12.283
पराशर उवाच॥
parāśara uvāca॥
[पराशर (parāśara) - Parāśara; (a sage's name); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Parāśara said;)
Parāśara said.
प्रतिग्रहागता विप्रे क्षत्रिये शस्त्रनिर्जिताः। वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताश्चैव शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिताः ॥ स्वल्पाप्यर्थाः प्रशस्यन्ते धर्मस्यार्थे महाफलाः ॥१२-२८३-१॥
pratigrahāgatā vipre kṣatriye śastranirjitāḥ। vaiśye nyāyārjitāścaiva śūdre śuśrūṣayārjitāḥ ॥ svalpāpyarthāḥ praśasyante dharmasyārthe mahāphalāḥ ॥12-283-1॥
[प्रतिग्रहागता (pratigrahāgatā) - obtained by receiving; विप्रे (vipre) - in a brāhmaṇa; क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - in a kṣatriya; शस्त्रनिर्जिताः (śastranirjitāḥ) - won by weapons; वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in a vaiśya; न्यायार्जिताः (nyāyārjitāḥ) - acquired by justice; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शूद्रे (śūdre) - in a śūdra; शुश्रूषया (śuśrūṣayā) - by service; अर्जिताः (arjitāḥ) - acquired; स्वल्पाः (svalpāḥ) - small; अपि (api) - even; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealths; प्रशस्यन्ते (praśasyante) - are praised; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake; महाफलाः (mahāphalāḥ) - great fruits;]
(Obtained by receiving in a brāhmaṇa, won by weapons in a kṣatriya, acquired by justice indeed in a vaiśya, by service acquired in a śūdra. Even small wealths are praised for the sake of dharma, (they are) of great fruits.)
For a brāhmaṇa, wealth obtained by receiving; for a kṣatriya, wealth won by weapons; for a vaiśya, wealth acquired by justice; for a śūdra, wealth acquired by service— even small amounts of wealth, when used for dharma, are highly praised and yield great results.
नित्यं त्रयाणां वर्णानां शूद्रः शुश्रूषुरुच्यते। क्षत्रधर्मा वैश्यधर्मा नावृत्तिः पतति द्विजः ॥ शूद्रकर्मा यदा तु स्यात्तदा पतति वै द्विजः ॥१२-२८३-२॥
nityaṃ trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ śūdraḥ śuśrūṣur ucyate। kṣatradharmā vaiśyadharmā nāvṛttiḥ patati dvijaḥ ॥ śūdrakarmā yadā tu syāt tadā patati vai dvijaḥ ॥12-283-2॥
[नित्यं (nityam) - always; त्रयाणां (trayāṇām) - of the three; वर्णानां (varṇānām) - of the castes; शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - the śūdra; शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - servant; attendant; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; क्षत्रधर्मा (kṣatradharmā) - having the duty of a kṣatriya; वैश्यधर्मा (vaiśyadharmā) - having the duty of a vaiśya; न (na) - not; आवृत्तिः (āvṛttiḥ) - practice; occupation; पतति (patati) - falls; degrades; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born; शूद्रकर्मा (śūdrakarmā) - engaged in śūdra's work; यदा (yadā) - when; तु (tu) - but; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; becomes; तदा (tadā) - then; पतति (patati) - falls; degrades; वै (vai) - indeed; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born;]
(Always, of the three castes, the śūdra is called a servant. If a twice-born does not practice the duty of a kṣatriya or vaiśya, he falls. When the twice-born engages in śūdra's work, then indeed he falls.)
A śūdra is always regarded as the servant of the three castes. If a twice-born does not follow the duties of a kṣatriya or vaiśya, he falls from his status. When a twice-born performs the work of a śūdra, then indeed he falls from his position.
वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यं च तथा शिल्पोपजीवनम्। शूद्रस्यापि विधीयन्ते यदा वृत्तिर्न जायते ॥१२-२८३-३॥
vāṇijyaṃ pāśupālyaṃ ca tathā śilpopajīvanam। śūdrasyāpi vidhīyante yadā vṛttir na jāyate॥12-283-3॥
[वाणिज्यं (vāṇijyam) - trade; पाशुपाल्यं (pāśupālyam) - animal husbandry; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; शिल्पोपजीवनम् (śilpopajīvanam) - living by crafts; शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra; अपि (api) - even; विधीयन्ते (vidhīyante) - are prescribed; यदा (yadā) - when; वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - means of livelihood; न (na) - not; जायते (jāyate) - arises;]
(Trade, animal husbandry, and also living by crafts are prescribed even for the Śūdra when a means of livelihood does not arise.)
When a means of livelihood does not arise, trade, animal husbandry, and living by crafts are also prescribed even for the Śūdra.
रङ्गावतरणं चैव तथा रूपोपजीवनम्। मद्यमांसोपजीव्यं च विक्रयो लोहचर्मणोः ॥१२-२८३-४॥
raṅgāvataraṇaṃ caiva tathā rūpopajīvanam। madyamāṃsopajīvyam ca vikrayo lohacarmaṇoḥ ॥12-283-4॥
[रङ्गावतरणम् (raṅgāvataraṇam) - the act of dyeing; descent of color; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; रूपोपजीवनम् (rūpopajīvanam) - subsisting on beauty; living by appearance; मद्य (madya) - liquor; मांस (māṃsa) - meat; उपजीव्यं (upajīvyam) - to be subsisted on; to be lived by; च (ca) - and; विक्रयः (vikrayaḥ) - sale; selling; लोह (loha) - iron; चर्मणोः (carmaṇoḥ) - of skin; of leather;]
(The act of dyeing and likewise subsisting on beauty, subsisting on liquor and meat, and the sale of iron and leather.)
Dyeing, living by appearance, dealing in liquor and meat, and the sale of iron and leather.
अपूर्विणा न कर्तव्यं कर्म लोके विगर्हितम्। कृतपूर्विणस्तु त्यजतो महान्धर्म इति श्रुतिः ॥१२-२८३-५॥
apūrviṇā na kartavyaṃ karma loke vigarhitam। kṛtapūrviṇastu tyajato mahāndharma iti śrutiḥ ॥12-283-5॥
[अपूर्विणा (apūrviṇā) - by one who has not done before; न (na) - not; कर्तव्यं (kartavyam) - to be done; कर्म (karma) - action; लोके (loke) - in the world; विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - condemned; कृतपूर्विणः (kṛtapūrviṇaḥ) - by one who has done before; तु (tu) - but; त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - of one who abandons; महान् (mahān) - great; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - the scripture says;]
(By one who has not done before, action condemned in the world is not to be done; but by one who has done before, of one who abandons, great dharma—thus the scripture says.)
One who has not previously performed an act should not do actions condemned by the world; but for one who has done so before, it is great dharma to abandon them—so says the scripture.
संसिद्धः पुरुषो लोके यदाचरति पापकम्। मदेनाभिप्लुतमनास्तच्च नग्राह्यमुच्यते ॥१२-२८३-६॥
saṃsiddhaḥ puruṣo loke yadācarati pāpakam। madenābhiplutamanāstacca nagrāhyamucyate ॥12-283-6॥
[संसिद्धः (saṃsiddhaḥ) - perfected; accomplished; attained; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; person; लोके (loke) - in the world; यत् (yat) - which; what; आचरति (ācarati) - acts; performs; पापकम् (pāpakam) - evil; sinful act; मदेन (madena) - by pride; by arrogance; अभिप्लुत (abhipluta) - overwhelmed; flooded; मनाः (manāḥ) - mind; तत् (tat) - that; न (na) - not; ग्रह्यम् (grāhyam) - to be accepted; to be taken; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; is declared;]
(The perfected man in the world, whatever evil act he performs, with a mind overwhelmed by pride, that is said not to be accepted.)
It is said that if a perfected person in the world, with a mind overwhelmed by pride, commits an evil act, that act should not be accepted.
