13.104
ब्रह्मस्वहरणम्
brahma-svaharaṇam
[ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; the absolute; the Vedic hymn; the sacred knowledge; स्वहरणम् (svaharaṇam) - self-taking; self-appropriation; taking unto oneself;]
(Brahman self-taking;)
The self-appropriation of Brahman;
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
ब्राह्मणस्वानि ये मन्दा हरन्ति भरतर्षभ। नृशंसकारिणो मूढाः क्व ते गच्छन्ति मानवाः ॥१३-१०४-१॥
brāhmaṇasvāni ye mandā haranti bharatarṣabha। nṛśaṁsakāriṇo mūḍhāḥ kva te gacchanti mānavāḥ॥13-104-1॥
[ब्राह्मणस्वानि (brāhmaṇasvāni) - property of Brāhmaṇas; ये (ye) - who; मन्दा (mandā) - dull-witted; हरन्ति (haranti) - steal; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among Bharatas; नृशंसकारिणः (nṛśaṁsakāriṇaḥ) - doing cruel deeds; मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - deluded; क्व (kva) - where; ते (te) - they; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men;]
(The property of Brāhmaṇas who dull-witted steal, O bull among Bharatas, those doing cruel deeds, deluded, where they go, men.)
O bull among Bharatas, where do the men who are dull-witted, deluded, performing cruel deeds, and who steal the property of Brāhmaṇas, go? (13-104-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (to speak, perfect tense, 3rd person singular);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
अत्राप्युदाहरण्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। चण्डालस्य च संवादं क्षत्रबन्धोश्च भारत ॥१३-१०४-२॥
atrāpyudāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। caṇḍālasya ca saṃvādaṃ kṣatrabandhoś ca bhārata ॥13-104-2॥
[अत्र अपि (atra api) - here also; उदाहरन्ति इमम् (udāharanti imam) - they cite this; इतिहासं पुरातनम् (itihāsaṃ purātanam) - ancient history; चण्डालस्य च (caṇḍālasya ca) - and of the Caṇḍāla; संवादं क्षत्रबन्धोः च (saṃvādaṃ kṣatrabandhoḥ ca) - dialogue of the Kṣatrabandhu and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history, and the dialogue of the Caṇḍāla and Kṣatrabandhu, O Bhārata.)
Here also, O Bhārata, they relate this ancient story, namely the dialogue between the Caṇḍāla and the Kṣatrabandhu. (13-104-2)
राजन्य उवाच॥
rājanya uvāca॥
[राजन्य (rājanya) - the kṣatriya; the royal person; the king; उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(The kṣatriya said;)
The kṣatriya said.
वृद्धरूपोऽसि चण्डाल बालवच्च विचेष्टसे। श्वखराणां रजःसेवी कस्मादुद्विजसे गवाम् ॥१३-१०४-३॥
vṛddharūpo'si caṇḍāla bālavac ca viceṣṭase। śvakharāṇāṃ rajaḥsevī kasmād udvijase gavām ॥13-104-3॥
[वृद्धरूपः (vṛddharūpaḥ) - of the form of an old man; असि (asi) - you are; चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - caṇḍāla (outcaste); बालवत् (bālavaṭ) - like a child; च (ca) - and; विचेष्टसे (viceṣṭase) - you behave; श्वखराणां (śvakharāṇām) - of dogs and donkeys; रजःसेवी (rajaḥsevī) - servant (seeker/abider) of dust; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what cause; उद्विजसे (udvijase) - do you shrink or feel aversion; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows;]
(Of the form of an old man you are, caṇḍāla, like a child and you behave. Of dogs and donkeys dust-seeker, from what cause do you shrink from the cows?)
You appear as an old man, caṇḍāla, and behave like a child; being one who frequents the dust of dogs and donkeys, why do you avoid the cows? (13-104-3)
साधुभिर्गर्हितं कर्म चण्डालस्य विधीयते। कस्माद्गोरजसा ध्वस्तमपां कुण्डे निषिञ्चसि ॥१३-१०४-४॥
sādhubhir garhitaṃ karma caṇḍālasya vidhīyate। kasmād gorajasā dhvastam apāṃ kuṇḍe niṣiñcasi॥13-104-4॥
[साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - by the virtuous; गर्हितं (garhitaṃ) - condemned; कर्म (karma) - action; चण्डालस्य (caṇḍālasya) - of a caṇḍāla; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is done; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; गोरजसा (gorajasā) - with cow-dust; ध्वस्तम् (dhvastam) - defiled; अपाम् (apām) - of waters; कुण्डे (kuṇḍe) - in the vessel; निषिञ्चसि (niṣiñcasi) - do you pour;]
(By the virtuous condemned action of a caṇḍāla is done. Why with cow-dust defiled of waters in the vessel do you pour?)
