13.090
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke; said;]
(Yudhishthira spoke;)
Yudhishthira said.
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह। द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१३-९०-१॥
kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṃ bhavecchrāddhaṃ pitāmaha। dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi ॥13-90-1॥
[कीदृशेभ्यः (kīdṛśebhyaḥ) - to what kind (of persons); प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be given; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha rite; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather; द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to Brāhmaṇas; कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among Kurus; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought;]
(To what kind (of persons) should the śrāddha be given, O grandfather? To Brāhmaṇas, O tiger among Kurus—that to me you ought to explain.)
O grandfather, to what kinds of Brāhmaṇas should the śrāddha offering be made? O tiger among the Kurus, you ought to explain that to me. (13-90-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he) spoke;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said;
ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित्। दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्याय्यमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥१३-९०-२॥
brāhmaṇān na parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dāna-dharma-vit। daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyam āhuḥ parīkṣaṇam ॥13-90-2॥
[ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - brāhmaṇas; (the) brāhmaṇas; न (na) - not; परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should test; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya; दानधर्मवित् (dāna-dharma-vit) - knower of (the) law of giving; दैवे (daive) - in (the) divine (matter); कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in (the) act; पित्र्ये (pitrye) - in ancestral (rite); तु (tu) - but; न्याय्यम् (nyāyyam) - proper; आहुः (āhuḥ) - (they) say; परीक्षणम् (parīkṣaṇam) - testing;]
(Brāhmaṇas not should test a kṣatriya, knower of law of giving. In divine act, in ancestral (rite), but proper (they) say is testing. (13-90-2))
A kṣatriya who knows the law of giving should not test brāhmaṇas. But in divine acts and ancestral rites, testing is said to be proper. (13-90-2)
देवताः पूजयन्तीह दैवेनैवेह तेजसा। उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥१३-९०-३॥
devatāḥ pūjayantīha daivenaiva iha tejasā. upetya tasmād devebhyaḥ sarvebhyo dāpayen naraḥ ॥13-90-3॥
[देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities; पूजयन्ति (pūjayanti) - they worship; इह (iha) - here; दैवेन (daivena) - by divine; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; तेजसा (tejasā) - with splendor; उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - to the gods; सर्वेभ्यः (sarvebhyaḥ) - to all; दापयेत् (dāpayet) - should cause to be given; नरः (naraḥ) - a man;]
(Deities worship here by divine indeed here with splendor. Having approached, therefore, to the gods, to all, a man should cause to be given.)
Deities worship here by divine splendor indeed; therefore, having approached, a man should cause gifts to be given to all the gods. (13-90-3)
श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः। कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाभिजनेन च ॥१३-९०-४॥
śrāddhe tv atha mahārāja parīkṣed brāhmaṇān budhaḥ। kulaśīlavayorūpair vidyayābhijanena ca ॥13-90-4॥
[श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - at the śrāddha; तु (tu) - however; अथ (atha) - then; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; परीक्षेत् (parīkṣet) - should examine; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the brāhmaṇas; बुधः (budhaḥ) - the wise person; कुल (kula) - family; शील (śīla) - character; वयः (vayaḥ) - age; रूपैः (rūpaiḥ) - by qualities/forms; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by learning; अभिजनेन (abhijanena) - by noble birth; च (ca) - and;]
(At the śrāddha, however, then, O great king, the wise person should examine the brāhmaṇas by family, character, age, qualities, by learning, by noble birth, and also.)
O great king, at the śrāddha, the wise should choose brāhmaṇas after examining their family, character, age, qualities, learning, and noble birth. (13-90-4)
एषामन्ये पङ्क्तिदूषास्तथान्ये पङ्क्तिपावनाः। अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥१३-९०-५॥
eṣām anye paṅktidūṣās tathānye paṅktipāvanāḥ। apāṅkteyās tu ye rājan kīrtayiṣyāmi tāñ śṛṇu ॥13-90-5॥
[एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; अन्ये (anye) - others; पङ्क्तिदूषाः (paṅktidūṣāḥ) - those who defile the offerings; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अन्ये (anye) - others; पङ्क्तिपावनाः (paṅktipāvanāḥ) - those who purify the offerings; अपाङ्क्तेयाः (apāṅkteyāḥ) - unfit for offerings; तु (tu) - but; ये (ye) - who; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कीर्तयिष्यामि (kīrtayiṣyāmi) - I will declare; तान् (tān) - those; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(Of these, others are defilers of the offerings; likewise, others are purifiers of the offerings. But those who are unfit for offerings, O king, I will declare; those, hear.)
Among these, some are defilers of the offerings; others are purifiers of the offerings. As for those unfit for offerings, O king, I will now declare them—listen.
कितवो भ्रूणहा यक्ष्मी पशुपालो निराकृतिः। ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥१३-९०-६॥
kitavo bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālo nirākṛtiḥ। grāmapreṣyo vārdhuṣiko gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī ॥13-90-6॥
[कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler; भ्रूणहा (bhrūṇahā) - killer of an embryo; यक्ष्मी (yakṣmī) - one afflicted with consumption; पशुपालः (paśupālaḥ) - herdsman; निराकृतिः (nirākṛtiḥ) - deformed (person); ग्रामप्रेष्यः (grāmapreṣyaḥ) - village messenger; वार्धुषिकः (vārdhuṣikaḥ) - marriage-broker; गायनः (gāyanaḥ) - singer; सर्वविक्रयी (sarvavikrayī) - seller of everything;]
(Gambler, killer of an embryo, one afflicted with consumption, herdsman, deformed person, village messenger, marriage-broker, singer, seller of everything.)
A gambler, killer of an embryo, person afflicted with consumption, herdsman, deformed person, village messenger, marriage-broker, singer, and seller of everything. (13-90-6)
अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी। सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥१३-९०-७॥
agāradhāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī। sāmudriko rājabhṛtyastailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ ॥13-90-7॥
[अगारदाही (agāradhāhī) - house-burner; गरदः (garadaḥ) - poisoner; कुण्डाशी (kuṇḍāśī) - who eats from the pot; सोमविक्रयी (somavikrayī) - seller of soma (ritual plant); सामुद्रिकः (sāmudrikaḥ) - maritime person; राजभृत्यः (rājabhṛtyaḥ) - royal servant; तैलिकः (tailikaḥ) - oilman; कूटकारकः (kūṭakārakaḥ) - falsifier;]
(House-burner; poisoner; who eats from the pot; seller of soma; maritime person; royal servant; oilman; falsifier.)