श्रूयन्ते हि पुराणे वै प्रजा धिग्दण्डशासनाः। दान्ता धर्मप्रधानाश्च न्यायधर्मानुवर्तकाः ॥१२-२८३-७॥
śrūyante hi purāṇe vai prajā dhigdaṇḍaśāsanāḥ। dāntā dharmapradhānāśca nyāyadharmānuvartakāḥ ॥12-283-7॥
[श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - are heard; (they) are reported; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; पुराणे (purāṇe) - in the Purāṇa; in the ancient text; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; people; धिग् (dhig) - condemnation; reproach; दण्डशासनाः (daṇḍaśāsanāḥ) - those ruled by punishment; governed by rod; दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-restrained; subdued; धर्मप्रधानाः (dharmapradhānāḥ) - having dharma as foremost; righteousness-prioritizing; च (ca) - and; न्यायधर्मानुवर्तकाः (nyāyadharmānuvartakāḥ) - followers of justice and dharma;]
(Indeed, it is heard in the Purāṇa: 'Condemnation to the people ruled by punishment; (but) self-restrained, righteousness-prioritizing, and followers of justice and dharma.')
It is said in the Purāṇa: 'Condemnation to those people who are governed by punishment; but those who are self-restrained, prioritize righteousness, and follow justice and dharma are praised.'
धर्म एव सदा नॄणामिह राजन्प्रशस्यते। धर्मवृद्धा गुणानेव सेवन्ते हि नरा भुवि ॥१२-२८३-८॥
dharma eva sadā nṝṇām iha rājan praśasyate। dharmavṛddhā guṇān eva sevante hi narā bhuvi ॥12-283-8॥
[धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; एव (eva) - indeed; सदा (sadā) - always; नॄणाम् (nṝṇām) - of men; इह (iha) - here; राजन् (rājan) - O king; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; धर्मवृद्धाः (dharmavṛddhāḥ) - those advanced in righteousness; गुणान् (guṇān) - virtues; एव (eva) - indeed; सेवन्ते (sevante) - associate with; हि (hi) - indeed; नराः (narāḥ) - men; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth;]
(Righteousness indeed always is praised here among men, O king. Those advanced in righteousness indeed associate with virtues, men on earth indeed.)
O king, righteousness is always praised among men here. Men who are advanced in righteousness indeed associate only with virtues on earth.
तं धर्ममसुरास्तात नामृष्यन्त जनाधिप। विवर्धमानाः क्रमशस्तत्र तेऽन्वाविशन्प्रजाः ॥१२-२८३-९॥
taṃ dharmam asurās tāta nāmṛśyanta janādhipa। vivardhamānāḥ kramaśas tatra te'nvāviśan prajāḥ ॥12-283-9॥
[तं (taṃ) - that; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; असुराः (asurāḥ) - asuras; तात (tāta) - O father; न (na) - not; अमृष्यन्त (amṛśyanta) - endured; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of people; विवर्धमानाः (vivardhamānāḥ) - growing; क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - gradually; तत्र (tatra) - there; ते (te) - they; अन्वाविशन् (anvāviśan) - entered after; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings;]
(That dharma, O father, the asuras did not endure, O lord of people. Growing gradually there, those beings entered after.)
O father, the asuras could not tolerate that dharma, O lord of people. As those beings gradually increased there, they entered after.
तेषां दर्पः समभवत्प्रजानां धर्मनाशनः। दर्पात्मनां ततः क्रोधः पुनस्तेषामजायत ॥१२-२८३-१०॥
teṣāṃ darpaḥ samabhavat prajānāṃ dharmanāśanaḥ। darpātmanāṃ tataḥ krodhaḥ punas teṣām ajāyata ॥12-283-10॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance; समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people; धर्मनाशनः (dharmanāśanaḥ) - destroyer of dharma; दर्पात्मनाम् (darpātmanām) - of those whose nature is arrogance; ततः (tataḥ) - then; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अजायत (ajāyata) - arose;]
(Of them, arrogance arose, the destroyer of dharma of the people. Of those whose nature is arrogance, then anger again arose of them.)
Among them, arrogance arose, which destroyed the dharma of the people. Then, in those whose nature was arrogance, anger again arose among them.