An action condemned by the virtuous is performed by a caṇḍāla. Why do you pour water defiled by cow-dust into the vessel? (13-104-4)
चण्डाल उवाच॥
caṇḍāla uvāca॥
[चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - outcaste; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Outcaste said;)
The outcaste said;
ब्राह्मणस्य गवां राजन्ह्रियतीनां रजः पुरा। सोममुद्ध्वंसयामास तं सोमं येऽपिबन्द्विजाः ॥१३-१०४-५॥
brāhmaṇasya gavāṃ rājañhriyateenāṃ rajaḥ purā। somam uddhvaṃsayāmāsa taṃ somaṃ ye'pibandvijāḥ ॥13-104-5॥
[ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the Brāhmaṇa; गवां (gavāṃ) - of the cows; राजन् (rājan) - O king; ह्रियतीनां (hriyateenāṃ) - of those being stolen; रजः (rajaḥ) - dust; पुरा (purā) - formerly; सोमम् (somam) - Soma; उद्ध्वंसयामास (uddhvaṃsayāmāsa) - destroyed; तं (taṃ) - that; सोमम् (somam) - Soma; ये (ye) - who; अपिबन् (apiban) - drank; द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born;]
(O king, formerly, the dust of the cows of the Brāhmaṇa being stolen destroyed the Soma; those twice-born who drank that Soma.)
O king, once, the dust raised when the Brāhmaṇa's cows were stolen destroyed the Soma; those twice-born who drank that Soma (were affected). (13-104-5)
दीक्षितश्च स राजापि क्षिप्रं नरकमाविशत्। सह तैर्याजकैः सर्वैर्ब्रह्मस्वमुपजीव्य तत् ॥१३-१०४-६॥
dīkṣitaś ca sa rājāpi kṣipraṃ narakam āviśat। saha tair yājakaiḥ sarvair brahmasvam upajīvyatat ॥13-104-6॥
[दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - initiated (into a ritual); च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; अपि (api) - also; क्षिप्रं (kṣipram) - quickly; नरकम् (narakam) - hell; आविशत् (āviśat) - entered; सह (saha) - with; तैः (taiḥ) - those; याजकैः (yājakaiḥ) - priests; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - all; ब्रह्मस्वम् (brahmasvam) - Brahmin property; उपजीव्य (upajīvyā) - having enjoyed; तत् (tat) - that;]
(Initiated and that king also quickly hell entered with those priests all Brahmin property having enjoyed that.)
That king, having been initiated, also quickly entered hell together with all those priests, having enjoyed that Brahmin property. (13-104-6)
येऽपि तत्रापिबन्क्षीरं घृतं दधि च मानवाः। ब्राह्मणाः सहराजन्याः सर्वे नरकमाविशन् ॥१३-१०४-७॥
ye'pi tatrāpiban kṣīraṃ ghṛtaṃ dadhi ca mānavāḥ। brāhmaṇāḥ saha-rājanyāḥ sarve narakam āviśan ॥13-104-7॥
[येऽपि (ye'pi) - those also; तत्र (tatra) - there; अपिबन् (apiban) - drank; क्षीरं (kṣīraṃ) - milk; घृतं (ghṛtaṃ) - ghee; दधि (dadhi) - curds; च (ca) - and; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; सहराजन्याः (saha-rājanyāḥ) - together with Kṣatriyas; सर्वे (sarve) - all; नरकम् (narakam) - hell; आविशन् (āviśan) - entered;]
(Those also there drank milk, ghee, curds and humans, Brāhmaṇas together with Kṣatriyas, all entered hell.)
