13.093
व्रतविशेषाः
vrataviśeṣāḥ
[व्रत (vrata) - vow; विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) - distinctions;]
(vow distinctions)
the distinctions of vows
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke; (he) said;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira spoke;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता हविस्ते यदि भुञ्जते। अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥१३-९३-१॥
dvijātayo vratopetā haviste yadi bhuñjate। annaṃ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathametatpitāmaha ॥13-93-1॥
[द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born; व्रत-उपेताः (vrata-upetāḥ) - endowed with vows; हविः-ते (havis-te) - sacrificial food-they; यदि (yadi) - if; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - eat; अन्नम् (annam) - food; ब्राह्मण-कामाय (brāhmaṇa-kāmāya) - for the desire of a Brāhmaṇa; कथम् (katham) - how; एतत् (etat) - this; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(The twice-born, endowed with vows, if they eat sacrificial food for the desire of a Brāhmaṇa, how is this, O grandsire?)
O grandsire, how is it that the twice-born, endowed with vows, eat sacrificial food for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa's desire? (13-93-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
अवेदोक्तव्रताश्चैव भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः। वेदोक्तेषु तु भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-९३-२॥
avedokta-vratāś caiva bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ। vedokteṣu tu bhuñjānā vrataluptā yudhiṣṭhira॥13-93-2॥
[अवेदोक्तव्रताः (avedokta-vratāḥ) - those whose vows (vrata) are not prescribed in the Veda; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - those who enjoy (consume); कार्यकारिणः (kāryakāriṇaḥ) - doers of action; वेदोक्तेषु (vedokteṣu) - in what is prescribed by the Veda; तु (tu) - but; भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - those who enjoy (consume); व्रतलुप्ताः (vrataluptāḥ) - those who have lost their vow; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(Those whose vows are not prescribed by the Veda and, indeed, who enjoy, are doers of action; but those who enjoy what is prescribed by the Veda, O Yudhishthira, are ones who have lost their vow.)
O Yudhishthira, those who perform actions and enjoy without following vows prescribed in the Veda are just doers of acts; but even those who enjoy as prescribed in the Veda, having lost their vow, are not true observers of it. (13-93-2)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke; said;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira spoke;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
यदिदं तप इत्याहुरुपवासं पृथग्जनाः। तपः स्यादेतदिह वै तपोऽन्यद्वापि किं भवेत् ॥१३-९३-३॥
yad idaṃ tapa ity āhur upavāsaṃ pṛthag-janāḥ। tapaḥ syād etad iha vai tapo 'nyad vāpi kiṃ bhavet॥13-93-3॥
[यत् (yat) - which; इदं (idaṃ) - this; तप (tapa) - austerity; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; उपवासं (upavāsaṃ) - fasting; पृथक्-जनाः (pṛthag-janāḥ) - ordinary people; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; एतत् (etat) - this; इह (iha) - in this case; वै (vai) - indeed; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; अन्यत् (anyat) - another; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; किं (kiṃ) - what; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be;]
(Which this 'austerity' thus they say, fasting, ordinary people; austerity may be this in this case indeed, austerity another or also what would be.)
Ordinary people say that this fasting is 'austerity'; this may be austerity, but is there indeed any other austerity as well? (13-93-3)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
मासार्धमासौ नोपवसेद्यत्तपो मन्यते जनः। आत्मतन्त्रोपघाती यो न तपस्वी न धर्मवित् ॥१३-९३-४॥
māsārdhamāsau nopavasedyat tapo manyate janaḥ। ātmatantropaghātī yo na tapasvī na dharmavit॥13-93-4॥
[मासार्धमासौ (māsārdhamāsau) - for one and a half months or for a month; (dual form); न (na) - not; उपवसेत् (upavaset) - should fast; यत् (yat) - which; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; penance; मन्यते (manyate) - thinks; considers; जनः (janaḥ) - man; person; आत्मतन्त्र (ātmatantra) - independent; self-willed; उपघाती (upaghātī) - one who injures; destroyer; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; तपस्वी (tapasvī) - ascetic; practitioner of austerity; न (na) - not; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma; knower of righteousness;]
(For one and a half months or for a month, not should fast which penance thinks person. Self-willed destroyer who, not ascetic, not knower of dharma.)