A house-burner, poisoner, one who eats from the pot, a seller of soma, a seafarer, royal servant, oilman, and falsifier. (13-90-7)
पित्रा विवदमानश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे। अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवति ॥१३-९०-८॥
pitrā vivadamānaś ca yasya copapatir gṛhe। abhiśastas tathā stenaḥ śilpaṃ yaś copajīvati ॥13-90-8॥
[पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; विवदमानः (vivadamānaḥ) - quarrelling; च (ca) - and; यस्य (yasya) - whose; च (ca) - and; उपपतिः (upapatiḥ) - paramour; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; अभिशस्तः (abhiśastaḥ) - cursed; तथा (tathā) - also; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - a thief; शिल्पं (śilpam) - craft; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; उपजीवति (upajīvati) - subsists;]
(Quarrelling with the father and whose paramour is in the house, also cursed and a thief, who lives by craft.)
One who quarrels with his father, whose wife has a paramour in the house, who is cursed, who is a thief, or who earns his livelihood by craft. (13-90-8)
पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः। अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥१३-९०-९॥
parvakāraś ca sūcī ca mitradhṛk-pāradārikaḥ | avrātānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhas tathaiva ca॥13-90-9॥
[पर्वकारः (parvakāraḥ) - sacrificial-officiant; person performing rites; च (ca) - and; सूचī (sūcī) - informer; spy; च (ca) - and; मित्रध्रुक् (mitradhṛk) - one who betrays a friend; पारदारिकः (pāradārikaḥ) - one who goes to others' wives; अव्रतानाम् (avrātānām) - of those who do not observe vows; उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher; काण्डपृष्ठः (kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ) - one with a hump on the back; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(Sacrificial-officiant and informer and one who betrays a friend, one who goes to others' wives, teacher of those who do not observe vows, one with a hump on the back likewise and.)
A sacrificial officiant, an informer, a betrayer of friends, an adulterer, a teacher of the irreligious, and one with a hump on the back are all (to be regarded) likewise. (13-90-9)
श्वभिर्यश्च परिक्रामेद्यः शुना दष्ट एव च। परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः ॥ कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति ॥१३-९०-१०॥
śvabhir yaś ca parikrāmed yaḥ śunā daṣṭa eva ca। parivittiś ca yaś ca syād duś-carmā guru-talpa-gaḥ॥ kuśīlavaḥ devalakaḥ nakṣatrair yaś ca jīvati॥ 13-90-10॥
[श्वभिः (śvabhiḥ) - by dogs; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; परिक्रामेत् (parikrāmet) - would wander; यः (yaḥ) - who; शुना (śunā) - by a dog; दष्टः (daṣṭaḥ) - bitten; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and; परिवित्तिः (parivittiḥ) - an outcaste; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - might be; दुश्चर्मा (duś-carmā) - one with bad skin; गुरुतल्पगः (guru-talpa-gaḥ) - who goes to guru's (teacher's) bed; कुशीलवः (kuśīlavaḥ) - a minstrel; देवलकः (devalakaḥ) - one worshipping in shrines; नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by stars (astrology); यश्च (yaś ca) - and who; जीवति (jīvati) - lives;]
(Who by dogs and would wander, who by a dog bitten only and; an outcaste and who and might be, one with bad skin, who goes to guru's bed; a minstrel, one worshipping in shrines, by stars and who lives (13-90-10))
He who wanders with dogs, or who has been bitten by a dog; an outcaste, one with diseased skin, one who approaches his teacher's bed; a minstrel, a shrine-attendant, and one who lives by astrology—these (are excluded) (13-90-10)
एतानिह विजानीयादपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान्। शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥१३-९०-११॥
etāni ha vijānīyād apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān | śūdrāṇām upadeśaṃ ca ye kurvanti alpacetasaḥ ॥13-90-11॥
[एतानि (etāni) - these; ह (ha) - indeed; विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - one should know; अपाङ्क्तेयान् (apāṅkteyān) - those unfit for participation in religious rites; द्विजाधमान् (dvijādhamān) - lowest of the twice-born; शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of the Śūdras; उपदेशं (upadeśaṃ) - instruction; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those who; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - perform; अल्पचेतसः (alpacetasaḥ) - of little understanding;]
(Indeed, these one should know as unfit for participation in pious rites, the lowest of the twice-born: those who, of little understanding, give instruction to Śūdras.)
One should indeed know these as unworthy participants, the lowest among the twice-born: those of little understanding who instruct the Śūdras. (13-90-11)
षष्टिं काणः शतं षण्ढः श्वित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति। पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥१३-९०-१२॥
ṣaṣṭiṃ kāṇaḥ śataṃ ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitrī yāvat prapaśyati। paṅktyāṃ samupaviṣṭāyāṃ tāvad dūṣayate nṛpa ॥13-90-12॥
[षष्टिं (ṣaṣṭiṃ) - sixty; काणः (kāṇaḥ) - one-eyed man; शतं (śataṃ) - hundred; षण्ढः (ṣaṇḍhaḥ) - eunuch; श्वित्री (śvitrī) - leprous woman; यावत् (yāvat) - as long as; प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - sees; पङ्क्त्यां (paṅktyāṃ) - in the row; समुपविष्टायां (samupaviṣṭāyāṃ) - having sat together; तावत् (tāvat) - so long; दूषयते (dūṣayate) - pollutes; नृप (nṛpa) - king;]
(Sixty one-eyed men, a hundred eunuchs, a leprous woman, as long as they see, in a row having sat together, so long the king pollutes.)
Sixty one-eyed men, a hundred eunuchs, and a leprous woman, as long as they are present in a row (for eating), so long the king causes pollution. (13-90-12)
यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः। सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥१३-९०-१३॥
yadveṣṭitaśirā bhuṅkte yad bhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ| sopānatkaś ca yad bhuṅkte sarvaṃ vidyāt tad āsuram ॥13-90-13॥
[यद्वेष्टितशिरा (yadveṣṭitaśirā) - he with a covered head; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; यत् (yat) - as; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south; सोपानत्कः (sopānatkaḥ) - wearing footwear; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - as; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; विद्यायात् (vidyāt) - should know; तत् (tat) - that; आसुरम् (āsuram) - demonic;]
(He with a covered head eats, as he eats facing south, and wearing footwear eats—as all this one should know to be demonic.)
