12.122
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। अङ्गेषु राजा द्युतिमान्वसुहोम इति श्रुतः ॥१२-१२२-१॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। aṅgeṣu rājā dyutimān vasuhoma iti śrutaḥ ॥12-122-1॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; अङ्गेषु (aṅgeṣu) - among the Aṅgas; राजा (rājā) - king; द्युतिमान् (dyutimān) - resplendent; वसुहोम (vasuhoma) - Vasuhoma; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - is heard;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history. Among the Aṅgas, the resplendent king Vasuhoma is thus heard.)
Here too, they recount an ancient story: Among the Aṅgas, there was a renowned king named Vasuhoma.
स राजा धर्मनित्यः सन्सह पत्न्या महातपाः। मुञ्जपृष्ठं जगामाथ देवर्षिगणपूजितम् ॥१२-१२२-२॥
sa rājā dharmanityaḥ san saha patnyā mahātapāḥ। muñjapṛṣṭhaṃ jagāmātha devarṣigaṇapūjitam ॥12-122-2॥
[स (sa) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - always righteous; सन (san) - being; सह (saha) - with; पत्न्या (patnyā) - wife; महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic; मुञ्जपृष्ठं (muñjapṛṣṭham) - Muñja-backed (a place named Muñjapṛṣṭha); जगाम (jagāma) - went; अथ (atha) - then; देवर्षिगणपूजितम् (devarṣigaṇapūjitam) - honored by groups of divine sages;]
(He, the king, always righteous, being with his wife, a great ascetic, then went to Muñjapṛṣṭha, honored by groups of divine sages.)
The king, ever devoted to righteousness, together with his wife, who was a great ascetic, then went to Muñjapṛṣṭha, a place honored by assemblies of divine sages.
तत्र शृङ्गे हिमवतो मेरौ कनकपर्वते। यत्र मुञ्जवटे रामो जटाहरणमादिशत् ॥१२-१२२-३॥
tatra śṛṅge himavato merau kanakaparvate। yatra muñjavaṭe rāmo jaṭāharaṇamādiśat ॥12-122-3॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; शृङ्गे (śṛṅge) - on the peak; हिमवतो (himavataḥ) - of Himavat (the Himalaya); मेरौ (merau) - on Meru; कनकपर्वते (kanakaparvate) - on the golden mountain; यत्र (yatra) - where; मुञ्जवटे (muñjavaṭe) - at the muñja altar; रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma; जटाहरणम् (jaṭāharaṇam) - the removal of matted hair; आदिशत् (ādiśat) - commanded;]
(There, on the peak of Himavat, on Meru, on the golden mountain, where at the muñja altar Rāma commanded the removal of matted hair.)
There, on the peak of Himavat, on Meru, on the golden mountain, at the muñja altar, Rāma commanded the removal of his matted hair.
तदाप्रभृति राजेन्द्र ऋषिभिः संशितव्रतैः। मुञ्जपृष्ठ इति प्रोक्तः स देशो रुद्रसेवितः ॥१२-१२२-४॥
tadāprabhṛti rājendra ṛṣibhiḥ saṃśitavrataiḥ। muñjapṛṣṭha iti proktaḥ sa deśo rudrasevitaḥ ॥12-122-4॥
[तदा (tadā) - then; प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - from that time; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by sages; संशितव्रतैः (saṃśitavrataiḥ) - with austere vows; मुञ्जपृष्ठ (muñjapṛṣṭha) - Muñjapṛṣṭha (name); इति (iti) - thus; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - called; सः (saḥ) - that; देशः (deśaḥ) - region; रुद्रसेवितः (rudrasevitaḥ) - worshipped by Rudra;]
(Then from that time, O king, by sages with austere vows, that region was called Muñjapṛṣṭha, worshipped by Rudra.)
From then on, O King, that region, worshipped by Rudra, was called Muñjapṛṣṭha by sages of austere vows.
स तत्र बहुभिर्युक्तः सदा श्रुतिमयैर्गुणैः। ब्राह्मणानामनुमतो देवर्षिसदृशोऽभवत् ॥१२-१२२-५॥
sa tatra bahubhir yuktaḥ sadā śrutimayair guṇaiḥ। brāhmaṇānām anumato devarṣisadṛśo'bhavat ॥12-122-5॥
[स (sa) - he; तत्र (tatra) - there; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed; सदा (sadā) - always; श्रुतिमयैः (śrutimayaiḥ) - consisting of śruti; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - with qualities; ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; अनुमतः (anumataḥ) - approved; देवर्षिसदृशः (devarṣisadṛśaḥ) - like a divine sage; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]
(He there, endowed with many, always with qualities consisting of śruti, approved by the Brāhmaṇas, became like a divine sage.)
There, he, always endowed with many qualities consisting of śruti, approved by the Brāhmaṇas, became like a divine sage.
तं कदाचिददीनात्मा सखा शक्रस्य मानितः। अभ्यागच्छन्महीपालो मान्धाता शत्रुकर्शनः ॥१२-१२२-६॥
taṃ kadācid adīnātmā sakhā śakrasya mānitaḥ। abhyāgacchan mahīpālo māndhātā śatrukarśanaḥ॥12-122-6॥
[तं (taṃ) - him; कदाचित् (kadācit) - at some time; अदीनात्मा (adīnātmā) - not-dejected-in-spirit; सखा (sakhā) - friend; शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra; मानितः (mānitaḥ) - honored; अभ्यागच्छन् (abhyāgacchan) - approached; महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king; मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Māndhātā; शत्रुकर्शनः (śatrukarśanaḥ) - destroyer-of-enemies;]
(Him, at some time, the not-dejected-in-spirit, friend of Śakra, honored, the king Māndhātā, destroyer of enemies, approached.)
Once, the king Māndhātā, honored as the friend of Śakra and steadfast in spirit, destroyer of enemies, came to him.
सोऽभिसृत्य तु मान्धाता वसुहोमं नराधिपम्। दृष्ट्वा प्रकृष्टं तपसा विनयेनाभ्यतिष्ठत ॥१२-१२२-७॥
so'bhisṛtya tu māndhātā vasuhomaṃ narādhipam। dṛṣṭvā prakṛṣṭaṃ tapasā vinayenābhyatiṣṭhata ॥12-122-7॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached; तु (tu) - but; मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Māndhātā; वसुहोमम् (vasuhomam) - Vasuhoma; नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - king; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; प्रकृष्टम् (prakṛṣṭam) - excellent; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; विनयेन (vinayena) - with humility; अभ्यतिष्ठत् (abhyatiṣṭhat) - stood near;]
(He, having approached, but Māndhātā saw Vasuhoma, the king, excellent by austerity, stood near with humility.)
But Māndhātā, having approached Vasuhoma, the king, saw him excelling in austerity and stood near him with humility.
वसुहोमोऽपि राज्ञो वै गामर्घ्यं च न्यवेदयत्। अष्टाङ्गस्य च राज्यस्य पप्रच्छ कुशलं तदा ॥१२-१२२-८॥
vasuhomo'pi rājño vai gāmarghyaṃ ca nyavedayat| aṣṭāṅgasya ca rājyasya papraccha kuśalaṃ tadā ॥12-122-8॥
[वसुहोमः (vasuhomaḥ) - Vasuhoma; (proper name); अपि (api) - also; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; वै (vai) - indeed; गाम् (gām) - cow; अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - arghya (ritual offering); च (ca) - and; न्यवेदयत् (nyavedayat) - offered; अष्टाङ्गस्य (aṣṭāṅgasya) - of the eight-limbed; च (ca) - and; राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom; पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked; कुशलम् (kuśalam) - welfare; तदा (tadā) - then;]
(Vasuhoma also indeed offered a cow and arghya to the king; and then asked about the welfare of the eight-limbed and of the kingdom.)