ततः क्रोधाभिभूतानां वृत्तं लज्जासमन्वितम्। ह्रीश्चैवाप्यनशद्राजंस्ततो मोहो व्यजायत ॥१२-२८३-११॥
tataḥ krodhābhibhūtānāṃ vṛttaṃ lajjāsamanvitam। hrīścaivāpyanaśadrājaṃstato moho vyajāyata ॥12-283-11॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; क्रोध-अभिभूतानाम् (krodha-abhibhūtānām) - of those overpowered by anger; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct; लज्जा-समन्वितम् (lajjā-samanvitam) - endowed with shame; ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अपि (api) - also; अनशत् (anaśat) - did not remain; राजन् (rājan) - O king; ततः (tataḥ) - then; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; व्यजायत (vyajāyata) - arose;]
(Then, the conduct of those overpowered by anger, endowed with shame, modesty also indeed did not remain, O king; then delusion arose.)
Then, O king, when those people were overpowered by anger, their conduct, which was endowed with shame and modesty, did not remain; then delusion arose.
ततो मोहपरीतास्ते नापश्यन्त यथा पुरा। परस्परावमर्देन वर्तयन्ति यथासुखम् ॥१२-२८३-१२॥
tato mohaparītāste nāpaśyanta yathā purā। parasparāvamardena vartayanti yathāsukham ॥12-283-12॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; मोहपरीताः (mohaparītāḥ) - deluded; ते (te) - they; न (na) - not; अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - saw; यथा (yathā) - as; पुरा (purā) - before; परस्पर (paraspara) - mutual; अवमर्देन (avamardena) - by oppression; वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they act; यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - as they please;]
(Then, deluded, they did not see as before; by mutual oppression, they act as they please.)
Then, overcome by delusion, they no longer saw as before; through mutual oppression, they acted as they pleased.
तान्प्राप्य तु स धिग्दण्डो नकारणमतोऽभवत्। ततोऽभ्यगच्छन्देवांश्च ब्राह्मणांश्चावमन्य ह ॥१२-२८३-१३॥
tānprāpya tu sa dhigdaṇḍo nakāraṇamato'bhavat। tato'bhyagacchandevāṃśca brāhmaṇāṃścāvamanya ha ॥12-283-13॥
[तान् (tān) - them; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; तु (tu) - but; सः (saḥ) - he; धिक्-दण्डः (dhik-daṇḍaḥ) - condemned punishment; न (na) - not; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason; अतः (ataḥ) - from this; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - approached; देवान् (devān) - the gods; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; अवमन्य (avamanya) - disregarding; ह (ha) - indeed;]
(Having attained them, but he, condemned punishment, not (for) reason from this became. Then he approached the gods and the brāhmaṇas, disregarding (them), indeed.)
But having attained them, he received punishment without cause. Then, disregarding them, he approached the gods and the brāhmaṇas.
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु देवा देववरं शिवम्। अगच्छञ्शरणं वीरं बहुरूपं गणाधिपम् ॥१२-२८३-१४॥
etasminneva kāle tu devā devavaraṃ śivam। agacchanśaraṇaṃ vīraṃ bahurūpaṃ gaṇādhipam ॥12-283-14॥
[एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this; एव (eva) - indeed; काले (kāle) - time; तु (tu) - but; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; देववरम् (devavaram) - the best among gods; शिवम् (śivam) - Śiva; अगच्छन् (agacchan) - went; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - for refuge; वीरम् (vīram) - the heroic one; बहुरूपम् (bahurūpam) - of many forms; गणाधिपम् (gaṇādhipam) - the lord of the gaṇas;]
(In this very time indeed but the gods to the best among gods, Śiva, went for refuge, the heroic one, of many forms, the lord of the gaṇas.)
At that very moment, the gods went to Śiva, the best among gods, seeking refuge in the heroic, many-formed lord of the gaṇas.
