12.184
भरद्वाज उवाच॥
bharadvāja uvāca॥
[भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvāja; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bharadvāja said;)
Bharadvāja said.
दानस्य किं फलं प्राहुर्धर्मस्य चरितस्य च। तपसश्च सुतप्तस्य स्वाध्यायस्य हुतस्य च ॥१२-१८४-१॥
dānasya kiṃ phalaṃ prāhur dharmasya caritasya ca। tapasaś ca sutaptasya svādhyāyasya hutasya ca ॥12-184-1॥
[दानस्य (dānasya) - of gift; of charity; किं (kiṃ) - what; which; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; result; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; they declare; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; of righteousness; चरितस्य (caritasya) - of conduct; of practice; च (ca) - and; तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity; of penance; च (ca) - and; सुतप्तस्य (sutaptasya) - well-performed; thoroughly heated; स्वाध्यायस्य (svādhyāyasya) - of self-study; of recitation; हुतस्य (hutasya) - of offering (in fire); of oblation; च (ca) - and;]
(Of gift what fruit they say, of dharma, of conduct and; of austerity and well-performed, of self-study, of offering and.)
What, they ask, is the fruit of charity, of righteousness, of good conduct; and of austerity well-performed, of self-study, and of offerings?
भृगुरुवाच॥
bhṛguruvāca॥
[भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhṛgu; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bhṛgu said;)
Bhṛgu said.
हुतेन शाम्यते पापं स्वाध्याये शान्तिरुत्तमा। दानेन भोग इत्याहुस्तपसा सर्वमाप्नुयात् ॥१२-१८४-२॥
hutena śāmyate pāpaṃ svādhyāye śāntiruttamā। dānena bhoga ityāhustapasā sarvamāpnuyāt ॥12-184-2॥
[हुतेन (hutena) - by offering (in fire); शाम्यते (śāmyate) - is pacified; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; स्वाध्याये (svādhyāye) - in self-study; शान्ति: (śāntiḥ) - peace; उत्तमा (uttamā) - supreme; दानेन (dānena) - by giving; भोग: (bhogaḥ) - enjoyment; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - one attains;]
(By offering (in fire), sin is pacified; in self-study, peace (is) supreme. By giving, enjoyment, thus they say; by austerity, one attains all.)
Sin is pacified by offerings; supreme peace is found in self-study. Enjoyment is said to come from giving, and all is attained through austerity.
दानं तु द्विविधं प्राहुः परत्रार्थमिहैव च। सद्भ्यो यद्दीयते किञ्चित्तत्परत्रोपतिष्ठति ॥१२-१८४-३॥
dānaṃ tu dvividhaṃ prāhuḥ paratrārtham ihaiva ca। sadbhyo yad dīyate kiñcit tat paratro patiṣṭhati॥12-184-3॥
[दानम् (dānam) - gift; तु (tu) - but; द्विविधम् (dvividham) - of two kinds; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; परत्रार्थम् (paratrārtham) - for the other world; इह एव (iha eva) - here itself; च (ca) - and; सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ) - to the good; यत् (yat) - which; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; तत् (tat) - that; परत्र (paratra) - in the other world; उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati) - attends;]
(Gift but of two kinds they say: for the other world and here itself; to the good which is given anything, that in the other world attends.)
Gift is said to be of two kinds: for the other world and for this very world; whatever is given to the good, that attends (the giver) in the other world.
असत्सु दीयते यत्तु तद्दानमिह भुज्यते। यादृशं दीयते दानं तादृशं फलमाप्यते ॥१२-१८४-४॥
asatsu dīyate yat tu tad dānam iha bhujyate। yādṛśaṃ dīyate dānaṃ tādṛśaṃ phalam āpyate॥12-184-4॥
[असत्सु (asatsu) - in the unworthy; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; यत् (yat) - which; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; दानम् (dānam) - gift; इह (iha) - here; भुज्यते (bhujyate) - is enjoyed; यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - of what kind; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; दानम् (dānam) - gift; तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - of that kind; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; आप्यते (āpyate) - is obtained;]
(But the gift which is given to the unworthy, that gift is enjoyed here. Of whatever kind the gift is given, of that kind the fruit is obtained.)