Vasuhoma also offered a cow and arghya to the king, and then inquired about the welfare of the eight-limbed and the kingdom.
सद्भिराचरितं पूर्वं यथावदनुयायिनम्। अपृच्छद्वसुहोमस्तं राजन्किं करवाणि ते ॥१२-१२२-९॥
sadbhir ācaritaṃ pūrvaṃ yathāvad anuyāyinam। apṛcchad vasuhomas taṃ rājan kiṃ karavāṇi te ॥12-122-9॥
[सद्भिः (sadbhih) - by the virtuous ones; आचरितम् (ācaritam) - practiced; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; अनुयायिनम् (anuyāyinam) - following; अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked; वसुहोमः (vasuhomaḥ) - Vasuhoma; तम् (tam) - him; राजन् (rājan) - O king; किम् (kim) - what; करवाणि (karavāṇi) - shall I do; ते (te) - for you;]
(Vasuhoma asked him, who properly followed what was formerly practiced by the virtuous ones: O king, what shall I do for you?)
Vasuhoma, seeing that he was properly following the ways established by the virtuous in the past, asked him: "O king, what can I do for you?"
सोऽब्रवीत्परमप्रीतो मान्धाता राजसत्तमम्। वसुहोमं महाप्राज्ञमासीनं कुरुनन्दन ॥१२-१२२-१०॥
so'bravīt paramaprīto māndhātā rājasattamam। vasuhomaṃ mahāprājñam āsīnaṃ kurunandana ॥12-122-10॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke; परमप्रीतः (paramaprītaḥ) - extremely pleased; मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Māndhātā; राजसत्तमम् (rājasattamam) - the best among kings; वसुहोमम् (vasuhomaṃ) - Vasuhoma; महाप्राज्ञम् (mahāprājñam) - the greatly wise; आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus;]
(He, extremely pleased, Māndhātā, the best among kings, spoke to Vasuhoma, the greatly wise, who was seated, O delight of the Kurus.)
O Kurunandana, Māndhātā, the best of kings, being extremely pleased, spoke to the greatly wise Vasuhoma, who was seated.
बृहस्पतेर्मतं राजन्नधीतं सकलं त्वया। तथैवौशनसं शास्त्रं विज्ञातं ते नराधिप ॥१२-१२२-११॥
bṛhaspater mataṃ rājann adhītaṃ sakalaṃ tvayā। tathaivauśanasaṃ śāstraṃ vijñātaṃ te narādhipa ॥12-122-11॥
[बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati; मतं (mataṃ) - opinion; राजन् (rājan) - O king; अधीतं (adhītaṃ) - studied; सकलं (sakalaṃ) - all; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; औशनसं (auśanasaṃ) - of Uśanas (Śukra); शास्त्रं (śāstraṃ) - treatise; विज्ञातं (vijñātaṃ) - understood; ते (te) - by you; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men;]
(The opinion of Bṛhaspati, O king, has been studied in its entirety by you. Likewise, the treatise of Uśanas has been understood by you, O ruler of men.)
O king, you have studied all of Bṛhaspati's teachings, and likewise, you have understood the treatise of Uśanas, O ruler of men.
तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि दण्ड उत्पद्यते कथम्। किं वापि पूर्वं जागर्ति किं वा परममुच्यते ॥१२-१२२-१२॥
tad ahaṃ śrotum icchāmi daṇḍa utpadyate katham। kiṃ vā api pūrvaṃ jāgarti kiṃ vā param ucyate ॥12-122-12॥
[तत् (tat) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - arises; कथम् (katham) - how; किम् (kim) - what; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens; किम् (kim) - what; वा (vā) - or; परम् (param) - after; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
(That I wish to hear: how does punishment arise? What also awakens first, or what is said to be after?)
I wish to hear this: How does punishment arise? What awakens first, or what is said to come after?
कथं क्षत्रियसंस्थश्च दण्डः सम्प्रत्यवस्थितः। ब्रूहि मे सुमहाप्राज्ञ ददाम्याचार्यवेतनम् ॥१२-१२२-१३॥
kathaṁ kṣatriyasaṁsthaś ca daṇḍaḥ sampratyavasthitaḥ। brūhi me sumahāprājña dadāmyācāryavetanam ॥12-122-13॥
[कथं (kathaṁ) - how; क्षत्रियसंस्थः (kṣatriyasaṁsthaḥ) - established among kṣatriyas; च (ca) - and; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; सम्प्रत्यवस्थितः (sampratyavasthitaḥ) - now established; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; मे (me) - to me; सुमहाप्राज्ञ (sumahāprājña) - O greatly wise one; ददामि (dadāmi) - I give; आचार्यवेतनम् (ācāryavetanam) - teacher's fee;]
(How is the punishment established among kṣatriyas now? Tell me, O greatly wise one, I give the teacher's fee.)
How is punishment now established among the kṣatriyas? Tell me, O greatly wise one, and I will give the teacher's fee.
वसुहोम उवाच॥
vasuhoma uvāca॥
[वसुहोम (vasuhoma) - Vasuhoma; (proper name; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vasuhoma said;)
Vasuhoma said.
शृणु राजन्यथा दण्डः सम्भूतो लोकसङ्ग्रहः। प्रजाविनयरक्षार्थं धर्मस्यात्मा सनातनः ॥१२-१२२-१४॥
śṛṇu rājanyathā daṇḍaḥ sambhūto lokasaṅgrahaḥ। prajāvinayarakṣārthaṃ dharmasyātmā sanātanaḥ ॥12-122-14॥
[शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; राजन् (rājan) - O king; यथा (yathā) - as; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; सम्भूतः (sambhūtaḥ) - arisen; लोकसङ्ग्रहः (lokasaṅgrahaḥ) - maintenance of the world; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; विनय (vinaya) - discipline; रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection; अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; आत्मा (ātmā) - essence; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(Hear, O king, as punishment has arisen for the maintenance of the world; for the sake of the protection of discipline among the subjects, the essence of dharma is eternal.)
Listen, O king, how punishment has come into being for the order of the world; for the protection of discipline among the people, the essence of dharma is eternal.
ब्रह्मा यियक्षुर्भगवान्सर्वलोकपितामहः। ऋत्विजं नात्मना तुल्यं ददर्शेति हि नः श्रुतम् ॥१२-१२२-१५॥
brahmā yiyakṣur bhagavān sarvalokapitāmahaḥ। ṛtvijaṃ nātmanā tulyaṃ dadarśeti hi naḥ śrutam ॥12-122-15॥
[ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā; (the creator) यियक्षुः (yiyakṣuḥ) - desiring to test; (from √yakṣ, to test, wish) भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; (the Lord) सर्वलोकपितामहः (sarvalokapitāmahaḥ) - grandfather of all worlds; (epithet of Brahmā) ऋत्विजम् (ṛtvijam) - the priest; (performer of sacrifice) न (na) - not; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by himself; तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal; ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw; इति (iti) - thus; हि (hi) - indeed; नः (naḥ) - to us; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - has been heard;]
(Brahmā, desiring to test, the venerable, grandfather of all worlds, the priest, not by himself equal, he saw, thus, indeed, to us, has been heard.)