One who eats with a covered head, or eats facing south, or eats wearing footwear—know all such acts as demonic. (13-90-13)
असूयता च यद्दत्तं यच्च श्रद्धाविवर्जितम्। सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥१३-९०-१४॥
asūyatā ca yaddattaṁ yacca śraddhāvivarjitam। sarvaṁ tadasurendrāya brahmā bhāgamakalpayat ॥13-90-14॥
[असूयता (asūyatā) - with envy; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; दत्तं (dattaṁ) - is given; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; श्रद्धा-विवर्जितम् (śraddhā-vivarjitam) - devoid of faith; सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all; तत् (tat) - that; असुरेन्द्राय (asurendrāya) - to the lord of asuras; ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā; भागम् (bhāgam) - share; अकल्पयत् (akalpayat) - assigned;]
(And which is given with envy and which is devoid of faith, all that Brahmā assigned as a share to the lord of the Asuras.)
Brahmā assigned as the share of the lord of the Asuras everything that was given with envy or without faith. (13-90-14)
श्वानश्च पङ्क्तिदूषाश्च नावेक्षेरन्कथञ्चन। तस्मात्परिवृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥१३-९०-१५॥
śvānaś ca paṅktidūṣāś ca na āvekṣeran kathaṁcana। tasmāt parivṛte dadyāt tilān ca anvavakīrayet॥13-90-15॥
[श्वानः (śvānaḥ) - dogs; च (ca) - and; पङ्क्तिदूषाः (paṅktidūṣāḥ) - polluters of the row (impure persons; corruptors of ritual order); च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; आवेक्षेरन् (āvekṣeran) - should look at; कथञ्चन (kathaṁcana) - at all; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; परिवृते (parivṛte) - while surrounded (by people); दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; तिलान् (tilān) - sesame seeds; च (ca) - and; अन्ववकीरयेत् (anvavakīrayet) - should sprinkle;]
(Dogs and polluters of the row and not should look at at all. Therefore, while surrounded, should give sesame seeds and should sprinkle.)
Dogs and those who pollute ritual rows should not look on at all. Therefore, after surrounding (with people), one should give and sprinkle sesame seeds. (13-90-15)
तिलादाने च क्रव्यादा ये च क्रोधवशा गणाः। यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥१३-९०-१६॥
tilādāne ca kravyādā ye ca krodhavaśā gaṇāḥ। yātudhānāḥ piśācāś ca vipralumpanti taddhaviḥ॥13-90-16॥
[तिलादाने (tilādāne) - at the giving of sesame (offering); च (ca) - and; क्रव्यादाः (kravyādāḥ) - the eaters of raw flesh; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; क्रोधवशाः (krodhavaśāḥ) - subdued by anger; subject to wrath; गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups; यातुधानाः (yātudhānāḥ) - devourers; demons; पिशाचाः (piśācāḥ) - piśācas; goblins; च (ca) - and; विप्रलुम्पन्ति (vipralumpanti) - they plunder; they rob; तद्धविः (tad-haviḥ) - that offering;]
(At the giving of sesame, and flesh-eating beings, who are subject to wrath, groups of demons and piśācas, they rob that offering.)
When sesame is offered, flesh-eating beings and groups subject to wrath, along with demons and piśācas, plunder that offering. (13-90-16)
यावद्ध्यपङ्क्त्यः पङ्क्त्यां वै भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति। तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥१३-९०-१७॥
yāvad-dhy apaṅktyaḥ paṅktyāṃ vai bhuñjānān anupaśyati। tāvat phalād bhraṃśayati dātāraṃ tasya bāliśam ॥13-90-17॥
[यावत् (yāvat) - for as long as; ह्यपङ्क्त्यः (hi apaṅktyaḥ) - indeed one who is apaṅktya (not fit for the line or offering); पङ्क्त्याम् (paṅktyām) - in the row (of eaters); वै (vai) - indeed; भुञ्जानान् (bhuñjānān) - those who are eating; अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - he looks upon; तावत् (tāvat) - for so long; फलात् (phalāt) - from the (religious) fruit; भ्रंशयति (bhraṃśayati) - he causes to fall; दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver; तस्य (tasya) - of him; बालिशम् (bāliśam) - the foolish one;]
(For as long indeed the apaṅktya, in the row, indeed, of those eating, he looks upon, for so long from the fruit he causes the giver, of him, the foolish one, to fall.)
As long as an unworthy person (apaṅktya) remains in the row of eaters, so long does he cause the giver, that foolish one, to fall away from the religious fruit. (13-90-17)
इमे तु भरतश्रेष्ठ विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः। ये त्वतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥१३-९०-१८॥
ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ। ye tvatastānpravakṣyāmi parīkṣasveha tāndvijān ॥13-90-18॥
[इमे (ime) - these; तु (tu) - but; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - to be known; पङ्क्तिपावनाः (paṅktipāvanāḥ) - purifiers of the assembly; ये (ye) - who; त्वतः (tvataḥ) - from you; तान् (tān) - those; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare; परीक्षस्व (parīkṣasva) - you examine; इह (iha) - here; तान् (tān) - those; द्विजान् (dvijān) - the twice-born;]
(These but, O best of the Bharatas, (are) to be known as purifiers of the assembly; who from you, those I will declare; examine here those twice-born.)
But these, O best of the Bharatas, are to be known as purifiers of the assembly; those twice-born, I will declare them to you — examine them here. (13-90-18)
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाता ब्राह्मणाः सर्व एव हि। पाङ्क्तेयान्यांस्तु वक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥१३-९०-१९॥
vedavidyāvratasnātā brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi। pāṅkteyānyāṃstu vakṣyāmi jñeyāste paṅktipāvanāḥ ॥13-90-19॥
[वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाता (vedavidyāvratasnātā) - initiated in the vow of Vedic knowledge; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - verily; पाङ्क्तेयान्यांस्तु (pāṅkteyānyāṃstu) - but now, those (types) who are entitled to sit in the row (for śrāddha); वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - to be known; ते (te) - they; पङ्क्तिपावनाः (paṅktipāvanāḥ) - purifiers of the line (the śrāddha feast row);]
(Initiated in the vow of Vedic knowledge Brāhmaṇas, all indeed verily. Of those entitled to the śrāddha-row, but now I shall declare, they are to be known as purifiers of the line.)
