13.060
क्षत्रियधर्माः
The duties of the warrior.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
दानं यज्ञक्रिया चेह किं स्वित्प्रेत्य महाफलम्। कस्य ज्यायः फलं प्रोक्तं कीदृशेभ्यः कथं कदा ॥१३-६०-१॥
Which among gift and sacrifice here yields the greatest result after death? Whose result is declared greater, than which kind of acts, how, and when? (13-60-1)
एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं याथातथ्येन भारत। विद्वञ्जिज्ञासमानाय दानधर्मान्प्रचक्ष्व मे ॥१३-६०-२॥
O Bhārata, I wish to know this in its true nature. O wise one, tell me the rules of giving, for I desire to understand them. (13-60-2)
अन्तर्वेद्यां च यद्दत्तं श्रद्धया चानृशंस्यतः। किं स्विन्निःश्रेयसं तात तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-६०-३॥
O grandsire, please tell me, O dear one, what is the supreme good of what is given with faith and compassion on the central sacrificial altar. (13-60-3)
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhīṣma said.
रौद्रं कर्म क्षत्रियस्य सततं तात वर्तते। तस्य वैतानिकं कर्म दानं चैवेह पावनम् ॥१३-६०-४॥
O dear one, terrible actions always belong to the kṣatriya; but for him, Vedic ritual actions and giving gifts here are truly purifying. (13-60-4)
न तु पापकृतां राज्ञां प्रतिगृह्णन्ति साधवः। एतस्मात्कारणाद्यज्ञैर्यजेद्राजाप्तदक्षिणैः ॥१३-६०-५॥
But the virtuous do not accept gifts from wicked kings. For this reason, the king should perform sacrifices with gifts that have been rightly acquired. (13-60-5)
अथ चेत्प्रतिगृह्णीयुर्दद्यादहरहर्नृपः। श्रद्धामास्थाय परमां पावनं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥१३-६०-६॥
If they accept, then the king should give every day, with supreme faith; for this is indeed most purifying and excellent. (13-60-6)
ब्राह्मणांस्तर्पयेद्द्रव्यैस्ततो यज्ञे यतव्रतः। मैत्रान्साधून्वेदविदः शीलवृत्ततपोन्वितान् ॥१३-६०-७॥
He should satisfy the Brāhmaṇas with offerings; then, during the sacrifice, being self-restrained, (he should honor) friendly and virtuous persons who are learned in the Veda, endowed with good character, conduct, and austerity. (13-60-7)
यत्ते तेन करिष्यन्ति कृतं तेन भविष्यति। यज्ञान्साधय साधुभ्यः स्वाद्वन्नान्दक्षिणावतः ॥१३-६०-८॥
Whatever is done for you by him, that will happen. Perform the sacrifices for the good people, offering delicious foods along with gifts. (13-60-8)
इष्टं दत्तं च मन्येथा आत्मानं दानकर्मणा। पूजयेथा यायजूकांस्तवाप्यंशो भवेद्यथा ॥१३-६०-९॥
You should consider sacrifices and gifts as your own act through giving; you should also honor the priests, so that your share will indeed arise just as proper. (13-60-9)
प्रजावतो भरेथाश्च ब्राह्मणान्बहुभारिणः। प्रजावांस्तेन भवति यथा जनयिता तथा ॥१३-६०-१०॥
You should support Brāhmaṇas who have many burdens and possess offspring; by doing so, one becomes (the cause of) progeny, just as a begetter does. (13-60-10)
यावतो वै साधुधर्मान्सन्तः संवर्तयन्त्युत। सर्वे ते चापि भर्तव्या नरा ये बहुभारिणः ॥१३-६०-११॥
All those men who perform virtuous duties and bear great burdens are to be supported.
