13.112

संसारचक्रम्

saṁsāracakram

[संसार (saṁsāra) - cycle of birth and death; चक्रम् (cakram) - wheel;]

(saṁsāra wheel;)

The wheel of saṁsāra (the cycle of birth and death);

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he said);]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

पितामह महाबाहो सर्वशास्त्रविशारद। श्रोतुमिच्छामि मर्त्यानां संसारविधिमुत्तमम् ॥१३-११२-१॥

pitāmaha mahābāho sarvaśāstraviśārada। śrotum icchāmi martyānāṃ saṃsāravidhim uttamam ॥13-112-1॥

[पितामह (pitāmaha) - grandfather; Brahmā; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; सर्वशास्त्रविशारद (sarvaśāstraviśārada) - versed in all scriptures; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals; संसारविधिम् (saṃsāravidhim) - the law of worldly existence; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme;]

(Grandfather, O mighty-armed, versed in all scriptures, I desire to hear the supreme law of worldly existence of mortals.)

O Grandfather, mighty-armed one versed in all the scriptures, I wish to hear from you the supreme law of the world's existence pertaining to mortals. (13-112-1)

केन वृत्तेन राजेन्द्र वर्तमाना नरा युधि। प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तमं स्वर्गं कथं च नरकं नृप ॥१३-११२-२॥

kena vṛttena rājendra vartamānā narā yudhi। prāpnuvantyuttamaṃ svargaṃ kathaṃ ca narakaṃ nṛpa॥13-112-2॥

[केन (kena) - by what; वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - conduct; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; वर्तमाना (vartamānā) - dwelling; नरा (narā) - men; युधि (yudhi) - in battle; प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - attain; उत्तमं (uttamam) - highest; स्वर्गं (svargam) - heaven; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; च (ca) - and; नरकं (narakam) - hell; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]

(By what conduct, O king, dwelling men in battle attain the highest heaven, and how also hell, O king?)

O king, by what conduct do men living in battle attain the highest heaven, and how do they reach hell, O king? (13-112-2)

मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः। प्रयान्त्यमुं लोकमितः को वै ताननुगच्छति ॥१३-११२-३॥

mṛtaṃ śarīram utsṛjya kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samaṃ janāḥ। prayānti amuṃ lokam itaḥ ko vai tān anugacchati॥13-112-3॥

[मृतं (mṛtam) - dead; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having given up; काष्ठ-लोष्ट-समम् (kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samam) - equal to wood and clod (i.e. insentient matter); जनाः (janāḥ) - people; प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - depart; अमुं (amuṃ) - that; लोकम् (lokam) - world; इतः (itaḥ) - from here; कः (kaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; तान् (tān) - them; अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows;]

(The dead body, having given up (which is) like wood and clod, people depart to that world from here; who indeed follows them?)

Abandoning the dead body, which is no different from a piece of wood or a clod, people depart from here to that other world; who indeed follows them? (13-112-3)

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun, name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from verbal root 'vac', to speak);]

(Bhīṣma said;)

Bhīṣma said.

असावायाति भगवान्बृहस्पतिरुदारधीः। पृच्छैनं सुमहाभागमेतद्गुह्यं सनातनम् ॥१३-११२-४॥

asāv āyāti bhagavān bṛhaspatir udāradhīḥ। pṛccha enaṁ sumahābhāgam etad guhyaṁ sanātanam ॥13-112-4॥

[असौ (asau) - this (he); आयाति (āyāti) - comes; arrives; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; the lord; बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (proper noun); उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - of noble intelligence; great-minded; पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask; एनम् (enam) - him; सुमहाभागम् (sumahābhāgam) - greatly fortunate; एतत् (etat) - this; गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal;]

(This (he), the venerable Bṛhaspati, of noble intelligence, comes. Ask him, greatly fortunate one, this secret eternal.)

Here comes the venerable Bṛhaspati, noble in intellect. Ask him, greatly fortunate one, about this eternal secret. (13-112-4)

नैतदन्येन शक्यं हि वक्तुं केनचिदद्य वै। वक्ता बृहस्पतिसमो न ह्यन्यो विद्यते क्वचित् ॥१३-११२-५॥

naitad anyena śakyaṃ hi vaktuṃ kenacid adya vai। vaktā bṛhaspati-samaḥ na hi anyaḥ vidyate kvacit॥13-112-5॥

[न (na) - not; एतत् (etat) - this; अन्येन (anyena) - by another; शक्यं (śakyaṃ) - possible; हि (hi) - indeed; वक्तुं (vaktuṃ) - to speak; केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone; अद्य (adya) - today; वै (vai) - truly; वक्ता (vaktā) - speaker; बृहस्पतिसमः (bṛhaspati-samaḥ) - equal to Bṛhaspati; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere;]

(Not this by another possible indeed to speak by anyone today truly. Speaker equal to Bṛhaspati not indeed another exists anywhere.)