Those people there who drank milk, ghee, and curds—Brāhmaṇas and all Kṣatriyas together—all of them entered hell. (13-104-7)
जघ्नुस्ताः पयसा पुत्रांस्तथा पौत्रान्विधुन्वतीः। पशूनवेक्षमाणाश्च साधुवृत्तेन दम्पती ॥१३-१०४-८॥
jaghnus tāḥ payasā putrāṁs tathā pautrān vidhunvatīḥ। paśūn avekṣamāṇāś ca sādhu-vṛttena dampatī॥ 13-104-8॥
[जघ्नु: (jaghnus) - they killed; ताः (tāḥ) - they (those women); पयसा (payasā) - with milk; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; तथा (tathā) - also; पौत्रान् (pautrān) - grandsons; विधुन्वतीः (vidhunvatīḥ) - shaking/agitating; पशून् (paśūn) - animals; अवेक्षमाणाः (avekṣamāṇāḥ) - looking after; च (ca) - and; साधुवृत्तेन (sādhu-vṛttena) - with good conduct; दम्पती (dampatī) - the husband and wife;]
(They (women) killed sons and also grandsons with milk, shaking (them); looking after animals, the husband and wife with good conduct.)
Those women killed their sons and grandsons with milk, shaking them; the husband and wife tended their animals with good conduct. (13-104-8)
अहं तत्रावसं राजन्ब्रह्मचारी जितेन्द्रियः। तासां मे रजसा ध्वस्तं भैक्षमासीन्नराधिप ॥१३-१०४-९॥
ahaṁ tatrāvasaṁ rājan brahmacārī jitendriyaḥ। tāsāṁ me rajasā dhvastaṁ bhaikṣam āsīn narādhipa॥13-104-9॥
[अहं (ahaṁ) - I; तत्र (tatra) - there; अवसं (avasaṁ) - dwelt; राजन् (rājan) - O king; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate; जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses; तासाम् (tāsām) - of them (women); मे (me) - my; रजसा (rajasā) - by the menstrual fluid; ध्वस्तम् (dhvastam) - tainted; भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms-food; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men;]
(I there dwelt, O king, as a celibate, one who has conquered the senses; of them my alms-food was tainted by the menstrual fluid, O lord of men.)
O king, I lived there as a celibate with my senses subdued; but my alms-food was tainted by their menstrual fluid, O lord of men. (13-104-9)
चण्डालोऽहं ततो राजन्भुक्त्वा तदभवं मृतः। ब्रह्मस्वहारी च नृपः सोऽप्रतिष्ठां गतिं ययौ ॥१३-१०४-१०॥
caṇḍālo'haṃ tato rājanbhuktvā tadabhavaṃ mṛtaḥ। brahmasvahārī ca nṛpaḥ so'pratiṣṭhāṃ gatiṃ yayau ॥13-104-10॥
[चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - outcaste; अहम् (aham) - I; ततः (tataḥ) - then; राजन् (rājan) - O king; भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed; तद् (tad) - that; अभवम् (abhavam) - became; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - died; ब्रह्मस्व-हारी (brahmasva-hārī) - stealer of brahmin's property; च (ca) - and; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; सः (saḥ) - he; अप्रतिष्ठां (apratiṣṭhāṃ) - instability; गतिम् (gatim) - state; ययौ (yayau) - attained;]
(Outcaste I then O king having enjoyed that became died. Stealer of brahmin's property and king he instability state attained.)
O king, I then became an outcaste; having experienced that, I died. The king, who was a stealer of brahmin's property, attained a state of instability. (13-104-10)
तस्माद्धरेन्न विप्रस्वं कदाचिदपि किञ्चन। ब्रह्मस्वरजसा ध्वस्तं भुक्त्वा मां पश्य यादृशम् ॥१३-१०४-११॥
tasmādd haren na viprasvaṃ kadācid api kiñcana। brahmasvarajasā dhvastaṃ bhuktvā māṃ paśya yādṛśam ॥13-104-11॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; हरेत् (haret) - should take away; न (na) - not; विप्रस्वम् (viprasvam) - a brāhmaṇa's wealth; कदाचित् (kadācit) - at any time; अपि (api) - even; किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything; ब्रह्मस्व-रजसा (brahmasva-rajasā) - by the dust (remnant) of brāhmaṇa's wealth; ध्वस्तम् (dhvastam) - destroyed; भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed; माम् (mām) - me; पश्य (paśya) - see; यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - in what state;]
(Therefore, no one should take a brāhmaṇa's wealth, even anything whatsoever, at any time. Having enjoyed even what is destroyed by the dust of brāhmaṇa's wealth, see me in what state.)