A gift given to the unworthy is enjoyed only in this world. The result of a gift matches the nature of the gift itself.
भरद्वाज उवाच॥
bharadvāja uvāca॥
[भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvāja; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bharadvāja said;)
Bharadvāja said.
किं कस्य धर्मचरणं किं वा धर्मस्य लक्षणम्। धर्मः कतिविधो वापि तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥१२-१८४-५॥
kiṁ kasya dharmacaraṇaṁ kiṁ vā dharmasya lakṣaṇam। dharmaḥ katividho vāpi tadbhavānvaktumarhati ॥12-184-5॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; धर्मचरणं (dharmacaraṇam) - practice of dharma; किं (kiṁ) - what; वा (vā) - or; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; कतिविधः (katividhaḥ) - of how many kinds; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; तत् (tat) - that; भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific); वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; अर्हति (arhati) - are worthy;]
(What is the practice of dharma of whom, what is the characteristic of dharma, of how many kinds is dharma or also, that you are worthy to speak.)
What is the practice of dharma for whom? What is the characteristic of dharma? Of how many kinds is dharma? You are worthy to speak about that.
भृगुरुवाच॥
bhṛguruvāca॥
[भृगु (bhṛgu) - Bhṛgu; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhṛgu said;)
Bhṛgu said.
स्वधर्मचरणे युक्ता ये भवन्ति मनीषिणः। तेषां धर्मफलावाप्तिर्योऽन्यथा स विमुह्यति ॥१२-१८४-६॥
svadharmacaraṇe yuktā ye bhavanti manīṣiṇaḥ। teṣāṃ dharmaphalāvāptiryo'nyathā sa vimuhyati ॥12-184-6॥
[स्वधर्म (svadharma) - one's own duty; चरणे (caraṇe) - in the practice; युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged; ये (ye) - who; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise ones; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; धर्मफल (dharmaphala) - fruit of righteousness; अवाप्तिः (avāptiḥ) - attainment; यः (yaḥ) - who; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; सः (saḥ) - he; विमुह्यति (vimuhyati) - becomes deluded;]
(Those who are engaged in the practice of their own duty, who are wise, for them the attainment of the fruit of righteousness; he who otherwise (acts), he becomes deluded.)
Those wise ones who are engaged in performing their own duty attain the fruit of righteousness; but whoever acts otherwise becomes deluded.
भरद्वाज उवाच॥
bharadvāja uvāca॥
[भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvāja; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bharadvāja said;)
Bharadvāja said.
यदेतच्चातुराश्रम्यं ब्रह्मर्षिविहितं पुरा। तेषां स्वे स्वे य आचारास्तान्मे वक्तुमिहार्हसि ॥१२-१८४-७॥
yadetaccāturāśramyaṃ brahmarṣivihitaṃ purā। teṣāṃ sve sve ya ācārāstānme vaktumihārhasi ॥12-184-7॥
[यत् (yat) - which; एतत् (etat) - this; चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - relating to the four āśramas; ब्रह्मर्षि-विहितम् (brahmarṣi-vihitam) - instituted by the Brahmarṣis; पुरा (purā) - formerly; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; स्वे स्वे (sve sve) - in their own respective; यः (yaḥ) - which; आचाराः (ācārāḥ) - practices; तान् (tān) - those; मे (me) - to me; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; इह (iha) - here; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are worthy (to do);]
(Which this relating to the four āśramas instituted by the Brahmarṣis formerly; of them, in their own respective (ways), which practices, those to me to speak here you are worthy (to do).)
You are worthy to tell me here about those practices of each of the four āśramas, which were instituted by the Brahmarṣis in ancient times.
भृगुरुवाच॥
bhṛguruvāca॥
[भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhṛgu; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bhṛgu said;)
Bhṛgu said.