Brāhmaṇas who have undertaken the vow of Vedic study—indeed, all of them—are worthy. But now I shall declare those entitled to sit in the śrāddha row; they are to be regarded as purifiers of the śrāddha assembly. (13-90-19)
त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित्। ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः ॥१३-९०-२०॥
triṇāciketaḥ pañcāgnis trisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavit। brahmadeyānusantānaś chandogo jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ ॥13-90-20॥
[त्रिणाचिकेतः (triṇāciketaḥ) - knower of the three Nachiketas (fires); पञ्चाग्निः (pañcāgniḥ) - one who knows the five fires; त्रिसुपर्णः (trisuparṇaḥ) - knower of three Suparṇas (verses or sections); षडङ्गवित् (ṣaḍaṅgavit) - knower of the six limbs (of the Veda); ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तानः (brahmadeyānusantānaḥ) - continuing the giving (offering) to the Brahman; छन्दोगः (chandogaḥ) - a singer of the Chandas (metres); ज्येष्ठसामगः (jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ) - a singer of the most excellent Sāman (melody);]
(knower of the three Nachiketas, knower of the five fires, knower of three Suparṇas, knower of the six limbs, continuing the offering to the Brahman, singer of the Chandas, singer of the most excellent Sāman (melody) (13-90-20))
He is the knower of the three Nachiketas fires, the five fires, the three Suparṇas, and the six limbs; one who continues giving offerings to Brahman, singer of Chandas metres, and singer of the most excellent Sāman. (13-90-20)
मातापित्रोर्यश्च वश्यः श्रोत्रियो दशपूरुषः। ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा ॥ वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥१३-९०-२१॥
mātāpitroryaśca vaśyaḥ śrotriyo daśapūruṣaḥ। ṛtukālābhigāmī ca dharmapatnīṣu yaḥ sadā ॥ vedavidyāvratasnāto vipraḥ paṅktiṃ punātyuta ॥13-90-21॥
[मातापित्रोः (mātāpitror) - of the mother and father; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; वश्यः (vaśyaḥ) - obedient; श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - versed in the Veda; दशपूरुषः (daśapūruṣaḥ) - of ten (generations of) ancestors; ऋतुकालाभिगामी (ṛtukālābhigāmī) - who approaches at the (proper) season; च (ca) - and; धर्मपत्नीषु (dharmapatnīṣu) - with lawful wives; यः (yaḥ) - who; सदा (sadā) - always; वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातः (vedavidyāvratasnātaḥ) - who has completed the vow and the study of the Veda; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; पङ्क्तिम् (paṅktim) - the company (for a meal); पुनाति (punāti) - purifies; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Who is obedient to mother and father, and who is versed in the Veda, belonging to a lineage of ten ancestors, who approaches his lawful wives always at the (proper) time, who has completed the vow and study of the Veda, the brāhmaṇa indeed purifies the company (for a meal).)
A brāhmaṇa who is obedient to his mother and father, versed in the Veda through ten generations, who approaches his lawful wives at the proper times, and who has completed the vow and Vedic study, indeed purifies the dining company. (13-90-21)
अथर्वशिरसोऽध्येता ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः। सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च यः ॥१३-९०-२२॥
atharvaśiraso'dhyetā brahmacārī yatavrataḥ। satyavādī dharmaśīlaḥ svakarmanirataśca yaḥ॥13-90-22॥
[अथर्वशिरसः (atharvaśirasaḥ) - of the Atharvaśiras (Upaniṣad); अधेता (adhyetā) - reciter; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - student devoted to Brahman; celibate; यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - practicing self-restraint; सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - speaker of truth; धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - having the nature of dharma; virtuous; स्वकर्मनिरतः (svakarmanirataḥ) - devoted to one's own duties; engaged in his own work; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who;]
(He who is the reciter of the Atharvaśiras, a brahmacārī, practicing self-restraint, speaker of truth, possessing the nature of dharma, devoted to his own duties, and who;)
He who is the reciter of the Atharvaśiras, a celibate student practicing self-restraint, truthful, virtuous, and devoted to his own duties (13-90-22)
ये च पुण्येषु तीर्थेषु अभिषेककृतश्रमाः। मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भवन्त्यवभृथाप्लुताः ॥१३-९०-२३॥
ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ। makheṣu ca samantriṣu bhavantyavabhṛthāplutāḥ ॥13-90-23॥
[ये (ye) - who; (those) who; च (ca) - and; पुण्येषु (puṇyeṣu) - in the auspicious; in sacred (places); तीर्थेषु (tīrtheṣu) - in the holy places; in pilgrimage spots; अभिषेककृतश्रमाः (abhiṣeka-kṛta-śramāḥ) - (those) whose fatigue is caused by ablutions; those who are wearied by bathing; मखेषु (makheṣu) - in the sacrifices; in rituals; च (ca) - and; समन्त्रेषु (samantriṣu) - with mantras; accompanied by incantations; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; are; अवभृथाप्लुताः (avabhṛthāplutāḥ) - those who have bathed at the conclusion ritual; purified by the final bath;]
(And those who in auspicious places in holy places whose fatigue is caused by ablutions, and in sacrifices with mantras they become purified by the final bath.)
And those who, in sacred pilgrimage sites, become wearied by ablutions, and who in the rituals accompanied by mantras undergo the concluding ceremonial bath, are purified. (13-90-23)
अक्रोधना अचपलाः क्षान्ता दान्ता जितेन्द्रियाः। सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ॥ एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥१३-९०-२४॥
akrodhanā acapalāḥ kṣāntā dāntā jitendriyāḥ। sarvabhūtahitā ye ca śrāddheṣv etān nimantrayet॥ eteṣu dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅkti-pāvanāḥ॥13-90-24॥
[अक्रोधना (akrodhanā) - free from anger; अचपलाः (acapalāḥ) - unwavering; क्षान्ता (kṣāntā) - forbearing; दान्ता (dāntā) - self-restrained; जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - masters of the senses; सर्वभूतहिता (sarvabhūtahitā) - well-wishers of all beings; ये (ye) - those who; च (ca) - and; श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - in śrāddha ceremonies; एतान् (etān) - these (persons); निमन्त्रयेत् (nimantrayet) - one should invite; एतेषु (eteṣu) - unto these; दत्तम् (dattam) - the given (offering); अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable; एते (ete) - these; वै (vai) - indeed; पङ्क्तिपावनाः (paṅktipāvanāḥ) - purifiers of the rows;]
(Free from anger, unwavering, forbearing, self-restrained, masters of the senses, well-wishers of all beings, those who (are such) and in śrāddha ceremonies one should invite these persons. Unto these, the given (offering) is imperishable. These indeed are purifiers of the rows.)
