12.186
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
आचारस्य विधिं तात प्रोच्यमानं त्वयानघ। श्रोतुमिच्छामि धर्मज्ञ सर्वज्ञो ह्यसि मे मतः ॥१२-१८६-१॥
ācārasya vidhiṃ tāta procyamānaṃ tvayānagha। śrotum icchāmi dharmajña sarvajño hy asi me mataḥ ॥12-186-1॥
[आचारस्य (ācārasya) - of conduct; विधिं (vidhiṃ) - procedure; तात (tāta) - O dear; प्रोच्यमानं (procyamānaṃ) - being explained; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - knower of dharma; सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - all-knowing; हि (hi) - indeed; असि (asi) - you are; मे (me) - to me; मतः (mataḥ) - regarded;]
(O dear, the procedure of conduct being explained by you, O sinless one, I wish to hear. Knower of dharma, all-knowing indeed you are regarded by me.)
O dear, I wish to hear the procedure of conduct as explained by you, O sinless one. You are regarded by me as a knower of dharma and all-knowing.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
दुराचारा दुर्विचेष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञाः प्रियसाहसाः। असन्तो ह्यभिविख्याताः सन्तश्चाचारलक्षणाः ॥१२-१८६-२॥
durācārā durviceṣṭā duṣprajñāḥ priyasāhasāḥ। asanto hy abhivikhyātāḥ santaś cācāralakṣaṇāḥ ॥12-186-2॥
[दुराचारा (durācārā) - of bad conduct; दुर्विचेष्टा (durviceṣṭā) - of bad actions; दुष्प्रज्ञाः (duṣprajñāḥ) - of bad understanding; प्रियसाहसाः (priyasāhasāḥ) - fond of rashness; असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the unvirtuous; हि (hi) - indeed; अभिविख्याताः (abhivikhyātāḥ) - well-known; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous; च (ca) - and; आचारलक्षणाः (ācāralakṣaṇāḥ) - characterized by good conduct;]
(Of bad conduct, of bad actions, of bad understanding, fond of rashness—the unvirtuous indeed are well-known; and the virtuous are characterized by good conduct.)
Those of bad conduct, bad actions, and poor understanding, who are fond of rashness, are indeed well-known as the unvirtuous; while the virtuous are recognized by their good conduct.
पुरीषं यदि वा मूत्रं ये न कुर्वन्ति मानवाः। राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये धान्यमध्ये च ते शुभाः ॥१२-१८६-३॥
purīṣaṃ yadi vā mūtraṃ ye na kurvanti mānavāḥ। rājamārge gavāṃ madhye dhānyamadhye ca te śubhāḥ॥12-186-3॥
[पुरीषम् (purīṣam) - excrement; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; मूत्रम् (mūtram) - urine; ये (ye) - those who; न (na) - not; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - do (perform/make); मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; राजमार्गे (rājamārge) - on the royal road; गवां (gavāṃ) - of cows; मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst; धान्यमध्ये (dhānyamadhye) - in the midst of grain; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious;]
(Excrement or urine, those humans who do not do (this) on the royal road, in the midst of cows, in the midst of grain, and they are auspicious.)
Those humans who do not pass excrement or urine on the royal road, among cows, or in the midst of grain are considered auspicious.
शौचमावश्यकं कृत्वा देवतानां च तर्पणम्। धर्ममाहुर्मनुष्याणामुपस्पृश्य नदीं तरेत् ॥१२-१८६-४॥
śaucam āvaśyakam kṛtvā devatānāṃ ca tarpaṇam। dharmam āhur manuṣyāṇām upaspṛśya nadīṃ taret ॥12-186-4॥
[शौचम् (śaucam) - purification; आवश्यकम् (āvaśyakam) - necessary; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the deities; च (ca) - and; तर्पणम् (tarpaṇam) - offering of water; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched (water, i.e., having bathed or purified oneself); नदीम् (nadīm) - river; तरेत् (taret) - should cross;]
(Having necessarily performed purification and the offering of water to the deities, they say righteousness for men is (to) cross the river after having touched (purified oneself with) water.)
One should necessarily perform purification and offer water to the deities; it is said that righteousness for men is to cross the river after having purified oneself.