If a person considers as penance the act of not eating for a month or a month and a half, that self-willed destroyer is neither an ascetic nor a knower of dharma. (13-93-4)
त्यागस्यापि च सम्पत्तिः शिष्यते तप उत्तमम्। सदोपवासी च भवेद्ब्रह्मचारी तथैव च ॥१३-९३-५॥
tyāgasyāpi ca sampattiḥ śiṣyate tapa uttamam। sadopavāsī ca bhaved brahmacārī tathaiva ca ॥13-93-5॥
[त्यागस्यापि (tyāgasya api) - of renunciation also; च (ca) - and; सम्पत्तिः (sampattiḥ) - attainment; शिष्यते (śiṣyate) - remains; तप (tapa) - austerity; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - highest; सदोपवासी (sadopavāsī) - always-observing-fasting; च (ca) - and; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(Of renunciation also and attainment remains, austerity the highest. Always-fasting and should be, celibate student likewise and.)
The attainment of renunciation is preserved; the highest austerity is to always observe fasting, and one should likewise be a brahmacārī (celibate student). (13-93-5)
मुनिश्च स्यात्सदा विप्रो देवांश्चैव सदा यजेत्। कुटुम्बिको धर्मकामः सदास्वप्नश्च भारत ॥१३-९३-६॥
muniś ca syāt sadā vipro devāṁś caiva sadā yajet। kuṭumbiko dharmakāmaḥ sadā svapnaś ca bhārata ॥13-93-6॥
[मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; सदा (sadā) - always; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brāhmaṇa; देवान् (devān) - gods; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सदा (sadā) - always; यजेत् (yajet) - should worship; कुटुम्बिकः (kuṭumbikaḥ) - householder; धर्मकामः (dharmakāmaḥ) - desiring righteousness; सदा (sadā) - always; स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - sleep; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(A sage and always should be; a Brāhmaṇa the gods and indeed always should worship. A householder desiring righteousness always sleep and O Bhārata.)
A sage should always be so; a Brāhmaṇa should always worship the gods indeed. The householder who desires righteousness should always sleep, O Bhārata. (13-93-6)
अमृताशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत्। ऋतवादी सदा च स्यान्नियतश्च सदा भवेत् ॥१३-९३-७॥
amṛtāśī sadā ca syāt pavitrī ca sadā bhavet। ṛtavādī sadā ca syān niyataś ca sadā bhavet॥13-93-7॥
[अमृताशी (amṛtāśī) - one who eats food fit for immortality; (amṛta = nectar/ambrosial; āśī = eater); सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; पवित्री (pavitrī) - pure; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become; ऋतवादी (ṛtavādī) - one who speaks truth (ṛta = truth; vādī = speaker); सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become;]
(One who eats immortal (pure) food, always, and should be; pure, and always should become. Truth-speaker, always, and should be; self-controlled, and always should become. (13-93-7))
He should always partake of pure (immortal) food, should always remain pure, should always speak the truth, and should always be self-controlled. (13-93-7)
विघसाशी सदा च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः। अमांसाशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत् ॥१३-९३-८॥
vighasāśī sadā ca syātsadā caivātithipriyaḥ। amāṃsāśī sadā ca syātpavitrī̄ ca sadā bhavet॥13-93-8॥
[विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats leftovers (vighasa); सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अतिथिप्रियः (atithipriyaḥ) - fond of (welcoming) guests; अमांसाशी (amāṃsāśī) - one who does not eat meat; सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; पवित्री (pavitrī̄) - one who is pure; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(One who eats leftovers always and should be, always and indeed fond of guests. One who does not eat meat always and should be, pure and always should be.)
