12.153
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अनर्थानामधिष्ठानमुक्तो लोभः पितामह। अज्ञानमपि वै तात श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥१२-१५३-१॥
anarthānām adhiṣṭhānam ukto lobhaḥ pitāmaha। ajñānam api vai tāta śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ ॥12-153-1॥
[अनर्थानाम् (anarthānām) - of calamities; अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - the foundation; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - is said; लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance; अपि (api) - also; वै (vai) - indeed; तात (tāta) - O father; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in essence;]
(O grandsire, greed is said to be the foundation of calamities. O father, I also indeed wish to hear about ignorance in essence.)
O grandsire, greed is described as the root of calamities. O father, I also wish to hear in detail about ignorance.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
करोति पापं योऽज्ञानान्नात्मनो वेत्ति च क्षमम्। प्रद्वेष्टि साधुवृत्तांश्च स लोकस्यैति वाच्यताम् ॥१२-१५३-२॥
karoti pāpaṃ yo'jñānānnātmano vetti ca kṣamam। pradveṣṭi sādhuvṛttāṃśca sa lokasyaiti vācyatām ॥12-153-2॥
[करोति (karoti) - does; performs; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; evil act; यः (yaḥ) - who; अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; न (na) - not; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; वेत्ति (vetti) - knows; understands; च (ca) - and; क्षमम् (kṣamam) - forgiveness; tolerance; प्रद्वेष्टि (pradveṣṭi) - hates; despises; साधुवृत्तान् (sādhuvṛttān) - the virtuous; those of good conduct; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; by people; एति (eti) - attains; comes to; वाच्यताम् (vācyatām) - to be spoken of; to be called; ॥१२-१५३-२॥ (॥12-153-2॥) - ॥12-153-2॥;]
(He who does sin from ignorance, does not know forgiveness of oneself, and hates the virtuous, he is to be spoken of by the world thus.)
He who, out of ignorance, commits sin, does not understand forgiveness for himself, and despises those of virtuous conduct, is to be regarded as such by the world.
अज्ञानान्निरयं याति तथाज्ञानेन दुर्गतिम्। अज्ञानात्क्लेशमाप्नोति तथापत्सु निमज्जति ॥१२-१५३-३॥
ajñānānnirayaṃ yāti tathājñānena durgatim। ajñānātkleśamāpnoti tathāpatsu nimajjati ॥12-153-3॥
[अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; याति (yāti) - goes; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अज्ञानेन (ajñānena) - by ignorance; दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - bad state; अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; क्लेशम् (kleśam) - suffering; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपत्सु (apatsu) - in calamities; निमज्जति (nimajjati) - sinks;]
(From ignorance, one goes to hell; likewise, by ignorance, (one attains) a bad state. From ignorance, (one) attains suffering; likewise, (one) sinks in calamities.)
Due to ignorance, one goes to hell; similarly, through ignorance, one falls into a bad state. Ignorance leads to suffering, and likewise, one is submerged in calamities.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अज्ञानस्य प्रवृत्तिं च स्थानं वृद्धिं क्षयोदयौ। मूलं योगं गतिं कालं कारणं हेतुमेव च ॥१२-१५३-४॥
ajñānasya pravṛttiṃ ca sthānaṃ vṛddhiṃ kṣayodayau। mūlaṃ yogaṃ gatiṃ kālaṃ kāraṇaṃ hetumeva ca ॥12-153-4॥
[अज्ञानस्य (ajñānasya) - of ignorance; प्रवृत्तिं (pravṛttiṃ) - activity; च (ca) - and; स्थानं (sthānaṃ) - place; वृद्धिं (vṛddhiṃ) - growth; क्षय (kṣaya) - decline; उदयौ (udayau) - and rise; मूलं (mūlaṃ) - root; योगं (yogaṃ) - union; गतिं (gatiṃ) - movement; कालं (kālaṃ) - time; कारणं (kāraṇaṃ) - cause; हेतुम् (hetum) - reason; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Of ignorance, activity and place, growth, decline and rise, root, union, movement, time, cause, reason indeed and.)
The activity, place, growth, decline, rise, root, union, movement, time, cause, and reason of ignorance.
श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वेन यथावदिह पार्थिव। अज्ञानप्रभवं हीदं यद्दुःखमुपलभ्यते ॥१२-१५३-५॥
śrotum icchāmi tattvena yathāvad iha pārthiva। ajñāna-prabhavaṃ hīdaṃ yad duḥkham upalabhyate ॥12-153-5॥
[श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; (from the root śru, to hear; infinitive) इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; (from the root iṣ, to wish; first person singular present) तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in reality; by truth; (instrumental of tattva, truth, reality) यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it is; properly; (indeclinable) इह (iha) - here; (indeclinable) पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; (vocative of pārthiva, king, earthly being) अज्ञानप्रभवम् (ajñāna-prabhavam) - originated from ignorance; (ajñāna, ignorance + prabhava, arising) हि (hi) - indeed; (particle, emphasizing) इदम् (idam) - this; (pronoun) यत् (yat) - which; (relative pronoun) दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; pain; (noun) उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is experienced; is obtained; (from upa-labh, to obtain, to experience; passive, present, third person singular);]
(I wish to hear in reality, as it is, here, O king, that suffering which indeed is experienced, which has originated from ignorance.)