Therefore, no one should ever take even the slightest thing belonging to a brāhmaṇa. Having eaten what was destroyed by so much as the dust of a brāhmaṇa's wealth, look at the condition I am in. (13-104-11)
तस्मात्सोमोऽप्यविक्रेयः पुरुषेण विपश्चिता। विक्रयं हीह सोमस्य गर्हयन्ति मनीषिणः ॥१३-१०४-१२॥
tasmāt somo'py avikreyaḥ puruṣeṇa vipaścitā। vikrayaṃ hīha somasya garhayanti manīṣiṇaḥ ॥13-104-12॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma (the sacred plant or its extract); अपि (api) - also; अविक्रेयः (avikreyaḥ) - not to be sold; पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person; विपश्चिता (vipaścitā) - wise; विक्रयम् (vikrayam) - sale; हि (hi) - indeed; इह (iha) - here (in this world); सोमस्य (somasya) - of Soma; गर्हयन्ति (garhayanti) - blame; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise;]
(Therefore Soma also is not to be sold by a wise person; indeed, here the sale of Soma the wise blame.)
Therefore, Soma also is not to be sold by a wise person; for in this world, the sale of Soma is condemned by the wise. (13-104-12)
ये चैनं क्रीणते राजन्ये च विक्रीणते जनाः। ते तु वैवस्वतं प्राप्य रौरवं यान्ति सर्वशः ॥१३-१०४-१३॥
ye cainaṃ krīṇate rājanye ca vikrīṇate janāḥ। te tu vaivasvataṃ prāpya rauravaṃ yānti sarvaśaḥ ॥13-104-13॥
[ये (ye) - who (pl.); च (ca) - and; एनम् (enam) - this (him); क्रीणते (krīṇate) - buy; राजन्ये (rājanye) - in the case of a Kṣatriya (a royal person); च (ca) - and; विक्रीणते (vikrīṇate) - sell; जनाः (janāḥ) - people (persons); ते (te) - they; तु (tu) - but; वैवस्वतं (vaivasvatam) - Vaivasvata (Yama, lord of the dead); प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; रौरवं (rauravam) - Raurava (a hell); यान्ति (yānti) - go; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all (entirely, in all ways);]
(Who and this one buy, in the case of a Kṣatriya, and sell, people; they but, Vaivasvata having attained, Raurava go, all.)
Those people who buy and sell this (person) in the case of a Kṣatriya, after reaching Vaivasvata (Yama), all go to the Raurava hell. (13-104-13)
सोमं तु रजसा ध्वस्तं विक्रीयाद्बुद्धिपूर्वकम्। श्रोत्रियो वार्धुषी भूत्वा चिररात्राय नश्यति ॥ नरकं त्रिंशतं प्राप्य श्वविष्ठामुपजीवति ॥१३-१०४-१४॥
somaṃ tu rajasā dhvastaṃ vikrīyādbuddhipūrvakam। śrotriyo vārdhuṣī bhūtvā cirarātrāya naśyati ॥ narakaṃ triṃśataṃ prāpya śvaviṣṭhāmupajīvati ॥13-104-14॥
[सोमं (somaṃ) - the soma; (sacred ritual beverage); तु (tu) - but; रजसा (rajasā) - by impurity (by defilement); ध्वस्तं (dhvastaṃ) - spoiled; destroyed; विक्रीयात् (vikrīyāt) - one should sell; बुद्धिपूर्वकम् (buddhipūrvakam) - knowingly; intentionally; श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - learned in the Vedas; वार्धुषी (vārdhuṣī) - for the sake of livelihood; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; having turned (into); चिररात्राय (cirarātrāya) - for a long time; for many nights; नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes; is destroyed; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; त्रिंशतं (triṃśataṃ) - thirty; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; after reaching; श्वविष्ठाम् (śvaviṣṭhām) - dog's excrement; उपजीवति (upajīvati) - subsists on; lives by;]
(But if one knowingly sells soma that has been defiled by impurity, the Veda-knowing one—having done so for the sake of livelihood—perishes for a long time. Having reached hell for thirty (years), he subsists on dog’s excrement.)