पूर्वमेव भगवता लोकहितमनुतिष्ठता धर्मसंरक्षणार्थमाश्रमाश्चत्वारोऽभिनिर्दिष्टाः तत्र गुरुकुलवासमेव तावत्प्रथममाश्रममुदाहरन्ति सम्यगत्र शौचसंस्कारविनयनियमप्रणीतो विनीतात्मा उभे सन्ध्ये भास्कराग्निदैवतान्युपस्थाय विहाय तन्द्रालस्ये गुरोरभिवादनवेदाभ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्मा त्रिषवणमुपस्पृश्य ब्रह्मचर्याग्निपरिचरणगुरुशुश्रूषानित्यो भैक्षादिसर्वनिवेदितान्तरात्मा गुरुवचननिर्देशानुष्ठानाप्रतिकूलो गुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्परः स्यात् ॥१२-१८४-८॥
pūrvameva bhagavatā lokahitamanutiṣṭhatā dharmasaṃrakṣaṇārthamāśramāścatvāro'bhinirdiṣṭāḥ tatra gurukulavāsameva tāvatprathamamāśramamudāharanti samyagatra śaucasaṃskāravinayaniyamapraṇīto vinītātmā ubhe sandhye bhāskarāgnidaivatānyupasthāya vihāya tandrālasyegurorabhivādanavedābhyāsaśravaṇapavitīkṛtāntarātmā triṣavaṇamupaspṛśya brahmacaryāgniparicaraṇaguruśuśrūṣānityo bhaikṣādisarvaniveditāntarātmā guruvacananirdeśānuṣṭhānāpratikūlo guruprasādalabdhsvādhyāyatatparaḥ syāt ॥12-184-8॥
[पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; previously; एव (eva) - indeed; only; भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the venerable; by the Lord; लोकहितम् (lokahitam) - welfare of the world; अनुतिष्ठता (anutiṣṭhatā) - by one who is performing; धर्मसंरक्षणार्थम् (dharmasaṃrakṣaṇārtham) - for the purpose of protecting dharma; आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - āśramas; stages of life; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; अभिनिर्दिष्टाः (abhinirdeṣṭāḥ) - have been specifically prescribed; तत्र (tatra) - there; गुरुकुलवासम् (gurukulavāsam) - residence in the teacher's house; एव (eva) - indeed; only; तावत् (tāvat) - then; at first; प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first; आश्रमम् (āśramam) - āśrama; stage of life; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - is cited; is mentioned; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; rightly; अत्र (atra) - here; शौच (śauca) - purity; संस्कार (saṃskāra) - refinement; rite; विनय (vinaya) - discipline; नियम (niyama) - rule; observance; प्रणीतः (praṇītaḥ) - established; led; विनीतात्मा (vinītātmā) - one whose self is disciplined; उभे (ubhe) - both; सन्ध्ये (sandhye) - twilights; भास्कर (bhāskara) - sun; अग्नि (agni) - fire; दैवतानि (daivatāni) - divinities; उपस्थाय (upasthāya) - having worshipped; विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned; तन्द्रा (tandrā) - drowsiness; अलस्ये (alasye) - laziness; गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; अभिवादन (abhivādana) - salutation; वेदाभ्यास (vedābhyāsa) - study of the Veda; श्रवण (śravaṇa) - listening; पवित्रीकृत (pavitīkṛta) - purified; अन्तरात्मा (antarātmā) - inner self; त्रिषवणम् (triṣavaṇam) - three sandhyās; उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched (water); ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) - celibacy; अग्नि (agni) - fire; परिचरण (paricaraṇa) - service; गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to the teacher; नित्यः (nityaḥ) - always; भैक्ष (bhaikṣa) - alms; आदि (ādi) - and so on; सर्व (sarva) - all; निवेदित (nivedita) - offered; अन्तरात्मा (antarātmā) - inner self; गुरुवचन (guruvacana) - teacher's word; निर्देश (nirdeśa) - instruction; अनुष्ठान (anuṣṭhāna) - performance; अप्रतिकूलः (apratikūlaḥ) - not opposed; गुरुप्रसाद (guruprasāda) - teacher's grace; लब्ध (labdha) - obtained; स्वाध्याय (svādhyāya) - self-study; तत्परः (tatparaḥ) - devoted to that; स्यात् (syāt) - should be;]
(Previously, indeed, by the venerable one performing for the welfare of the world, for the purpose of protecting dharma, four āśramas were specifically prescribed. There, residence in the teacher's house alone is cited as the first āśrama. Here, one properly established in purity, refinement, discipline, and observance, with a disciplined self, having worshipped both twilights, the sun, fire, and divinities, having abandoned drowsiness and laziness, with a purified inner self through salutation to the teacher, study of the Veda, and listening, having touched water at the three sandhyās, always devoted to celibacy, service to the fire, and service to the teacher, with an inner self offered through all acts such as alms, not opposed to the teacher's word, instruction, and performance, devoted to self-study obtained by the teacher's grace, should be.)
