12.078
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said:
केषां राजा प्रभवति वित्तस्य भरतर्षभ। कया च वृत्त्या वर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-७८-१॥
keṣāṃ rājā prabhavati vittasya bharatarṣabha। kayā ca vṛttyā varteta tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-78-1॥
[केषां (keṣām) - of whom; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - has power; वित्तस्य (vittasya) - of wealth; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; कया (kayā) - by which; च (ca) - and; वृत्त्या (vṛttyā) - conduct; वर्तेत (varteta) - should one live; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(O best of the Bharatas, of whom does the king have power over wealth? And by what conduct should one live? That, tell me, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, tell me: Over whose wealth does the king have authority, O best of the Bharatas? And by what conduct should one live?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
अब्राह्मणानां वित्तस्य स्वामी राजेति वैदिकम्। ब्राह्मणानां च ये केचिद्विकर्मस्था भवन्त्युत ॥१२-७८-२॥
abrāhmaṇānāṃ vittasya svāmī rājeti vaidikam। brāhmaṇānāṃ ca ye kecid vikarmasthā bhavanty uta ॥12-78-2॥
[अब्राह्मणानाम् (abrāhmaṇānām) - of non-Brāhmaṇas; वित्तस्य (vittasya) - of wealth; स्वामी (svāmī) - lord; owner; राजा (rājā) - king; इति (iti) - thus; वैदिकम् (vaidikam) - Vedic (statement); ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; केचित् (kecit) - some; विकर्मस्था (vikarmasthā) - engaged in improper acts; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Of non-Brāhmaṇas' wealth, the king is the lord—thus (is) the Vedic (statement). And of Brāhmaṇas, those who are engaged in improper acts, indeed, are (so).)
The king is the rightful owner of the wealth of non-Brāhmaṇas, according to the Veda. And among Brāhmaṇas, those who engage in improper acts are also (subject to this rule).
विकर्मस्थाश्च नोपेक्ष्या विप्रा राज्ञा कथञ्चन। इति राज्ञां पुरावृत्तमभिजल्पन्ति साधवः ॥१२-७८-३॥
vikarmasthāś ca nopekṣyā viprā rājñā kathañcana। iti rājñāṃ purāvṛttam abhijalpanti sādhavaḥ ॥12-78-3॥
[विकर्मस्थाः (vikarmasthāḥ) - engaged in improper acts; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; उपेक्ष्याः (upekṣyāḥ) - to be neglected; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way; इति (iti) - thus; राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings; पुरावृत्तम् (purāvṛttam) - ancient event; अभिजल्पन्ति (abhijalpanti) - they recount; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous ones;]
(Those engaged in improper acts and Brāhmaṇas are not to be neglected by the king in any way—thus, the virtuous ones recount an ancient event of kings.)
The virtuous say that even Brāhmaṇas engaged in improper acts should never be neglected by the king; thus is recounted an ancient event concerning kings.
यस्य स्म विषये राज्ञः स्तेनो भवति वै द्विजः। राज्ञ एवापराधं तं मन्यन्ते किल्बिषं नृप ॥१२-७८-४॥
yasya sma viṣaye rājñaḥ steno bhavati vai dvijaḥ। rājña evāparādhaṃ taṃ manyante kilbiṣaṃ nṛpa ॥12-78-4॥
[यस्य (yasya) - of whom; स्म (sma) - indeed; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - a thief; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; वै (vai) - truly; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (Brahmin, etc.); राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; एव (eva) - only; अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense; तम् (tam) - that; मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider; किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]
(Of whom indeed in the domain of the king a thief becomes truly, a twice-born; of the king only that offense they consider sin, O king.)
O king, if a twice-born person becomes a thief in the domain of a king, that offense is considered the king's sin.
अभिशस्तमिवात्मानं मन्यन्ते तेन कर्मणा। तस्माद्राजर्षयः सर्वे ब्राह्मणानन्वपालयन् ॥१२-७८-५॥
abhiśastam ivātmānaṃ manyante tena karmaṇā। tasmād rājarṣayaḥ sarve brāhmaṇān anvapālayan ॥12-78-5॥
[अभिशस्तम् (abhiśastam) - cursed; इव (iva) - as if; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - themselves; मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider; तेन (tena) - by that; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - action; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brāhmaṇas; अन्वपालयन् (anvapālayan) - protected;]
(They consider themselves as if cursed by that action; therefore all royal sages protected the Brāhmaṇas.)