Those who are free from anger, steadfast, forbearing, self-controlled, who have mastered their senses, and are well-wishers of all beings—these are the people one should invite to śrāddha ceremonies. Whatever is given to them becomes imperishable, for they indeed purify the assembly. (13-90-24)
इमे परे महाराज विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः। यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगाः सुचरितव्रताः ॥१३-९०-२५॥
ime pare mahārāja vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ। yatayo mokṣadharmajñā yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ॥ 13-90-25॥
[इमे (ime) - these; परे (pare) - others; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - are to be known; पङ्क्तिपावनाः (paṅktipāvanāḥ) - purifiers of a line (at a ritual meal); यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics; मोक्षधर्मज्ञाः (mokṣadharmajñāḥ) - knowers of the law of liberation; योगाः (yogāḥ) - practitioners of yoga; सुचरितव्रताः (sucarita-vratāḥ) - those whose vows are well-practiced;]
(These others, O great king, are to be known as purifiers of the ritual line: ascetics, knowers of the law of liberation, yogins, and those whose vows are well-practiced.)
O great king, these others are to be known as purifiers of the ritual company: ascetics, knowers of the law of liberation, yogins, and those whose vows are well-observed. (13-90-25)
ये चेतिहासं प्रयताः श्रावयन्ति द्विजोत्तमान्। ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः ॥१३-९०-२६॥
ye caitihāsaṃ prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān। ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecidye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ ॥13-90-26॥
[ये (ye) - who; (those who); च (ca) - and; इतिहासं (itihāsaṃ) - history; प्रयताः (prayatāḥ) - devoted; diligent; श्रावयन्ति (śrāvayanti) - cause to be heard; cause to listen; द्विजोत्तमान् (dvijottamān) - the best among twice-born; excellent Brāhmaṇas; ये (ye) - who; (those who); च (ca) - and; भाष्यविदः (bhāṣyavidaḥ) - versed in commentaries; केचित् (kecit) - some; ये (ye) - who; (those who); च (ca) - and; व्याकरणे (vyākaraṇe) - in grammar; रताः (ratāḥ) - engaged; devoted;]
(Those who, and, history, devoted, cause to be heard, the best among twice-born; who, and, versed in commentaries, some; who, and, in grammar, engaged;)
Those who are devoted to making the twice-born best hear the itihāsa (history), those who are versed in commentaries, some, and those who are engaged in grammar; (13-90-26)
अधीयते पुराणं ये धर्मशास्त्राण्यथापि च। अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः ॥१३-९०-२७॥
adhīyate purāṇaṃ ye dharmaśāstrāṇyathāpi ca। adhītya ca yathānyāyaṃ vidhivat tasya kāriṇaḥ ॥13-90-27॥
[अधीयते (adhīyate) - is studied; पुराणं (purāṇam) - Purāṇa; ये (ye) - who; धर्मशास्त्राणि (dharmaśāstrāṇi) - Dharmaśāstras; अथापि (athāpi) - and also; च (ca) - and; अधीत्य (adhītya) - studying; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - as; अन्यायं (anyāyam) - according to law; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - in proper manner; तस्य (tasya) - his; कारिणः (kāriṇaḥ) - act; doer;]
(The Purāṇa is studied; who (studies) the Dharmaśāstras and also; and, having studied, as is lawful, in the proper manner, his act (is) (done).)
The person who studies the Purāṇas and the Dharmaśāstras, and, having studied them properly in accordance with the law, acts accordingly, his actions are correctly performed. (13-90-27)
उपपन्नो गुरुकुले सत्यवादी सहस्रदः। अग्र्यः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ॥१३-९०-२८॥
upapanno gurukule satyavādī sahasradaḥ। agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca ॥13-90-28॥
[उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - well-born; attained; endowed with; present; गुरुकुले (gurukule) - at the house of the teacher; in the preceptor’s family; सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker; one who speaks the truth; सहस्रदः (sahasradaḥ) - one who gives thousands; liberal giver; अग्र्यः (agryaḥ) - foremost; chief; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - among all; in all; वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas; सर्वप्रवचनेषु (sarvapravacaneṣu) - in all recitations; in all discourses; च (ca) - and;]
(Endowed at the teacher’s house, truth-speaker, giver of thousands; foremost among all the Vedas and in all discourses and.)
Born and educated at the preceptor’s house, speaking truth, liberal giver of thousands, he was foremost in all the Vedas and in all recitations and teachings. (13-90-28)
यावदेते प्रपश्यन्ति पङ्क्त्यास्तावत्पुनन्त्युत। ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते ॥१३-९०-२९॥
yāvadete prapaśyanti paṅktyāstāvatpunantyuta. tato hi pāvanātpaṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvana ucyate ॥13-90-29॥
[यावत् (yāvat) - so long as; as much as; एते (ete) - these; they; प्रपश्यन्ति (prapaśyanti) - see; observe; पङ्क्त्याः (paṅktyāḥ) - of the line (of people); of the row; तावत् (tāvat) - so much; to that extent; पुनन्ति (punanti) - they purify; cleanse; उत (uta) - indeed; moreover; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; then; हि (hi) - indeed; for; पावनात् (pāvanāt) - from the purifier; from purification; पङ्क्त्याः (paṅktyāḥ) - of the line (of people); of the row; पङ्क्तिपावनः (paṅktipāvanaḥ) - the purifier of the group (row); उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; is said; ॥१३-९०-२९॥ (॥13-90-29॥) - ;]
(So long as these see the row, so long they indeed purify. Therefore, from the purifier of the row, the purifier of the group is said.)
As long as these observe the row, they purify to that extent. Therefore, because of purifying the row, the purifier-of-the-row is so called. (13-90-29)
क्रोशादर्धतृतीयात्तु पावयेदेक एव हि। ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥१३-९०-३०॥
krośād-ardha-tṛtīyāt tu pāvayed eka eva hi. brahmadeyānusantāna iti brahmavido viduḥ ॥13-90-30॥
[क्रोशात् (krośāt) - from a krośa; (a krośa is a measure of distance, ~3 km); अर्धतृतीयात् (ardha-tṛtīyāt) - from one and a half plus a third (of a krośa); तु (tu) - but; पावयेत् (pāvayet) - should purify; एकः (ekaḥ) - one (person); एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - surely; ब्रह्मदेय (brahmadeya) - gift to a Brāhmaṇa; अनुसन्तान (anusantāna) - succession, continuation; इति (iti) - thus; ब्रह्मविदः (brahmavidaḥ) - those who know Brahman; the learned Brāhmaṇas; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]
(But from a krośa and a half plus a third, one alone should purify indeed. This is the succession of gifts to a Brāhmaṇa, thus the knowers of Brahman know.)
