13.091
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
केन सङ्कल्पितं श्राद्धं कस्मिन्काले किमात्मकम्। भृग्वङ्गिरसके काले मुनिना कतरेण वा ॥१३-९१-१॥
kena saṅkalpitaṃ śrāddhaṃ kasmin kāle kim-ātmakam। bhṛgv-aṅgirasake kāle muninā katareṇa vā ॥13-91-1॥
[केन (kena) - by whom; सङ्कल्पितं (saṅkalpitam) - conceived; श्राद्धं (śrāddham) - śrāddha (ritual); कस्मिन्काले (kasmin kāle) - at what time; किमात्मकम् (kim-ātmakam) - of what nature; भृग्वङ्गिरसके (bhṛgv-aṅgirasake) - in the time of Bhr̥gu and Aṅgiras; काले (kāle) - in the time; मुनिना (muninā) - by the sage; कतरेण (katareṇa) - by which (one); वा (vā) - or;]
(By whom was the śrāddha conceived, at what time, of what nature? In the time of Bhr̥gu and Aṅgiras, by which sage or?)
By whom was the śrāddha ritual conceived, at what time, and of what nature? During the era of Bhr̥gu and Aṅgiras, by which sage was it established, or by whom? (13-91-1)
कानि श्राद्धेषु वर्ज्यानि तथा मूलफलानि च। धान्यजातिश्च का वर्ज्या तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-९१-२॥
kāni śrāddheṣu varjyāni tathā mūlaphalāni ca। dhānyajātiś ca kā varjyā tan me brūhi pitāmaha॥13-91-2॥
[कानि (kāni) - which (things); श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - in the śrāddha rites; वर्ज्यानि (varjyāni) - to be avoided; (which are) prohibited; तथा (tathā) - also; in the same way; मूलफलानि (mūlaphalāni) - roots and fruits; च (ca) - and; धान्यजातिः (dhānyajātiḥ) - types of grains; च (ca) - and; का (kā) - which (is); वर्ज्या (varjyā) - to be avoided; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather;]
(Which, in the śrāddha rites, are to be avoided, also roots and fruits and types of grains— which is to be avoided? That, to me, tell, O Grandfather.)
O Grandfather, tell me which things are to be avoided in the śrāddha rites, and also which roots, fruits, and types of grains are to be avoided. (13-91-2)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
यथा श्राद्धं सम्प्रवृत्तं यस्मिन्काले यदात्मकम्। येन सङ्कल्पितं चैव तन्मे शृणु जनाधिप ॥१३-९१-३॥
yathā śrāddhaṁ sampravṛttaṁ yasmin kāle yad-ātmakam। yena saṅkalpitaṁ caiva tan me śṛṇu janādhipa ॥13-91-3॥
[यथा (yathā) - as; in what manner; श्राद्धं (śrāddham) - the śrāddha rite; सम्प्रवृत्तं (sampravṛttam) - performed; commenced; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; काले (kāle) - time; यदात्मकम् (yad-ātmakam) - of what nature; येन (yena) - by which; सङ्कल्पितं (saṅkalpitam) - resolved; decided; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men;]
(As the śrāddha is performed, in which time, of what nature, by which it is resolved and indeed, that to me listen, O lord of men.)
O lord of men, listen to me as I explain in what manner the śrāddha is performed, at what time, of what nature, and by what resolve. (13-91-3)
स्वायम्भुवोऽत्रिः कौरव्य परमर्षिः प्रतापवान्। तस्य वंशे महाराज दत्तात्रेय इति स्मृतः ॥१३-९१-४॥
svāyambhuvo'triḥ kauravya paramarṣiḥ pratāpavān। tasya vaṃśe mahārāja dattātreya iti smṛtaḥ ॥13-91-4॥
[स्वायम्भुवः (svāyambhuvaḥ) - descendant of Svāyambhuva (Manu); अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (proper noun); कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; परमर्षिः (paramarṣiḥ) - the supreme ṛṣi; प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful; तस्य (tasya) - of him; वंशे (vaṃśe) - in the lineage; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; दत्तात्रेय (dattātreya) - Dattātreya (proper noun); इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is known;]
(Svāyambhuva Atri, O Kauravya, the supreme ṛṣi, powerful; in his lineage, O great king, Dattātreya thus is known.)
Atri, the Svāyambhuva and a most powerful supreme sage, O Kauravya, in his lineage, O great king, Dattātreya is known. (13-91-4)
दत्तात्रेयस्य पुत्रोऽभून्निमिर्नाम तपोधनः। निमेश्चाप्यभवत्पुत्रः श्रीमान्नाम श्रिया वृतः ॥१३-९१-५॥
dattātreyasya putro'bhūnnimirnāma tapodhanaḥ। nimeścāpyabhavatputraḥ śrīmānnāma śriyā vṛtaḥ॥13-91-5॥
[दत्तात्रेयस्य (dattātreyasya) - of Dattātreya; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; अभूत् (abhūt) - was; became; निमिः (nimiḥ) - Nimi; नाम (nāma) - named; तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in austerity; ascetic; निमेः (nimeḥ) - of Nimi; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अभवद् (abhavad) - became; was; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - possessed of fortune; illustrious; नाम (nāma) - named; श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor; with fortune; वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - endowed; possessed;]
(Of Dattātreya, son was became Nimi named, ascetic; of Nimi, and also became son, illustrious named, with fortune endowed.)
Dattātreya had a son named Nimi, who was rich in austerity. Nimi also had a son named Śrīmān, endowed with fortune. (13-91-5)
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तपः। कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागतः ॥१३-९१-६॥
pūrṇe varṣasahasrānte sa kṛtvā duṣkaraṃ tapaḥ. kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanaṃ samupāgataḥ ॥13-91-6॥
[पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when completed; वर्षसहस्रान्ते (varṣa-sahasra-ānte) - at the end of a thousand years; स (sa) - he; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed; दुष्करं (duṣkaraṃ) - difficult; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; कालधर्मपरीतात्मा (kāladharma-parīta-ātmā) - whose self had been overtaken by the law of time; निधनं (nidhanaṃ) - death; समुपागतः (samupāgataḥ) - approached;]
(When completed at the end of a thousand years, he, having performed difficult austerity, his self overtaken by the law of time, approached death.)