सूर्यं सदोपतिष्ठेत न स्वप्याद्भास्करोदये। सायं प्रातर्जपन्सन्ध्यां तिष्ठेत्पूर्वां तथापराम् ॥१२-१८६-५॥
sūryaṃ sadopatiṣṭheta na svapyādbhāskarodaye. sāyaṃ prātarjapansandhyāṃ tiṣṭhetpūrvāṃ tathāparām ॥12-186-5॥
[सूर्यं (sūryam) - the Sun; सदा (sadā) - always; उपतिष्ठेत् (upatiṣṭhet) - should attend; न (na) - not; स्वप्यात् (svapyāt) - should sleep; भास्कर (bhāskara) - the Sun; उदये (udaye) - at the rising; सायं (sāyam) - in the evening; प्रातर् (prātar) - in the morning; जपन् (japan) - reciting; सन्ध्यां (sandhyām) - the twilight; तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - should remain; पूर्वां (pūrvām) - the morning; तथा (tathā) - also; पराम् (parām) - the evening;]
(One should always attend to the Sun, not sleep at the rising of Bhāskara. In the evening and morning, reciting the twilight, one should remain at the morning and also at the evening.)
One should always honor the Sun and not sleep at sunrise. In the evening and morning, one should perform the twilight prayers, remaining at both the morning and evening sandhyā.
पञ्चार्द्रो भोजनं कुर्यात्प्राङ्मुखो मौनमास्थितः। न निन्देदन्नभक्ष्यांश्च स्वाद्वस्वादु च भक्षयेत् ॥१२-१८६-६॥
pañcārdro bhojanaṃ kuryāt prāṅmukho maunamāsthitaḥ। na ninded annabhakṣyāṃś ca svādvasvādu ca bhakṣayet ॥12-186-6॥
[पञ्च (pañca) - five; अर्द्रः (ardraḥ) - moist; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east; मौनम् (maunam) - silence; आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having assumed; न (na) - not; निन्देत् (nindet) - should criticize; अन्न (anna) - food; भक्ष्यांश् (bhakṣyāṃś) - edible things; च (ca) - and; स्वादु (svādu) - pleasant-tasting; अस्वादु (asvādu) - unpleasant-tasting; च (ca) - and; भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - should eat;]
(One should eat food that is moist in five ways, facing east, having assumed silence. One should not criticize food or edible things, and should eat both pleasant-tasting and unpleasant-tasting (foods).)
One should eat food that is moist in five ways, sitting silently facing east. One should not criticize food or edible items, and should eat both tasty and tasteless foods.
नार्द्रपाणिः समुत्तिष्ठेन्नार्द्रपादः स्वपेन्निशि। देवर्षिनारदप्रोक्तमेतदाचारलक्षणम् ॥१२-१८६-७॥
nārdrapāṇiḥ samuttiṣṭhen nārdrapādaḥ svapen niśi। devarṣi-nārada-proktam etad ācāra-lakṣaṇam ॥12-186-7॥
[नार्द्रपाणिः (nārdrapāṇiḥ) - not-wet-handed; समुत्तिष्ठेत् (samuttiṣṭhet) - should rise; नार्द्रपादः (nārdrapādaḥ) - not-wet-footed; स्वपेत् (svapet) - should sleep; निशि (niśi) - at night; देवर्षि-नारद-प्रोक्तम् (devarṣi-nārada-proktam) - spoken by the divine sage Nārada; एतत् (etat) - this; आचार-लक्षणम् (ācāra-lakṣaṇam) - mark of conduct;]
(Not-wet-handed should rise, not-wet-footed should sleep at night. This is the mark of conduct spoken by the divine sage Nārada.)
One should rise without wet hands and sleep at night without wet feet; this is the rule of conduct as stated by the divine sage Nārada.
शुचिकाममनड्वाहं देवगोष्ठं चतुष्पथम्। ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैव नित्यं कुर्यात्प्रदक्षिणम् ॥१२-१८६-८॥
śucikāmamanadvāhaṃ devagoṣṭhaṃ catuṣpatham। brāhmaṇaṃ dhārmikaṃ caiva nityaṃ kuryātpradakṣiṇam ॥12-186-8॥
[शुचिकामम् (śucikāmam) - pure-desiring; (one who desires purity; śuci - pure, kāma - desire;) अनड्वाहम् (anadvāham) - bullock-cart; (anad - bull, vāha - vehicle;) देवगोष्ठम् (devagoṣṭham) - temple; (deva - god, goṣṭha - enclosure;) चतुष्पथम् (catuṣpatham) - crossroads; (catuḥ - four, patha - path;) ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; (a member of the priestly class;) धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - righteous; (dharman - dharma, righteous;) च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation; (pra - forward, dakṣiṇa - right; to go around keeping to the right; );]
(Pure-desiring, bullock-cart, temple, crossroads, brāhmaṇa, righteous and indeed always should do circumambulation.)