Because of that action, they regarded themselves as if accursed; therefore, all the royal sages protected the Brāhmaṇas.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। गीतं केकयराजेन ह्रियमाणेन रक्षसा ॥१२-७८-६॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। gītaṃ kekayarājena hriyamāṇena rakṣasā ॥12-78-6॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; गीतम् (gītam) - recited; केकयराजेन (kekayarājena) - by the king of Kekaya; ह्रियमाणेन (hriyamāṇena) - being abducted; रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by the demon;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history, recited by the king of Kekaya while being abducted by the demon.)
Here too, an ancient story is told: it was recited by the king of Kekaya as he was being carried away by the demon.
केकयानामधिपतिं रक्षो जग्राह दारुणम्। स्वाध्यायेनान्वितं राजन्नरण्ये संशितव्रतम् ॥१२-७८-७॥
kekayānām-adhipatiṃ rakṣo jagrāha dāruṇam। svādhyāyenānvitaṃ rājannaraṇye saṃśitavratam ॥12-78-7॥
[केकयानाम् (kekayānām) - of the Kekayas; अधिपतिं (adhipatiṃ) - lord; रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - rākṣasa (demon); जग्राह (jagrāha) - seized; दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible; स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - by self-study; अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed; राजन् (rājan) - O king; अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest; संशितव्रतम् (saṃśitavratam) - firm in vows;]
(The rākṣasa seized the lord of the Kekayas, terrible, endowed with self-study, O king, firm in vows, in the forest.)
O king, in the forest, the rākṣasa seized the lord of the Kekayas, who was terrible, devoted to self-study, and firm in his vows.
राजोवाच॥
rājovāca॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The king said:)
The king said:
न मे स्तेनो जनपदे न कदर्यो न मद्यपः। नानाहिताग्निर्नायज्वा मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-८॥
na me steno janapade na kadaryo na madyapaḥ। nānāhitāgnirnāyajvā māmakāntaramāviśaḥ ॥12-78-8॥
[न (na) - not; मे (me) - my; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - thief; जनपदे (janapade) - in the country; न (na) - not; कदर्यः (kadaryaḥ) - miser; न (na) - not; मद्यपः (madyapaḥ) - drunkard; न (na) - not; अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has not kindled the sacred fire; न (na) - not; अयज्वा (ayajvā) - one who does not perform sacrifices; मामकान्तरम् (māmaka-antaram) - among my people; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enters;]
(Not my thief in the country, not miser, not drunkard; not one who has not kindled the sacred fire, not one who does not perform sacrifices enters among my people.)
In my country, let there be no thief, no miser, no drunkard; let no one who has not kindled the sacred fire or who does not perform sacrifices enter among my people.
न च मे ब्राह्मणोऽविद्वान्नाव्रती नाप्यसोमपः। नानाहिताग्निर्विषये मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-९॥
na ca me brāhmaṇo'vidvān nāvratī nāpyasomapah। nānāhitāgnirviṣaye māmaka antarama āviśaḥ ॥12-78-9॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मे (me) - my; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; अविद्वान् (avidvān) - ignorant; न (na) - not; अव्रती (avratī) - not an observer of vows; न (na) - not; अपि (api) - even; असोमपः (asomapah) - one who has not drunk soma; न (na) - not; अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has not kindled the sacred fire; विषये (viṣaye) - in the territory; मामक (māmaka) - of mine; अन्तरम् (antaram) - within; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - should enter;]
(And not my brāhmaṇa, ignorant, not an observer of vows, nor even one who has not drunk soma, nor one who has not kindled the sacred fire, in the territory of mine, within, should enter.)
No brāhmaṇa who is ignorant, who does not observe vows, who has not drunk soma, or who has not kindled the sacred fire, should enter within my territory.
नानाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजन्ते विषये मम। अधीते नाव्रती कश्चिन्मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१०॥
nānāptadakṣiṇairyajñairyajante viṣaye mama। adhīte nāvratī kaścinmāmakāntaramāviśaḥ ॥12-78-10॥
[नाना-अप्त-दक्षिणैः (nānā-āpta-dakṣiṇaiḥ) - various-obtained-gifts; यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrifices; यजन्ते (yajante) - they worship; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; मम (mama) - of me; अधीते (adhīte) - studies; न (na) - not; अव्रती (avratī) - one without vows; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; मामक-अन्तरम् (māmaka-antaram) - my inner space; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enters;]
(With various obtained gifts and sacrifices, they worship in my domain. One who is not observing vows does not study, nor does anyone enter my inner space.)