When a thousand years had been completed and he had performed severe austerities, overcome by the law of time, he approached death. (13-91-6)
निमिस्तु कृत्वा शौचानि विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा। सन्तापमगमत्तीव्रं पुत्रशोकपरायणः ॥१३-९१-७॥
nimis tu kṛtvā śaucāni vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā। santāpam agamat tīvraṃ putraśokaparāyaṇaḥ॥13-91-7॥
[निमिः (nimiḥ) - Nimi (proper noun, name of king); तु (tu) - but; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; having performed; शौचानि (śaucāni) - purificatory acts; विधिदृष्टेन (vidhidṛṣṭena) - as prescribed by rule; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by the action; सन्तापम् (santāpam) - distress; anguish; अगमत्त् (agamat) - he obtained; he experienced; तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense; पुत्रशोकपरायणः (putraśokaparāyaṇaḥ) - absorbed in the grief of his son;]
(Nimi but having done purificatory acts by the action as prescribed by rule, intense distress he experienced, absorbed in the grief of his son.)
But Nimi, after performing the purificatory rites according to the prescribed rules, being absorbed in grief for his son, experienced intense anguish. (13-91-7)
अथ कृत्वोपहार्याणि चतुर्दश्यां महामतिः। तमेव गणयञ्शोकं विरात्रे प्रत्यबुध्यत ॥१३-९१-८॥
atha kṛtvopahāryāṇi caturdaśyāṃ mahāmatiḥ। tam eva gaṇayan śokaṃ virātre pratyabudhyata ॥13-91-8॥
[अथ (atha) - then; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; उपहार्याणि (upahāryāṇi) - offerings; चतुर्दश्याम् (caturdaśyām) - on the fourteenth (day of lunar fortnight); महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - the great-minded one; तम् (tam) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; गणयन् (gaṇayan) - counting; शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow; विरात्रे (virātre) - at night; प्रत्यबुध्यत (pratyabudhyata) - awoke;]
(Then, having performed the offerings on the fourteenth, the great-minded one, indeed, counting that very sorrow, awoke at night.)
Then, having made the offerings on the fourteenth day, the great-minded man, thinking only of that sorrow, awoke during the night. (13-91-8)
तस्यासीत्प्रतिबुद्धस्य शोकेन पिहितात्मनः। मनः संहृत्य विषये बुद्धिर्विस्तरगामिनी ॥१३-९१-९॥
tasyāsīt pratibuddhasya śokena pihitātmanaḥ। manaḥ saṁhṛtya viṣaye buddhir vistaragāminī ॥13-91-9॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; आसीत् (āsīt) - there was; प्रतिबुद्धस्य (pratibuddhasya) - of the awakened; शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow; पिहितात्मनः (pihitātmanaḥ) - whose self was covered; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; संहृत्य (saṁhṛtya) - having withdrawn; विषये (viṣaye) - in objects; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; विस्तरगामिनी (vistaragāminī) - going into detail;]
(Of him, of the awakened, whose self was covered by sorrow, the mind having been withdrawn from objects, the intellect went into detail.)
His intellect, though awakened, whose self was covered by sorrow, withdrew the mind from objects and began to reflect in detail. (13-91-9)
ततः सञ्चिन्तयामास श्राद्धकल्पं समाहितः। यानि तस्यैव भोज्यानि मूलानि च फलानि च ॥१३-९१-१०॥
tataḥ sañcintayāmāsa śrāddhakalpaṃ samāhitaḥ। yāni tasyaiva bhojyāni mūlāni ca phalāni ca ॥13-91-10॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; from there; सञ्चिन्तयामास (sañcintayāmāsa) - he reflected upon; he thought over; श्राद्धकल्पं (śrāddha-kalpaṃ) - the rite of śrāddha; the śrāddha ceremony; समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - concentrated; focused; composed; यानि (yāni) - which; whatever; तस्यैव (tasyaiva) - of his only; of his indeed; भोज्यानि (bhojyāni) - edibles; foods; मूलानि (mūlāni) - roots; च (ca) - and; फलानि (phalāni) - fruits; च (ca) - and;]
(Then, having reflected with concentration upon the śrāddha rite, whatever edibles, roots and fruits were his own.)
Then, concentrating his mind, he reflected upon the śrāddha ceremony—whatever foods, roots, and fruits were his own to offer. (13-91-10)
उक्तानि यानि चान्यानि यानि चेष्टानि तस्य ह। तानि सर्वाणि मनसा विनिश्चित्य तपोधनः ॥१३-९१-११॥
uktāni yāni ca anyāni yāni ca iṣṭāni tasya ha। tāni sarvāṇi manasā viniścitya tapodhanaḥ ॥13-91-11॥
[उक्तानि (uktāni) - spoken; (things); यानि (yāni) - which; (those that); च (ca) - and; अन्यानि (anyāni) - other; (things); यानि (yāni) - which; (those that); च (ca) - and; इष्टानि (iṣṭāni) - desired; (things); तस्य (tasya) - of him; ह (ha) - indeed; तानि (tāni) - those; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; मनसा (manasā) - with (the) mind; विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having discerned; तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - the ascetic; (literally: 'possessor of austerity as wealth');]
(Spoken which and other which and desired of him indeed; those all with mind having discerned the ascetic;)
The ascetic, having discerned with his mind all those things—spoken, other, and desired, which belonged to him—indeed. (13-91-11)
अमावास्यां महाप्राज्ञ विप्रानानाय्य पूजितान्। दक्षिणावर्तिकाः सर्वा बृसीः स्वयमथाकरोत् ॥१३-९१-१२॥
amāvāsyāṃ mahāprājña viprān ānāya pūjitān। dakṣiṇāvartikāḥ sarvā bṛsīḥ svayam athākarot॥13-91-12॥
[अमावास्यां (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one; विप्रान् (viprān) - brāhmaṇas; आनाय्य (ānāya) - having brought; पूजितान् (pūjitān) - honored; दक्षिणावर्तिकाः (dakṣiṇāvartikāḥ) - rightward-turning; सर्वा (sarvāḥ) - all; बृसीः (bṛsīḥ) - sacrificial mats; स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; अथ (atha) - then; अकरोत् (akarot) - made;]
(On the new moon day, O greatly wise one, having brought and honored brāhmaṇas, rightward-turning all sacrificial mats himself then made.)
On the new moon day, O wise one, he himself then made all the rightward-turning sacrificial mats after having brought and honored the brāhmaṇas. (13-91-12)
सप्त विप्रांस्ततो भोज्ये युगपत्समुपानयत्। ऋते च लवणं भोज्यं श्यामाकान्नं ददौ प्रभुः ॥१३-९१-१३॥
sapta viprāṃs tato bhojye yugapatsamupānayat। ṛte ca lavaṇaṃ bhojyaṃ śyāmākānnaṃ dadau prabhuḥ ॥13-91-13॥
[सप्त (sapta) - seven; विप्रान् (viprān) - brāhmaṇas; ततः (tataḥ) - then; भोज्ये (bhojye) - in food; युगपत् (yugapat) - simultaneously; समुपानयत् (samupānayat) - he brought near; he served; ऋते (ṛte) - without; excluding; च (ca) - and; लवणम् (lavaṇam) - salt; भोज्यं (bhojyam) - food; श्यामाकान्नम् (śyāmākānnam) - grain of śyāmāka (a kind of millet); ददौ (dadau) - he gave; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord;]
(Seven brāhmaṇas, then, in food, simultaneously he brought near. Without and salt, food, śyāmāka grain, he gave, the lord.)