In former times, the venerable one, acting for the welfare of the world, specifically prescribed four āśramas for the protection of dharma. Of these, residence in the teacher's house is cited as the first āśrama. In this stage, one who is properly established in purity, refinement, discipline, and observance, with a disciplined mind, worships at both twilights, honors the sun, fire, and divinities, abandons drowsiness and laziness, purifies the inner self through salutation to the teacher, study and listening to the Veda, performs the three sandhyās, is always devoted to celibacy, service to the fire, and service to the teacher, offers all acts such as alms with a dedicated mind, never opposes the teacher's instructions, and is devoted to self-study obtained by the teacher's grace.
भवति चात्र श्लोकः गुरुं यस्तु समाराध्य द्विजो वेदमवाप्नुयात्। तस्य स्वर्गफलावाप्तिः सिध्यते चास्य मानसम् ॥१२-१८४-९॥
bhavati cātra ślokaḥ guruṃ yastu samārādhya dvijo vedamavāpnuyāt। tasya svargaphalāvāptiḥ sidhyate cāsya mānasam ॥12-184-9॥
[भवति (bhavati) - it is; becomes; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse; गुरुम् (guruṃ) - teacher; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; समाराध्य (samārādhya) - having worshipped thoroughly; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; वेदम् (vedam) - Veda; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - might obtain; तस्य (tasya) - his; स्वर्गफल (svargaphala) - heavenly fruit; अवाप्तिः (avāptiḥ) - attainment; सिध्यते (sidhyate) - is accomplished; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - his; मानसम् (mānasam) - mind; ॥१२-१८४-९॥ (॥12-184-9॥) - ॥12-184-9॥;]
(Here is a verse: And the twice-born who, having thoroughly worshipped the teacher, might obtain the Veda; for him, attainment of the heavenly fruit is accomplished, and so is his mind.)
Here is a verse: If a twice-born, having thoroughly worshipped his teacher, obtains the Veda, then the attainment of heavenly rewards and the fulfillment of his mind are accomplished for him.
गार्हस्थ्यं खलु द्वितीयमाश्रमं वदन्ति तस्य समुदाचारलक्षणं सर्वमनुव्याख्यास्यामः समावृत्तानां सदाराणां सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनां गृहाश्रमो विधीयते धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिर्ह्यत्र त्रिवर्गसाधनमवेक्ष्यागर्हितेन कर्मणा धनान्यादाय स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेन वा अद्रिसारगतेन वा हव्यनियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन वा धनेन गृहस्थो गार्हस्थ्यं प्रवर्तयेत् तद्धि सर्वाश्रमाणां मूलमुदाहरन्ति गुरुकुलवासिनः परिव्राजका ये चान्ये सङ्कल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनस्तेषामप्यत एव भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः प्रवर्तन्ते ॥॥१२-१८४-१०॥
gārhasthyaṃ khalu dvitīyamāśramaṃ vadanti tasya samudācāralakṣaṇaṃ sarvamanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ samāvṛttānāṃ sadārāṇāṃ sahadharmacaryāphalārthināṃ gṛhāśramo vidhīyate dharmārthakāmāvāptirhyatra trivargasādhanamavekṣyāgarhitena karmaṇā dhanānyādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena brahmarṣinirmitena vā adrisāragatena vā havyaniyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhastho gārhasthyaṃ pravartayet taddhi sarvāśramāṇāṃ mūlamudāharanti gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakā ye cānye saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinasteṣāmapyata eva bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ pravartante ॥॥12-184-10॥