It has indeed been heard by us that Brahmā, the venerable grandfather of all worlds, desiring to test, saw that the priest was not equal to himself.
स गर्भं शिरसा देवो वर्षपूगानधारयत्। पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु स गर्भः क्षुवतोऽपतत् ॥१२-१२२-१६॥
sa garbhaṃ śirasā devo varṣapūgān adhārayat। pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu sa garbhaḥ kṣuvato'patat ॥12-122-16॥
[स (sa) - he; गर्भं (garbhaṃ) - embryo; शिरसा (śirasā) - with (his) head; देवः (devaḥ) - the god; वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - groups of years; अधारयत् (adhārayat) - supported; पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when completed; वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - a thousand years; तु (tu) - but; स (sa) - that; गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - embryo; क्षुवतः (kṣuvataḥ) - when sneezing; अपतत् (apatat) - fell; ॥१२-१२२-१६॥ (॥12-122-16॥) -;]
(He, the god, supported the embryo with (his) head for groups of years. But when a thousand years were completed, that embryo fell when (he) sneezed.)
The god bore the embryo on his head for many years. When a thousand years had passed, the embryo fell out as he sneezed.
स क्षुपो नाम सम्भूतः प्रजापतिररिंदम। ऋत्विगासीत्तदा राजन्यज्ञे तस्य महात्मनः ॥१२-१२२-१७॥
sa kṣupo nāma sambhūtaḥ prajāpati-rariṃdama। ṛtvig āsīt tadā rājanya-jñe tasya mahātmanaḥ ॥12-122-17॥
[स (sa) - he; क्षुपः (kṣupaḥ) - Kṣupa (name); नाम (nāma) - by name; सम्भूतः (sambhūtaḥ) - born; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (progenitor); अरिंदम (ariṃdama) - O subduer of enemies; ऋत्विक् (ṛtvig) - priest; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; तदा (tadā) - then; राजन्यज्ञे (rājanya-jñe) - in the sacrifice of the Kṣatriya; तस्य (tasya) - of him; महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one;]
(He, Kṣupa by name, was born, Prajāpati, O subduer of enemies. The priest was then in the sacrifice of the Kṣatriya, of him, of the great-souled one.)
O subduer of enemies, he who was born as Prajāpati was named Kṣupa. At that time, the priest was present in the sacrifice of that great-souled Kṣatriya.
तस्मिन्प्रवृत्ते सत्रे तु ब्रह्मणः पार्थिवर्षभ। हृष्टरूपप्रचारत्वाद्दण्डः सोऽन्तर्हितोऽभवत् ॥१२-१२२-१८॥
tasmin pravṛtte satre tu brahmaṇaḥ pārthivarṣabha | hṛṣṭarūpapracāratvād daṇḍaḥ so'ntarhito'bhavat ||12-122-18||
[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - commenced; सत्रे (satre) - sacrifice; तु (tu) - but; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; पार्थिवर्षभ (pārthivarṣabha) - O bull among kings; हृष्टरूपप्रचारत्वात् (hṛṣṭarūpapracāratvāt) - due to the manifestation of a delighted form; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the staff; सः (saḥ) - he; अन्तर्हितः (antarhitaḥ) - disappeared; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]
(In that commenced sacrifice, but, O bull among kings, due to the manifestation of a delighted form, the staff, he, disappeared, became.)
O bull among kings, when that sacrifice of Brahman commenced, due to the manifestation of a delighted form, the staff disappeared.
तस्मिन्नन्तर्हिते चाथ प्रजानां सङ्करोऽभवत्। नैव कार्यं न चाकार्यं भोज्याभोज्यं न विद्यते ॥१२-१२२-१९॥
tasminn antarhite ca atha prajānāṃ saṅkaro 'bhavat। naiva kāryaṃ na ca akāryaṃ bhojyābhojyaṃ na vidyate ॥12-122-19॥
[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him; अन्तर्हिते (antarhite) - having disappeared; च (ca) - and; अथ (atha) - then; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of beings; सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - confusion (of classes); अभवत् (abhavat) - arose; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; कार्यं (kāryam) - duty; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अकार्यं (akāryam) - non-duty; भोज्य (bhojya) - edible; अभोज्यं (abhojyam) - non-edible; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists;]
(In him having disappeared, and then, confusion of beings arose. Neither duty nor non-duty, nor edible nor non-edible exists.)
When he disappeared, then confusion arose among beings. There was no distinction of duty or non-duty, nor of what was edible or inedible.
पेयापेयं कुतः सिद्धिर्हिंसन्ति च परस्परम्। गम्यागम्यं तदा नासीत्परस्वं स्वं च वै समम् ॥१२-१२२-२०॥
peyāpeyaṃ kutaḥ siddhir hiṃsanti ca parasparam। gamyāgamyaṃ tadā nāsīt parasvaṃ svaṃ ca vai samam॥12-122-20॥
[पेय (peya) - to be drunk; अपेयम् (apeyam) - not to be drunk; कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; हिंसन्ति (hiṃsanti) - they injure; च (ca) - and; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other; गम्य (gamya) - to be gone to; अगम्यम् (agamyam) - not to be gone to; तदा (tadā) - then; न (na) - not; आसीत् (āsīt) - there was; परस्वम् (parasvam) - others' property; स्वम् (svam) - one's own property; च (ca) - and; वै (vai) - indeed; समम् (samam) - equal;]
(To be drunk, not to be drunk, from where success? They injure and each other. To be gone to, not to be gone to, then there was not others' property, one's own property and indeed equal.)
There was no distinction between what could be drunk or not, nor between what could be approached or not; there was no concept of others' property or one's own, and all was indeed equal. People did not harm each other.
परस्परं विलुम्पन्ते सारमेया इवामिषम्। अबलं बलिनो जघ्नुर्निर्मर्यादमवर्तत ॥१२-१२२-२१॥
parasparaṃ vilumpante sārameyā ivāmiṣam। abalaṃ balino jaghnur nirmaryādam avartata ॥12-122-21॥
[परस्परम् (parasparam) - one another; विलुम्पन्ते (vilumpante) - they plunder; सारमेयाः (sārameyāḥ) - dogs; इव (iva) - like; अमिषम् (amiṣam) - flesh; अबलम् (abalam) - the weak; बलिनः (balinaḥ) - the strong; जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - killed; निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without restraint; अवर्तत (avartata) - they behaved;]
(One another they plundered, like dogs (plundering) flesh. The strong killed the weak; without restraint they behaved.)
They plundered one another like dogs fighting over flesh. The strong killed the weak and behaved without any restraint.
ततः पितामहो विष्णुं भगवन्तं सनातनम्। सम्पूज्य वरदं देवं महादेवमथाब्रवीत् ॥१२-१२२-२२॥
tataḥ pitāmaho viṣṇuṃ bhagavantaṃ sanātanam। sampūjya varadaṃ devaṃ mahādevam athābravīt ॥12-122-22॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandsire; विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu; भगवन्तम् (bhagavantam) - the divine one; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal; सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having worshipped; वरदम् (varadam) - bestower of boons; देवम् (devam) - the god; महादेवम् (mahādevam) - Mahādeva; अथ (atha) - then; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said;]
(Then the grandsire, having worshipped Viṣṇu, the divine, eternal, bestower of boons, the god Mahādeva, then said.)