Then the lord brought seven brāhmaṇas together to the meal at once. Excluding salt, he gave them food made of śyāmāka grain. (13-91-13)
दक्षिणाग्रास्ततो दर्भा विष्टरेषु निवेशिताः। पादयोश्चैव विप्राणां ये त्वन्नमुपभुञ्जते ॥१३-९१-१४॥
dakṣiṇāgrās tato darbhā viṣṭareṣu niveśitāḥ। pādayoś caiva viprāṇāṃ ye tvannam upabhuñjate॥13-91-14॥
[दक्षिणाग्राः (dakṣiṇāgrāḥ) - with the tips to the south; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; दर्भाः (darbhāḥ) - darbha grass blades; विष्टरेषु (viṣṭareṣu) - on the mats; निवेशिताः (niveśitāḥ) - are arranged; पादयोर् (pādayor) - at the feet; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; ये (ye) - those who; त्वन्नम् (tvannam) - your food; उपभुञ्जते (upabhuñjate) - eat; ॥१३-९१-१४॥ (13-91-14) -;]
(With the tips to the south, thereafter the darbha grass is arranged on the mats at the feet indeed of the Brāhmaṇas, those who eat your food.)
Afterwards, darbha grass blades, with their tips facing south, are placed on the mats at the feet of those Brāhmaṇas who partake of your food. (13-91-14)
कृत्वा च दक्षिणाग्रान्वै दर्भान्सुप्रयतः शुचिः। प्रददौ श्रीमते पिण्डं नामगोत्रमुदाहरन् ॥१३-९१-१५॥
kṛtvā ca dakṣiṇāgrān vai darbhān suprayataḥ śuciḥ। pradadau śrīmate piṇḍaṃ nāmagotram udāharan ॥13-91-15॥
[कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed;– च (ca) - and;– दक्षिणाग्रान् (dakṣiṇāgrān) - with right-pointing tips;– वै (vai) - indeed;– दर्भान् (darbhān) - darbha grass;– सुप्रयतः (suprayataḥ) - well prepared;– शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure;– प्रददौ (pradadau) - he offered;– श्रीमते (śrīmate) - to the revered one;– पिण्डं (piṇḍam) - the rice-ball (piṇḍa);– नामगोत्रम् (nāmagotram) - name and lineage;– उदाहरन् (udāharan) - uttering;–;]
(Having performed, and with right-pointing tips indeed darbha grass, well prepared, pure, he offered to the revered one the rice-ball, name and lineage uttering.)
Having become pure and well prepared, after arranging darbha grass with the tips towards the south, he offered the rice-ball to the revered one while uttering the name and lineage. (13-91-15)
तत्कृत्वा स मुनिश्रेष्ठो धर्मसङ्करमात्मनः। पश्चात्तापेन महता तप्यमानोऽभ्यचिन्तयत् ॥१३-९१-१६॥
tat-kṛtvā sa muni-śreṣṭhaḥ dharma-saṅkaram-ātmanaḥ। paścāttāpena mahatā tapyamānaḥ abhyacintayat ॥13-91-16॥
[तत्कृत्वा (tat-kṛtvā) - having done that; स (sa) - he; मुनिश्रेष्ठः (muni-śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best among sages; धर्मसङ्करम् (dharma-saṅkaram) - confusion of dharma; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - by himself; पश्चात्तापेन (paścāttāpena) - by remorse; महता (mahatā) - great; तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - being burned; अभ्यचिन्तयत् (abhyacintayat) - he considered;]
(Having done that, he, the best among sages, by (creating) confusion of dharma by himself, being burned by great remorse, considered.)
Having committed that act, the foremost sage, having caused confusion of dharma by himself, being greatly tormented with remorse, reflected. (13-91-16)
अकृतं मुनिभिः पूर्वं किं मयैतदनुष्ठितम्। कथं नु शापेन न मां दहेयुर्ब्राह्मणा इति ॥१३-९१-१७॥
akṛtaṃ munibhiḥ pūrvaṃ kiṃ mayaitadanuṣṭhitam। kathaṃ nu śāpena na māṃ daheyurbrāhmaṇā iti ॥13-91-17॥
[अकृतं (akṛtaṃ) - not done; accomplished; performed; by; मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - by sages; पूर्वं (pūrvaṃ) - before; formerly; किं (kiṃ) - why; what; doubt; मया (mayā) - by me; एतत् (etat) - this; अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - performed; done; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; नु (nu) - indeed; now; (emphasis particle); शापेन (śāpena) - by curse; न (na) - not; माम् (mām) - me; दहेयुः (daheyuḥ) - may burn; might burn; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brāhmaṇas; the brāhmaṇas; इति (iti) - thus; so;]
(This not done by sages before, why was this by me performed? How indeed by a curse may the brāhmaṇas not burn me, thus.)
"This was not done by sages before—why then have I performed it? How, then, by a curse might the brāhmaṇas not burn me?" (13-91-17)
ततः सञ्चिन्तयामास वंशकर्तारमात्मनः। ध्यातमात्रस्तथा चात्रिराजगाम तपोधनः ॥१३-९१-१८॥
tataḥ sañcintayāmāsa vaṃśakartāram ātmanaḥ। dhyātamātras tathā cātrir ājagāma tapodhanaḥ॥13-91-18॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; सञ्चिन्तयामास (sañcintayāmāsa) - he pondered; वंशकर्तारम् (vaṃśakartāram) - progenitor of the lineage; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself; ध्यातमात्रः (dhyātamātraḥ) - just upon being meditated upon; तथा (tathā) - thus; च (ca) - and; अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri; आजगाम (ājagāma) - came; तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - the one rich in austerity;]
(Then he pondered the progenitor of his lineage; just upon being meditated thus, and Atri, the one rich in austerity, came.)