One should always circumambulate a bullock-cart desiring purity, a temple, a crossroads, and a righteous brāhmaṇa.
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च। सामान्यं भोजनं भृत्यैः पुरुषस्य प्रशस्यते ॥१२-१८६-९॥
atithīnāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ preṣyāṇāṃ svajanasya ca। sāmānyaṃ bhojanaṃ bhṛtyaiḥ puruṣasya praśasyate ॥12-186-9॥
[अतिथीनाम् (atithīnāṃ) - of guests; च (ca) - and; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; प्रेष्याणाम् (preṣyāṇām) - of servants; स्वजनस्य (svajanasya) - of one's own people; च (ca) - and; सामान्यम् (sāmānyam) - common; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food; भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - by dependents; पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a man; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised;]
(Of guests and of all, of servants, of one's own people and, common food by dependents of a man is praised.)
It is considered commendable for a man that the same food is served to guests, all people, servants, and his own family by his dependents.
सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं देवनिर्मितम्। नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासी तथा भवेत् ॥१२-१८६-१०॥
sāyaṃ prātar-manuṣyāṇām-aśanaṃ deva-nirmitam। nāntarā bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭam-upavāsī tathā bhavet ॥12-186-10॥
[सायम् (sāyam) - evening; प्रातः (prātaḥ) - morning; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of humans; अशनम् (aśanam) - eating; देवनिर्मितम् (deva-nirmitam) - created by the gods; न (na) - not; अन्तरा (antarā) - in between; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - eating; दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - is seen; उपवासी (upavāsī) - one who fasts; तथा (tathā) - thus; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(Evening and morning eating of humans is created by the gods. Eating in between is not seen; thus, one who fasts should be so.)
Eating in the evening and morning is ordained by the gods for humans. Eating at other times is not approved; thus, one should fast accordingly.
होमकाले तथा जुह्वन्नृतुकाले तथा व्रजन्। अनन्यस्त्रीजनः प्राज्ञो ब्रह्मचारी तथा भवेत् ॥१२-१८६-११॥
homakāle tathā juhvannṛtukāle tathā vrajan। ananyastrījanaḥ prājño brahmacārī tathā bhavet ॥12-186-11॥
[होमकाले (homakāle) - at the time of offering oblations; तथा (tathā) - also; जुह्वन् (juhvan) - offering (oblations); ऋतुकाले (ṛtukāle) - at the time of the season (menstrual period); तथा (tathā) - also; व्रजन् (vrajan) - going (approaching); अनन्यस्त्रीजनः (ananyastrījanaḥ) - not with other women; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate; तथा (tathā) - also; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(At the time of offering oblations, also offering, at the time of the season, also approaching, not with other women, the wise celibate also should be.)
A wise celibate should approach (his wife) only at the time of offering oblations and at the proper season, and not with other women.
अमृतं ब्राह्मणोच्छिष्टं जनन्या हृदयं कृतम्। उपासीत जनः सत्यं सत्यं सन्त उपासते ॥१२-१८६-१२॥
amṛtaṃ brāhmaṇocchiṣṭaṃ jananyā hṛdayaṃ kṛtam। upāsīta janaḥ satyaṃ satyaṃ santa upāsate ॥12-186-12॥
[अमृतं (amṛtam) - nectar; immortal; ब्राह्मणोच्छिष्टं (brāhmaṇocchiṣṭam) - remnants of a Brāhmaṇa; जनन्या (jananyā) - by the mother; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - heart; कृतम् (kṛtam) - made; done; उपासीत (upāsīta) - should worship; should revere; जनः (janaḥ) - person; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; सन्त (santa) - good people; the virtuous; उपासते (upāsate) - worship; revere;]
(Nectar, remnants of a Brāhmaṇa, the heart made by the mother—one should worship; a person (should worship) truth; truth is worshipped by the virtuous.)