Then the grandsire, after worshipping Viṣṇu, the eternal divine bestower of boons, addressed Mahādeva.
अत्र साध्वनुकम्पां वै कर्तुमर्हसि केवलम्। सङ्करो न भवेदत्र यथा वै तद्विधीयताम् ॥१२-१२२-२३॥
atra sādhvanukampāṃ vai kartumarhasi kevalam। saṅkaro na bhavedatra yathā vai tadvidhīyatām ॥12-122-23॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; साधु (sādhu) - good; अनुकम्पाम् (anukampām) - compassion; वै (vai) - indeed; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought; केवलम् (kevalam) - only; सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - confusion; न (na) - not; भवेत् (bhavet) - should arise; अत्र (atra) - here; यथा (yathā) - as; वै (vai) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be arranged;]
(Here, good compassion indeed you ought to do only. Confusion should not arise here as indeed that let it be arranged.)
Here, you should show only true compassion. Let it be arranged in such a way that confusion does not arise here.
ततः स भगवान्ध्यात्वा चिरं शूलजटाधरः। आत्मानमात्मना दण्डमसृजद्देवसत्तमः ॥१२-१२२-२४॥
tataḥ sa bhagavān dhyātvā ciraṃ śūlajaṭādharaḥ। ātmānam ātmanā daṇḍam asṛjad devasattamaḥ॥12-122-24॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; स (sa) - he; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one; ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated; चिरं (ciraṃ) - for a long time; शूलजटाधरः (śūlajaṭādharaḥ) - the one bearing the trident and matted locks; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by himself; दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the staff; असृजत् (asṛjat) - created; देवसत्तमः (devasattamaḥ) - the best among the gods;]
(Then he, the revered one, having meditated for a long time, the one bearing the trident and matted locks, himself by himself created the staff, the best among the gods.)
Then the revered Lord, Śiva, after long meditation, himself created the staff by his own power, he who is the best among the gods.
तस्माच्च धर्मचरणां नीतिं देवीं सरस्वतीम्। असृजद्दण्डनीतिः सा त्रिषु लोकेषु विश्रुता ॥१२-१२२-२५॥
tasmācca dharmacaraṇāṃ nītiṃ devīṃ sarasvatīm। asṛjaddaṇḍanītiḥ sā triṣu lokeṣu viśrutā ॥12-122-25॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; च (ca) - and; धर्मचरणाम् (dharmacaraṇām) - practising dharma; नीतिम् (nītim) - conduct; देवीम् (devīm) - goddess; सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - Sarasvatī; असृजत् (asṛjat) - created; दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of punishment; सा (sā) - she; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - worlds; विश्रुता (viśrutā) - renowned;]
(From that and practising dharma, conduct, goddess Sarasvatī, created the science of punishment; she is renowned in the three worlds.)
Therefore, the goddess Sarasvatī, who practises dharma and right conduct, created the science of punishment, which is renowned in the three worlds.
भूयः स भगवान्ध्यात्वा चिरं शूलवरायुधः। तस्य तस्य निकायस्य चकारैकैकमीशरम् ॥१२-१२२-२६॥
bhūyaḥ sa bhagavān dhyātvā ciraṃ śūla-varāyudhaḥ। tasya tasya nikāyasya cakāraikaikam īśaram ॥12-122-26॥
[भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; स (sa) - he; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable one; ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated; चिरं (ciraṃ) - for a long time; शूलवरायुधः (śūla-varāyudhaḥ) - having the excellent spear as weapon; तस्य तस्य (tasya tasya) - of each and every; निकायस्य (nikāyasya) - of the group; चकार (cakāra) - he made; एकैकम् (ekaikam) - each one; ईशरम् (īśaram) - a lord;]
(Again, he, the venerable one, having meditated for a long time, having the excellent spear as weapon, of each and every group, made each one a lord.)
Again, the venerable one, Śiva, after meditating for a long time, with his excellent spear as his weapon, made each group have its own lord.
देवानामीश्वरं चक्रे देवं दशशतेक्षणम्। यमं वैवस्वतं चापि पितॄणामकरोत्पतिम् ॥१२-१२२-२७॥
devānām īśvaraṃ cakre devaṃ daśaśatekṣaṇam। yamaṃ vaivasvataṃ cāpi pitṝṇām akarot patim ॥12-122-27॥
[देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - lord; चक्रे (cakre) - made; देवम् (devam) - god; दशशतेक्षणम् (daśaśatekṣaṇam) - with ten hundred eyes; यमम् (yamam) - Yama; वैवस्वतम् (vaivasvatam) - son of Vivasvat; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of the ancestors; अकरोत् (akarot) - made; पतिम् (patim) - lord;]
(He made the lord of the gods, the god with ten hundred eyes; and Yama, the son of Vivasvat, he also made the lord of the ancestors.)
He made Indra, the lord of the gods, who has a thousand eyes; and Yama, the son of Vivasvat, he made the lord of the ancestors.
धनानां रक्षसां चापि कुबेरमपि चेश्वरम्। पर्वतानां पतिं मेरुं सरितां च महोदधिम् ॥१२-१२२-२८॥
dhanānāṃ rakṣasāṃ cāpi kuberam api ceśvaram। parvatānāṃ patiṃ meruṃ saritāṃ ca mahodadhim ॥12-122-28॥
[धनानाम् (dhanānām) - of treasures; रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; कुबेरम् (kuberam) - Kubera; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - lord; पर्वतानाम् (parvatānām) - of mountains; पतिम् (patim) - lord; मेरुम् (merum) - Meru; सरिताम् (saritām) - of rivers; च (ca) - and; महोदधिम् (mahodadhim) - the great ocean;]
(Of treasures, of the Rākṣasas and also Kubera, also and lord; of mountains, the lord Meru; of rivers and the great ocean.)
Kubera is the lord of treasures and of the Rākṣasas; Meru is the lord of mountains; and the great ocean is the lord of rivers.
अपां राज्ये सुराणां च विदधे वरुणं प्रभुम्। मृत्युं प्राणेश्वरमथो तेजसां च हुताशनम् ॥१२-१२२-२९॥
apāṃ rājye surāṇāṃ ca vidadhe varuṇaṃ prabhum। mṛtyuṃ prāṇeśvaramatho tejasāṃ ca hutāśanam ॥12-122-29॥
[अपां (apāṃ) - of waters; राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom; सुराणां (surāṇām) - of the gods; च (ca) - and; विदधे (vidadhe) - appointed; वरुणं (varuṇam) - Varuṇa; प्रभुम् (prabhum) - the lord; मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - Death; प्राणेश्वरम् (prāṇeśvaram) - the lord of life-breath; अथ (atha) - then; तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of energies; च (ca) - and; हुताशनम् (hutāśanam) - Fire; ॥१२-१२२-२९॥ (॥12-122-29॥) -;]
(In the kingdom of waters, of the gods, and, appointed Varuṇa, the lord; Death, the lord of life-breath, then, of energies, and, Fire.)