Then he pondered the progenitor of his lineage; and just as he was meditated upon, Atri, the sage rich in austerity, arrived. (13-91-18)
अथात्रिस्तं तथा दृष्ट्वा पुत्रशोकेन कर्शितम्। भृशमाश्वासयामास वाग्भिरिष्टाभिरव्ययः ॥१३-९१-१९॥
athātristaṁ tathā dṛṣṭvā putraśokena karśitam। bhṛśamāśvāsayāmāsa vāgbhiriṣṭābhiravyayaḥ ॥13-91-19॥
[अथ (atha) - then; अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri; तं (taṁ) - him; तथा (tathā) - thus; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by grief for son; कर्शितम् (karśitam) - emaciated; भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly; आश्वासयामास (āśvāsayāmāsa) - consoled; वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words; इष्टाभिः (iṣṭābhiḥ) - auspicious; अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - the imperishable one (Atri, the sage);]
(Then Atri, having seen him thus, emaciated by grief for his son, greatly consoled (him) with auspicious words, the imperishable one.)
Then Atri, seeing him emaciated by grief for his son, greatly consoled him with auspicious words, he who is imperishable. (13-91-19)
निमे सङ्कल्पितस्तेऽयं पितृयज्ञस्तपोधनः। मा ते भूद्भीः पूर्वदृष्टो धर्मोऽयं ब्रह्मणा स्वयम् ॥१३-९१-२०॥
nime saṅkalpitaste'yaṃ pitṛyajñastapodhanaḥ। mā te bhūdbhīḥ pūrvadṛṣṭo dharmo'yaṃ brahmaṇā svayam ॥13-91-20॥
[निमे (nime) - O Nimi;, सङ्कल्पितः (saṅkalpitaḥ) - conceived; decided;, ते (te) - by you;, अयम् (ayam) - this;, पितृयज्ञः (pitṛyajñaḥ) - ancestor-rite; offering to ancestors;, तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - ascetic; possessor of austerity;, मा (mā) - not;, ते (te) - your;, भूद्भीः (bhūdbhīḥ) - may there be fear;, पूर्वदृष्टः (pūrvadṛṣṭaḥ) - previously established; seen before;, धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharmic duty; righteousness;, अयम् (ayam) - this;, ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā;, स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; personally;]
(O Nimi, this ancestor-rite, ascetic, has been conceived by you; do not let there be fear for you; this dharma, previously established, by Brahmā himself.)
O Nimi, this ancestral sacrifice, ascetic, has been instituted by you; do not fear, this dharma was previously established by Brahmā himself. (13-91-20)
सोऽयं स्वयम्भुविहितो धर्मः सङ्कल्पितस्त्वया। ऋते स्वयम्भुवः कोऽन्यः श्राद्धेयं विधिमाहरेत् ॥१३-९१-२१॥
so'yaṃ svayambhuvihito dharmaḥ saṅkalpitastvayā। ṛte svayambhuvaḥ ko'nyaḥ śrāddheyaṃ vidhimāharet ॥13-91-21॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अयम् (ayam) - this; स्वयम्भुविहितः (svayambhuvihitaḥ) - ordained by Svayambhū (the self-born); धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - law; सङ्कल्पितः (saṅkalpitaḥ) - determined; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; ऋते (ṛte) - except; स्वयम्भुवः (svayambhuvaḥ) - of Svayambhū; कः (kaḥ) - who; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (ritual); इयम् (iyam) - this; विधिम् (vidhim) - procedure; आहरेत् (āharet) - would bring forth;]
(He, this law ordained by Svayambhū, determined by you. Except for Svayambhū, who else would bring forth this procedure in the śrāddha? (13-91-21))
This law, ordained by Svayambhū, has been determined by you. Except for Svayambhū, who else could establish this procedure in the śrāddha ritual? (13-91-21)
आख्यास्यामि च ते भूयः श्राद्धेयं विधिमुत्तमम्। स्वयम्भुविहितं पुत्र तत्कुरुष्व निबोध मे ॥१३-९१-२२॥
ākhyāsyāmi ca te bhūyaḥ śrāddheyaṃ vidhim uttamam। svayambhu-vihitaṃ putra tat kuruṣva nibodha me ॥13-91-22॥
[आख्यास्यामि (ākhyāsyāmi) - I shall declare; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - to you; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; श्राद्धेयं (śrāddheyaṃ) - pertaining to the śrāddha (funerary rite); विधिम् (vidhim) - the procedure; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; स्वयम्भुविहितं (svayambhu-vihitam) - instituted by Svayambhū (the Self-born); पुत्र (putra) - O son; तत् (tat) - that; कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - perform; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; मे (me) - from me;]
("I shall declare and to you again the supreme procedure pertaining to the śrāddha, instituted by Svayambhū, O son; that perform, understand from me." (13-91-22))
"O son, I shall again declare to you the supreme procedure of the śrāddha, as instituted by Svayambhū; do that—listen to me." (13-91-22)
कृत्वाग्निकरणं पूर्वं मन्त्रपूर्वं तपोधन। ततोऽर्यम्णे च सोमाय वरुणाय च नित्यशः ॥१३-९१-२३॥
kṛtvāgnikaraṇaṃ pūrvaṃ mantrapūrvaṃ tapodhana। tato'ryamṇe ca somāya varuṇāya ca nityaśaḥ ॥13-91-23॥
[कृत्वा (kṛtvā) (kṛtvā) - having performed; अग्निकरणं (agnikaraṇam) (agnikaraṇam) - making of the fire; पूर्वं (pūrvam) (pūrvam) - first; मन्त्रपूर्वं (mantrapūrvam) (mantrapūrvam) - preceded by mantra; तपोधन (tapodhana) (tapodhana) - O possessor of austerity; ततः (tataḥ) (tataḥ) - then; अर्यम्णे (aryamṇe) (aryamṇe) - to Aryaman; च (ca) (ca) - and; सोमाय (somāya) (somāya) - to Soma; वरुणाय (varuṇāya) (varuṇāya) - to Varuṇa; च (ca) (ca) - and; नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) (nityaśaḥ) - always;]
(Having performed first the making of the fire preceded by mantra, O possessor of austerity, then always to Aryaman and to Soma and to Varuṇa;)
O tapodhana (possessor of austerity), after first making the fire with the recitation of the mantra, one should always make offerings to Aryaman, Soma, and Varuṇa. (13-91-23)
विश्वेदेवाश्च ये नित्यं पितृभिः सह गोचराः। तेभ्यः सङ्कल्पिता भागाः स्वयमेव स्वयम्भुवा ॥१३-९१-२४॥
viśvedevāś ca ye nityaṃ pitṛbhiḥ saha gocarāḥ। tebhyaḥ saṅkalpitā bhāgāḥ svayam eva svayambhuvā॥13-91-24॥
[विश्वेदेवाः (viśvedevāḥ) - Viśvedevās; all-divine beings; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - with the ancestors; सह (saha) - together with; गोचराः (gocarāḥ) - moving among; accessible; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - for them; सङ्कल्पिता (saṅkalpitā) - assigned; intented; भागाः (bhāgāḥ) - portions; shares; स्वयमेव (svayam eva) - by himself indeed; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by Self-existent (Brahmā);]
(Viśvedevās and who always with ancestors together accessible; for them assigned shares by himself indeed by Self-existent (Brahmā).)