तेन स्म ते गगनगाः सपुराः पातिताः क्षितौ। तिस्रोऽप्येकेन बाणेन देवाप्यायिततेजसा ॥१२-२८३-१५॥
tena sma te gaganagāḥ sapurāḥ pātitāḥ kṣitau। tisro'pyekena bāṇena devāpyāyitatejasā ॥12-283-15॥
[तेन (tena) - by him; स्म (sma) - indeed; ते (te) - those; गगनगाः (gaganagāḥ) - sky-goers; सपुराः (sapurāḥ) - with their cities; पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - caused to fall; क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the earth; तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (feminine); अपि (api) - also; एकेन (ekena) - by one; बाणेन (bāṇena) - by arrow; देव (deva) - divine; अप्यायित (apyāyita) - filled; तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance;]
(By him indeed those sky-goers with their cities were caused to fall on the earth. Three also by one arrow, filled with divine brilliance.)
By him, those beings who moved in the sky along with their cities were indeed brought down to earth. Even three (cities) were felled by a single arrow, filled with divine brilliance.
तेषामधिपतिस्त्वासीद्भीमो भीमपराक्रमः। देवतानां भयकरः स हतः शूलपाणिना ॥१२-२८३-१६॥
teṣām-adhipatis-tvāsīd-bhīmo bhīma-parākramaḥ। devatānāṃ bhayakaraḥ sa hataḥ śūla-pāṇinā ॥12-283-16॥
[तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अधिपतिः (adhipatiḥ) - lord; त्वा (tvā) - indeed; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma; भीमपराक्रमः (bhīma-parākramaḥ) - of terrible prowess; देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the gods; भयकरः (bhayakaraḥ) - causing fear; सः (saḥ) - he; हतः (hataḥ) - was slain; शूलपाणिना (śūla-pāṇinā) - by the wielder of the spear;]
(Of them, the lord was indeed Bhīma, of terrible prowess. Causing fear to the gods, he was slain by the wielder of the spear.)
Their lord was Bhīma, of terrible prowess. He, who was a terror to the gods, was slain by the wielder of the spear.
तस्मिन्हतेऽथ स्वं भावं प्रत्यपद्यन्त मानवाः। प्रावर्तन्त च वेदा वै शास्त्राणि च यथा पुरा ॥१२-२८३-१७॥
tasmin hate'tha svaṃ bhāvaṃ pratyapadyanta mānavāḥ। prāvartanta ca vedā vai śāstrāṇi ca yathā purā ॥12-283-17॥
[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; (locative singular of 'tat') हते (hate) - being slain; (locative singular of 'hata') अथ (atha) - then; स्वम् (svam) - own; भावम् (bhāvam) - nature; essence; प्रत्यपद्यन्त (pratyapadyanta) - they regained; (3rd person plural, past tense, 'prati-āpadyate') मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; men; प्रावर्तन्त (prāvartanta) - commenced; began again; (3rd person plural, past tense, 'pra-vṛt') च (ca) - and; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; वै (vai) - indeed; शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - scriptures; treatises; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - as; just as; पुरा (purā) - formerly; before;]
(In that (being) slain, then, their own nature the humans regained; commenced and the Vedas indeed, and the scriptures, just as before.)
After he was slain, the humans regained their own nature; the Vedas and the scriptures began again, just as before.
ततोऽभ्यषिञ्चन्राज्येन देवानां दिवि वासवम्। सप्तर्षयश्चान्वयुञ्जन्नराणां दण्डधारणे ॥१२-२८३-१८॥
tato'bhyaṣiñcan rājyena devānāṃ divi vāsavam। saptarṣayaś cānvayuñjan narāṇāṃ daṇḍadhāraṇe ॥12-283-18॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अभ्यषिञ्चन् (abhyaṣiñcan) - anointed; राज्येन (rājyena) - with sovereignty; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; दिवि (divi) - in heaven; वासवम् (vāsavam) - Indra; सप्तर्षयः (saptarṣayaḥ) - the seven sages; च (ca) - and; अन्वयुञ्जन् (anvayuñjan) - appointed; नराणाम् (narāṇām) - of men; दण्डधारणे (daṇḍadhāraṇe) - in the bearing of the staff (of punishment);]
(Then they anointed Indra, the lord of the gods, with sovereignty in heaven; and the seven sages appointed (someone) among men for the bearing of the staff (of punishment).)
Then Indra was anointed as the king of the gods in heaven, and the seven sages appointed a ruler among men to uphold justice.