[गार्हस्थ्यं (gārhasthyaṃ) - householder's state; खलु (khalu) - indeed; द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second; आश्रमं (āśramaṃ) - āśrama; वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say; तस्य (tasya) - its; समुदाचारलक्षणं (samudācāralakṣaṇaṃ) - characteristic of general conduct; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; अनुव्याख्यास्यामः (anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ) - we shall explain; समावृत्तानां (samāvṛttānāṃ) - of those who have completed (studentship); सदाराणां (sadārāṇāṃ) - with wives; सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनां (sahadharmacaryāphalārthināṃ) - desiring the fruit of joint performance of duty; गृहाश्रमः (gṛhāśramaḥ) - householder's āśrama; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed; धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिः (dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ) - attainment of dharma, artha, kāma; हि (hi) - indeed; अत्र (atra) - here; त्रिवर्गसाधनम् (trivargasādhanam) - means of the three aims; अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - considering; अगर्हितेन (agarhitena) - blameless; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; धनानि (dhanāni) - wealth; आदाय (ādāya) - having obtained; स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन (svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena) - obtained by excellence in self-study; ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेन (brahmarṣinirmitena) - created by brahmarṣis; वा (vā) - or; अद्रिसारगतेन (adrisāragatena) - consisting of the essence of a mountain; वा (vā) - or; हव्यनियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन (havyaniyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena) - obtained by the favor of deities through practice of offering and regulation; वा (vā) - or; धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; गार्हस्थ्यं (gārhasthyaṃ) - householder's state; प्रवर्तयेत् (pravartayet) - should practice; तत् (tat) - that; हि (hi) - indeed; सर्वाश्रमाणां (sarvāśramāṇāṃ) - of all āśramas; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they declare; गुरुकुलवासिनः (gurukulavāsinaḥ) - those living in the teacher's house; परिव्राजकाः (parivrājakāḥ) - wandering ascetics; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; सङ्कल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनः (saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ) - performers of vowed, regulated duties; तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them; अपि (api) - also; अत एव (ata eva) - for this reason; भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः (bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ) - distribution of alms and offerings; प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - are practiced;]
(The householder's state, indeed, is called the second āśrama; its characteristics of general conduct we shall explain all. For those who have completed (studentship), with wives, desiring the fruit of joint performance of duty, the householder's āśrama is prescribed. Attainment of dharma, artha, and kāma, indeed here, considering the means of the three aims, by blameless action, having obtained wealth by excellence in self-study, or created by brahmarṣis, or consisting of the essence of a mountain, or obtained by the favor of deities through practice of offering and regulation, or by wealth, the householder should practice the householder's state. That, indeed, is declared as the root of all āśramas. Those living in the teacher's house, wandering ascetics, and others who perform vowed, regulated duties—for them also, for this reason, the distribution of alms and offerings is practiced.)
The householder's stage is indeed regarded as the second āśrama. We shall explain in detail all the characteristics of its general conduct. For those who have completed their studentship, are married, and seek the fruits of joint performance of duty, the householder's āśrama is prescribed. Here, the attainment of dharma, artha, and kāma is considered, and by blameless actions, having acquired wealth—whether through excellence in self-study, by means created by brahmarṣis, by resources from the mountains, or by the favor of deities through the practice of offerings and regulations—the householder should maintain the householder's state. This is indeed declared as the root of all āśramas. Those living in the teacher's house, wandering ascetics, and others who perform vowed and regulated duties—for all of them, therefore, the distribution of alms and offerings is practiced.