But if a Vedic scholar knowingly sells soma that has been defiled by impurity, having done so for livelihood, he perishes for a long time, and, after reaching hell for thirty (years), lives by subsisting on dog excrement. (13-104-14)
श्वचर्यामतिमानं च सखिदारेषु विप्लवम्। तुलयाधारयद्धर्मो ह्यतिमानोऽतिरिच्यते ॥१३-१०४-१५॥
śvacaryāmatimānaṃ ca sakhidāreṣu viplavam। tulayādhārayaddharmo hyatimāno'tiricyate॥13-104-15॥
[श्वचर्याम् (śvacaryām) - conduct of a dog; अतिमानं (atimānam) - arrogance; च (ca) - and; सखि-दारेषु (sakhi-dāreṣu) - in friends' wives; विप्लवम् (viplavam) - disorder; तुलया (tulayā) - with a balance; आधारयत् (ādhārayat) - (he) placed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; हि (hi) - for; अतिमानः (atimānaḥ) - arrogance; अतिरिच्यते (atiricyate) - exceeds;]
(Conduct of a dog, arrogance, and disorder among friends' wives—if one places righteous conduct on a balance, indeed arrogance exceeds.)
Dog-like conduct, arrogance, and disorder regarding friends' wives—if one measures with the scale of righteousness, arrogance is found to exceed. (13-104-15)
श्वानं वै पापिनं पश्य विवर्णं हरिणं कृशम्। अतिमानेन भूतानामिमां गतिमुपागतम् ॥१३-१०४-१६॥
śvānaṃ vai pāpinaṃ paśya vivarṇaṃ hariṇaṃ kṛśam। atimānena bhūtānām imāṃ gatim upāgatam ॥13-104-16॥
[श्वानं (śvānam) - dog (accusative singular); वै (vai) - indeed; पापिनं (pāpinaṃ) - sinful; पश्य (paśya) - behold; विवर्णं (vivarṇam) - discolored; हरिणं (hariṇam) - deer (accusative singular); कृशम् (kṛśam) - emaciated; अतिमानेन (atimānena) - by excessive pride; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; इमां (imām) - this (accusative singular, feminine); गतिम् (gatim) - state; उपागतम् (upāgatam) - has attained;]
(Dog indeed sinful behold, discolored deer emaciated; by excessive pride of beings this state has attained (13-104-16))
Behold the sinful dog and the emaciated, discolored deer; through excessive pride, beings have come to this state. (13-104-16)
अहं वै विपुले जातः कुले धनसमन्विते। अन्यस्मिञ्जन्मनि विभो ज्ञानविज्ञानपारगः ॥१३-१०४-१७॥
ahaṃ vai vipule jātaḥ kule dhanasamanvite. anyasmiñjanmani vibho jñānavijñānapāragaḥ ॥13-104-17॥
[अहं (ahaṃ) - I; वै (vai) - indeed; विपुले (vipule) - vast; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; कुले (kule) - in family; धनसमन्विते (dhanasamanvite) - endowed with wealth; अन्यस्मिन् (anyasmin) - in another; जन्मनि (janmani) - birth; विभो (vibho) - O Lord; ज्ञानविज्ञानपारगः (jñānavijñānapāragaḥ) - one who has mastered (reached the end of) knowledge and realization;]
(I indeed in vast, born in family endowed with wealth. In another birth, O Lord, one who has mastered knowledge and realization.)
Indeed, I was born in a great family endowed with wealth. In another birth, O Lord, I was one who had mastered both knowledge and realization. (13-104-17)
अभवं तत्र जानानो ह्येतान्दोषान्मदात्तदा। संरब्ध एव भूतानां पृष्ठमांसान्यभक्षयम् ॥१३-१०४-१८॥
abhavaṁ tatra jānāno hyetāndoṣān madāttadā। saṁrabdha eva bhūtānāṁ pṛṣṭhamānsānyabhakṣayam ॥13-104-18॥
[अभवं (abhavam) - I became; (from भू, to be, first person singular aorist); तत्र (tatra) - there; जानानः (jānānaḥ) - knowing; (present participle, nom. sg. m.) हि (hi) - indeed; एतान् (etān) - these; (acc. pl. m.) दोषान् (doṣān) - faults; (acc. pl. m.) मदात् (madāt) - from pride; (ablative singular) तदा (tadā) - then; संरब्धः (saṁrabdhaḥ) - enraged; (nom. sg. m.) एव (eva) - indeed; only; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; (gen. pl.) पृष्ठमांसानि (pṛṣṭhamāṁsāni) - back-flesh; (acc. pl. n.) अभक्षयम् (abhakṣayam) - I ate; (from भक्ष्, to eat, 1st person singular imperfect);]
(I became there, knowing indeed these faults from pride then. Enraged indeed, I ate the back-flesh of beings.)