सप्तर्षीणामथोर्ध्वं च विपृथुर्नाम पार्थिवः। राजानः क्षत्रियाश्चैव मण्डलेषु पृथक्पृथक् ॥१२-२८३-१९॥
saptarṣīṇām atha ūrdhvaṃ ca vipṛthur nāma pārthivaḥ। rājānaḥ kṣatriyāś caiva maṇḍaleṣu pṛthakpṛthak ॥12-283-19॥
[सप्तर्षीणाम् (saptarṣīṇām) - of the seven sages; अथ (atha) - then; ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - after; above; च (ca) - and; विपृथुः (vipṛthuḥ) - Viprithu (name); नाम (nāma) - named; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मण्डलेषु (maṇḍaleṣu) - in the regions; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately;]
(Of the seven sages, then after and Viprithu named king; kings and Kshatriyas indeed in the regions separately, separately.)
After the seven sages, there was a king named Viprithu; and the kings and Kshatriyas were separately established in the various regions.
महाकुलेषु ये जाता वृत्ताः पूर्वतराश्च ये। तेषामथासुरो भावो हृदयान्नापसर्पति ॥१२-२८३-२०॥
mahākuleṣu ye jātā vṛttāḥ pūrvatarāś ca ye। teṣām athāsuro bhāvo hṛdayān nāpasarpati॥12-283-20॥
[महाकुलेषु (mahākuleṣu) - in great families; ये (ye) - who; जाता (jātā) - born; वृत्ताः (vṛttāḥ) - conducted (themselves); पूर्वतराः (pūrvatarāḥ) - earlier ones; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अथ (atha) - then; असुरः (asuraḥ) - demonic; भावः (bhāvaḥ) - nature; हृदयान् (hṛdayān) - from (their) hearts; न (na) - not; अपसर्पति (apasarpati) - departs;]
(In great families, those who are born, those who conducted themselves, and those who were earlier—of them, then, the demonic nature does not depart from (their) hearts.)
Among those born in great families, both those who lived before and those who live now, the demonic nature does not leave their hearts.
तस्मात्तेनैव भावेन सानुषङ्गेन पार्थिवाः। आसुराण्येव कर्माणि न्यषेवन्भीमविक्रमाः ॥१२-२८३-२१॥
tasmāttenaiva bhāvena sānuṣaṅgena pārthivāḥ। āsurāṇyeva karmāṇi nyaṣevaṇbhīmavikramāḥ ॥12-283-21॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; तेन (tena) - by that; एव (eva) - indeed; भावेन (bhāvena) - with disposition; स (sa) - with; अनुषङ्गेन (anuṣaṅgena) - attachment; पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings; आसुराणि (āsurāṇi) - demonic; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; न्यषेवन् (nyaṣevaṇ) - engaged in; भीमविक्रमाः (bhīmavikramāḥ) - of terrible prowess;]
(Therefore, by that very disposition, with attachment, the kings, indeed, engaged in demonic actions, of terrible prowess.)
Therefore, with that very disposition and attachment, the kings of terrible prowess engaged only in demonic actions.
प्रत्यतिष्ठंश्च तेष्वेव तान्येव स्थापयन्ति च। भजन्ते तानि चाद्यापि ये बालिशतमा नराः ॥१२-२८३-२२॥
pratyatiṣṭhaṃś ca teṣv eva tān eva sthāpayanti ca। bhajante tāni cādyāpi ye bāliśatamā narāḥ ॥12-283-22॥
[प्रत्यतिष्ठन् (pratyatiṣṭhan) - having re-established; (from prati-ati-√sthā); च (ca) - and; तेषु (teṣu) - in those; एव (eva) - indeed; तानि (tāni) - those; एव (eva) - indeed; स्थापयन्ति (sthāpayanti) - they establish; (from √sthā, causative); च (ca) - and; भजन्ते (bhajante) - they worship; (from √bhaj); तानि (tāni) - those; च (ca) - and; अद्यापि (adyāpi) - even today; ये (ye) - who; बालिशतमाः (bāliśatamāḥ) - most foolish ones; नराः (narāḥ) - men;]
(Having re-established (them) and indeed in those, they indeed establish those and worship those; and even today, those men who are the most foolish (do so).)