O king, I wish to hear, in truth and as it is, here, about the suffering that is indeed experienced, which arises from ignorance.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
रागो द्वेषस्तथा मोहो हर्षः शोकोऽभिमानिता। कामः क्रोधश्च दर्पश्च तन्द्रीरालस्यमेव च ॥१२-१५३-६॥
rāgo dveṣas tathā moho harṣaḥ śoko'bhimānitā। kāmaḥ krodhaś ca darpaś ca tandrīr ālasyam eva ca ॥12-153-6॥
[रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment; desire; passion; द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - aversion; hatred; तथा (tathā) - and; likewise; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; confusion; हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy; exhilaration; शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow; grief; अभिमानिता (abhimānitā) - pride; arrogance; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; longing; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; wrath; च (ca) - and; दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance; pride; च (ca) - and; तन्द्रिः (tandrīḥ) - sloth; lethargy; आलस्यं (ālasyam) - laziness; idleness; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and;]
(Attachment, aversion, and likewise delusion, joy, sorrow, pride, desire, anger and arrogance, sloth, laziness indeed and.)
Attachment, aversion, delusion, joy, sorrow, pride, desire, anger, arrogance, sloth, and laziness are enumerated here.
इच्छा द्वेषस्तथा तापः परवृद्ध्युपतापिता। अज्ञानमेतन्निर्दिष्टं पापानां चैव याः क्रियाः ॥१२-१५३-७॥
icchā dveṣas tathā tāpaḥ paravṛddhy-upatāpitā। ajñānam etan nirdiṣṭaṃ pāpānāṃ caiva yāḥ kriyāḥ ॥12-153-7॥
[इच्छा (icchā) - desire; द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - aversion; तथा (tathā) - likewise; तापः (tāpaḥ) - affliction; परवृद्धि-उपतापिता (paravṛddhi-upatāpitā) - distressed by others' prosperity; अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance; एतत् (etat) - this; निर्दिष्टम् (nirdiṣṭam) - designated; पापानाम् (pāpānām) - of the sinful; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; याः (yāḥ) - which; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions;]
(Desire, aversion, likewise affliction, distressed by others' prosperity, ignorance—this is designated as the actions of the sinful indeed.)
Desire, hatred, affliction, envy at others' prosperity, and ignorance—these are described as the actions of the sinful.
एतया या प्रवृत्तिश्च वृद्ध्यादीन्यांश्च पृच्छसि। विस्तरेण महाबाहो शृणु तच्च विशां पते ॥१२-१५३-८॥
etayā yā pravṛttiś ca vṛddhy-ādīny āṃś ca pṛcchasi। vistareṇa mahābāho śṛṇu tac ca viśāṃ pate ॥12-153-8॥
[एतया (etayā) - by this; या (yā) - which; प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - activity; च (ca) - and; वृद्धि (vṛddhi) - increase; आदीनि (ādīni) - and others; आंश् (āṃś) - parts; च (ca) - and; पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; विशां (viśām) - of men; पते (pate) - O lord;]
(By this, which activity and increase and others, and parts, and you ask; in detail, O mighty-armed, listen to that also, O lord of men.)
O mighty-armed one, you ask about this activity, its increase, and its parts; listen to that in detail, O lord of men.
उभावेतौ समफलौ समदोषौ च भारत। अज्ञानं चातिलोभश्चाप्येकं जानीहि पार्थिव ॥१२-१५३-९॥
ubhāvetau samaphalau samadoṣau ca bhārata। ajñānaṃ cātilobhaścāpyekaṃ jānīhi pārthiva ॥12-153-9॥
[उभौ (ubhāu) - both; एतौ (etau) - these; समफलौ (samaphalau) - having equal results; समदोषौ (samadoṣau) - having equal faults; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance; च (ca) - and; अतिलोभः (atilobhaḥ) - excessive greed; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; एकम् (ekam) - one; जानीहि (jānīhi) - know; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king;]
(Both these have equal results and equal faults, O Bhārata. Ignorance and excessive greed also, know (them) as one, O king.)
O Bhārata, both these have equal results and equal faults. Know ignorance and excessive greed to be one and the same, O king.