There, even though I knew these faults, out of pride, then being enraged, I ate the flesh from the backs of creatures. (13-104-18)
सोऽहं तेन च वृत्तेन भोजनेन च तेन वै। इमामवस्थां सम्प्राप्तः पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम् ॥१३-१०४-१९॥
so'haṃ tena ca vṛttena bhojanena ca tena vai। imāmavasthāṃ samprāptaḥ paśya kālasya paryayam ॥13-104-19॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अहम् (aham) - I; तेन (tena) - by that; च (ca) - and; वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by livelihood; भोजनेन (bhojanena) - by food; च (ca) - and; तेन (tena) - by that; वै (vai) - indeed; इमाम् (imām) - this; अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state; सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - attained; पश्य (paśya) - see; कालस्य (kālasya) - of time; पर्ययम् (paryayam) - course (change);]
(He I by that and by livelihood by food and by that indeed this state attained see of time course.)
I am that person who, by that and by that livelihood and food, has indeed attained this condition—see the course of time. (13-104-19)
आदीप्तमिव चैलान्तं भ्रमरैरिव चार्दितम्। धावमानं सुसंरब्धं पश्य मां रजसान्वितम् ॥१३-१०४-२०॥
ādīptam iva cailāntaṁ bhramarair iva cārditam। dhāvamānaṁ susaṁrabdhaṁ paśya māṁ rajasānvitam॥13-104-20॥
[आदीप्तम् (ādīptam) - inflamed; इव (iva) - like; चैलान्तम् (cailāntam) - cloth-end; भ्रमरैः (bhramaraiḥ) - by bees; इव (iva) - like; चार्दितम् (cārditam) - tormented; धावमानम् (dhāvamānam) - running; सुसंरब्धम् (susaṁrabdham) - very enraged; पश्य (paśya) - see; माम् (mām) - me; रजसा (rajasā) - with dust; अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed;]
(See me, endowed with dust, running very enraged, like the end of a cloth inflamed, tormented like by bees.)
Behold me, covered with dust, running very enraged—like a piece of cloth that is on fire, and tormented as if by bees. (13-104-20)
स्वाध्यायैस्तु महत्पापं तरन्ति गृहमेधिनः। दानैः पृथग्विधैश्चापि यथा प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१३-१०४-२१॥
svādhyāyaistu mahatpāpaṃ taranti gṛhamedhinaḥ। dānaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiścāpi yathā prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ॥13-104-21॥
[स्वाध्यायैः (svādhyāyaiḥ) - by self-study; तु (tu) - but; महत्पापं (mahat-pāpam) - great sin; तरन्ति (taranti) - cross over; गृहमेधिनः (gṛha-medhinaḥ) - householders; दानैः (dānaiḥ) - by gifts; पृथक्विधैः (pṛthag-vidhaiḥ) - of various kinds; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; यथा (yathā) - as; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - have declared; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise;]
(But by self-study, householders cross over great sin; by gifts of various kinds also, as the wise have declared.)
Householders cross over great sin through self-study and also by gifts of various kinds, as the wise have declared. (13-104-21)
तथा पापकृतं विप्रमाश्रमस्थं महीपते। सर्वसङ्गविनिर्मुक्तं छन्दांस्युत्तारयन्त्युत ॥१३-१०४-२२॥
tathā pāpakṛtaṃ vipram āśramasthaṃ mahīpate. sarvasaṅgavinirmuktaṃ chandāṃsy uttārayanty uta ॥13-104-22॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; पापकृतं (pāpakṛtam) - committer of evil deeds; विप्रम् (vipram) - brāhmaṇa; आश्रमस्थं (āśramastham) - dwelling in hermitage; महीपते (mahīpate) - O king; सर्वसङ्गविनिर्मुक्तं (sarvasaṅgavinirmuktam) - free from all attachments; छन्दांसि (chandāṃsi) - the Vedas; उत्तारयन्ति (uttārayanti) - cause to cross over; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Thus, O king, the Vedas indeed cause even a brāhmaṇa, committed of evil deeds, dwelling in a hermitage, and free from all attachments, to cross over.)