Having re-established those (rites) in those very (places), they also establish and worship them; and even today, those men who are the most foolish continue to do so.
तस्मादहं ब्रवीमि त्वां राजन्सञ्चिन्त्य शास्त्रतः। संसिद्धाधिगमं कुर्यात्कर्म हिंसात्मकं त्यजेत् ॥१२-२८३-२३॥
tasmād ahaṃ bravīmi tvāṃ rājan sañcintya śāstrataḥ। saṃsiddhādhigamaṃ kuryāt karma hiṃsātmakaṃ tyajet ॥12-283-23॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अहम् (aham) - I; ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - say; त्वाम् (tvām) - to you; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सञ्चिन्त्य (sañcintya) - having considered; शास्त्रतः (śāstrataḥ) - according to śāstra; संसिद्ध (saṃsiddha) - perfected; अधिगमम् (adhigamam) - attainment; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do; कर्म (karma) - action; हिंसा-आत्मकम् (hiṃsā-ātmakam) - of the nature of violence; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon;]
(Therefore I say to you, O king, having considered according to śāstra, one should perform actions leading to perfected attainment; actions of the nature of violence should be abandoned.)
Therefore, O king, I declare to you: having reflected according to the śāstra, one should pursue actions that lead to true accomplishment, and should abandon actions that are violent in nature.
न सङ्करेण द्रविणं विचिन्वीत विचक्षणः। धर्मार्थं न्यायमुत्सृज्य न तत्कल्याणमुच्यते ॥१२-२८३-२४॥
na saṅkareṇa draviṇaṃ vicinvīta vicakṣaṇaḥ। dharmārthaṃ nyāyam utsṛjya na tat kalyāṇam ucyate ॥12-283-24॥
[न (na) - not; सङ्करेण (saṅkareṇa) - by mixture; by confusion; द्रविणं (draviṇam) - wealth; विचिन्वीत (vicinvīta) - should seek; विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - the wise one; धर्मार्थं (dharmārtham) - for the sake of dharma; न्यायम् (nyāyam) - justice; propriety; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - abandoning; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - auspicious; good; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; is said;]
(Not by mixture should the wise one seek wealth; abandoning justice for the sake of dharma is not called auspicious.)
A wise person should not seek wealth through improper means; abandoning justice for the sake of dharma is not considered auspicious.
स त्वमेवंविधो दान्तः क्षत्रियः प्रियबान्धवः। प्रजा भृत्यांश्च पुत्रांश्च स्वधर्मेणानुपालय ॥१२-२८३-२५॥
sa tvam evaṃ-vidho dāntaḥ kṣatriyaḥ priya-bāndhavaḥ। prajā bhṛtyāṃś ca putrāṃś ca svadharmeṇa anupālaya ॥12-283-25॥
[स (sa) - he; (here: you;) त्वम् (tvam) - you; एवंविधः (evaṃ-vidhaḥ) - of such kind; दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kshatriya; (warrior class;) प्रियबान्धवः (priya-bāndhavaḥ) - having dear relatives; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants; च (ca) - and; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; च (ca) - and; स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by your own duty; अनुपालय (anupālaya) - protect; govern;]
(He, you, being of such kind, self-controlled, a Kshatriya, having dear relatives, protect the subjects, servants, and sons by your own duty.)
Therefore, you, being self-controlled and of such a kind, a Kshatriya with dear relatives, should protect your subjects, servants, and sons according to your own duty.
इष्टानिष्टसमायोगो वैरं सौहार्दमेव च। अथ जातिसहस्राणि बहूनि परिवर्तते ॥१२-२८३-२६॥
iṣṭāniṣṭasamāyogo vairaṃ sauhārdameva ca। atha jātisahasrāṇi bahūni parivartate ॥12-283-26॥
[इष्ट (iṣṭa) - desired; अनिष्ट (aniṣṭa) - undesired; समायोगः (samāyogaḥ) - association; वैरम् (vairam) - enmity; सौहार्दम् (sauhārdam) - friendship; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; अथ (atha) - then; जाति (jāti) - birth; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; बहूनि (bahūni) - many; परिवर्तते (parivartate) - change;]
(Association with desired and undesired, enmity, and indeed friendship; then, many thousands of births change.)