लोभप्रभवमज्ञानं वृद्धं भूयः प्रवर्धते। स्थाने स्थानं क्षये क्षैण्यमुपैति विविधां गतिम् ॥१२-१५३-१०॥
lobhaprabhavam ajñānaṃ vṛddhaṃ bhūyaḥ pravardhate. sthāne sthānaṃ kṣaye kṣaiṇyam upaiti vividhāṃ gatim ॥12-153-10॥
[लोभ (lobha) - greed; प्रभवम् (prabhavam) - originated; अज्ञानं (ajñānam) - ignorance; वृद्धं (vṛddham) - grown; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further; प्रवर्धते (pravardhate) - increases; स्थाने (sthāne) - in place; स्थानं (sthānam) - place; क्षये (kṣaye) - in decline; क्षैण्यम् (kṣaiṇyam) - diminishment; उपैति (upaiti) - attains; विविधां (vividhām) - various; गतिम् (gatim) - state;]
(Ignorance originated from greed, grown, further increases. In place, place; in decline, diminishment attains various state.)
Ignorance that arises from greed, once grown, continues to increase further. In each place, as decline occurs, diminishment attains various states.
मूलं लोभस्य महतः कालात्मगतिरेव च। छिन्नेऽच्छिन्ने तथा लोभे कारणं काल एव हि ॥१२-१५३-११॥
mūlaṃ lobhasya mahataḥ kālātmagatireva ca। chinne'cchinne tathā lobhe kāraṇaṃ kāla eva hi॥12-153-11॥
[मूलं (mūlam) - root; लोभस्य (lobhasya) - of greed; महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great; कालात्मगति: (kālātmagatiḥ) - the course whose essence is time; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; छिन्ने (chinne) - when cut off; अच्छिन्ने (acchinne) - when not cut off; तथा (tathā) - likewise; लोभे (lobhe) - in greed; कारणं (kāraṇam) - the cause; काल (kāla) - time; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - certainly;]
(The root of the great greed is indeed the course whose essence is time, and whether greed is cut off or not, likewise, the cause is certainly time.)
The root of great greed is the movement whose essence is time; whether greed is ended or not, time alone is truly the cause.
तस्याज्ञानात्तु लोभो हि लोभादज्ञानमेव च। सर्वे दोषास्तथा लोभात्तस्माल्लोभं विवर्जयेत् ॥१२-१५३-१२॥
tasyājñānāttu lobho hi lobhād ajñānam eva ca। sarve doṣās tathā lobhāt tasmāl lobhaṃ vivarjayet ॥12-153-12॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; तु (tu) - but; लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed; हि (hi) - indeed; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; सर्वे (sarve) - all; दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults; तथा (tathā) - likewise; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; लोभम् (lobham) - greed; विवर्जयेत् (vivarjayet) - should avoid;]
(But greed indeed arises from his ignorance; and from greed, indeed, ignorance. Likewise, all faults (arise) from greed; therefore, one should avoid greed.)
Greed arises from ignorance, and ignorance also arises from greed. All faults likewise arise from greed; therefore, one should avoid greed.
जनको युवनाश्वश्च वृषादर्भिः प्रसेनजित्। लोभक्षयाद्दिवं प्राप्तास्तथैवान्ये जनाधिपाः ॥१२-१५३-१३॥
janako yuvanāśvaś ca vṛṣādarbhiḥ prasenajit। lobhakṣayād divaṃ prāptās tathaivānye janādhipāḥ ॥12-153-13॥
[जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka; (a king's name; युवनाश्वः (yuvanāśvaḥ) - Yuvanāśva; (a king's name; च (ca) - and; वृषादर्भिः (vṛṣādarbhiḥ) - Vṛṣādarbhi; (a king's name; प्रसेनजित् (prasenajit) - Prasenajit; (a king's name; लोभक्षयात् (lobhakṣayāt) - from the destruction of greed; दिवम् (divam) - heaven; प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - attained; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; एव (eva) - indeed; अन्ये (anye) - other; जनाधिपाः (janādhipāḥ) - kings;]
(Janaka, Yuvanāśva, and Vṛṣādarbhi, Prasenajit, from the destruction of greed, attained heaven; in the same way indeed, other kings (also).)
Janaka, Yuvanāśva, Vṛṣādarbhi, and Prasenajit attained heaven by destroying greed; likewise, other kings also reached heaven.
प्रत्यक्षं तु कुरुश्रेष्ठ त्यज लोभमिहात्मना। त्यक्त्वा लोभं सुखं लोके प्रेत्य चानुचरिष्यसि ॥१२-१५३-१४॥
pratyakṣaṃ tu kuruśreṣṭha tyaja lobham ihātmanā। tyaktvā lobhaṃ sukhaṃ loke pretya cānucariṣyasi ॥12-153-14॥
[प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly; तु (tu) - but; कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of the Kurus; त्यज (tyaja) - abandon; लोभम् (lobham) - greed; इह (iha) - here; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by yourself; त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; लोभम् (lobham) - greed; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; लोके (loke) - in the world; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after departing (after death); च (ca) - and; अनुचरिष्यसि (anucariṣyasi) - you will follow;]
(But directly, O best of the Kurus, abandon greed here by yourself. Having abandoned greed, you will follow happiness in the world and after departing (after death).)
O best of the Kurus, abandon greed here and now by your own effort. By giving up greed, you will attain happiness both in this world and after death.