Thus, O king, even a brāhmaṇa dwelling in a hermitage who has committed evil deeds, if he is free from all attachments, is indeed lifted up by the Vedas. (13-104-22)
अहं तु पापयोन्यां वै प्रसूतः क्षत्रियर्षभ। निश्चयं नाधिगच्छामि कथं मुच्येयमित्युत ॥१३-१०४-२३॥
ahaṃ tu pāpayonyāṃ vai prasūtaḥ kṣatriyarṣabha। niścayaṃ nādhigacchāmi kathaṃ mucyeyam ity uta॥13-104-23॥
[अहं (ahaṃ) - I; तु (tu) - but; पापयोन्यां (pāpayonyām) - in sinful womb; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रसूतः (prasūtaḥ) - born; क्षत्रियर्षभ (kṣatriyarṣabha) - O best of Kṣatriyas; निश्चयं (niścayam) - certainty; न (na) - not; अधिगच्छामि (adhigacchāmi) - I attain; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; मुच्येयम् (mucyeyam) - I might be freed; इति (iti) - thus; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(I but in sinful womb indeed born O best of Kṣatriyas. Certainty not I attain how I might be freed, thus indeed.)
But I, born indeed in a sinful womb, O best of Kṣatriyas, do not ascertain how I might be freed, thus indeed. (13-104-23)
जातिस्मरत्वं तु मम केनचित्पूर्वकर्मणा। शुभेन येन मोक्षं वै प्राप्तुमिच्छाम्यहं नृप ॥१३-१०४-२४॥
jātismaratvaṃ tu mama kenacit pūrvakarmaṇā। śubhena yena mokṣaṃ vai prāptum icchāmi ahaṃ nṛpa ॥13-104-24॥
[जातिस्मरत्वं (jātismaratvam) - remembrance of past births; तु (tu) - but; मम (mama) - my; केनचित् (kenacit) - by some; पूर्वकर्मणा (pūrvakarmaṇā) - past action; शुभेन (śubhena) - by auspicious (action); येन (yena) - by which; मोक्षं (mokṣam) - liberation; वै (vai) - indeed; प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to attain; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; अहं (ahaṃ) - I; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]
(But remembrance of past births is mine by some past action, by auspicious (action) by which liberation indeed to attain I desire, O king.)
O king, I possess remembrance of past births due to some previous auspicious deed, by which I indeed desire to attain liberation. (13-104-24)
त्वमिमं मे प्रपन्नाय संशयं ब्रूहि पृच्छते। चण्डालत्वात्कथमहं मुच्येयमिति सत्तम ॥१३-१०४-२५॥
tvam imaṃ me prapannāya saṃśayaṃ brūhi pṛcchate। caṇḍālatvāt katham ahaṃ mucyeyam iti sattama ॥13-104-25॥
[त्वम् (tvam) - you; इमम् (imam) - this; मे (me) - to me; प्रपन्नाय (prapannāya) - who has sought refuge; संशयम् (saṃśayam) - doubt; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पृच्छते (pṛcchate) - asking; चण्डालत्वात् (caṇḍālatvāt) - from state of being a caṇḍāla; कथम् (katham) - how; अहम् (aham) - I; मुच्येयम् (mucyeyam) - may be released; इति (iti) - thus; सत्तम (sattama) - O best one;]
(You this to me who has sought refuge, the doubt, tell, asking; from state of being a caṇḍāla, how I may be released, thus, O best one.)
O best of beings, I—who have sought your refuge—ask you this: Please tell me my doubt. How may I be released from the state of being a caṇḍāla? (13-104-25)
राजन्य उवाच॥
rājanya uvāca॥
[राजन्य (rājanya) - the royal person; the king; उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(The king said;)
The king said.
चण्डाल प्रतिजानीहि येन मोक्षमवाप्स्यसि। ब्राह्मणार्थे त्यजन्प्राणान्गतिमिष्टामवाप्स्यसि ॥१३-१०४-२६॥
caṇḍāla pratijānīhi yena mokṣam avāpsyasi। brāhmaṇārthe tyajan prāṇān gatim iṣṭām avāpsyasi॥13-104-26॥
[चण्डाल (caṇḍāla) - outcaste; प्रतिजानीहि (pratijānīhi) - promise; येन (yena) - by which; मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - liberation; अवाप्स्यसि (avāpsyasi) - you will attain; ब्राह्मणार्थे (brāhmaṇārthe) - for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa; त्यजन् (tyajan) - abandoning; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths; गतिम् (gatim) - state; इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired; अवाप्स्यसि (avāpsyasi) - you will obtain;]
(Outcaste, promise (that) by which liberation you will attain. For the sake of a Brāhmaṇa, abandoning life-breaths, the desired state you will attain.)