He appointed Varuṇa as the lord in the kingdom of waters and among the gods; Death as the lord of life-breath; and Fire as the lord of energies.
रुद्राणामपि चेशानं गोप्तारं विदधे प्रभुः। महात्मानं महादेवं विशालाक्षं सनातनम् ॥१२-१२२-३०॥
rudrāṇām api ca īśānam goptāram vidadhe prabhuḥ। mahātmānam mahādevam viśālākṣam sanātanam ॥12-122-30॥
[रुद्राणाम् (rudrāṇām) - of the Rudras; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; ईशानम् (īśānam) - the lord; गोप्तारम् (goptāram) - protector; विदधे (vidadhe) - appointed; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the master; महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled; महादेवम् (mahādevam) - the great god; विशालाक्षम् (viśālākṣam) - wide-eyed; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal;]
(The master also appointed the lord of the Rudras, the protector, the great-souled, the great god, the wide-eyed, the eternal.)
The master appointed Mahadeva, the great-souled and eternal lord of the Rudras, as their protector—he who is wide-eyed and everlasting.
वसिष्ठमीशं विप्राणां वसूनां जातवेदसम्। तेजसां भास्करं चक्रे नक्षत्राणां निशाकरम् ॥१२-१२२-३१॥
vasiṣṭhamīśaṃ viprāṇāṃ vasūnāṃ jātavedasam। tejasāṃ bhāskaraṃ cakre nakṣatrāṇāṃ niśākaram ॥12-122-31॥
[वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha; (name of a sage); ईशम् (īśam) - lord; master; विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; वसूनाम् (vasūnām) - of the Vasus; (a class of deities); जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - Jātavedas; (Agni, fire-god); तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of the lustres; of the energies; भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun; illuminator; चक्रे (cakre) - made; created; नक्षत्राणाम् (nakṣatrāṇām) - of the stars; निशाकरम् (niśākaram) - the moon; maker of night;]
(Vasiṣṭha, lord of the Brāhmaṇas, of the Vasus, Jātavedas, of the lustres the sun he made, of the stars the moon.)
He made Vasiṣṭha the lord of the Brāhmaṇas, Jātavedas the lord of the Vasus, the sun the lord of the lustres, and the moon the lord of the stars.
वीरुधामंशुमन्तं च भूतानां च प्रभुं वरम्। कुमारं द्वादशभुजं स्कन्दं राजानमादिशत् ॥१२-१२२-३२॥
vīrudhām aṃśumantaṃ ca bhūtānāṃ ca prabhuṃ varam| kumāraṃ dvādaśabhujaṃ skandaṃ rājānam ādiśat ॥12-122-32॥
[वीरुधाम् (vīrudhām) - of plants; अंशुमन्तम् (aṃśumantam) - Aṃśumant (the radiant one, Sun); च (ca) - and; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; च (ca) - and; प्रभुम् (prabhum) - lord; वरम् (varam) - the best; कुमारम् (kumāram) - Kumāra (Kārtikeya, son of Śiva); द्वादशभुजम् (dvādaśabhujam) - twelve-armed; स्कन्दम् (skandam) - Skanda (another name for Kumāra); राजानम् (rājānam) - king; आदिशत् (ādiśat) - appointed;]
(Of plants, Aṃśumant, and of beings, the lord, the best; Kumāra, twelve-armed Skanda, as king, (he) appointed.)
He appointed Aṃśumant as the lord of plants, and Kumāra, the twelve-armed Skanda, as the best among the kings of beings.
कालं सर्वेशमकरोत्संहारविनयात्मकम्। मृत्योश्चतुर्विभागस्य दुःखस्य च सुखस्य च ॥१२-१२२-३३॥
kālaṃ sarveśam akarot saṃhāra-vinaya-ātmakam। mṛtyoś catur-vibhāgasya duḥkhasya ca sukhasya ca ॥12-122-33॥
[कालम् (kālam) - time; (accusative singular) सर्वेशम् (sarveśam) - the lord of all; (accusative singular) अकरोत् (akarot) - made; (3rd person singular past) संहारविनयात्मकम् (saṃhāra-vinayātmakam) - of the nature of destruction and restraint; (accusative singular) मृत्योष् (mṛtyoḥ) - of death; (genitive singular) चतुर्विभागस्य (caturvibhāgasya) - of fourfold division; (genitive singular) दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering; (genitive singular) च (ca) - and; सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness; (genitive singular) च (ca) - and;]
(He made time, the lord of all, of the nature of destruction and restraint; of death, of the fourfold division, of suffering and of happiness.)
He created time, the lord of all, characterized by destruction and restraint; and death, with its fourfold division, of suffering and happiness.
ईश्वरः सर्वदेहस्तु राजराजो धनाधिपः। सर्वेषामेव रुद्राणां शूलपाणिरिति श्रुतिः ॥१२-१२२-३४॥
īśvaraḥ sarvadehastu rājarājo dhanādhipaḥ। sarveṣāmeva rudrāṇāṃ śūlapāṇiriti śrutiḥ ॥12-122-34॥
[ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord; सर्वदेहः (sarvadehaḥ) - of all bodies; तु (tu) - but; राजराजः (rājarājaḥ) - king of kings; धनाधिपः (dhanādhipaḥ) - lord of wealth; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; एव (eva) - indeed; रुद्राणाम् (rudrāṇām) - of Rudras; शूलपाणिः (śūlapāṇiḥ) - trident-handed; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - scripture;]
(The lord, of all bodies, but, king of kings, lord of wealth. Of all indeed of Rudras, trident-handed, thus, scripture.)
The Lord, who pervades all bodies, is the king of kings and the lord of wealth. Among all the Rudras, he is known as the one who holds the trident, as stated in the scripture.
तमेकं ब्रह्मणः पुत्रमनुजातं क्षुपं ददौ। प्रजानामधिपं श्रेष्ठं सर्वधर्मभृतामपि ॥१२-१२२-३५॥
tam ekaṃ brahmaṇaḥ putram anujātaṃ kṣupaṃ dadau। prajānām adhipaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ sarvadharmabhṛtām api ॥12-122-35॥
[तम् (tam) - him; एकम् (ekam) - one; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā; पुत्रम् (putram) - son; अनुजातम् (anujātam) - born after; क्षुपम् (kṣupam) - Kṣupa; ददौ (dadau) - gave; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people; अधिपम् (adhipam) - lord; श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best; सर्वधर्मभृताम् (sarvadharmabhṛtām) - of all upholders of dharma; अपि (api) - also;]
(Him, the one son of Brahmā, born after, Kṣupa, he gave; the lord of the people, the best, even among all upholders of dharma.)
He gave him, Kṣupa, the only son of Brahmā, born after, as the lord of the people, the best even among all upholders of dharma.
महादेवस्ततस्तस्मिन्वृत्ते यज्ञे यथाविधि। दण्डं धर्मस्य गोप्तारं विष्णवे सत्कृतं ददौ ॥१२-१२२-३६॥
mahādevas tatas tasmin vṛtte yajñe yathāvidhi। daṇḍaṃ dharmasya goptāraṃ viṣṇave satkṛtaṃ dadau ॥12-122-36॥
[महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - great god; (Śiva; nominative singular); ततः (tataḥ) - then; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; (locative singular); वृत्ते (vṛtte) - having occurred; (past participle, locative singular); यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice; (locative singular); यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule; । (।) - ; दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the staff; (object, accusative singular); धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; (genitive singular); गोप्तारम् (goptāram) - protector; (accusative singular); विष्णवे (viṣṇave) - to Viṣṇu; (dative singular); सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored; (accusative singular); ददौ (dadau) - gave; (third person singular, perfect);]
(The great god then, when that sacrifice had occurred according to rule, gave the honored staff of dharma, the protector, to Viṣṇu.)