Nectar, the remnants of a Brāhmaṇa, and the heart given by the mother are to be revered; a person should worship truth, for the virtuous worship truth.
यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसं निवृत्तो मांसभक्षणात्। न भक्षयेद्वृथामांसं पृष्ठमांसं च वर्जयेत् ॥१२-१८६-१३॥
yajuṣā saṃskṛtaṃ māṃsaṃ nivṛtto māṃsabhakṣaṇāt। na bhakṣayed vṛthāmāṃsaṃ pṛṣṭhamāṃsaṃ ca varjayet ॥12-186-13॥
[यजुषा (yajuṣā) - by Vedic ritual; संस्कृतं (saṃskṛtam) - purified; मांसं (māṃsam) - meat; निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - ceased; मांसभक्षणात् (māṃsabhakṣaṇāt) - from eating meat; न (na) - not; भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - should eat; वृथामांसं (vṛthāmāṃsam) - useless meat; पृष्ठमांसं (pṛṣṭhamāṃsam) - back meat; च (ca) - and; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid;]
(One who has ceased from eating meat by Vedic ritual, purified meat, should not eat useless meat, and should avoid back meat.)
Having renounced eating meat through Vedic ritual purification, one should not eat useless meat and should avoid the meat from the back.
स्वदेशे परदेशे वा अतिथिं नोपवासयेत्। काम्यं कर्मफलं लब्ध्वा गुरूणामुपपादयेत् ॥१२-१८६-१४॥
svadeśe paradeśe vā atithiṃ nopavāsayet। kāmyaṃ karmaphalaṃ labdhvā gurūṇāmupapādayet ॥12-186-14॥
[स्वदेशे (svadeśe) - in one's own country; परदेशे (paradeśe) - in a foreign country; वा (vā) - or; अतिथिं (atithiṃ) - guest; न (na) - not; उपवासयेत् (upavāsayet) - should cause to fast; काम्यं (kāmyaṃ) - desired; कर्मफलं (karmaphalaṃ) - fruit of action; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - to the teachers; उपपादयेत् (upapādayet) - should offer;]
(In one's own country, in a foreign country, or, a guest, not should cause to fast. Desired fruit of action having obtained, to the teachers should offer.)
Whether in one's own country or in a foreign land, one should not allow a guest to fast. Having obtained the desired fruit of action, one should offer it to the teachers.
गुरुभ्य आसनं देयं कर्तव्यं चाभिवादनम्। गुरूनभ्यर्च्य युज्यन्ते आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥१२-१८६-१५॥
gurubhya āsanaṃ deyaṃ kartavyaṃ cābhivādanam। gurūn abhyarcya yujyante āyuṣā yaśasā śriyā ॥12-186-15॥
[गुरुभ्यः (gurubhyaḥ) - to the teachers; आसनम् (āsanam) - seat; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done; च (ca) - and; अभिवादनम् (abhivādanam) - salutation; गुरून् (gurūn) - the teachers; अभ्यर्च्य (abhyarcya) - having worshipped; युज्यन्ते (yujyante) - are endowed; आयुषा (āyuṣā) - with longevity; यशसा (yaśasā) - with fame; श्रिया (śriyā) - with prosperity;]
(To the teachers, a seat should be given, and salutation should be done. Having worshipped the teachers, one is endowed with longevity, fame, and prosperity.)
A seat should be offered to the teachers and salutations performed. By worshipping the teachers, one attains long life, fame, and prosperity.
नेक्षेतादित्यमुद्यन्तं न च नग्नां परस्त्रियम्। मैथुनं समये धर्म्यं गुह्यं चैव समाचरेत् ॥१२-१८६-१६॥
nekṣetādityamudyantaṃ na ca nagnāṃ parastriyam। maithunaṃ samaye dharmyaṃ guhyaṃ caiva samācaret ॥12-186-16॥
[नेक्षेत (nekṣeta) - should not look at; आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun; उद्यन्तम् (udyantam) - rising; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; नग्नाम् (nagnām) - naked; परस्त्रियम् (parastriyam) - another's wife; मैथुनम् (maithunam) - sexual union; समये (samaye) - at the proper time; धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - in accordance with dharma; गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should perform;]
(One should not look at the rising sun, nor at a naked woman who is another's wife. Sexual union should be performed at the proper time, in accordance with dharma, and secretly indeed.)