But, starting from one and a half plus a third of a krośa, it is said that only one (person) should conduct the purification. This is regarded by those learned in Brahman as the proper succession concerning gifts to Brāhmaṇas. (13-90-30)
अनृत्विगनुपाध्यायः स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत्। ऋत्विग्भिरननुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥१३-९०-३१॥
anṛtviganupādhyāyaḥ sa ced agrāsanaṃ vrajet | ṛtvigbhir ananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam ॥13-90-31॥
[अनृत्विगनुपाध्यायः (anṛtviganupādhyāyaḥ) - not-ṛtvik and not-upādhyāya (one who is neither an officiating priest nor a teacher); सः (saḥ) - he; चेत् (cet) - if; अग्रासनम् (agrāsanam) - front seat; व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should go; ऋत्विग्भिः (ṛtvigbhiḥ) - by the priests; अननुज्ञातः (ananujñātaḥ) - not permitted; पङ्क्त्या (paṅktyā) - with the row (of people; with the group); हरति (harati) - removes; दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - wrong action; sin;]
(One who is neither ṛtvik nor upādhyāya, if he should go to the front seat and, not permitted by the priests, eats with the row, removes (brings) sin.)
If someone who is neither a priest nor a teacher takes a seat at the front without permission from the priests and eats with the group, he incurs sin. (13-90-31)
अथ चेद्वेदवित्सर्वैः पङ्क्तिदोषैर्विवर्जितः। न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥१३-९०-३२॥
atha ced vedavit sarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣair vivarjitaḥ। na ca syāt patito rājan paṅktipāvana eva saḥ॥13-90-32॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; चेत् (cet) - if; वेदवित् (vedavit) - knower of the Veda; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; पङ्क्तिदोषैः (paṅktidoṣaiḥ) - defects relating to group/lineage; विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) - one who is free from; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; is; पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen; राजन् (rājan) - O king; पङ्क्तिपावनः (paṅktipāvanaḥ) - purifier of the group; एव (eva) - certainly; only; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Now if the knower of the Veda is free from all defects relating to the group, and is not fallen, O king, he is certainly the purifier of the group.)
O king, if a knower of the Veda is free from all group-related defects and is not fallen, he alone is the purifier of the group. (13-90-32)
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन परीक्ष्यामन्त्रयेद्द्विजान्। स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रुतान् ॥१३-९०-३३॥
tasmātsarvaprayatnena parīkṣyāmantrayeddvijān। svakarma-niratān-dāntān-kule jātān-bahuśrutān ॥13-90-33॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सर्वप्रयत्नेन (sarvaprayatnena) - with every effort; परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - having examined; अमन्त्रयेत् (amantrayet) - should consult; द्विजान् (dvijān) - the twice-born; स्वकर्मनिरतान् (svakarma-niratān) - engaged in their own duty; दान्तान् (dāntān) - self-controlled; कुले (kule) - in good family; जातान् (jātān) - born; बहुश्रुतान् (bahuśrutān) - well-versed in scriptures;]
(Therefore, with every effort, having examined, one should consult the twice-born who are engaged in their own duties, self-controlled, born in good family, well-versed in scriptures.)
Therefore, one should diligently consult the twice-born who are self-controlled, engaged in their own duties, born in good families, and well-versed in the scriptures, after properly examining them. (13-90-33)
यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च। न प्रीणाति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥१३-९०-३४॥
yasya mitra-pradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca। na prīṇāti pitṝn devān svargaṃ ca na sa gacchati॥13-90-34॥
[यस्य (yasya) - whose; मित्रप्रधानानि (mitra-pradhānāni) - having friends as chief (i.e. dominated by friendship); श्राद्धानि (śrāddhāni) - śrāddha offerings; च (ca) - and; हवींषि (havīṃṣi) - oblations; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; प्रीणाति (prīṇāti) - pleases; पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors; देवान् (devān) - gods; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - he; गच्छति (gacchati) - attains;]
(Whose śrāddha offerings and oblations are dominated by friendship, does not please ancestors, gods, and does not attain heaven, that one.)
He whose śrāddha offerings and rituals are led by friendship does not please the ancestors and gods, and he does not attain heaven. (13-90-34)
यश्च श्राद्धे कुरुते सङ्गतानि; न देवयानेन पथा स याति। स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा; स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥१३-९०-३५॥
yaś ca śrāddhe kurute saṅgatāni; na devayānena pathā sa yāti. sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṃ bandhanād vā; svargāl lokāc cyavate śrāddhamitraḥ ॥13-90-35॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - at the śrāddha; कुरुते (kurute) - does; सङ्गतानि (saṅgatāni) - attachments; न (na) - not; देवयानेन (devayānena) - by the way of the gods (devayāna); पथा (pathā) - by the path; स (sa) - he; याति (yāti) - goes; स (sa) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; पिप्पलं (pippalaṃ) - bond; बन्धनात् (bandhanāt) - from bondage; वा (vā) - or; स्वर्गाल्लोकात् (svargāl lokāt) - from the world of heaven; च्यवते (cyavate) - falls; श्राद्धमित्रः (śrāddhamitraḥ) - friend of the śrāddha;]
(Who, at the śrāddha, makes attachments; not by the path of the gods does he go. He indeed, liberated, either from bondage or from the bond, from the world of heaven falls, the friend of the śrāddha.)
He who forms attachments at the śrāddha does not go by the divine path. Rather, even if freed from bondage, the friend of the śrāddha falls from the heavenly world. (13-90-35)
तस्मान्मित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत; दद्यान्मित्रेभ्यः सङ्ग्रहार्थं धनानि। यं मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं; तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥१३-९०-३६॥
tasmān-mitraṁ śrāddhakṛnnādriyeta; dadyānmitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārthaṁ dhanāni। yaṁ manyate naiva śatruṁ na mitraṁ; taṁ madhyasthaṁ bhojayed dhavyakavye ॥13-90-36॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; श्राद्धकृत् (śrāddhakṛt) - performer of śrāddha (ancestral rite); न (na) - not; आद्रियेत (ādriyeta) - should honor; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; मित्रेभ्यः (mitrebhyaḥ) - to the friends; संग्रहार्थम् (saṅgrahārtham) - for the purpose of collective (gathering); धनानि (dhanāni) - wealth; यम् (yam) - whom; मन्यते (manyate) - one regards; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy; न (na) - not; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; तम् (tam) - him; मध्यस्थम् (madhyastham) - neutral (one in the middle); भोजयेत् (bhojayet) - should feed; हव्यकव्ये (havyakavye) - at the offering of oblations to gods and ancestors;]
(Therefore, a friend the performer of śrāddha should not honor; should give to friends for the purpose of gathering wealth. Whom one regards not indeed as enemy not as friend, him, the neutral, should feed at the havyakavya.)