Then Mahadeva, after that sacrifice was performed according to rule, gave the honored staff of dharma, the protector, to Viṣṇu.
विष्णुरङ्गिरसे प्रादादङ्गिरा मुनिसत्तमः। प्रादादिन्द्रमरीचिभ्यां मरीचिर्भृगवे ददौ ॥१२-१२२-३७॥
viṣṇur-aṅgirase prādād-aṅgirā muni-sattamaḥ। prādād-indramarīcibhyāṃ marīcir-bhṛgave dadau ॥12-122-37॥
[विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; (the deity); अङ्गिरसे (aṅgirase) - to Aṅgiras; (the sage); प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave; (bestowed); अङ्गिरा (aṅgirā) - Aṅgirā; (the sage); मुनिसत्तमः (munisattamaḥ) - the best among sages; (muni-sattama); प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave; (bestowed); इन्द्रमरीचिभ्याम् (indramarīcibhyām) - to Indra and Marīci; (the two sages); मरीचिः (marīciḥ) - Marīci; (the sage); भृगवे (bhṛgave) - to Bhṛgu; (the sage); ददौ (dadau) - gave; (bestowed);]
(Viṣṇu gave (it) to Aṅgiras; Aṅgirā, the best among sages, gave (it) to Indra and Marīci; Marīci gave (it) to Bhṛgu.)
Viṣṇu gave (the knowledge) to Aṅgiras; Aṅgirā, the foremost sage, gave it to Indra and Marīci; Marīci gave it to Bhṛgu.
भृगुर्ददावृषिभ्यस्तु तं दण्डं धर्मसंहितम्। ऋषयो लोकपालेभ्यो लोकपालाः क्षुपाय च ॥१२-१२२-३८॥
bhṛgur dadā vṛṣibhyaḥ tu taṃ daṇḍaṃ dharmasaṃhitam। ṛṣayaḥ lokapālebhyaḥ lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca ॥12-122-38॥
[भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhṛgu; (name of a sage); ददौ (dadau) - gave; (from root 'dā', to give); वृषिभ्यः (vṛṣibhyaḥ) - to the sages; (from 'ṛṣi', sage, plural dative); तु (tu) - but; तं (taṃ) - that; दण्डं (daṇḍam) - staff; (symbol of authority or punishment); धर्मसंहितम् (dharmasaṃhitam) - associated with dharma; (joined with righteousness); ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages; (plural nominative); लोकपालेभ्यः (lokapālebhyaḥ) - to the guardians of the worlds; (plural dative); लोकपालाः (lokapālāḥ) - the guardians of the worlds; (plural nominative); क्षुपाय (kṣupāya) - to Kṣupa; (name of a sage); च (ca) - and;]
(Bhṛgu gave to the sages but that staff associated with dharma. The sages (gave) to the guardians of the worlds, the guardians of the worlds to Kṣupa and.)
Bhṛgu gave that staff of dharma to the sages; the sages gave it to the guardians of the worlds, and the guardians of the worlds gave it to Kṣupa.
क्षुपस्तु मनवे प्रादादादित्यतनयाय च। पुत्रेभ्यः श्राद्धदेवस्तु सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात् ॥ तं ददौ सूर्यपुत्रस्तु मनुर्वै रक्षणात्मकम् ॥१२-१२२-३९॥
kṣupas tu manave prādād ādityatanayāya ca। putrebhyaḥ śrāddhadevas tu sūkṣmadharmārthakāraṇāt॥ taṃ dadau sūryaputras tu manur vai rakṣaṇātmakam॥12-122-39॥
[क्षुपः (kṣupaḥ) - tree; तु (tu) - but; मनवे (manave) - to Manu; प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave; आदित्यतनयाय (ādityatanayāya) - to the son of Āditya; च (ca) - and; पुत्रेभ्यः (putrebhyaḥ) - to the sons; श्राद्धदेवः (śrāddhadevaḥ) - the deity of śrāddha; तु (tu) - but; सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात् (sūkṣmadharmārthakāraṇāt) - for the subtle reason of dharma and artha; तं (taṃ) - him; ददौ (dadau) - gave; सूर्यपुत्रः (sūryaputraḥ) - the son of Sūrya; तु (tu) - but; मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu; वै (vai) - indeed; रक्षणात्मकम् (rakṣaṇātmakam) - of the nature of protection;]
(But the tree gave (it) to Manu and to the son of Āditya; but the deity of śrāddha (gave it) to the sons for the subtle reason of dharma and artha. Him, the son of Sūrya, Manu indeed gave as of the nature of protection.)
But the tree gave it to Manu and to the son of Āditya; the deity of śrāddha gave it to the sons for the subtle reason of dharma and artha. Manu, the son of Sūrya, indeed gave him as a protector.
विभज्य दण्डः कर्तव्यो धर्मेण न यदृच्छया। दुर्वाचा निग्रहो बन्धो हिरण्यं बाह्यतःक्रिया ॥१२-१२२-४०॥
vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyo dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā। durvācā nigraho bandho hiraṇyaṃ bāhyataḥkriyā ॥12-122-40॥
[विभज्य (vibhajya) - having divided; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; कर्तव्यो (kartavyaḥ) - should be done; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; न (na) - not; यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by arbitrariness; दुर्वाचा (durvācā) - of one who speaks badly; निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint; बन्धः (bandhaḥ) - bond; हिरण्यं (hiraṇyam) - gold; बाह्यतःक्रिया (bāhyataḥkriyā) - external act;]
(Having divided, punishment should be done by righteousness, not by arbitrariness. Restraint of one who speaks badly is a bond; gold is an external act.)
Punishment should be administered after due consideration and in accordance with righteousness, not arbitrarily. The restraint of those who speak ill is a form of bondage; the pursuit of gold is merely an external act.
व्यङ्गत्वं च शरीरस्य वधो वा नाल्पकारणात्। शरीरपीडास्तास्तास्तु देहत्यागो विवासनम् ॥१२-१२२-४१॥
vyaṅgatvaṃ ca śarīrasya vadho vā nālpakāraṇāt। śarīrapīḍāstāstāstu dehatyāgo vivāsanam ॥12-122-41॥
[व्यङ्गत्वं (vyaṅgatvam) - mutilation; च (ca) - and; शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body; वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; वा (vā) - or; न (na) - not; अल्पकारणात् (alpakāraṇāt) - for a slight reason; शरीरपीडाः (śarīrapīḍāḥ) - afflictions of the body; ताः (tāḥ) - those; ताः (tāḥ) - those; तु (tu) - but; देहत्यागः (dehatyāgaḥ) - abandonment of the body; विवासनम् (vivāsanam) - banishment;]
(Mutilation and killing of the body, or (these) not for a slight reason; those bodily afflictions, those, but abandonment of the body, banishment.)
Mutilation or killing of the body, or such bodily afflictions, should not be inflicted for a slight reason; but abandonment of the body and banishment are (the punishments).