The Viśvedevās, who are always together with the ancestors and accessible, have had shares assigned to them directly by the Self-existent (Brahmā). (13-91-24)
स्तोतव्या चेह पृथिवी निवापस्येह धारिणी। वैष्णवी काश्यपी चेति तथैवेहाक्षयेति च ॥१३-९१-२५॥
stotavyā ceha pṛthivī nivāpasyeha dhāriṇī। vaiṣṇavī kāśyapī ceti tathaivehākṣayeti ca ॥13-91-25॥
[स्तोतव्या (stotavyā) - worthy of praise; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; निवापस्य (nivāpasya) - of the offering; इह (iha) - here; धारिणी (dhāriṇī) - the bearer; वैष्णवी (vaiṣṇavī) - belonging to Viṣṇu; काश्यपी (kāśyapī) - descended from Kaśyapa; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - so; तथा (tathā) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; अक्षया (akṣayā) - imperishable; इति (iti) - so; च (ca) - and;]
(Worthy of praise and here, the earth, of the offering here the bearer; belonging to Viṣṇu, descended from Kaśyapa, so; thus indeed here, imperishable, so and.)
Here, the earth, bearer of the offering, is worthy of praise. She is also called Vaiṣṇavī, Kāśyapī, and, likewise, Akṣayā. (13-91-25)
उदकानयने चैव स्तोतव्यो वरुणो विभुः। ततोऽग्निश्चैव सोमश्च आप्याय्याविह तेऽनघ ॥१३-९१-२६॥
udakānayane caiva stotavyo varuṇo vibhuḥ। tato'gniścaiva somaśca āpyāyyāviha te'nagha ॥13-91-26॥
[उदकानयने (udakānayane) - at the bringing of water; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; स्तोतव्यः (stotavyaḥ) - to be praised; वरुणः (varuṇaḥ) - Varuṇa; विभुः (vibhuḥ) - the mighty one; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अग्नि: (agniḥ) - Agni; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - also; सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma; च (ca) - and; आप्याय्यौ (āpyāyyau) - invoked for increase; इह (iha) - here; ते (te) - to you; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one;]
(At the bringing of water, indeed Varuṇa, the mighty one, is to be praised; then also Agni and Soma, both invoked for increase, here to you, O sinless one.)
When bringing water, Varuṇa, the mighty one, should indeed be praised; then Agni and Soma, both invoked for increase, here for you, O sinless one. (13-91-26)
देवास्तु पितरो नाम निर्मिता वै स्वयम्भुवा। ऊष्मपाः सुमहाभागास्तेषां भागाः प्रकल्पिताः ॥१३-९१-२७॥
devās tu pitaro nāma nirmitā vai svayambhuvā। ūṣmapāḥ sumahābhāgās teṣāṃ bhāgāḥ prakalpitāḥ ॥13-91-27॥
[देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; तु (tu) - but; पितरः (pitarāḥ) - ancestors (Pitṛs); नाम (nāma) - by name; निर्मिताः (nirmitāḥ) - created; वै (vai) - indeed; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the self-born (Svayambhū); ऊष्मपाः (ūṣmapāḥ) - ūṣmapā Pitṛs (those who partake of offerings through heat); सुमहाभागाः (sumahābhāgāḥ) - most fortunate; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; भागाः (bhāgāḥ) - shares (portions); प्रकल्पिताः (prakalpitāḥ) - have been apportioned;]
(The gods but ancestors by name created indeed by the self-born; ūṣmapāḥ, most fortunate, of them the shares have been apportioned.)
But the gods called Pitṛs were created by Svayambhū; the ūṣmapāḥ, who are most fortunate, their shares have been assigned. (13-91-27)
ते श्राद्धेनार्च्यमाना वै विमुच्यन्ते ह किल्बिषात्। सप्तकः पितृवंशस्तु पूर्वदृष्टः स्वयम्भुवा ॥१३-९१-२८॥
te śrāddhenārcyamānā vai vimucyante ha kilbiṣāt। saptakaḥ pitṛvaṃśastu pūrvadṛṣṭaḥ svayambhuvā ॥13-91-28॥
[ते (te) - they; श्राद्धेन (śrāddhena) - by śrāddha; अर्च्यमाना (arcyamānā) - being worshipped; वै (vai) - indeed; विमुच्यन्ते (vimucyante) - are released; ह (ha) - indeed; किल्बिषात् (kilbiṣāt) - from sin; सप्तकः (saptakaḥ) - a group of seven; पितृवंशः (pitṛvaṃśaḥ) - ancestral lineage; तु (tu) - but; पूर्वदृष्टः (pūrvadṛṣṭaḥ) - previously seen; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by Svayambhū (the self-born);]
(They, being worshipped by śrāddha, indeed are released indeed from sin. The group of seven ancestral lineage, but, was previously seen by Svayambhū.)
They, being worshipped with śrāddha, are indeed freed from sin. The group of seven generations of ancestors was once seen by Svayambhū (the self-born). (13-91-28)
विश्वे चाग्निमुखा देवाः सङ्ख्याताः पूर्वमेव ते। तेषां नामानि वक्ष्यामि भागार्हाणां महात्मनाम् ॥१३-९१-२९॥
viśve cāgnimukhā devāḥ saṅkhyātāḥ pūrvameva te। teṣāṃ nāmāni vakṣyāmi bhāgārhāṇāṃ mahātmanām॥13-91-29॥
[विश्वे (viśve) - all; (the) universal; (the) Viśve (devas); च (ca) - and; अग्निमुखा (agnimukhā) - having Agni as their mouth; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; सङ्ख्याताः (saṅkhyātāḥ) - enumerated; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; नामानि (nāmāni) - names; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak; भागार्हाणां (bhāgārhāṇām) - worthy of (sacrificial) share; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled;]
(All and having Agni as their mouth, the gods, enumerated before indeed they. Of them the names I shall speak, of those worthy of share, of the great-souled.)