They worship me in my domain with various gifts and sacrifices. But one who does not observe vows does not study, nor does anyone enter my inner sanctum.
अधीयतेऽध्यापयन्ति यजन्ते याजयन्ति च। ददति प्रतिगृह्णन्ति षट्सु कर्मस्ववस्थिताः ॥१२-७८-११॥
adhīyate'dhyāpayanti yajante yājayanti ca। dadati pratigṛhṇanti ṣaṭsu karmasvavasthitāḥ ॥12-78-11॥
[अधीयते (adhīyate) - is studied; (from dhā, to place, with prefix a- and causative suffix -ya) अध्यापयन्ति (adhyāpayanti) - they teach; (causative of adhy-√i, to study, with causative suffix -aya) यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifice; (from √yaj, to worship, sacrifice) याजयन्ति (yājayanti) - they cause to perform sacrifice; (causative of √yaj, to cause to sacrifice) च (ca) - and; ददति (dadati) - they give; (from √dā, to give) प्रतिगृह्णन्ति (pratigṛhṇanti) - they receive; (from prati-√gṛh, to accept, receive) षट्सु (ṣaṭsu) - in six; (locative plural of ṣaṭ, six) कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions; (locative plural of karma, action) अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - are established; (from ava-√sthā, to stand, remain, be established);]
(Is studied, they teach, they perform sacrifice, they cause to perform sacrifice, and; they give, they receive; in six actions are established.)
They are established in six actions: studying, teaching, performing sacrifice, causing sacrifice to be performed, giving, and receiving.
पूजिताः संविभक्ताश्च मृदवः सत्यवादिनः। ब्राह्मणा मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१२॥
pūjitāḥ saṃvibhaktāś ca mṛdavaḥ satyavādinaḥ। brāhmaṇā me svakarmasthā mām akāntaram āviśaḥ॥12-78-12॥
[पूजिताः (pūjitāḥ) - honored; संविभक्ताः (saṃvibhaktāḥ) - well-distributed; च (ca) - and; मृदवः (mṛdavaḥ) - gentle; सत्यवादिनः (satyavādinaḥ) - truth-speaking; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; मे (me) - my; स्वकर्मस्था (svakarmasthā) - engaged in their own duties; माम् (mām) - me; अकान्तरम् (akāntaram) - without interval; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Honored, well-distributed, and gentle, truth-speaking Brāhmaṇas, my own, engaged in their own duties, enter me without interval.)
My Brāhmaṇas, who are honored, well-cared for, gentle, and truthful, always engaged in their own duties, enter into me without any separation.
न याचन्ते प्रयच्छन्ति सत्यधर्मविशारदाः। नाध्यापयन्त्यधीयन्ते यजन्ते न च याजकाः ॥१२-७८-१३॥
na yācante prayacchanti satyadharmaviśāradāḥ। nādhyāpayantyadhīyante yajante na ca yājakāḥ ॥12-78-13॥
[न (na) - not; याचन्ते (yācante) - they beg; प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give; सत्यधर्मविशारदाः (satyadharmaviśāradāḥ) - those skilled in truth and dharma; न (na) - not; अध्यापयन्ति (adhyāpayanti) - they teach; अधीयन्ते (adhīyante) - they study; यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform sacrifice; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; याजकाः (yājakāḥ) - priests;]
(Not they beg, they give, those skilled in truth and dharma; not they teach, they study, they perform sacrifice, not and priests.)
Those skilled in truth and dharma do not beg, but give; they do not teach, but study; they perform sacrifices, but are not priests.
ब्राह्मणान्परिरक्षन्ति सङ्ग्रामेष्वपलायिनः। क्षत्रिया मे स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१४॥
brāhmaṇān parirakṣanti saṅgrāmeṣv apalāyinaḥ। kṣatriyā me svakarmasthā mām akāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-14॥
[ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brāhmaṇas; परिरक्षन्ति (parirakṣanti) - protect; सङ्ग्रामेषु (saṅgrāmeṣu) - in battles; अपलायिनः (apalāyinaḥ) - not fleeing; क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - the Kṣatriyas; मे (me) - my; स्वकर्मस्थाः (svakarmasthāḥ) - engaged in their own duty; माम् (mām) - me; अकान्तरम् (akāntaram) - without deviation; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(The Kṣatriyas, not fleeing in battles, protect the Brāhmaṇas; my own, engaged in their own duty, enter me without deviation.)