वानप्रस्थानां द्रव्योपस्कार इति प्रायशः खल्वेते साधवः साधुपथ्यदर्शनाः स्वाध्यायप्रसङ्गिनस्तीर्थाभिगमनदेशदर्शनार्थं पृथिवीं पर्यटन्ति तेषां प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादनानसूयावाक्प्रदानसौमुख्यशक्त्यासनशयनाभ्यवहारसत्क्रियाश्चेति ॥१२-१८४-११॥
vānaprasthānāṃ dravyopaskāra iti prāyaśaḥ khalvete sādhavaḥ sādhupathyadarśanāḥ svādhyāyaprasaṅginastīrthābhigamanadeśadarśanārthaṃ pṛthivīṃ paryaṭanti teṣāṃ pratyutthānābhivādanānasūyāvākpradānasaumukhyaśaktyāsanaśayanābhyavahārasatkriyāśceti ॥12-184-11॥
[वानप्रस्थानाम् (vānaprasthānām) - of those who have entered the forest (vānaprastha); द्रव्योपस्कारः (dravyopaskāraḥ) - material equipment; इति (iti) - thus; प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - generally; खलु (khalu) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good men; साधुपथ्यदर्शनाः (sādhupathyadarśanāḥ) - those who see the path of virtue; स्वाध्यायप्रसङ्गिनः (svādhyāyaprasaṅginaḥ) - engaged in self-study; तीर्थाभिगमनदेशदर्शनार्थम् (tīrthābhigamanadeśadarśanārtham) - for the purpose of visiting holy places and seeing lands; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth; पर्यटन्ति (paryaṭanti) - wander; तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them; प्रत्युत्थान (pratyutthāna) - rising up (in respect); अभिवादन (abhivādana) - greeting; अनसूया (anasūyā) - without envy; वाक्-प्रदान (vāk-pradāna) - offering words; सौमुख्य (saumukhya) - friendliness; शक्ति (śakti) - ability; आसन (āsana) - seat; शयन (śayana) - bed; अभ्यवहार (abhyavahāra) - food; सत्क्रियाः (satkriyāḥ) - respectful acts; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus;]
(Of those who have entered the forest, material equipment thus generally indeed these good men, those who see the path of virtue, engaged in self-study, for the purpose of visiting holy places and seeing lands, wander the earth. To them, rising up (in respect), greeting, without envy, offering words, friendliness, ability, seat, bed, food, respectful acts and thus (are to be offered).)
Generally, the material equipment of those who have entered the forest is indeed these good men, who see the path of virtue and are engaged in self-study, wander the earth for the purpose of visiting holy places and seeing lands. To them, rising in respect, greeting, freedom from envy, offering words, friendliness, ability, providing a seat, bed, food, and respectful acts are to be offered.
भवति चात्र श्लोकः अतिथिर्यस्य भग्नाशो गृहात्प्रतिनिवर्तते। स दत्त्वा दुष्कृतं तस्मै पुण्यमादाय गच्छति ॥१२-१८४-१२॥
bhavati cātra ślokaḥ atithiryasya bhagnāśo gṛhātpratinivartate। sa dattvā duṣkṛtaṃ tasmai puṇyamādāya gacchati ॥12-184-12॥
[भवति (bhavati) - it is; becomes; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse; अतिथि: (atithiḥ) - guest; यस्य (yasya) - whose; भग्नाशः (bhagnāśaḥ) - whose hope is broken; गृहात् (gṛhāt) - from the house; प्रतिनिवर्तते (pratinivartate) - returns; सः (saḥ) - he; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - sin; तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes;]
(Here is a verse: The guest whose hope is broken returns from the house; he, having given sin to him, having taken merit, goes.)
Here is a verse: If a guest, whose expectations are disappointed, returns from a house, he gives his sin to the householder and takes away the householder's merit.
अपि चात्र यज्ञक्रियाभिर्देवताः प्रीयन्ते निवापेन पितरो वेदाभ्यासश्रवणधारणेन ऋषयः अपत्योत्पादनेन प्रजापतिरिति ॥१२-१८४-१३॥
api cātra yajñakriyābhir devatāḥ prīyante nivāpena pitaro vedābhyāsaśravaṇadhāraṇena ṛṣayaḥ apatyotpādanena prajāpati riti ॥12-184-13॥
[अपि (api) - indeed; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; यज्ञक्रियाभिः (yajñakriyābhiḥ) - by sacrificial acts; देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities; प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - are pleased; निवापेन (nivāpena) - by offering of oblations; पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors; वेदाभ्यासश्रवणधारणेन (vedābhyāsaśravaṇadhāraṇena) - by study, hearing, and retention of the Veda; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; अपत्योत्पादनेन (apatyotpādanena) - by the production of offspring; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (the lord of creatures); इति (iti) - thus;]
(Indeed, here, by sacrificial acts, the deities are pleased; by the offering of oblations, the ancestors (are pleased); by study, hearing, and retention of the Veda, the sages (are pleased); by the production of offspring, Prajāpati (is pleased)—thus.)