The Viśve, and the gods whose mouth is Agni, who have already been enumerated before—of those great-souled ones who are worthy of a share (in sacrifice), I shall state their names. (13-91-29)
सहः कृतिर्विपाप्मा च पुण्यकृत्पावनस्तथा। ग्राम्निः क्षेमः समूहश्च दिव्यसानुस्तथैव च ॥१३-९१-३०॥
sahaḥ kṛtirvipāpmā ca puṇyakṛtpāvanastathā। grāmniḥ kṣemaḥ samūhaśca divyasānustathaiva ca ॥13-91-30॥
[सहः (sahaḥ) - powerful force; कृतिः (kṛtiḥ) - creation; विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - free from sin; च (ca) - and; पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - doer of virtue; पावनः (pāvanaḥ) - purifier; तथा (tathā) - likewise; ग्राम्निः (grāmniḥ) - lord of village; क्षेमः (kṣemaḥ) - welfare; समूहः (samūhaḥ) - collection; च (ca) - and; दिव्यसानुः (divyasānuḥ) - divine peak; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; च (ca) - and;]
(Powerful force, creation, free from sin and doer of virtue, purifier likewise; lord of village, welfare, collection and divine peak, just so and.)
He is powerful force, creator, sinless and doer of virtue, purifier likewise; lord of the village, welfare, collection, and a divine peak as well. (13-91-30)
विवस्वान्वीर्यवान्ह्रीमान्कीर्तिमान्कृत एव च। विपूर्वः सोमपूर्वश्च सूर्यश्रीश्चेति नामतः ॥१३-९१-३१॥
vivasvān vīryavān hrīmān kīrtimān kṛta eva ca. vipūrvaḥ somapūrvaś ca sūryaśrīś ceti nāmataḥ ॥13-91-31॥
[विवस्वान् (vivasvān) - the radiant one; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - possessing heroism; ह्रीमान् (hrīmān) - possessing modesty; कीर्तिमान् (kīrtimān) - possessing fame; कृत (kṛta) - accomplished; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; वि-पूर्वः (vi-pūrvaḥ) - with 'vi' as prefix; सोम-पूर्वः (soma-pūrvaḥ) - with 'soma' as prefix; च (ca) - and; सूर्य-श्रीः (sūrya-śrīḥ) - the fortune/glory of the sun; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by names;]
(vivasvān heroic modest famed accomplished indeed and vi-prefixed soma-prefixed and sun-glory and thus by names ॥13-91-31॥)
Vivasvān, heroic one, modest, famed, accomplished, and also known as Vipūrvaḥ, Somapūrvaḥ, and Sūryaśrī; thus are the names (13-91-31).
सोमपः सूर्यसावित्रो दत्तात्मा पुष्करीयकः। उष्णीनाभो नभोदश्च विश्वायुर्दीप्तिरेव च ॥१३-९१-३२॥
somapaḥ sūryasāvitro dattātmā puṣkarīyakaḥ। uṣṇīnābho nabhodaś ca viśvāyur dīptir eva ca॥13-91-32॥
[सोमपः (somapaḥ) - soma-drinker; (one who drinks soma); सूर्यसावित्रः (sūryasāvitraḥ) - related to the Sun (Sūrya) and Savitṛ; (epithet of deity connected to both Sun and Savitṛ); दत्तात्मा (dattātmā) - one whose self is given; (offered or surrendered self); पुष्करीयकः (puṣkarīyakaḥ) - dweller in or connected to the lake (puṣkara); उष्णीनाभः (uṣṇīnābhaḥ) - having a turban/crown as navel; (or, with a turban girdled at the navel); नभोदः (nabhodaḥ) - giver of rain; (cloud); च (ca) - and; विश्वायुः (viśvāyuḥ) - whose life is all-pervading; (life of all); दीप्तिः (dīptiḥ) - splendor; brilliance; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and;]
(Soma-drinker, related to Sun and Savitṛ, surrendered self, connected to the lake, one whose navel is a turban, giver of rain and, whose life is all-pervading, brilliance indeed and.)
He (the deity) is the Soma-drinker, is connected with the Sun and Savitṛ, whose self is offered, who is associated with the lake, whose navel is a turban, who gives rain and is the life of all, who is indeed radiance and splendor. (13-91-32)
चमूहरः सुवेषश्च व्योमारिः शङ्करो भवः। ईशः कर्ता कृतिर्दक्षो भुवनो दिव्यकर्मकृत् ॥१३-९१-३३॥
camū-haraḥ su-veṣaś ca vyoma-ariḥ śaṅkaraḥ bhavaḥ । īśaḥ kartā kṛtiḥ dakṣaḥ bhuvanaḥ divya-karma-kṛt ॥13-91-33॥
[चमूहरः (camū-haraḥ) - destroyer of armies; सुवेषः (su-veṣaḥ) - well-adorned one; च (ca) - and; व्योमारिः (vyoma-ariḥ) - enemy of the sky (Indra); शङ्करः (śaṅkaraḥ) - bestower of happiness; भवः (bhavaḥ) - the source of existence; ईशः (īśaḥ) - the lord; कर्ता (kartā) - the doer; कृतिः (kṛtiḥ) - creation; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - skillful; भुवनः (bhuvanaḥ) - the world; दिव्यकर्मकृत् (divya-karma-kṛt) - performer of divine deeds;]
(Destroyer of armies, well-adorned one, and enemy of the sky, bestower of happiness, source of existence, the lord, the doer, creation, skillful, the world, performer of divine deeds.)
He is the destroyer of armies, well-adorned, enemy of the sky, bestower of happiness, source of existence, the Lord, the doer, creator, skillful, the world itself, and performer of divine deeds. (13-91-33)
गणितः पञ्चवीर्यश्च आदित्यो रश्मिमांस्तथा। सप्तकृत्सोमवर्चाश्च विश्वकृत्कविरेव च ॥१३-९१-३४॥
gaṇitaḥ pañcavīryaś ca ādityaḥ raśmimāṃs tathā। saptakṛt somavarcāś ca viśvakṛt kavir eva ca ॥13-91-34॥
[गणितः (gaṇitaḥ) - reckoned; counted; calculated; पञ्चवीर्यः (pañcavīryaḥ) - one with five powers; च (ca) - and; आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - Āditya; sun; रश्मिमान् (raśmimān) - possessor of rays; तथा (tathā) - so; likewise; सप्तकृत् (saptakṛt) - sevenfold doer; performing seven times; सोमवर्चाः (somavarcāḥ) - having the radiance of Soma (the moon); च (ca) - and; विश्वकृत् (viśvakṛt) - creator of all; कविः (kaviḥ) - sage; poet; wise; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; च (ca) - and;]
(Reckoned, one with five powers, and Āditya, possessor of rays likewise; sevenfold doer, having the radiance of Soma and creator of all, sage indeed and.)