One should not gaze at the rising sun or at a naked woman who is another's wife. Sexual union should be performed at the proper time, in accordance with dharma, and in secrecy.
तीर्थानां हृदयं तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचिः। सर्वमार्यकृतं शौचं वालसंस्पर्शनानि च ॥१२-१८६-१७॥
tīrthānāṃ hṛdayaṃ tīrthaṃ śucīnām hṛdayaṃ śuciḥ। sarvamāryakṛtaṃ śaucaṃ vālasansparśanāni ca॥12-186-17॥
[तीर्थानाम् (tīrthānām) - of sacred places; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - the heart; तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - is the sacred place; शुचीनाम् (śucīnām) - of the pure ones; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - the heart; शुचिः (śuciḥ) - is pure; सर्व (sarva) - all; आर्यकृतम् (āryakṛtam) - done by the noble ones; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; वाल (vāla) - of hair; संस्पर्शनानि (saṃsparśanāni) - touchings; च (ca) - and;]
(Of sacred places, the heart is the sacred place; of the pure ones, the heart is pure. All purity done by the noble ones and the touchings of hair.)
The heart is the true sacred place among all holy places; the heart is pure among the pure. All acts of purity performed by the noble and even the touchings of hair are considered pure.
दर्शने दर्शने नित्यं सुखप्रश्नमुदाहरेत्। सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां प्रदिष्टमभिवादनम् ॥१२-१८६-१८॥
darśane darśane nityaṃ sukhapraśnamudāharet। sāyaṃ prātaśca viprāṇāṃ pradiṣṭamabhivādanam ॥12-186-18॥
[दर्शने (darśane) - at the sight; दर्शने (darśane) - at the sight; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; सुखप्रश्नम् (sukhapraśnam) - well-being-question; उदाहरेत् (udāharet) - should utter; सायं (sāyaṃ) - in the evening; प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning; च (ca) - and; विप्राणां (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; प्रदिष्टम् (pradiṣṭam) - prescribed; अभिवादनम् (abhivādanam) - salutation;]
(At the sight at the sight always well-being-question should utter. In the evening and in the morning of the Brāhmaṇas prescribed salutation.)
One should always ask about well-being at every meeting. In the evening and morning, the prescribed salutation to Brāhmaṇas should be offered.
देवगोष्ठे गवां मध्ये ब्राह्मणानां क्रियापथे। स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत् ॥१२-१८६-१९॥
devagoṣṭhe gavāṃ madhye brāhmaṇānāṃ kriyāpathe। svādhyāye bhojane caiva dakṣiṇaṃ pāṇim uddharet ॥12-186-19॥
[देवगोष्ठे (devagoṣṭhe) - in the assembly of gods; गवां (gavāṃ) - of cows; मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst; ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānāṃ) - of Brāhmaṇas; क्रियापथे (kriyāpathe) - on the path of ritual acts; स्वाध्याये (svādhyāye) - in self-study; भोजने (bhojane) - in eating; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दक्षिणं (dakṣiṇam) - the right; पाणिम् (pāṇim) - hand; उद्धरेत् (uddharet) - should raise;]
(In the assembly of gods, in the midst of cows, on the path of ritual acts of Brāhmaṇas, in self-study, and in eating indeed, one should raise the right hand.)
One should raise the right hand in the assembly of gods, among cows, on the path of Brāhmaṇas' rituals, during self-study, and while eating.
पण्यानां शोभनं पण्यं कृषीणां बाद्यते कृषिः। बहुकारं च सस्यानां वाह्ये वाह्यं तथा गवाम् ॥१२-१८६-२०॥
paṇyānāṃ śobhanaṃ paṇyaṃ kṛṣīṇāṃ bādyate kṛṣiḥ। bahukāraṃ ca sasyānāṃ vāhye vāhyaṃ tathā gavām ॥12-186-20॥
[पण्यानाम् (paṇyānām) - of goods; शोभनम् (śobhanam) - excellent; पण्यम् (paṇyam) - merchandise; कृषीणाम् (kṛṣīṇām) - of farmers; बाद्यते (bādyate) - is oppressed; कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture; बहुकारम् (bahukāram) - of much value; च (ca) - and; सस्यानाम् (sasyānām) - of crops; वाह्ये (vāhye) - in the external; वाह्यम् (vāhyam) - external; तथा (tathā) - likewise; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows;]
(Of goods, excellent merchandise; of farmers, agriculture is oppressed. Of crops, much value; in the external, external likewise of cows.)