Indeed, here, the deities are pleased by sacrificial acts; the ancestors by the offering of oblations; the sages by study, hearing, and retention of the Veda; and Prajāpati by the production of offspring—thus it is said.
श्लोकौ चात्र भवतः वत्सलाः सर्वभूतानां वाच्याः श्रोत्रसुखा गिरः। परिवादोपघातौ च पारुष्यं चात्र गर्हितम् ॥१२-१८४-१४॥
ślokau cātra bhavataḥ vatsalāḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ vācyāḥ śrotrasukhā giraḥ। parivādopaghātau ca pāruṣyaṃ cātra garhitam ॥12-184-14॥
[श्लोकौ (ślokau) - verses; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; भवतः (bhavataḥ) - of you; वत्सलाः (vatsalāḥ) - affectionate; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; वाच्याः (vācyāḥ) - to be spoken; श्रोत्रसुखाः (śrotrasukhāḥ) - pleasing to the ear; गिरः (giraḥ) - words; परिवादोपघातौ (parivādopaghātau) - slander and injury; च (ca) - and; पारुष्यं (pāruṣyam) - harshness; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; गर्हितम् (garhitam) - condemned;]
(Verses here of you, affectionate to all beings, to be spoken, pleasing to the ear, words; slander and injury and harshness here are condemned.)
Here, the verses you compose should be affectionate to all beings, spoken words that are pleasing to the ear; slander, injury, and harshness are condemned here.
अवज्ञानमहङ्कारो दम्भश्चैव विगर्हितः। अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः सर्वाश्रमगतं तपः ॥१२-१८४-१५॥
avajñānamahaṅkāro dambhaścaiva vigarhitaḥ। ahiṃsā satyamakrodhaḥ sarvāśramagataṃ tapaḥ ॥12-184-15॥
[अवज्ञान (avajñāna) - ignorance; महङ्कारः (mahaṅkāraḥ) - arrogance; दम्भः (dambhaḥ) - hypocrisy; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विगर्हितः (vigarhitaḥ) - condemned; अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) - non-violence; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger; सर्वाश्रमगतं (sarvāśramagataṃ) - present in all āśramas; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity;]
(Ignorance, arrogance, and hypocrisy are indeed condemned. Non-violence, truth, absence of anger, and austerity present in all āśramas.)
Ignorance, arrogance, and hypocrisy are condemned. Non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, and austerity practiced in all stages of life are praised.