समृद्धः सम्प्रयच्छस्व ब्राह्मणेभ्यो युधिष्ठिर। धेनूरनडुहोऽन्नानि च्छत्रं वासांस्युपानहौ ॥१३-६०-१२॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, being prosperous, give to the Brāhmaṇas cows, bulls, food, an umbrella, garments, and sandals. (13-60-12)
आज्यानि यजमानेभ्यस्तथान्नाद्यानि भारत। अश्ववन्ति च यानानि वेश्मानि शयनानि च ॥१३-६०-१३॥
O Bhārata, offerings of clarified butter were given to the sacrificers, as well as food and eatables; there were also horse-drawn vehicles, houses, and beds. (13-60-13)
एते देया व्युष्टिमन्तो लघूपायाश्च भारत। अजुगुप्सांश्च विज्ञाय ब्राह्मणान्वृत्तिकर्शितान् ॥१३-६०-१४॥
O Bhārata, having recognized Brāhmaṇas who are not despicable, who are distressed for livelihood, and who have meager means or abundance, these should be given (gifts). (13-60-14)
उपच्छन्नं प्रकाशं वा वृत्त्या तान्प्रतिपादय। राजसूयाश्वमेधाभ्यां श्रेयस्तत्क्षत्रियान्प्रति ॥१३-६०-१५॥
Whether concealed or manifest, teach them by conduct. Regarding kṣatriyas, their highest good is through the Rājasūya and Aśvamedha (sacrifices). (13-60-15)
एवं पापैर्विमुक्तस्त्वं पूतः स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि। स्रंसयित्वा पुनः कोशं यद्राष्ट्रं पालयिष्यसि ॥१३-६०-१६॥
Thus, being freed from sins, you will become purified and attain heaven. After draining out the treasury, you will again protect the kingdom. (13-60-16)
ततश्च ब्रह्मभूयस्त्वमवाप्स्यसि धनानि च। आत्मनश्च परेषां च वृत्तिं संरक्ष भारत ॥१३-६०-१७॥
Then, you will attain the state of Brahman and riches; protect the livelihood of yourself and of others, O Bhārata. (13-60-17)
पुत्रवच्चापि भृत्यान्स्वान्प्रजाश्च परिपालय। योगक्षेमश्च ते नित्यं ब्राह्मणेष्वस्तु भारत ॥१३-६०-१८॥
O Bhārata, protect your servants and subjects just as you would a son. May acquisition and preservation always be with you among Brahmins. (13-60-18)
अरक्षितारं हर्तारं विलोप्तारमदायकम्। तं स्म राजकलिं हन्युः प्रजाः सम्भूय निर्घृणम् ॥१३-६०-१९॥
The subjects, having assembled, should pitilessly kill that royal wrongdoer who does not protect, who steals, who destroys, and who does not give (what is due). (13-60-19)
अहं वो रक्षितेत्युक्त्वा यो न रक्षति भूमिपः। स संहत्य निहन्तव्यः श्वेव सोन्माद आतुरः ॥१३-६०-२०॥
The king who, having said to you "I will protect," does not protect, he, even if afflicted with madness, should be slain collectively, even as early as tomorrow. (13-60-20)
पापं कुर्वन्ति यत्किञ्चित्प्रजा राज्ञा ह्यरक्षिताः। चतुर्थं तस्य पापस्य राजा भारत विन्दति ॥१३-६०-२१॥
O Bhārata, of whatever sins the unprotected subjects commit, the king obtains a fourth part. (13-60-21)
अप्याहुः सर्वमेवेति भूयोऽर्धमिति निश्चयः। चतुर्थं मतमस्माकं मनोः श्रुत्वानुशासनम्॥१३-६०-२२॥
Indeed, some say "all only", and again, there is the decision that "half"; our fourth opinion, after hearing the instruction of Manu. (13-60-22)
शुभं वा यत्प्रकुर्वन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः। चतुर्थं तस्य पुण्यस्य राजा चाप्नोति भारत ॥१३-६०-२३॥
O Bhārata, the king obtains a fourth part of the merit of whatever auspicious acts are performed by the subjects protected by him. (13-60-23)
जीवन्तं त्वानुजीवन्तु प्रजाः सर्वा युधिष्ठिर। पर्जन्यमिव भूतानि महाद्रुममिव द्विजाः ॥१३-६०-२४॥
May all creatures live by you who are living, O Yudhishthira, just as beings live by the rain-cloud and the twice-born by the great tree. (13-60-24)
कुबेरमिव रक्षांसि शतक्रतुमिवामराः। ज्ञातयस्त्वानुजीवन्तु सुहृदश्च परन्तप ॥१३-६०-२५॥
May your relatives and friends live long after you, O afflicter of foes, just as the demons serve Kubera and the immortals serve Indra. (13-60-25)