आनुपूर्व्या च दण्डोऽसौ प्रजा जागर्ति पालयन्। इन्द्रो जागर्ति भगवानिन्द्रादग्निर्विभावसुः ॥१२-१२२-४२॥
ānupūrvyā ca daṇḍo'sau prajā jāgarti pālayan। indro jāgarti bhagavān indrādagnir vibhāvasuḥ ॥12-122-42॥
[आनुपूर्व्या (ānupūrvyā) - in succession; by order; च (ca) - and; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod; authority; असौ (asau) - this; he; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; people; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - watches; stays awake; पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - watches; stays awake; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed; revered; इन्द्रात् (indrāt) - from Indra; अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni; fire; विभावसुः (vibhāvasuḥ) - Vibhāvasu; fire;]
(In succession and the rod (authority), this (he) watches over the people, protecting. Indra watches, the blessed; from Indra, Agni (Vibhāvasu, fire).)
In succession, the authority watches over the people, protecting them. Indra, the blessed, stays awake; from Indra, Agni (Vibhāvasu, fire) stays awake.
अग्नेर्जागर्ति वरुणो वरुणाच्च प्रजापतिः। प्रजापतेस्ततो धर्मो जागर्ति विनयात्मकः ॥१२-१२२-४३॥
agner jāgarti varuṇo varuṇāc ca prajāpatiḥ। prajāpates tato dharmo jāgarti vinayātmakaḥ ॥12-122-43॥
[अग्नेः (agneḥ) - of Agni; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens; वरुणः (varuṇaḥ) - Varuṇa; वरुणात् (varuṇāt) - from Varuṇa; च (ca) - and; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Dharma; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens; विनयात्मकः (vinayātmakaḥ) - of the nature of humility;]
(Of Agni awakens Varuṇa; from Varuṇa and Prajāpati; from Prajāpati then Dharma awakens, of the nature of humility.)
Varuṇa awakens from Agni; from Varuṇa, Prajāpati arises; from Prajāpati, then Dharma, which is of the nature of humility, awakens.
धर्माच्च ब्रह्मणः पुत्रो व्यवसायः सनातनः। व्यवसायात्ततस्तेजो जागर्ति परिपालयन् ॥१२-१२२-४४॥
dharmāc ca brahmaṇaḥ putro vyavāsāyaḥ sanātanaḥ। vyavāsāyāt tataḥ tejo jāgarti paripālayan ॥12-122-44॥
[धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from dharma; च (ca) - and; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; व्यवसायः (vyavāsāyaḥ) - effort; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; व्यवसायात् (vyavāsāyāt) - from effort; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तेजः (tejaḥ) - energy; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - arises; परिपालयन् (paripālayan) - protecting;]
(From dharma and from Brahman, the son is effort, eternal; from effort then energy arises, protecting.)
Effort, the eternal offspring of dharma and Brahman, gives rise to energy, which then awakens and protects.
ओषध्यस्तेजसस्तस्मादोषधिभ्यश्च पर्वताः। पर्वतेभ्यश्च जागर्ति रसो रसगुणात्तथा ॥१२-१२२-४५॥
oṣadhyas tejasas tasmād oṣadhibhyaś ca parvatāḥ। parvatebhyaś ca jāgarti raso rasa-guṇāt tathā ॥12-122-45॥
[ओषध्यः (oṣadhyaḥ) - herbs; तेजसः (tejasas) - of energy; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; ओषधिभ्यः (oṣadhibhyaḥ) - from the herbs; च (ca) - and; पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains; पर्वतेभ्यः (parvatebhyaḥ) - from the mountains; च (ca) - and; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - arises; रसः (rasaḥ) - sap; रसगुणात् (rasa-guṇāt) - from the quality of sap; तथा (tathā) - thus;]
(Herbs (arise) from energy; from those herbs, mountains (arise); from the mountains, sap arises; thus, from the quality of sap.)
Herbs originate from energy; from those herbs, mountains are formed; from the mountains, sap arises; thus, it is from the quality of sap.
जागर्ति निरृतिर्देवी ज्योतींषि निरृतेरपि। वेदाः प्रतिष्ठा ज्योतिर्भ्यस्ततो हयशिराः प्रभुः ॥१२-१२२-४६॥
jāgarti nirṛtirdevī jyotīṃṣi nirṛterapi। vedāḥ pratiṣṭhā jyotirbhyaḥtato hayaśirāḥ prabhuḥ ॥12-122-46॥
[जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens; (from root √jṛ, to be awake) निरृतिः (nirṛtiḥ) - Nirṛti; (goddess of destruction) देवी (devī) - goddess; ज्योतींषि (jyotīṃṣi) - lights; (plural of jyotis, light) निरृतेः (nirṛteḥ) - of Nirṛti; अपि (api) - also; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation; ज्योतिर्भ्यः (jyotirbhyaḥ) - than the lights; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; हयशिराः (hayaśirāḥ) - Hayashiras; (horse-headed deity) प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord;]
(Awakens Nirṛti goddess, the lights of Nirṛti also; the Vedas (are) the foundation than the lights; from that, Hayashiras (is) the lord.)
The goddess Nirṛti awakens, and even the lights belong to Nirṛti; the Vedas are established as the foundation above the lights; from that, Hayashiras is the lord.
ब्रह्मा पितामहस्तस्माज्जागर्ति प्रभुरव्ययः। पितामहान्महादेवो जागर्ति भगवाञ्शिवः ॥१२-१२२-४७॥
brahmā pitāmahastasmājjāgarti prabhuravyayaḥ। pitāmahānmahādevo jāgarti bhagavāñśivaḥ ॥12-122-47॥
[ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā; (the creator) पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather; (paternal ancestor, here: Brahmā) तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - keeps awake; (remains vigilant) प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord; अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - imperishable; पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - the grandfathers; (ancestors, here: Brahmā and others) महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - Mahādeva; (the great god, Śiva) जागर्ति (jāgarti) - keeps awake; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed one; शिवः (śivaḥ) - Śiva;]
(Brahmā, the grandfather, from him keeps awake the imperishable lord; from the grandfathers, Mahādeva, the blessed one Śiva, keeps awake.)
Brahmā, the grandfather, is ever-vigilant; from him, the imperishable Lord remains awake. From the grandfathers, Mahādeva, the blessed Śiva, remains ever-vigilant.
विश्वेदेवाः शिवाच्चापि विश्वेभ्यश्च तथर्षयः। ऋषिभ्यो भगवान्सोमः सोमाद्देवाः सनातनाः ॥१२-१२२-४८॥
viśvedevāḥ śivāccāpi viśvebhyaś ca tatha ṛṣayaḥ | ṛṣibhyo bhagavān somaḥ somād devāḥ sanātanāḥ ||12-122-48||
[विश्वे (viśve) - all; (collective) देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; शिवात् (śivāt) - from Śiva; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; विश्वेभ्यः (viśvebhyaḥ) - from all (the) gods; च (ca) - and; तथ (tatha) - so; thus; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; ऋषिभ्यः (ṛṣibhyaḥ) - from the sages; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed one; सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma (the deity); सोमात् (somāt) - from Soma; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal;]
(All gods, and also from Śiva, and from all the gods, so (from them) the sages; from the sages, the blessed Soma; from Soma, the eternal gods.)