Excellent merchandise is the wealth of goods; agriculture is oppressed for the farmers. Crops are of much value; externally, the same applies to cows.
सम्पन्नं भोजने नित्यं पानीये तर्पणं तथा। सुशृतं पायसे ब्रूयाद्यवाग्वां कृसरे तथा ॥१२-१८६-२१॥
sampannaṃ bhojane nityaṃ pānīye tarpaṇaṃ tathā। suśṛtaṃ pāyase brūyādyavāgvāṃ kṛsare tathā ॥12-186-21॥
[सम्पन्नं (sampannaṃ) - accomplished; complete; भोजने (bhojane) - in food; in eating; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; constantly; पानीये (pānīye) - in drink; in water; तर्पणं (tarpaṇam) - satisfaction; offering; तथा (tathā) - likewise; also; सुशृतं (suśṛtam) - well-cooked; well-prepared; पायसे (pāyase) - in milk-rice; in sweet rice; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say; should utter; यवाग्वां (yavāgvām) - in barley-gruel; in barley-porridge; कृसरे (kṛsare) - in krisara (a dish of rice and pulses); तथा (tathā) - likewise; also;]
(Accomplished in food always, in drink satisfaction likewise; well-cooked in milk-rice should say, in barley-gruel, in krisara likewise.)
One should always ensure completeness in food, satisfaction in drink, and likewise; one should say the same for well-cooked milk-rice, barley-gruel, and krisara.
श्मश्रुकर्मणि सम्प्राप्ते क्षुते स्नानेऽथ भोजने। व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुष्यमभिनन्दनम् ॥१२-१८६-२२॥
śmaśrukarmaṇi samprāpte kṣute snāne'tha bhojane| vyādhitānāṃ ca sarveṣām āyuṣyam abhinandanam ॥12-186-22॥
[श्मश्रुकर्मणि (śmaśrukarmaṇi) - in the act of shaving; सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when arrived; क्षुते (kṣute) - when hungry; स्नाने (snāne) - in bathing; अथ (atha) - then; भोजने (bhojane) - in eating; व्याधितानाम् (vyādhitānām) - of the sick; च (ca) - and; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; आयुष्यम् (āyuṣyam) - long-life-bestowing; अभिनन्दनम् (abhinandanam) - greeting;]
(In the act of shaving, when arrived, when hungry, in bathing, then in eating, of the sick and of all, greeting for long life.)
One should offer a greeting for long life to all, especially the sick, when engaged in shaving, when hungry, during bathing, and at meals.
प्रत्यादित्यं न मेहेत न पश्येदात्मनः शकृत्। सुतस्त्रिया च शयनं सहभोज्यं च वर्जयेत् ॥१२-१८६-२३॥
pratyādityaṃ na meheta na paśyed ātmanaḥ śakṛt। sutastriyā ca śayanaṃ sahabhojyaṃ ca varjayet ॥12-186-23॥
[प्रत्यादित्यं (pratyādityam) - towards the sun; न (na) - not; मेहेत (meheta) - should urinate; न (na) - not; पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - one's own; शकृत् (śakṛt) - excrement; सुतस्त्रिया (sutastriyā) - with son and wife; च (ca) - and; शयनं (śayanam) - bed; सहभोज्यं (sahabhojyaṃ) - shared food; च (ca) - and; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid;]
(One should not urinate facing the sun, nor should one look at one's own excrement. One should avoid sharing a bed or food with one's wife or son.)
One must not urinate facing the sun, nor look at one's own excrement. Sharing a bed or food with one's wife or son should be avoided.