Counted among them are one of fivefold powers, the sun (Āditya), possessor of rays, likewise the performer of sevenfold actions, endowed with the brilliance of Soma, creator of all, and wise sage indeed. (13-91-34)
अनुगोप्ता सुगोप्ता च नप्ता चेश्वर एव च। जितात्मा मुनिवीर्यश्च दीप्तलोमा भयङ्करः ॥१३-९१-३५॥
anugoptā sugoptā ca naptā ca īśvara eva ca। jitātmā munivīryaś ca dīptalomā bhayaṅkaraḥ ॥13-91-35॥
[अनुगोप्ता (anugoptā) - protector after; सुगोप्ता (sugoptā) - excellent protector; च (ca) - and; नप्ता (naptā) - purifier; च (ca) - and; ईश्वर (īśvara) - lord; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; जितात्मा (jitātmā) - one whose self is conquered; मुनिवीर्य (munivīrya) - with the strength of a sage; च (ca) - and; दीप्तलोमा (dīptalomā) - one with shining hair; भयङ्करः (bhayaṅkaraḥ) - terrifying;]
(Protector after, excellent protector and purifier and lord indeed and one whose self is conquered, with the strength of a sage and one with shining hair, terrifying.)
He is the protector after, the excellent protector, and the purifier; also the supreme lord, one whose self is conquered, possessing the strength of a sage, one with shining hair, and terrifying. (13-91-35)
अतिकर्मा प्रतीतश्च प्रदाता चांशुमांस्तथा। शैलाभः परमक्रोधी धीरोष्णी भूपतिस्तथा ॥१३-९१-३६॥
atikarmā pratītaś ca pradātā cāṃśumāṃs tathā. śailābhaḥ paramakrodhī dhīroṣṇī bhūpatis tathā ॥13-91-36॥
[अतिकर्मा (atikarmā) - one whose actions excel; प्रतीतः (pratītaḥ) - famous; च (ca) - and; प्रदाता (pradātā) - generous giver; च (ca) - and; अंशुमान् (aṃśumān) - radiant; तथा (tathā) - so; शैलाभः (śailābhaḥ) - mountain-like; परमक्रोधी (paramakrodhī) - highly wrathful; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steadfast; उष्णी (uṣṇī) - fierce; भूपतिः (bhūpatiḥ) - king; तथा (tathā) - so;]
(one whose actions excel, famous and generous giver and radiant so, mountain-like, highly wrathful, steadfast, fierce, king so)
One whose actions excel, who is famous, a generous giver, radiant as well; mountain-like, highly wrathful, steadfast, fierce, and also a king. (13-91-36)
स्रजी वज्री वरी चैव विश्वेदेवाः सनातनाः। कीर्तितास्ते महाभागाः कालस्य गतिगोचराः ॥१३-९१-३७॥
srajī vajrī varī caiva viśvedevāḥ sanātanāḥ। kīrtitās te mahābhāgāḥ kālasya gatigocarāḥ ॥13-91-37॥
[स्रजी (srajī) - one with a garland; वज्री (vajrī) - one with a vajra; वरी (varī) - one who chooses/protects; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; विश्वेदेवाः (viśvedevāḥ) - the Viśvedeva gods; सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal; कीर्तिताः (kīrtitāḥ) - are mentioned; ते (te) - they; महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate; कालस्य (kālasya) - of time; गतिकोचराः (gatigocarāḥ) - objects/subjects of movement;]
(One with a garland, one with a vajra, one who chooses, and certainly the Viśvedeva gods, eternal—they are mentioned as greatly fortunate, objects of the movement of time.)
The Viśvedeva gods, famed as the one with a garland, the one with a vajra, and the chooser, are eternal, greatly fortunate, and are said to participate in the courses of time. (13-91-37)
अश्राद्धेयानि धान्यानि कोद्रवाः पुलकास्तथा। हिङ्गु द्रव्येषु शाकेषु पलाण्डुं लशुनं तथा ॥१३-९१-३८॥
aśrāddheyāni dhānyāni kodravāḥ pulakās tathā | hiṅgu dravyeṣu śākeṣu palāṇḍuṃ laśunaṃ tathā ॥13-91-38॥
[अश्राद्धेयानि (aśrāddheyāni) - not to be used in śrāddha; धान्यानि (dhānyāni) - grains; कोद्रवाः (kodravāḥ) - kodrava millet; पुलकाः (pulakāḥ) - pulaka grains; तथा (tathā) - also; हिङ्गु (hiṅgu) - asafoetida; द्रव्येषु (dravyeṣu) - among substances; शाकेषु (śākeṣu) - among vegetables; पलाण्डुं (palāṇḍuṃ) - garlic; लशुनं (laśunaṃ) - onion; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Grains not to be used in śrāddha, kodrava millet, pulaka grains also; asafoetida among substances, among vegetables, garlic and onion also.)
Grains not to be used in śrāddha, kodrava millet, pulaka grains, asafoetida among substances, garlic and onion among vegetables are also included. (13-91-38)
पलाण्डुः सौभञ्जनकस्तथा गृञ्जनकादयः। कूष्माण्डजात्यलाबुं च कृष्णं लवणमेव च ॥१३-९१-३९॥
palāṇḍuḥ saubhañjanakastathā gṛñjanakādayaḥ। kūṣmāṇḍajātyalābuṃ ca kṛṣṇaṃ lavaṇameva ca ॥13-91-39॥
[पलाण्डुः (palāṇḍuḥ) - onion; सौभञ्जनकः (saubhañjanakaḥ) - drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera); तथा (tathā) - and likewise; गृञ्जनकाः (gṛñjanakāḥ) - leek; आदयः (ādayaḥ) - and the like; etc.; कूष्माण्ड (kūṣmāṇḍa) - white gourd; जाति (jāti) - and the like; kind; आलाबुं (ālābuṃ) - pumpkin; च (ca) - and; कृष्णं (kṛṣṇaṃ) - black nightshade (Solanum nigrum); लवणम् (lavaṇam) - salt; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Onion, drumstick tree, and likewise leek and the like, white gourd, kind of pumpkin and, black nightshade, salt indeed and.)