All the gods, as well as from Śiva, and from all the gods, thus the sages; from the sages, the blessed Soma; from Soma, the eternal gods.
देवेभ्यो ब्राह्मणा लोके जाग्रतीत्युपधारय। ब्राह्मणेभ्यश्च राजन्या लोकान्रक्षन्ति धर्मतः ॥ स्थावरं जङ्गमं चैव क्षत्रियेभ्यः सनातनम् ॥१२-१२२-४९॥
devebhyo brāhmaṇā loke jāgratītyupadhāraya। brāhmaṇebhyaśca rājanyā lokānrakṣanti dharmataḥ ॥ sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ caiva kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam ॥12-122-49॥
[देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - from the gods; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; लोके (loke) - in the world; जाग्रती (jāgratī) - remain awake; इति (iti) - thus; उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand; ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - from the Brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; राजन्याः (rājanyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - by righteousness; स्थावरम् (sthāvaram) - the immovable; जङ्गमम् (jaṅgamam) - the movable; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; क्षत्रियेभ्यः (kṣatriyebhyaḥ) - from the Kṣatriyas; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal;]
(Understand thus: Brāhmaṇas in the world remain awake from the gods. And from the Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas protect the worlds by righteousness. The immovable and the movable indeed are eternal from the Kṣatriyas.)
Understand thus: In the world, Brāhmaṇas remain vigilant due to the gods. And from the Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas protect the worlds by righteousness. Both the immovable and the movable are eternally dependent on the Kṣatriyas.
प्रजा जाग्रति लोकेऽस्मिन्दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च। सर्वसङ्क्षेपको दण्डः पितामहसमः प्रभुः ॥१२-१२२-५०॥
prajā jāgrati loke'smin daṇḍo jāgarti tāsu ca। sarvasaṅkṣepako daṇḍaḥ pitāmahasamaḥ prabhuḥ॥12-122-50॥
[प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; जाग्रति (jāgrati) - are awake; लोकेऽस्मिन् (loke'smin) - in this world; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - is awake; तासु (tāsu) - among them; च (ca) - and; सर्वसङ्क्षेपकः (sarvasaṅkṣepakaḥ) - all-compressing; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; पितामहसमः (pitāmahasamaḥ) - equal to the grandsire; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord;]
(Subjects are awake in this world; punishment is awake among them and. All-compressing punishment, equal to the grandsire, is the lord.)
In this world, the subjects are vigilant; among them, punishment remains vigilant as well. Punishment, which encompasses all, is a lord equal to the grandsire.
जागर्ति कालः पूर्वं च मध्ये चान्ते च भारत। ईश्वरः सर्वलोकस्य महादेवः प्रजापतिः ॥१२-१२२-५१॥
jāgarti kālaḥ pūrvaṃ ca madhye ca ante ca bhārata। īśvaraḥ sarvalokasya mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ ॥12-122-51॥
[जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; पूर्वं (pūrvam) - before; च (ca) - and; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; च (ca) - and; अन्ते (ante) - at the end; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the Lord; सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all worlds; महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the great god; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - the lord of creatures;]
(Awakens time before and in the middle and at the end and, O Bhārata, the Lord of all worlds, the great god, the lord of creatures.)
O Bhārata, the Lord of all worlds, Mahadeva, the lord of creatures, awakens time at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end.
देवदेवः शिवः शर्वो जागर्ति सततं प्रभुः। कपर्दी शङ्करो रुद्रो भवः स्थाणुरुमापतिः ॥१२-१२२-५२॥
devadevaḥ śivaḥ śarvo jāgarti satataṃ prabhuḥ। kapardī śaṅkaro rudro bhavaḥ sthāṇurumāpatiḥ ॥12-122-52॥
[देवदेवः (devadevaḥ) - god of gods; शिवः (śivaḥ) - auspicious one; शर्वः (śarvaḥ) - destroyer; जागर्ति (jāgarti) - keeps awake; सततं (satataṃ) - always; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord; कपर्दी (kapardī) - matted-haired; शङ्करः (śaṅkaraḥ) - beneficent; रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - howler; भवः (bhavaḥ) - source of existence; स्थाणुः (sthāṇuḥ) - immovable; उमापतिः (umāpatiḥ) - consort of Umā;]
(The god of gods, the auspicious one, the destroyer, keeps awake always, the lord, the matted-haired, the beneficent, the howler, the source of existence, the immovable, the consort of Umā.)
Śiva, the god of gods, ever-awake lord, destroyer, beneficent, matted-haired, Rudra, source of existence, immovable, and consort of Umā, is always vigilant.
इत्येष दण्डो विख्यात आदौ मध्ये तथावरे। भूमिपालो यथान्यायं वर्तेतानेन धर्मवित् ॥१२-१२२-५३॥
ityeṣa daṇḍo vikhyāta ādau madhye tathāvare। bhūmipālo yathānyāyaṃ vartetānena dharmavit ॥12-122-53॥
[इति (iti) - thus; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - well-known; आदौ (ādau) - at the beginning; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; तथा (tathā) - so; अवरे (avare) - at the end; भूमिपालः (bhūmipālaḥ) - king; यथा (yathā) - according as; अन्यायम् (anyāyam) - injustice; वर्तेत (varteta) - should act; अनेन (anena) - by this; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma;]
(Thus this punishment is well-known at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end. The king, knowing dharma, should act by this according to justice.)
Thus, this punishment is established at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end. The king who knows dharma should act according to this, in accordance with justice.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
इतीदं वसुहोमस्य शृणुयाद्यो मतं नरः। श्रुत्वा च सम्यग्वर्तेत स कामानाप्नुयान्नृपः ॥१२-१२२-५४॥
itīdaṃ vasuhomasya śṛṇuyāddyo mataṃ naraḥ। śrutvā ca samyagvarteta sa kāmānāpnuyānnṛpaḥ ॥12-122-54॥
[इति (iti) - thus; इदं (idaṃ) - this; वसुहोमस्य (vasuhomasya) - of Vasuhoma; शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - should hear; यः (yaḥ) - who; मतं (mataṃ) - opinion; नरः (naraḥ) - man; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; च (ca) - and; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; वर्तेत (varteta) - should act; सः (saḥ) - he; कामान् (kāmān) - desires; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should attain; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king;]
(Thus this (is) the opinion of Vasuhoma; the man who should hear, having heard and properly should act, he, the king, should attain desires.)
Thus, this is Vasuhoma's opinion; any man who listens to it and acts properly after hearing it, that king will attain his desires.
इति ते सर्वमाख्यातं यो दण्डो मनुजर्षभ। नियन्ता सर्वलोकस्य धर्माक्रान्तस्य भारत ॥१२-१२२-५५॥
iti te sarvam ākhyātaṃ yo daṇḍo manujarṣabha. niyantā sarvalokasya dharmākrāntasya bhārata ॥12-122-55॥
[इति (iti) - thus; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; यः (yaḥ) - which; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - O best of men; नियन्ता (niyantā) - controller; सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all worlds; धर्माक्रान्तस्य (dharmākrāntasya) - overcome by dharma; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Thus to you all has been told which punishment, O best of men, (is) the controller of all worlds, overcome by dharma, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, thus I have told you everything about that punishment which, being governed by dharma, controls all the worlds, O best of men.