त्वङ्कारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत्। अवराणां समानानामुभयेषां न दुष्यति ॥१२-१८६-२४॥
tvaṅkāraṃ nāmadheyaṃ ca jyeṣṭhānāṃ parivarjayet। avarāṇāṃ samānānāmubhayēṣāṃ na duṣyati ॥12-186-24॥
[त्वङ्कारम् (tvaṅkāram) - the name 'Tvaṅkāra'; नामधेयम् (nāmadheyam) - name; designation; च (ca) - and; ज्येष्ठानाम् (jyeṣṭhānām) - of elders; of seniors; परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - should avoid; अवराणाम् (avarāṇām) - of juniors; समानानाम् (samānānām) - of equals; उभयेषाम् (ubhayēṣām) - of both; न (na) - not; दुष्यति (duṣyati) - is faulty; is wrong;]
(The name 'Tvaṅkāra' and designation should be avoided for elders; for juniors, for equals, for both, it is not faulty.)
The name 'Tvaṅkāra' should not be used for elders, but using it for juniors or equals is not considered wrong.
हृदयं पापवृत्तानां पापमाख्याति वैकृतम्। ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ॥१२-१८६-२५॥
hṛdayaṃ pāpavṛttānāṃ pāpamākhyāti vaikṛtam। jñānapūrvaṃ vinaśyanti gūhamānā mahājane ॥12-186-25॥
[हृदयं (hṛdayam) - heart; पापवृत्तानाम् (pāpavṛttānām) - of those with sinful conduct; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; आख्याति (ākhyāti) - declares; वैकृतम् (vaikṛtam) - distorted; ज्ञानपूर्वम् (jñānapūrvam) - with prior knowledge; विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - are destroyed; गूहमानाः (gūhamānāḥ) - concealing; महाजने (mahājane) - among great people;]
(The heart of those with sinful conduct declares the distorted sin; concealing (it) with prior knowledge, they are destroyed among great people.)
The hearts of the wicked reveal their distorted sins; even when they try to hide them knowingly, they are ruined among the noble.
ज्ञानपूर्वं कृतं पापं छादयन्त्यबहुश्रुताः। नैनं मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति पश्यन्ति त्रिदिवौकसः ॥१२-१८६-२६॥
jñānapūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ chādayantyabahuśrutāḥ। nainaṃ manuṣyāḥ paśyanti paśyanti tridivaukasah ॥12-186-26॥
[ज्ञानपूर्वम् (jñānapūrvam) - preceded by knowledge; कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; छादयन्ति (chādayanti) - cover; अबहुश्रुताः (abahuśrutāḥ) - those not much learned; न (na) - not; एनम् (enam) - this; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; त्रिदिवौकसः (tridivaukasah) - the dwellers of heaven;]
(The sin done with prior knowledge is covered by those not much learned; men do not see this, but the dwellers of heaven see.)
The sin committed knowingly is concealed by the unlearned; ordinary people do not perceive it, but the dwellers of heaven do.
पापेन हि कृतं पापं पापमेवानुवर्तते। धार्मिकेण कृतो धर्मः कर्तारमनुवर्तते ॥१२-१८६-२७॥
pāpena hi kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ pāpamevānuvartate। dhārmikeṇa kṛto dharmaḥ kartāramanuvartate ॥12-186-27॥
[पापेन (pāpena) - by sin; हि (hi) - indeed; कृतं (kṛtam) - done; पापं (pāpam) - sin; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; एव (eva) - only; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows; धार्मिकेण (dhārmikeṇa) - by the righteous; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the doer; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows;]
(By sin indeed, the sin that is done, only sin follows. By the righteous, the righteousness that is done, follows the doer.)
Indeed, a sinful act done by sin leads only to more sin; a righteous act done by the righteous follows the doer.
पापं कृतं न स्मरतीह मूढो; विवर्तमानस्य तदेति कर्तुः। राहुर्यथा चन्द्रमुपैति चापि; तथाबुधं पापमुपैति कर्म ॥१२-१८६-२८॥
pāpaṃ kṛtaṃ na smaratīha mūḍho; vivartamānasya tadeti kartuḥ. rāhuryathā candramupaiti cāpi; tathābudhaṃ pāpamupaiti karma ॥12-186-28॥
[पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; कृतं (kṛtam) - done; न (na) - not; स्मरति (smarati) - remembers; इह (iha) - here; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded person; विवर्तमानस्य (vivartamānasya) - of the one who is revolving (in saṃsāra); तत् (tat) - that; एति (eti) - goes to; कर्तुः (kartuḥ) - of the doer; राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rāhu (the eclipse demon); यथा (yathā) - just as; चन्द्रम् (candram) - the moon; उपैति (upaiti) - approaches; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; तथा (tathā) - so; अबुधं (abudham) - the ignorant; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; उपैति (upaiti) - approaches; कर्म (karma) - action;]
(The deluded here does not remember the sin done; that goes to the doer who is revolving (in saṃsāra). Just as Rāhu approaches the moon, so also sin approaches the ignorant due to action.)