Association with what is desired and undesired, enmity and friendship—thus, through many thousands of births, all these change.
तस्माद्गुणेषु रज्येथा मा दोषेषु कदाचन। निर्गुणो यो हि दुर्बुद्धिरात्मनः सोऽरिरुच्यते ॥१२-२८३-२७॥
tasmād guṇeṣu rajyethā mā doṣeṣu kadācana। nirguṇo yo hi durbuddhir ātmanaḥ so'rir ucyate ॥12-283-27॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; गुणेषु (guṇeṣu) - in qualities; रज्येथाः (rajyethāḥ) - should become attached; मा (mā) - not; दोषेषु (doṣeṣu) - in faults; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time; निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - devoid of qualities; यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - of wicked intellect; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; सः (saḥ) - he; अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Therefore, in qualities you should become attached, not in faults at any time. Devoid of qualities, who indeed is of wicked intellect of oneself, he is called an enemy.)
Therefore, you should attach yourself to virtues, never to faults. One who is devoid of virtues and has a wicked intellect is called his own enemy.
मानुषेषु महाराज धर्माधर्मौ प्रवर्ततः। न तथान्येषु भूतेषु मनुष्यरहितेष्विह ॥१२-२८३-२८॥
mānuṣeṣu mahārāja dharmādharmau pravartataḥ। na tathānyeṣu bhūteṣu manuṣyarahiteṣv iha ॥12-283-28॥
[मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among humans; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - dharma and adharma; प्रवर्ततः (pravartataḥ) - are active; न (na) - not; तथा (tathā) - in that way; अन्येषु (anyeṣu) - among other; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - beings; मनुष्यरहितेषु (manuṣyarahiteṣu) - where humans are absent; इह (iha) - here;]
(Among humans, O great king, dharma and adharma are active; not in that way among other beings where humans are absent here.)
O great king, it is among humans that dharma and adharma are active; it is not so among other beings here where there are no humans.
धर्मशीलो नरो विद्वानीहकोऽनीहकोऽपि वा। आत्मभूतः सदा लोके चरेद्भूतान्यहिंसयन् ॥१२-२८३-२९॥
dharmaśīlo naro vidvān īhako'níhako'pi vā। ātmabhūtaḥ sadā loke cared bhūtāny ahiṃsayan ॥12-283-29॥
[धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - one whose nature is righteousness; नरः (naraḥ) - man; विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise; ईहकः (īhakaḥ) - one who acts; अनीहकः (anīhakaḥ) - one who does not act; अपि (api) - even; वा (vā) - or; आत्मभूतः (ātmabhūtaḥ) - regarding all as oneself; सदा (sadā) - always; लोके (loke) - in the world; चरेत् (caret) - should move; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - living beings; अहिंसयन् (ahiṃsayan) - not harming;]
(One whose nature is righteousness, a wise man, whether acting or not acting, regarding all as oneself, should always move in the world not harming living beings.)
A person of righteous nature and wisdom, whether active or inactive, should always live in the world regarding all beings as himself, and never harm any living creature.
यदा व्यपेतहृल्लेखं मनो भवति तस्य वै। नानृतं चैव भवति तदा कल्याणमृच्छति ॥१२-२८३-३०॥
yadā vyapetahṛllekhaṃ mano bhavati tasya vai। nānṛtaṃ caiva bhavati tadā kalyāṇamṛcchati ॥12-283-30॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; व्यपेत (vyapeta) - removed; हृल्लेखं (hṛllekham) - mental impression; मनो (mano) - mind; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; तस्य (tasya) - of him; वै (vai) - indeed; न (na) - not; अनृतं (anṛtam) - falsehood; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; तदा (tadā) - then; कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - auspiciousness; ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - attains;]
(When the mind becomes free from mental impressions, indeed, for him, falsehood does not arise, and then he attains auspiciousness.)
When a person's mind is free from mental impressions, and falsehood does not arise in him, then he attains auspiciousness.
