed; च (ca) - and; पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - to the grandsire; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king; यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - as instructed; एतत् (etat) - this; च (ca) - and; चकार (cakāra) - did; बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - the wise one;]
(This speech of Śāntanu's (descendant) heard King Yudhiṣṭhira, surrounded by the foremost of the Pāṇḍavas; then the king, having bowed to the grandsire, as instructed, this also did, the wise one.)
King Yudhiṣṭhira, surrounded by the foremost of the Pāṇḍavas, heard this speech of Bhīṣma, the descendant of Śāntanu; then, having bowed to the grandsire, the wise king did exactly as instructed.