Outcaste, promise by which you will attain liberation. If you give up your life for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa, you will attain the desired state. (13-104-26)
दत्त्वा शरीरं क्रव्याद्भ्यो रणाग्नौ द्विजहेतुकम्। हुत्वा प्राणान्प्रमोक्षस्ते नान्यथा मोक्षमर्हसि ॥१३-१०४-२७॥
dattvā śarīraṃ kravyādbhyo raṇāgnau dvijahetukam। hutvā prāṇān pramokṣas te nānyathā mokṣam arhasi ॥13-104-27॥
[दत्त्वा (dattvā) (dattvā) - having given; शरीरम् (śarīram) (śarīram) - body; क्रव्याद्भ्यः (kravyādbhyaḥ) (kravyādbhyaḥ) - to the flesh-eaters; रण-अग्नौ (raṇa-agnau) (raṇa-agnau) - in the battlefield-fire; द्विज-हेतुकम् (dvija-hetukam) (dvija-hetukam) - for the sake of the twice-born (Brāhmaṇas); हुत्वा (hutvā) (hutvā) - having offered; प्राणान् (prāṇān) (prāṇān) - life-breaths; प्रमोक्षः (pramokṣaḥ) (pramokṣaḥ) - liberation; ते (te) (te) - to you; न (na) (na) - not; अन्यथा (anyathā) (anyathā) - otherwise; मोक्षम् (mokṣam) (mokṣam) - liberation; अर्हसि (arhasi) (arhasi) - you deserve;]
(Having given the body to the flesh-eaters in the battlefield-fire, for the sake of the twice-born, having offered the life-breaths, liberation is for you, not otherwise you deserve liberation.)
By giving your body to the flesh-eaters in the fire of battle, and sacrificing your life for the sake of the twice-born, you attain liberation—otherwise, you do not deserve liberation. (13-104-27)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper name; the son of Śāntanu and Gaṅgā; respected elder of the Kuru dynasty; उवाच (uvāca) - said; (perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from √vac;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said;
इत्युक्तः स तदा राजन्ब्रह्मस्वार्थे परन्तप। हुत्वा रणमुखे प्राणान्गतिमिष्टामवाप ह ॥१३-१०४-२८॥
ityuktaḥ sa tadā rājan brahmasvārthe parantapa। hutvā raṇamukhe prāṇān gatimiṣṭām avāpa ha ॥13-104-28॥
[इति उक्तः (iti uktaḥ) - thus addressed; स (sa) - he; तदा (tadā) - then; राजन् (rājan) - O king; ब्रह्मस्व-अर्थे (brahmasva-arthe) - for the sake of sacred wealth; परन्तप (parantapa) - scorcher of foes; हुत्वा (hutvā) - having sacrificed; रण-मुखे (raṇa-mukhe) - in the battle-front; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives; गतिम् इष्टाम् (gatim iṣṭām) - desired state; अवाप (avāpa) - attained; ह (ha) - indeed;]
(Thus addressed, he then, O king, for the sake of sacred wealth, O scorcher of foes, having sacrificed his lives in the battle-front, attained the desired state indeed.)
O king, thus addressed, he, for the sake of sacred wealth, O scorcher of foes, sacrificed his life on the battlefield and indeed attained the desired state. (13-104-28)
तस्माद्रक्ष्यं त्वया पुत्र ब्रह्मस्वं भरतर्षभ। यदीच्छसि महाबाहो शाश्वतीं गतिमुत्तमाम् ॥१३-१०४-२९॥
tasmādrakṣyaṃ tvayā putra brahmasvaṃ bharatarṣabha। yadīcchasi mahābāho śāśvatīṃ gatimuttamām ॥13-104-29॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; रक्ष्यम् (rakṣyam) - should be protected; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; पुत्र (putra) - O son; ब्रह्मस्वम् (brahmasvam) - Brahmanical wealth; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; यदि (yadi) - if; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one; शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal; गतिम् (gatim) - abode; उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - supreme;]
(Therefore, that wealth of Brāhmaṇas should be protected by you, O son, O best of the Bharatas. If you desire, O mighty-armed one, the supreme eternal abode.)
Therefore, O son, O best of the Bharatas, Brahmanical wealth must be protected by you, if you, O mighty-armed one, desire the supreme and eternal goal. (13-104-29)