Onion, drumstick tree, leek and similar vegetables, white gourd, kinds of pumpkin, black nightshade, and salt as well. (13-91-39)
ग्राम्यं वाराहमांसं च यच्चैवाप्रोक्षितं भवेत्। कृष्णाजाजी विडश्चैव शीतपाकी तथैव च ॥ अङ्कुराद्यास्तथा वर्ज्या इह शृङ्गाटकानि च ॥१३-९१-४०॥
grāmyaṃ vārāhamāṃsaṃ ca yaccaivāprokṣitaṃ bhavet। kṛṣṇājājī viḍaścaiva śītapākī tathaiva ca ॥ aṅkurādyāstathā varjyā iha śṛṅgāṭakāni ca ॥13-91-40॥
[ग्राम्यं (grāmyaṃ) - domesticated (meat); वाराहमांसं (vārāhamāṃsaṃ) - boar meat; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अप्रोक्षितं (aproktiṃ) - not sprinkled (with water); भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; कृष्णाजाजी (kṛṣṇājājī) - black cumin; विडः (viḍaḥ) - betel-nut; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शीतपाकी (śītapākī) - thing cooked cold (unheated food); तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; अङ्कुराद्याः (aṅkurādyāḥ) - sprouts and the like; तथा (tathā) - also; वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - to be avoided; इह (iha) - here; शृङ्गाटकानि (śṛṅgāṭakāni) - truffles (mushrooms); च (ca) - and;]
(Domesticated (meat), boar meat, and what indeed may be not sprinkled (with water); black cumin, betel-nut and indeed, thing cooked cold (unheated food) likewise and; sprouts and the like also to be avoided here, truffles (mushrooms) and.)
Domesticated meat, boar meat, anything unsprinkled with water, black cumin, betel nut, cold-cooked food, sprouts and similar things, and mushrooms or truffles are to be avoided here. (13-91-40)
वर्जयेल्लवणं सर्वं तथा जम्बूफलानि च। अवक्षुतावरुदितं तथा श्राद्धेषु वर्जयेत् ॥१३-९१-४१॥
varjayellavaṇaṃ sarvaṃ tathā jambūphalāni ca. avakṣutāvaruditaṃ tathā śrādṣeṣu varjayet ॥13-91-41॥
[वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid; लवणं (lavaṇam) - salt; सर्वं (sarvam) - all; तथा (tathā) - also; जम्बूफलानि (jambūphalāni) - jambu fruits (Syzygium cumini); च (ca) - and; अवक्षुत (avakṣuta) - washed; आवरुदितं (āvaruditaṃ) - covered (i.e., covered or shut up); तथा (tathā) - also; श्राद्धेषु (śrādṣeṣu) - in śrāddha ceremonies; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid;]
(One should avoid all salt, also jambu fruits and washed and covered (things); also, in śrāddha ceremonies, one should avoid.)
One should avoid all kinds of salt, as well as jambu fruits; and also, in śrāddha ceremonies, anything that is washed and covered should be avoided. (13-91-41)
निवापे हव्यकव्ये वा गर्हितं च श्वदर्शनम्। पितरश्चैव देवाश्च नाभिनन्दन्ति तद्धविः ॥१३-९१-४२॥
nivāpe havyakavye vā garhitaṃ ca śvadarśanam। pitaraścaiva devāśca nābhinandanti taddhaviḥ॥13-91-42॥
[निवापे (nivāpe) - in the offering; हव्यकव्ये (havyakavye) - in oblations to gods and ancestors; वा (vā) - or; गर्हितं (garhitam) - condemned; च (ca) - and; श्वदर्शनम् (śva-darśanam) - dog's presence; पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestors; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; अभिनन्दन्ति (abhinandanti) - welcome; तत् (tat) - that; हविः (haviḥ) - offering;]
(In offering, in oblations to gods and ancestors, or condemned and dog's presence, the ancestors and indeed the gods and not welcome that offering.)
If an offering during oblations to gods and ancestors is condemned or has a dog's presence, the ancestors and the gods do not welcome that offering. (13-91-42)
चण्डालश्वपचौ वर्ज्यौ निवापे समुपस्थिते। काषायवासी कुष्ठी वा पतितो ब्रह्महापि वा ॥१३-९१-४३॥
caṇḍālaśvapacau varjyau nivāpe samupasthite. kāṣāyavāsī kuṣṭhī vā patito brahmahāpi vā ॥13-91-43॥
[चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - outcaste; श्वपचौ (śvapacau) - dog-eater; वर्ज्यौ (varjyau) - should be avoided; निवापे (nivāpe) - in the offering of food; समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - having arrived; काषायवासी (kāṣāyavāsī) - one clothed in ochre; कुष्ठी (kuṣṭhī) - one afflicted with leprosy; वा (vā) - or; पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen; ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - slayer of a Brāhmaṇa; अपि (api) - also; वा (vā) - or;]
(Outcaste, dog-eater, should be avoided, in the offering of food, having arrived. One clothed in ochre, one afflicted with leprosy or fallen or slayer of a Brāhmaṇa also or.)
If an outcaste, dog-eater, one clad in ochre, one afflicted with leprosy, fallen person, or even a slayer of a Brāhmaṇa is present at the food offering, they are to be avoided. (13-91-43)
सङ्कीर्णयोनिर्विप्रश्च सम्बन्धी पतितश्च यः। वर्जनीया बुधैरेते निवापे समुपस्थिते ॥१३-९१-४४॥
saṅkīrṇayonir vipraś ca sambandhī patitaś ca yaḥ । varjanīyā budhair ete nivāpe samupasthite ॥13-91-44॥
[सङ्कीर्णयोनिः (saṅkīrṇayoniḥ) - of mixed birth; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; च (ca) - and; सम्बन्धी (sambandhī) - relative; पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - to be avoided; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise; एते (ete) - these; निवापे (nivāpe) - in offering; समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - when present;]
(Of mixed birth brāhmaṇa and relative fallen and who to be avoided by the wise these in offering when present.)
When these—one of mixed birth, a brāhmaṇa, a relative, or a fallen one—are present at the offering, the wise should avoid them. (13-91-44)
इत्येवमुक्त्वा भगवान्स्ववंशजमृषिं पुरा। पितामहसभां दिव्यां जगामात्रिस्तपोधनः ॥१३-९१-४५॥
ityevam uktvā bhagavān svavaṃśajam ṛṣiṃ purā। pitāmaha-sabhāṃ divyāṃ jagāma atriḥ tapo-dhanaḥ ॥13-91-45॥
[इति एवम् (iti evam) - thus; in this manner; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the adorable or revered one; स्ववंशजम् (svavaṃśajam) - his own descendant; ऋषिं (ṛṣiṃ) - sage; पुरा (purā) - formerly; in ancient times; पितामहसभाम् (pitāmaha-sabhām) - the assembly-hall of the grandfather (Brahmā); दिव्याम् (divyām) - divine; जगाम (jagāma) - he went; अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (name of sage); तपोधनः (tapo-dhanaḥ) - wealthy in penance; possessing wealth (dhana) of austerity (tapas);]
(Thus having spoken, the revered one to his own descendant the sage, formerly, to the divine assembly-hall of the grandfather, went Atri, the penance-rich.)
Having thus spoken to his own descendant, the revered sage Atri, abounding in austerity, long ago went to the divine assembly-hall of the Grandfather (Brahmā). (13-91-45)