He should always eat leftovers, always and indeed be fond of guests; he should always abstain from meat and always remain pure. (13-93-8)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी च पार्थिव। विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्कथं चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥१३-९३-९॥
kathaṁ sadopavāsī syād brahmacārī ca pārthiva। vighasāśī kathaṁ ca syāt kathaṁ caivātithipriyaḥ ॥13-93-9॥
[कथं (kathaṁ) - how; सदोपवासी (sadopavāsī) - always-fasting-one; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student; च (ca) - and; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - eater of leavings; कथं (kathaṁ) - how; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; कथं (kathaṁ) - how; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - also; अतिथिप्रियः (atithipriyaḥ) - hospitable;]
(How always-fasting-one may be, and celibate student, O king; eater of leavings, how and may be; how also hospitable;)
O king, how can one always observing fasts be at the same time a celibate student, how can one be an eater of leavings, and how can one also be hospitable? (13-93-9)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; (a proper noun, name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular, perfect tense of 'vac' – to speak);]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said;
अन्तरा सायमाशं च प्रातराशं तथैव च। सदोपवासी भवति यो न भुङ्क्तेऽन्तरा पुनः ॥१३-९३-१०॥
antarā sāyam-āśam ca prātar-āśam tathaiva ca। sadopavāsī bhavati yaḥ na bhuṅkte 'ntarā punaḥ॥13-93-10॥
[अन्तरा (antarā) - in between (meals); सायमाशं (sāyam-āśam) - evening meal; च (ca) - and; प्रातराशं (prātar-āśam) - morning meal; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; उपवासी (upavāsī) - one who fasts; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; अन्तरा (antarā) - in between (meals); पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(In between the evening meal and likewise the morning meal, always one who fasts becomes who does not eat again in between.)
One who does not eat anything between the morning meal and the evening meal is always called one who fasts. (13-93-10)
भार्यां गच्छन्ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवति चैव ह। ऋतवादी सदा च स्याद्दानशीलश्च मानवः ॥१३-९३-११॥
bhāryāṃ gacchan brahmacārī sadā bhavati caiva ha। ṛtavādī sadā ca syād dānaśīlaś ca mānavaḥ ॥13-93-11॥
[भार्यां (bhāryām) - wife (accusative singular); गच्छन् (gacchan) - going; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate; सदा (sadā) - always; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ह (ha) - truly; ऋतवादी (ṛtavādī) - speaker of truth; सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; दानशीलः (dānaśīlaḥ) - inclined to giving; च (ca) - and; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man;]
(Going to (his) wife, the celibate always becomes, and indeed, truly; speaker of truth always and may be, inclined to giving and the man.)
A man who goes to his wife becomes like a celibate, always a speaker of truth, always inclined to giving. (13-93-11)
अभक्षयन्वृथा मांसममांसाशी भवत्युत। दानं ददत्पवित्री स्यादस्वप्नश्च दिवास्वपन् ॥१३-९३-१२॥
abhakṣayan-vṛthā māṁsam-amāṁsāśī bhavatyu-ta. dānaṁ dadata-pavitri syād-asvapnaś-ca divāsvapan ॥13-93-12॥
[अभक्षयन् (abhakṣayan) - not eating; (he) who does not eat; वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain; uselessly; मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat; अमांसाशी (amāṁsāśī) - one who does not eat meat; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; उत (uta) - indeed; surely; दानम् (dānam) - gift; charity; ददत् (dadat) - giving; (he) who gives; पवित्री (pavitri) - purified; pure; स्यात् (syāt) - may become; would be; अस्वप्नः (asvapnaḥ) - not sleeping; one who does not sleep; च (ca) - and; दिवास्वपन् (divāsvapan) - sleeping during the day; day sleeper;]
(Not eating in vain meat, one who does not eat meat indeed becomes. Giving charity, purified may become; not sleeping and day sleeper.)
One who abstains from eating meat in vain is indeed a non-meat-eater. One who gives charity may become purified; one who does not sleep during the day is not a day sleeper. (13-93-12)
भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु नरः सदा। अमृतं केवलं भुङ्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-९३-१३॥
bhṛtyātithiṣu yo bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu naraḥ sadā। amṛtaṃ kevalaṃ bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-93-13॥
[भृत्य-अतिथिषु (bhṛtya-atithiṣu) - among servants and guests; यः (yaḥ) - who; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; भुक्तवत्सु (bhuktavatsu) - after (they have) eaten; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सदा (sadā) - always; अमृतं (amṛtam) - nectar; केवलं (kevalam) - only; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; इति (iti) - thus; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(Among servants and guests, who eats after (they have) eaten, the man always nectar only eats—thus, know, O Yudhishthira.)