Therefore, one performing śrāddha should not honor a friend, but should give wealth gathered for distribution to friends. The one whom one considers neither as friend nor enemy, that neutral person should be fed at the offering to gods and ancestors. (13-90-36)
यथोषरे बीजमुप्तं न रोहे; न चास्योप्ता प्राप्नुयाद्बीजभागम्। एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणै; र्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥१३-९०-३७॥
yathoṣare bījam-uptaṃ na rohe; na cāsyoptā prāpnuyād bījabhāgam। evaṃ śrāddhaṃ bhuktam anarhamāṇaiḥ na ca iha na amutra phalaṃ dadāti ॥13-90-37॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; उषरे (uṣare) - in barren land; बीजम् (bījam) - seed; उप्तं (uptam) - sown; न (na) - not; रोहेत् (rohet) - sprouts; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - to him; उप्ताः (uptāḥ) - the sower; प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - would obtain; बीज-भागम् (bīja-bhāgam) - fruit of the seed; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha offering; भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - eaten; अनर्ह-माणैः (anarhamāṇaiḥ) - by the unworthy; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; न (na) - not; अमुत्र (amutra) - thereafter; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; ददाति (dadāti) - gives;]
(Just as in barren land a seed sown does not sprout, nor does its sower obtain the fruit of the seed; thus, a śrāddha offering eaten by the unworthy does not give fruit either here or hereafter.)
Just as a seed sown in barren land does not sprout, and the sower does not obtain its fruit, so a śrāddha offering consumed by the unworthy yields no fruit, either in this world or the next. (13-90-37)
ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति। तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥१३-९०-३८॥
brāhmaṇo hy anadhīyānas tṛṇāgnir iva śāmyati। tasmai śrāddhaṃ na dātavyaṃ na hi bhasmani hūyate ॥13-90-38॥
[ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; (a) Brahmin; हि (hi) - indeed; अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - not-learning; one not studying (Vedas); तृण-अग्निः-इव (tṛṇa-agniḥ-iva) - like grass-fire; शाम्यति (śāmyati) - is extinguished; तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha (ritual offering); न (na) - not; दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - to be given; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; भस्मनि (bhasmani) - in ashes; हूयते (hūyate) - is offered;]
(A Brahmin indeed who does not study becomes extinguished like a grass-fire; for him, śrāddha is not to be given, indeed an offering is not made into ashes. (13-90-38))
A Brahmin who does not study is extinguished like a fire of dry grass; one should not give the śrāddha offering to him, for a sacrifice is never made into ashes. (13-90-38)
सम्भोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा; सा नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति। इहैव सा भ्राम्यति क्षीणपुण्या; शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥१३-९०-३९॥
sambhojanī nāma piśāca-dakṣiṇā; sā naiva devān na pitṝn upaiti. ihaiva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇa-puṇyā; śāla-antare gauḥ iva naṣṭa-vatsā ॥13-90-39॥
[सम्भोजनी (sambhojanī) - eaten-by-others-offering; नाम (nāma) - named; पिशाचदक्षिणा (piśāca-dakṣiṇā) - piśāca-offering; सा (sā) - she; नैव (naiva) - not indeed; देवान् (devān) - the gods; न (na) - not; पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors; उपैति (upaiti) - reaches; इहैव (ihaiva) - here itself; सा (sā) - she; भ्राम्यति (bhrāmyati) - wanders; क्षीणपुण्या (kṣīṇa-puṇyā) - whose merit is exhausted; शालान्तरे (śāla-antare) - in another cottage; गौरिव (gauḥ iva) - like a cow; नष्टवत्सा (naṣṭa-vatsā) - whose calf is lost;]
(The offering named sambhojanī, a piśāca-offering; she indeed reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors. Here itself, she wanders, whose merit is exhausted; in another cottage, like a cow whose calf is lost.)
The offering called sambhojanī, which is a piśāca-offering, does not reach the gods nor the ancestors. Instead, she wanders here with her merit exhausted, just like a cow whose calf is lost, straying into another cowshed. (13-90-39)
यथाग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति; तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति। तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च; यां चानृचे दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥१३-९०-४०॥
yathāgnau śānte ghṛtam ājuhoti; tan naiva devān na pitṝn upaiti. tathā dattaṃ nartane gāyane ca; yāṃ ca anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti ॥13-90-40॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; अग्नौ (agnau) - in fire; शान्ते (śānte) - extinguished; घृतम् (ghṛtam) - clarified butter; आजुहोति (ājuhoti) - offers; तत् (tat) - that; नैव (na eva) - not indeed; देवान् (devān) - to the gods; न (na) - not; पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the ancestors; उपैति (upaiti) - reaches; तथा (tathā) - so; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; नर्तने (nartane) - in dancing; गायने (gāyane) - in singing; च (ca) - and; याम् (yām) - which; च (ca) - and; अनृचे (anṛce) - by one not chanting Ṛc; दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - dakṣiṇā (offering); आवृणोति (āvṛṇoti) - appoints;]
(Just as one offering clarified butter in extinguished fire, that does not reach the gods nor the ancestors. So, that which is given in dancing and singing, and the dakṣiṇā which one appoints by one not chanting Ṛc hymns.)