A deluded person here does not remember the sin he has committed; that sin attaches to the doer who continues in saṃsāra. Just as Rāhu approaches the moon, so too does sin approach the ignorant because of their actions.
आशया सञ्चितं द्रव्यं यत्काले नेह भुज्यते। तद्बुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मरणं न प्रतीक्षते ॥१२-१८६-२९॥
āśayā sañcitaṃ dravyaṃ yatkāle neha bhujyate. tadbudhā na praśaṃsanti maraṇaṃ na pratīkṣate ॥12-186-29॥
[आशया (āśayā) - by hope; सञ्चितं (sañcitaṃ) - accumulated; द्रव्यं (dravyaṃ) - wealth; यत् (yat) - which; काले (kāle) - at the time; न (na) - not; इह (iha) - here; भुज्यते (bhujyate) - is enjoyed; तत् (tat) - that; बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise; न (na) - not; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṃsanti) - praise; मरणं (maraṇam) - death; न (na) - not; प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits for;]
(Wealth accumulated by hope, which at the time is not enjoyed here, that the wise do not praise, nor do they wait for death.)
The wise do not praise wealth that is accumulated out of hope but not enjoyed at the proper time; nor do they wait for death.
मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। तस्मात्सर्वेषु भूतेषु मनसा शिवमाचरेत् ॥१२-१८६-३०॥
mānasaṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। tasmāt sarveṣu bhūteṣu manasā śivam ācaret ॥12-186-30॥
[मानसं (mānasaṃ) - mental; of the mind; सर्वभूतानां (sarvabhūtānāṃ) - of all beings; धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty; righteousness; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; sages; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - beings; मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; शिवम् (śivam) - good; auspicious; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice;]
(The wise say that mental (action) is the duty of all beings; therefore, towards all beings, one should practice good by the mind.)
The wise declare that the mental attitude is the true duty of all beings; therefore, one should cultivate goodwill in thought towards all creatures.
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं नास्ति धर्मे सहायता। केवलं विधिमासाद्य सहायः किं करिष्यति ॥१२-१८६-३१॥
eka eva cared dharmaṃ nāsti dharme sahāyatā। kevalaṃ vidhim āsādya sahāyaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ॥12-186-31॥
[एक (eka) - one; एव (eva) - indeed; चरेत् (cared) - should practice; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; सहायता (sahāyatā) - assistance; केवलं (kevalaṃ) - only; विधिम् (vidhim) - rule; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having attained; सहायः (sahāyaḥ) - helper; किं (kiṃ) - what; करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will do;]
(One indeed should practice dharma; there is not assistance in dharma. Only having attained the rule, what will a helper do?)
One should practice dharma alone; there is no assistance in dharma. If one has attained the rule, what use is a helper?
देवा योनिर्मनुष्याणां देवानाममृतं दिवि। प्रेत्यभावे सुखं धर्माच्छश्वत्तैरुपभुज्यते ॥१२-१८६-३२॥
devā yonir manuṣyāṇāṃ devānām amṛtaṃ divi। pretyabhāve sukhaṃ dharmāt śaśvat tair upabhujyate ॥12-186-32॥
[देवा (devā) - gods; योनिः (yoniḥ) - origin; source; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; अमृतम् (amṛtam) - immortality; nectar; दिवि (divi) - in heaven; प्रेत्यभावे (pretyabhāve) - in the state after death; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; pleasure; धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from dharma; from righteousness; शश्वत् (śaśvat) - eternal; perpetual; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; उपभुज्यते (upabhujyate) - is enjoyed; is experienced;]
(The gods are the origin of men; for the gods, immortality is in heaven. In the state after death, happiness from dharma is eternally enjoyed by them.)
The gods are the source of mankind; for the gods, immortality is in heaven. After death, happiness resulting from righteousness is eternally enjoyed by them.