The Kṣatriyas who do not flee from battle protect the Brāhmaṇas; my own Kṣatriyas, steadfast in their duties, come to me without deviation.
कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यमुपजीवन्त्यमायया। अप्रमत्ताः क्रियावन्तः सुव्रताः सत्यवादिनः ॥१२-७८-१५॥
kṛṣigorakṣavāṇijyamupajīvantyamāyayā। apramattāḥ kriyāvantaḥ suvratāḥ satyavādinaḥ ॥12-78-15॥
[कृषि (kṛṣi) - agriculture; गोरक्ष (gorakṣa) - cow protection; वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - subsist; अमायया (amāyayā) - without deceit; अप्रमत्ताः (apramattāḥ) - vigilant; क्रियावन्तः (kriyāvantaḥ) - active in duties; सुव्रताः (suvratāḥ) - of good vows; सत्यवादिनः (satyavādinaḥ) - truthful speakers;]
(Agriculture, cow protection, and trade they subsist on, without deceit. Vigilant, active in duties, of good vows, truthful speakers.)
They make their living through agriculture, cow protection, and trade, without deceit. They are vigilant, diligent in their duties, steadfast in good vows, and speak the truth.
संविभागं दमं शौचं सौहृदं च व्यपाश्रिताः। मम वैश्याः स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१६॥
saṃvibhāgaṃ damaṃ śaucaṃ sauhṛdaṃ ca vyapāśritāḥ। mama vaiśyāḥ svakarmasthā māmakāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-16॥
[संविभागम् (saṃvibhāgam) - distribution; दमम् (damam) - self-restraint; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; सौहृदम् (sauhṛdam) - friendliness; च (ca) - and; व्यपाश्रिताः (vyapāśritāḥ) - resorted to; मम (mama) - my; वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas; स्वकर्मस्था (svakarmasthā) - engaged in their own duties; मामक-अन्तरम् (māmaka-antaram) - my sphere; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Distribution, self-restraint, purity, friendliness and resorting to (these), my Vaiśyas, engaged in their own duties, enter my sphere.)
My Vaiśyas, who are engaged in their own duties, resort to distribution, self-restraint, purity, and friendliness, and thus enter my domain.
त्रीन्वर्णाननुतिष्ठन्ति यथावदनसूयकाः। मम शूद्राः स्वकर्मस्था मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१७॥
trīn varṇān anutiṣṭhanti yathāvat anasūyakāḥ। mama śūdrāḥ svakarmasthā mām akāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-17॥
[त्रीन् (trīn) - three; (accusative plural of 'three') वर्णान् (varṇān) - classes; (accusative plural of 'varṇa') अनुतिष्ठन्ति (anutiṣṭhanti) - perform; (they) observe; (they) follow; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; as prescribed; अनसूयकाः (anasūyakāḥ) - without envy; (they who are) non-envious; मम (mama) - my; of me; शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - śūdras; (they) of the fourth class; स्वकर्मस्था (svakarmasthā) - engaged in their own duties; माम् (mām) - me; (to) me; अकान्तरम् (akāntaram) - without difference; without separation; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter; (they) enter;]
(Those who are non-envious properly perform the three classes (duties); my śūdras, engaged in their own duties, enter me without difference.)
Those who are free from envy properly observe the duties of the three classes; my śūdras, engaged in their own duties, enter into me without distinction.
कृपणानाथवृद्धानां दुर्बलातुरयोषिताम्। संविभक्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१८॥
kṛpaṇānātha-vṛddhānāṃ durbalātura-yoṣitām। saṃvibhaktāsmi sarveṣāṃ māmaka-antaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-18॥
[कृपण (kṛpaṇa) - miserable; अनाथ (anātha) - helpless; वृद्धानां (vṛddhānāṃ) - of the aged; दुर्बल (durbala) - weak; आतुर (ātura) - afflicted; योषिताम् (yoṣitām) - of women; संविभक्ता (saṃvibhaktā) - distributed; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; सर्वेषां (sarveṣāṃ) - of all; मामक (māmaka) - my; अन्तरम् (antaram) - within; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Of the miserable, helpless, aged, weak, afflicted women, I am distributed to all; enter within my own (people).)
I distribute myself among all the miserable, helpless, aged, weak, and afflicted women; enter into my own people.