Just as offering clarified butter into an extinguished fire does not reach the gods or ancestors, so also gifts given during dancing and singing, and a dakṣiṇā appointed by one who does not chant Ṛc hymns, do not reach their intended recipients. (13-90-40)
उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा; या चानृचे दक्षिणा दीयते वै। आघातनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती; तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥१३-९०-४१॥
ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā; yā cānṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai. āghātanī garhitaiṣā patantī; teṣāṃ pretānpātayeddevayānāt ॥13-90-41॥
[उभौ (ubhau) - both; हिनस्ति (hinasti) - destroys; न (na) - not; भुनक्ति (bhunakti) - enjoys; च (ca) - and; एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine); या (yā) - which; च (ca) - and; अनृचे (anṛce) - to one not reciting sacred texts; दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - gift (religious fee); दीयते (dīyate) - is given; वै (vai) - indeed; आघातनी (āghātanī) - bringing misfortune; गर्हिता (garhitā) - blameworthy; एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine); पतन्ती (patantī) - causing to fall; तेषां (teṣām) - of them; प्रेतान् (pretān) - departed souls; पातयेत् (pātayet) - causes to fall; देवयानात् (devayānāt) - from the path of the gods;]
(Both destroys, not enjoys, and this; which and to one not reciting sacred texts dakṣiṇā is given indeed. Bringing misfortune, blameworthy, this causing to fall; of them the departed souls causes to fall from the path of the gods. (13-90-41))
This gift, which is given to one not reciting the sacred texts, destroys both (the giver and recipient), and neither enjoys it; indeed, such a gift is blameworthy and brings misfortune, causing the souls of those people to fall from the path of the gods. (13-90-41)
ऋषीणां समयं नित्यं ये चरन्ति युधिष्ठिर। निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥१३-९०-४२॥
ṛṣīṇāṃ samayaṃ nityaṃ ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira। niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāstān devā brāhmaṇān viduḥ ॥13-90-42॥
[ऋषीणां (ṛṣīṇām) - of the ṛṣis; समयं (samayam) - practice; custom; नित्यं (nityam) - always; continually; ये (ye) - those who; चरन्ति (caranti) - practice; follow; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; निश्चिताः (niścitāḥ) - well-established; fixed; सर्वधर्मज्ञाः (sarvadharmajñāḥ) - knowers of all dharmas; versed in all duties; तान् (tān) - them; those; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - brāhmaṇas; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; recognize;]
(O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who always practice the practice of the ṛṣis, well-established, knowers of all duties—the gods recognize them as brāhmaṇas.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, the gods recognize as brāhmaṇas those who are firmly established, know all forms of dharma, and always follow the customs of the ṛṣis. (13-90-42)
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च। तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥१३-९०-४३॥
svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhās tathaiva ca। taponishṭhāś ca boddhavyāḥ karmanishtāś ca bhārata ॥13-90-43॥
[स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा (svādhyāyaniṣṭhā) - established in self-study; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; ज्ञाननिष्ठाः (jñānaniṣṭhāḥ) - established in knowledge; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; च (ca) - and; तपोनिष्ठाः (taponishṭhāḥ) - established in austerity; च (ca) - and; बोद्धव्याः (boddhavyāḥ) - are to be understood as; कर्मनिष्ठाः (karmanishtāḥ) - established in action; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Sages established in self-study, those established in knowledge, just so, and those established in austerity and those established in action, O Bhārata, are to be understood as such.)
O Bhārata, sages established in self-study, knowledge, austerity, and action are to be understood as such. (13-90-43)
कव्यानि ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि भारत। तत्र ये ब्राह्मणाः केचिन्न निन्दति हि ते वराः ॥१३-९०-४४॥
kavyāni jñānaniṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata। tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecin na nindati hi te varāḥ ॥13-90-44॥
[कव्यानि (kavyāni) - poetic compositions; ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः (jñānaniṣṭhebhyaḥ) - to those established in knowledge; प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि (pratiṣṭhāpyāni) - to be established; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; तत्र (tatra) - there; ये (ye) - who; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brāhmaṇas; केचित् (kecit) - some; न (na) - not; निन्दति (nindati) - criticize; हि (hi) - certainly; ते (te) - those; वराः (varāḥ) - excellent;]
(Poetic compositions to those established in knowledge are to be established, O Bhārata. There, who brāhmaṇas some do not criticize, indeed those are excellent.)
O Bhārata, poetic compositions should be entrusted to those firmly established in knowledge. Among them, the brāhmaṇas who do not criticize are indeed the best. (13-90-44)
ये तु निन्दन्ति जल्पेषु न ताञ्श्राद्धेषु भोजयेत्। ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रिपुरुषं कुलम् ॥१३-९०-४५॥
ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tāñśrāddheṣu bhojayet. brāhmaṇā ninditā rājanhanyustripuruṣaṃ kulam ॥13-90-45॥
[ये (ye) - who; तु (tu) - but; निन्दन्ति (nindanti) - speak ill (of); जल्पेषु (jalpeṣu) - in gossip; न (na) - not; तान् (tān) - them; श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - at śrāddha-rites; भोजयेत् (bhojayet) - should cause to be fed; ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - brāhmaṇas; निन्दिता (ninditā) - reviled; राजन् (rājan) - O King; हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - would destroy; त्रिपुरुषं (tripuruṣam) - three-generational; कुलम् (kulam) - family;]
(Who but speak ill in gossip, those do not at śrāddha-rites cause them to be fed. Brāhmaṇas reviled, O King, would destroy the three-generational family.)
But those who speak ill in gossip should not be fed at śrāddha-rites. Reviled brāhmaṇas, O King, would destroy the family for three generations. (13-90-45)
वैखानसानां वचनमृषीणां श्रूयते नृप। दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ॥ प्रियान्वा यदि वा द्वेष्यांस्तेषु तच्छ्राद्धमावपेत् ॥१३-९०-४६॥
vaikhānasānāṃ vacanam ṛṣīṇāṃ śrūyate nṛpa। dūrād eva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇān vedapāragān॥ priyān vā yadi vā dveṣyāṃs teṣu tac chrāddham āvapet॥13-90-46॥
[वैखानसानां (vaikhānasānām) - of the Vaikhānasa-s; (a group of ancient sages); वचनम् (vacanam) - statement; speech; ऋषीणां (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages; श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance; एव (eva) - indeed; itself; परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should examine; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brahmins; वेदपारगान् (vedapāragān) - those accomplished in the Vedas; प्रियान् (priyān) - those who are dear; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; द्वेष्यान् (dveṣyān) - those who are disliked; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; तत् (tat) - that; श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha (rite for ancestors); आवपेत् (āvapet) - should offer;]
(O king, the statement of the Vaikhānasa sages is heard: indeed, one should examine the Brahmins accomplished in the Vedas from a distance. Whether they are dear or disliked, among them one should offer that śrāddha.)
O king, it is said by the Vaikhānasa sages that one should carefully examine, even from a distance, the Brahmins accomplished in the Vedas, and offer the śrāddha among them—whether they are dear or disliked. (13-90-46)
यः सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयेदनृचां नरः। एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥१३-९०-४७॥
yaḥ sahasraṃ sahasrāṇāṃ bhojayeda-nṛcāṃ naraḥ। ekas tām mantravit prītaḥ sarvān arhati bhārata॥13-90-47॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; सहस्रं (sahasram) - a thousand; सहस्राणां (sahasrāṇām) - of thousands; भोजयेत् (bhojayet) - should feed; अनृचां (anṛcām) - of those not-knowing ṛc (Vedas); नरः (naraḥ) - a man; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; तान् (tān) - them; मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - knower of mantras; प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - with satisfaction; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Who a thousand of thousands should feed of those not-knowing ṛc, a man; one of them, the knower of mantras, with satisfaction, all is worthy, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, if a man should feed thousands upon thousands of those unversed in the ṛc (Vedas), a single satisfied knower of mantras surpasses them all. (13-90-47)