Know, O Yudhishthira, that the man who always eats only after his servants and guests have eaten, eats nectar alone. (13-93-13)
अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नाति ब्राह्मणेषु तु यो नरः। अभोजनेन तेनास्य जितः स्वर्गो भवत्युत ॥१३-९३-१४॥
abhuktavatsu nāśnāti brāhmaṇeṣu tu yo naraḥ। abhojanena tenāsya jitaḥ svargo bhavatyuta ॥13-93-14॥
[अभुक्तवत्सु (abhuktavatsu) - among those who have not eaten; न (na) - not; अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats; ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brāhmaṇas; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; नरः (naraḥ) - person; अभोजनेन (abhojanena) - by not eating; तेन (tena) - by that; अस्य (asya) - for him; जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Among those who have not eaten, he does not eat among Brāhmaṇas, but the person—by not eating, by that, for him, heaven is conquered indeed.)
He who does not eat among Brāhmaṇas who have not eaten—with this abstention, for him, heaven is indeed won. (13-93-14)
देवेभ्यश्च पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह। अवशिष्टानि यो भुङ्क्ते तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥१३-९३-१५॥
devebhyaś ca pitṛbhyaś ca bhṛtyebhyo'tithibhiḥ saha। avaśiṣṭāni yo bhuṅkte tam āhur vighasāśinam ॥13-93-15॥
[देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - to the gods; च (ca) - and; पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to the ancestors; च (ca) - and; भृत्येभ्यः (bhṛtyebhyaḥ) - to the servants; अतिथिभिः (atithibhiḥ) - with the guests; सह (saha) - together; अवशिष्टानि (avaśiṣṭāni) - remnants; यः (yaḥ) - who; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; तम् (tam) - him; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call; विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - a consumer of remnants;]
(To the gods and to the ancestors and to the servants together with the guests, the remnants who eats, him they call a consumer of remnants.)
He who eats the food remaining after what is given to the gods, ancestors, servants, and guests together—they call him a consumer of remnants. (13-93-15)
तेषां लोका ह्यपर्यन्ताः सदने ब्रह्मणः स्मृताः। उपस्थिता ह्यप्सरोभिर्गन्धर्वैश्च जनाधिप ॥१३-९३-१६॥
teṣāṃ lokā hyaparyantāḥ sadane brahmaṇaḥ smṛtāḥ। upasthitā hyapsarobhirgandharvaiśca janādhipa ॥13-93-16॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; हि (hi) - indeed; अपर्यन्ताः (aparyantāḥ) - endless; सदने (sadane) - in the abode; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are thought; उपस्थिता (upasthitā) - attended; हि (hi) - indeed; अप्सरोभिः (apsarobhiḥ) - by Apsarases; गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by Gandharvas; च (ca) - and; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of people;]
(Of them, the worlds indeed endless are thought (to be) in the abode of Brahman. Attended indeed by Apsarases and Gandharvas, O lord of people.)
These worlds are regarded as endless in the abode of Brahman, O lord of people, and are attended by Apsarases and Gandharvas. (13-93-16)
देवतातिथिभिः सार्धं पितृभिश्चोपभुञ्जते। रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्च तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा ॥१३-९३-१७॥
devatātithibhiḥ sārdhaṁ pitṛbhiś copabhuñjate. ramante putrapautraiś ca teṣāṁ gatir anuttamā ॥13-93-17॥
[देवतातिथिभिः (devatātithibhiḥ) - with gods and guests; सार्धं (sārdham) - together with; पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - with ancestors; च (ca) - and; उपभुञ्जते (upabhuñjate) - they enjoy; रमन्ते (ramante) - they delight; पुत्रपौत्रैः (putrapautraiḥ) - with sons and grandsons; च (ca) - and; तेषां (teṣām) - of them; गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course; अनुत्तमा (anuttamā) - unsurpassed;]
(With gods and guests together, and with ancestors, they enjoy. They delight with sons and grandsons also. Of them, the state is unsurpassed.)
They enjoy together with gods, guests, and ancestors, and delight as well with their sons and grandsons. Their abode is unsurpassed. (13-93-17)