कुलदेशादिधर्माणां प्रथितानां यथाविधि। अव्युच्छेत्तास्मि सर्वेषां मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-१९॥
kuladeśādidharmāṇāṃ prathitānāṃ yathāvidhi। avyucchettāsmi sarveṣāṃ māmakāntaramāviśaḥ ॥12-78-19॥
[कुल (kula) - family; देश (deśa) - region; आदि (ādi) - and others; धर्माणां (dharmāṇām) - of dharmas; प्रथितानां (prathitānām) - well-known; यथा (yathā) - according to; विधि (vidhi) - rule; अव्युच्छेत्ता (avyucchettā) - one who does not destroy; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; सर्वेषां (sarveṣām) - of all; मामक (māmaka) - my; अन्तरम् (antaram) - difference; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enterer;]
(Of the well-known dharmas of family, region, and others, according to rule, I am the non-destroyer of all; enter into my difference.)
I do not destroy the established dharmas of family, region, and others, as per the rules; you should enter into my distinct path.
तपस्विनो मे विषये पूजिताः परिपालिताः। संविभक्ताश्च सत्कृत्य मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२०॥
tapasvino me viṣaye pūjitāḥ paripālitāḥ। saṃvibhaktāś ca satkṛtya mām akāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-20॥
[तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics; मे (me) - my; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; पूजिताः (pūjitāḥ) - honored; परिपालिताः (paripālitāḥ) - protected; संविभक्ताः (saṃvibhaktāḥ) - well-provided; च (ca) - and; सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having duly honored; माम् (mām) - me; अकान्तरम् (akāntaram) - without delay; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Ascetics in my domain have been honored, protected, and well-provided; and having duly honored me, enter without delay.)
The ascetics in my domain have been honored, protected, and provided for; after duly honoring me, you may enter without delay.
नासंविभज्य भोक्तास्मि न विशामि परस्त्रियम्। स्वतन्त्रो जातु न क्रीडे मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२१॥
nāsaṃvibhajya bhoktāsmi na viśāmi parastriyam। svatantrō jātu na krīḍe māmakāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-21॥
[न (na) - not; असंविभज्य (asaṃvibhajya) - without dividing; भोक्ता (bhoktā) - enjoyer; अस्मि (asmi) - am; न (na) - not; विशामि (viśāmi) - enter; परस्त्रियम् (parastriyam) - another's woman; स्वतन्त्रः (svatantraḥ) - independent; जातु (jātu) - ever; न (na) - not; क्रीडे (krīḍe) - play; मामक (māmaka) - my own; अन्तरम् (antaram) - within; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter; ॥१२-७८-२१॥ (॥12-78-21॥) -;]
(Not without dividing am I the enjoyer; not do I enter another's woman. Independent ever not do I play; my own within do I enter.)
I do not enjoy without proper division; I do not approach another's wife. I never act independently, nor do I enter what is not my own.
नाब्रह्मचारी भिक्षावान्भिक्षुर्वाब्रह्मचारिकः। अनृत्विजं हुतं नास्ति मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२२॥
nābrahmacārī bhikṣāvānbhikṣurvābrahmacārikaḥ। anṛtvijaṃ hutaṃ nāsti māmakāntaramāviśaḥ ॥12-78-22॥
[न (na) - not; अब्रह्मचारी (a-brahmacārī) - not a celibate; भिक्षावान् (bhikṣāvān) - one who possesses alms; भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant; वा (vā) - or; अब्रह्मचारिकः (a-brahmacārikaḥ) - not a celibate (female); अनृत्विजम् (anṛtvijam) - without a priest; हुतम् (hutam) - offering; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - exists; मामक (māmaka) - my; अन्तरम् (antaram) - difference; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Not a celibate, one who possesses alms, or a mendicant, or not a celibate (female); an offering without a priest does not exist; enter my difference.)
Neither a non-celibate who possesses alms nor a mendicant or a non-celibate woman; an offering without a priest does not exist; enter into my distinction.
नावजानाम्यहं वृद्धान्न वैद्यान्न तपस्विनः। राष्ट्रे स्वपति जागर्मि मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२३॥
nāvajānāmyahaṃ vṛddhānna vaidyānna tapasvinaḥ। rāṣṭre svapati jāgarmi māmakāntaramāviśaḥ ॥12-78-23॥
[न (na) - not; अवजानामि (avajānāmi) - I disregard; अहम् (aham) - I; वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - the elders; न (na) - not; वैद्यान् (vaidyān) - the physicians; न (na) - not; तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - the ascetics; राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom; स्वपति (svapati) - the lord; जागर्मि (jāgarmi) - I keep awake; मामक (māmaka) - my; अन्तरम् (antaram) - within; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - you enter;]
(Not I disregard I the elders, not the physicians, not the ascetics. In the kingdom, the lord I keep awake. My within you enter.)