अपि चात्र माल्याभरणवस्त्राभ्यङ्गगन्धोपभोगनृत्तगीतवादित्रश्रुतिसुख- नयनाभिरामसंदर्शनानां प्राप्तिर्भक्ष्यभोज्यपेयलेह्यचोष्याणामभ्यवहार्याणां विविधानामुपभोगः स्वदारविहारसन्तोषः कामसुखावाप्तिरिति ॥१२-१८४-१६॥
api cātra mālyābharaṇavastrābhyaṅgagandhopabhoganṛttagītavāditraśrutisukha-nayanābhirāmasaṃdarśanānāṃ prāptirbhakṣyabhojyapeyalehyacoṣyāṇāmabhyavahāryāṇāṃ vividhānāmupabhogaḥ svadāravihārasaṃtoṣaḥ kāmasukhāvāptiriti ॥12-184-16॥
[अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; माल्य (mālya) - garlands; आभरण (ābharaṇa) - ornaments; वस्त्र (vastra) - clothes; अभ्यङ्ग (abhyaṅga) - anointing; गन्ध (gandha) - fragrance; उपभोग (upabhoga) - enjoyment; नृत्त (nṛtta) - dance; गीत (gīta) - song; वादित्र (vāditra) - musical instruments; श्रुति (śruti) - hearing; सुख (sukha) - pleasure; नयन (nayana) - eye; अभिराम (abhirāma) - pleasing; संदर्शनानाम् (saṃdarśanānām) - of sights; प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - attainment; भक्ष्य (bhakṣya) - to be eaten; भोज्य (bhojya) - to be enjoyed as food; पेय (peya) - to be drunk; लेह्य (lehyā) - to be licked; चोष्य (coṣya) - to be sucked; अभ्यवहार्य (abhyavahārya) - to be consumed; विविधानाम् (vividhānām) - of various; उपभोगः (upabhogaḥ) - enjoyment; स्व (sva) - own; दार (dāra) - wife; विहार (vihāra) - recreation; सन्तोषः (saṃtoṣaḥ) - contentment; काम (kāma) - desire; सुख (sukha) - pleasure; अवाप्तिः (avāptiḥ) - attainment; इति (iti) - thus;]
(Also and here garlands ornaments clothes anointing fragrance enjoyment dance song musical instruments hearing pleasure eye pleasing of sights attainment to be eaten to be enjoyed as food to be drunk to be licked to be sucked to be consumed of various enjoyment own wife recreation contentment desire pleasure attainment thus.)
Here, there is also the attainment of garlands, ornaments, clothes, anointing, fragrances, enjoyments, dances, songs, musical instruments, pleasures of hearing, pleasing sights for the eyes, the enjoyment of various foods to be eaten, enjoyed, drunk, licked, sucked, and consumed, contentment in recreation with one's own wife, and the attainment of pleasures of desire—thus.
त्रिवर्गगुणनिर्वृत्तिर्यस्य नित्यं गृहाश्रमे। स सुखान्यनुभूयेह शिष्टानां गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥१२-१८४-१७॥
trivargaguṇanirvṛttiryasya nityaṃ gṛhāśrame। sa sukhānyanubhūyeha śiṣṭānāṃ gatimāpnuyāt ॥12-184-17॥
[त्रिवर्ग (trivarga) - three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); गुण (guṇa) - qualities; निर्वृत्तिः (nirvṛttiḥ) - fulfillment; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; गृहाश्रमे (gṛhāśrame) - in the householder's stage; सः (saḥ) - he; सुखानि (sukhāni) - happinesses; अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; इह (iha) - here; शिष्टानाम् (śiṣṭānām) - of the virtuous; गतिम् (gatim) - path; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may attain;]
(Of whom the fulfillment of the qualities of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma) is always in the householder's stage, he, having experienced happiness here, may attain the path of the virtuous.)
He whose life as a householder is always marked by the fulfillment of the qualities of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma), after enjoying happiness here, may attain the path of the virtuous.
उञ्छवृत्तिर्गृहस्थो यः स्वधर्मचरणे रतः। त्यक्तकामसुखारम्भस्तस्य स्वर्गो न दुर्लभः ॥१२-१८४-१८॥
uñchavṛttirgṛhastho yaḥ svadharmacaraṇe rataḥ। tyaktakāmasukhārambhastasya svargo na durlabhaḥ ॥12-184-18॥
[उञ्छवृत्तिः (uñchavṛttiḥ) - one who lives by gleaning; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; यः (yaḥ) - who; स्वधर्मचरणे (svadharmacaraṇe) - in the practice of one's own duty; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged; त्यक्तकामसुखारम्भः (tyaktakāmasukhārambhaḥ) - who has abandoned the pursuit of pleasure and desire; तस्य (tasya) - for him; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; न (na) - not; दुर्लभः (durlabhaḥ) - difficult to attain;]
(One who lives by gleaning, a householder, who is engaged in the practice of his own duty, who has abandoned the pursuit of pleasure and desire—for him, heaven is not difficult to attain.)
A householder who lives by gleaning, devoted to his own duty and free from the pursuit of pleasure and desire, does not find heaven difficult to attain.