I do not disregard the elders, nor the physicians, nor the ascetics. In the kingdom, the lord keeps awake; enter within me.
वेदाध्ययनसम्पन्नस्तपस्वी सर्वधर्मवित्। स्वामी सर्वस्य राज्यस्य श्रीमान्मम पुरोहितः ॥१२-७८-२४॥
vedādhyayanasampannastapasvī sarvadharmavit। svāmī sarvasya rājyasya śrīmān mama purohitaḥ ॥12-78-24॥
[वेद-अध्ययन-सम्पन्नः (veda-adhyayana-sampannaḥ) - endowed with study of the Vedas; तपस्वी (tapasvī) - ascetic; सर्व-धर्म-वित् (sarva-dharma-vit) - knower of all dharmas; स्वामी (svāmī) - lord; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - prosperous; मम (mama) - my; पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - priest;]
(Endowed with study of the Vedas, ascetic, knower of all dharmas, lord of all the kingdom, prosperous, my priest.)
He is endowed with the study of the Vedas, is ascetic, knows all dharmas, is the lord of the entire kingdom, is prosperous, and is my priest.
दानेन दिव्यानभिवाञ्छामि लोका; न्सत्येनाथो ब्राह्मणानां च गुप्त्या। शुश्रूषया चापि गुरूनुपैमि; न मे भयं विद्यते राक्षसेभ्यः ॥१२-७८-२५॥
dānena divyān abhivāñchāmi lokān; satyenātho brāhmaṇānāṃ ca guptyā. śuśrūṣayā cāpi gurūn upaimi; na me bhayaṃ vidyate rākṣasebhyaḥ ॥12-78-25॥
[दानेन (dānena) - by giving; by charity; दिव्यान् (divyān) - divine; heavenly; अभिवाञ्छामि (abhivāñchāmi) - I desire; I wish for; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; realms; सत्येन (satyena) - by truth; by truthfulness; अथ (atha) - then; moreover; उ (u) - indeed; certainly; ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; गुप्त्या (guptyā) - by protection; शुश्रूषया (śuśrūṣayā) - by service; by attentive service; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers; elders; उपैमि (upaimi) - I approach; I attend; न (na) - not; मे (me) - to me; for me; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; राक्षसेभ्यः (rākṣasebhyaḥ) - from the Rākṣasas; from demons;]
(By charity I desire the divine worlds; by truth and indeed by the protection of Brāhmaṇas; by service also I approach the teachers; there is no fear for me from the Rākṣasas.)
Through charity I seek the heavenly worlds; through truth and the protection of Brāhmaṇas; through service I attend to my teachers; thus, I have no fear from the Rākṣasas.
न मे राष्ट्रे विधवा ब्रह्मबन्धु; र्न ब्राह्मणः कृपणो नोत चोरः। न पारजायी न च पापकर्मा; न मे भयं विद्यते राक्षसेभ्यः ॥१२-७८-२६॥
na me rāṣṭre vidhavā brahmabandhuḥ na brāhmaṇaḥ kṛpaṇo nota cōraḥ। na pārajāyī na ca pāpakarmā na me bhayaṃ vidyate rākṣasebhyaḥ॥12-78-26॥
[न (na) - not; मे (me) - in my; राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - kingdom; विधवा (vidhavā) - widow; ब्रह्मबन्धुः (brahmabandhuḥ) - one born in a brāhmaṇa family but not following dharma; न (na) - not; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; कृपणः (kṛpaṇaḥ) - miserable; न (na) - not; उत (uta) - and also; चोरः (cōraḥ) - thief; न (na) - not; पारजायी (pārajāyī) - one who is defeated; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; पापकर्मा (pāpakarmā) - one who does evil deeds; न (na) - not; मे (me) - to me; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; राक्षसेभ्यः (rākṣasebhyaḥ) - from rākṣasas (demons);]
(Not in my kingdom (is) a widow, nor a brāhmaṇa by birth not following dharma; nor a brāhmaṇa miserable, nor also a thief; not one who is defeated, nor one who does evil deeds; not to me is fear from rākṣasas (demons).)
In my kingdom, there is no widow, no brāhmaṇa by birth who does not follow dharma, no brāhmaṇa who is miserable, nor any thief; there is no one who is defeated, nor anyone who does evil deeds; I have no fear from rākṣasas (demons).
न मे शस्त्रैरनिर्भिन्नमङ्गे द्व्यङ्गुलमन्तरम्। धर्मार्थं युध्यमानस्य मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२७॥
na me śastrair anirbhinnam aṅge dvyaṅgulam antaram। dharmārthaṃ yudhyamānasya mām akāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-27॥
[न (na) - not; मे (me) - my; शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons; अनिर्भिन्नम् (anirbhinnam) - not pierced; अङ्गे (aṅge) - in the body; द्वि-अङ्गुलम् (dvi-aṅgulam) - two fingers (width); अन्तरम् (antaram) - space; धर्म-अर्थम् (dharma-artham) - for the sake of dharma; युध्यमानस्य (yudhyamānasya) - of the one fighting; माम (mām) - me; अन्तरम् (antaram) - space; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter; १२-७८-२७ (12-78-27) - 12-78-27;]
(Not in my body is there a space of two fingers not pierced by weapons. For the sake of dharma, O one fighting, enter me (this) space.)
There is not even a space of two fingers on my body that has not been pierced by weapons. For the sake of dharma, O warrior, enter this space in me.
गोब्राह्मणे च यज्ञे च नित्यं स्वस्त्ययनं मम। आशासते जना राष्ट्रे मामकान्तरमाविशः ॥१२-७८-२८॥
gobrāhmaṇe ca yajñe ca nityaṃ svastyayanaṃ mama। āśāsate janā rāṣṭre māmakāntaram āviśaḥ ॥12-78-28॥
[गो (go) - cow; ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - brāhmaṇa; च (ca) - and; यज्ञे (yajñe) - sacrifice; च (ca) - and; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; स्वस्त्ययनं (svastyayanam) - benediction; मम (mama) - my; आशासते (āśāsate) - wish for; जना (janā) - people; राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom; मामकान्तरम् (māmakāntaram) - my absence; आविशः (āviśaḥ) - enter;]
(Cows, brāhmaṇas, and sacrifices always my benediction; wish for people in the kingdom my absence enter.)
Cows, brāhmaṇas, and sacrifices always receive my blessings; the people in the kingdom wish for my absence.
राक्षस उवाच॥
rākṣasa uvāca॥
[राक्षस (rākṣasa) - demon; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The demon said;)
The demon said:
यस्मात्सर्वास्ववस्थासु धर्ममेवान्ववेक्षसे। तस्मात्प्राप्नुहि कैकेय गृहान्स्वस्ति व्रजाम्यहम् ॥१२-७८-२९॥
yasmātsarvāsvavasthāsu dharmamevānvavekṣase। tasmātprāpnuhi kaikeyi gṛhānsvasti vrajāmyaham ॥12-78-29॥
[यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because; सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all; अवस्थासु (avasthāsu) - conditions; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; एव (eva) - only; अन्ववेक्षसे (anvavekṣase) - you observe; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; प्राप्नुहि (prāpnuhu) - attain; कैकेय (kaikeyi) - Kaikeyi; गृहान् (gṛhān) - houses; स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being; व्रजामि (vrajāmi) - I go; अहम् (aham) - I;]
(Because you observe only dharma in all conditions, therefore, Kaikeyi, attain the houses; well-being, I go.)
Because you always adhere to dharma in every situation, therefore, Kaikeyi, may you attain your home; I depart, wishing you well.
येषां गोब्राह्मणा रक्ष्याः प्रजा रक्ष्याश्च केकय। न रक्षोभ्यो भयं तेषां कुत एव तु मानुषात् ॥१२-७८-३०॥
yeṣāṃ gobrāhmaṇā rakṣyāḥ prajā rakṣyāś ca kekaya| na rakṣobhyo bhayaṃ teṣāṃ kuta eva tu mānuṣāt ॥12-78-30॥
[येषां (yeṣām) - of whom; गोब्राह्मणा (gobrāhmaṇā) - cows and Brāhmaṇas; रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - to be protected; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - to be protected; च (ca) - and; केकय (kekaya) - O Kekaya; न (na) - not; रक्षोभ्यः (rakṣobhyaḥ) - from Rākṣasas; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; तेषां (teṣām) - for them; कुत (kuta) - whence; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; मानुषात् (mānuṣāt) - from men;]
(Of whom cows and Brāhmaṇas are to be protected, subjects are to be protected also, O Kekaya; for them there is no fear from Rākṣasas, whence indeed (would there be fear) from men?)
O Kekaya, for those who protect cows and Brāhmaṇas, and also protect their subjects, there is no fear from Rākṣasas; how then could there be any fear from men?
येषां पुरोगमा विप्रा येषां ब्रह्मबलं बलम्। प्रियातिथ्यास्तथा दारास्ते वै स्वर्गजितो नराः ॥१२-७८-३१॥
yeṣāṃ purogamā viprā yeṣāṃ brahmabalaṃ balam। priyātithyāstathā dārāste vai svargajito narāḥ ॥12-78-31॥
[येषां (yeṣām) - of whom; पुरोगमा (purogamāḥ) - leaders; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; येषां (yeṣām) - of whom; ब्रह्मबलम् (brahmabalam) - spiritual strength; बलम् (balam) - strength; प्रियातिथ्याः (priyātithyāḥ) - fond of guests; तथा (tathā) - and also; दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; स्वर्गजितः (svargajitaḥ) - conquerors of heaven; नराः (narāḥ) - men;]
(Of whom the leaders are Brāhmaṇas, of whom spiritual strength is strength, who are fond of guests, and whose wives are likewise—those men indeed are conquerors of heaven.)
Those whose leaders are Brāhmaṇas, whose strength is spiritual strength, who are fond of guests, and whose wives are likewise—such men are truly conquerors of heaven.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
तस्माद्द्विजातीन्रक्षेत ते हि रक्षन्ति रक्षिताः। आशीरेषां भवेद्राज्ञां राष्ट्रं सम्यक्प्रवर्धते ॥१२-७८-३२॥
tasmāddvijātīnrakṣeta te hi rakṣanti rakṣitāḥ। āśīreṣāṃ bhavedrājñāṃ rāṣṭraṃ samyakpravardhate ॥12-78-32॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - the twice-born; रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect; ते (te) - they; हि (hi) - indeed; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - when protected; आशीः (āśīḥ) - blessings; एषां (eṣāṃ) - of these; भवेत् (bhavet) - there is; राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; प्रवर्धते (pravardhate) - prospers;]
(Therefore, the twice-born should be protected; they indeed protect when protected. The blessings of these exist for kings; the kingdom properly prospers.)
Therefore, the twice-born should be protected, for when protected, they indeed protect. The blessings of these bring prosperity to the kingdom of kings.
तस्माद्राज्ञा विशेषेण विकर्मस्था द्विजातयः। नियम्याः संविभज्याश्च प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् ॥१२-७८-३३॥
tasmādrājñā viśeṣeṇa vikarmasthā dvijātayaḥ। niyamyāḥ saṃvibhajyāśca prajānugrahakāraṇāt ॥12-78-33॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; विकर्मस्था (vikarmasthā) - engaged in improper acts; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (castes); नियम्याः (niyamyāḥ) - should be restrained; संविभज्याः (saṃvibhajyāḥ) - should be distributed; च (ca) - and; प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् (prajānugrahakāraṇāt) - for the sake of favoring the subjects;]
(Therefore, by the king, especially, those twice-born engaged in improper acts should be restrained and distributed for the sake of favoring the subjects.)
Therefore, the king should especially restrain and allocate the twice-born who are engaged in improper acts, for the benefit of the people.
य एवं वर्तते राजा पौरजानपदेष्विह। अनुभूयेह भद्राणि प्राप्नोतीन्द्रसलोकताम् ॥१२-७८-३४॥
ya evaṃ vartate rājā paurajanapadeṣv iha। anubhūyēha bhadrāṇi prāpnōtīndrasalōkatām ॥12-78-34॥
[य (ya) - who; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; वर्तते (vartate) - acts; राजा (rājā) - king; पौरजानपदेषु (paurajanapadeṣu) - among citizens and countrymen; इह (iha) - here; अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; इह (iha) - here; भद्राणि (bhadrāṇi) - auspicious things; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; इन्द्रसलोकताम् (indrasalōkatām) - the state of Indra's world;]
(Who thus acts, the king, among citizens and countrymen here, having experienced auspicious things here, attains the state of Indra's world.)
A king who acts in this way among his citizens and countrymen here, after experiencing auspicious things in this world, attains the realm of Indra.