Indeed, no one else is able to speak this today; there is no other speaker anywhere equal to Bṛhaspati. (13-112-5)

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

तयोः संवदतोरेवं पार्थगाङ्गेययोस्तदा। आजगाम विशुद्धात्मा भगवान्स बृहस्पतिः ॥१३-११२-६॥

tayoḥ saṃvadatorevaṃ pārthagāṅgeyayostadā। ājagāma viśuddhātmā bhagavān sa bṛhaspatiḥ ॥13-112-6॥

[तयोः (tayoḥ) - of the two; संवदतोः (saṃvadatoḥ) - while conversing; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; पार्थगाङ्गेययोः (pārthagāṅgeyayoḥ) - of Pārtha and Gāṅgeya; तदा (tadā) - then; आजगाम (ājagāma) - approached; विशुद्धात्मा (viśuddhātmā) - with pure soul; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Venerable; स (sa) - he; बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati;]

(Of the two while conversing thus, of Pārtha and Gāṅgeya, then approached with pure soul the Venerable he Bṛhaspati.)

As Pārtha and Gāṅgeya were thus conversing, then the Venerable Bṛhaspati, of purified soul, approached them. (13-112-6)

ततो राजा समुत्थाय धृतराष्ट्रपुरोगमः। पूजामनुपमां चक्रे सर्वे ते च सभासदः ॥१३-११२-७॥

tato rājā samutthāya dhṛtarāṣṭra-purogamaḥ। pūjām-anupamāṃ cakre sarve te ca sabhāsadaḥ॥13-112-7॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; राजा (rājā) - the king; समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having arisen; धृतराष्ट्रपुरोगमः (dhṛtarāṣṭra-purogamaḥ) - with Dhritarashtra at the forefront; पूजाम् (pūjām) - honor; अनुपमाम् (anupamām) - incomparable; चक्रे (cakre) - performed; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ते (te) - they; च (ca) - and; सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members;]

(Then the king, having arisen, with Dhritarashtra at the forefront, performed incomparable honor; all they and the assembly members.)

Then the king, accompanied by Dhritarashtra, rose and, along with all the assembly members, offered unparalleled honor. (13-112-7)

ततो धर्मसुतो राजा भगवन्तं बृहस्पतिम्। उपगम्य यथान्यायं प्रश्नं पप्रच्छ सुव्रतः ॥१३-११२-८॥

tato dharmasuto rājā bhagavantaṃ bṛhaspatim। upagamya yathānyāyaṃ praśnaṃ papraccha suvraṭaḥ॥13-112-8॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; धर्मसुतः (dharmasutaḥ) - the son of Dharma; राजा (rājā) - king; भगवन्तम् (bhagavantam) - the Venerable; बृहस्पतिम् (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati; उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached; यथा-न्यायम् (yathā-nyāyam) - according to proper method; प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question; पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked; सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of excellent vows;]

(Then Dharma's son, the king, having approached the Venerable Bṛhaspati according to proper method, question asked, of excellent vows.)

Then the king, son of Dharma, of excellent vows, approached the Venerable Bṛhaspati in proper manner and asked a question. (13-112-8)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (a proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Yudhishthira said;)

Yudhishthira said.

भगवन्सर्वधर्मज्ञ सर्वशास्त्रविशारद। मर्त्यस्य कः सहायो वै पिता माता सुतो गुरुः ॥१३-११२-९॥

bhagavan-sarvadharmajña sarvaśāstraviśārada। martyasya kaḥ sahāyo vai pitā mātā suto guruḥ ॥13-112-9॥

[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; सर्वधर्मज्ञ (sarvadharmajña) - knower of all dharmas; सर्वशास्त्रविशारद (sarvaśāstraviśārada) - one proficient in all treatises; मर्त्यस्य (martyasya) - of the mortal; कः (kaḥ) - who; सहायः (sahāyaḥ) - helper; वै (vai) - indeed; पिता (pitā) - father; माता (mātā) - mother; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher;]

(O Lord, knower of all dharmas, one proficient in all treatises, of the mortal, who is the helper indeed—the father, mother, son, (or) teacher?)

O Lord, knower of all dharmas and all treatises, who indeed is truly the helper of a mortal—father, mother, son, or teacher? (13-112-9)

मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः। गच्छन्त्यमुत्रलोकं वै क एनमनुगच्छति ॥१३-११२-१०॥

mṛtaṃ śarīram utsṛjya kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samaṃ janāḥ। gacchanti amutra-lokaṃ vai kaḥ enam anugacchati ॥13-112-10॥

[मृतं (mṛtam) - dead; (that which is) dead; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; काष्ठलोष्टसमम् (kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samam) - like wood and clod; (as) equal to wood and clay; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; अमत्रलोकम् (amutra-lokam) - to the other world; (to the world yonder;) वै (vai) - indeed; कः (kaḥ) - who; एनम् (enam) - him; (this one;) अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows;]

(Having abandoned the dead body, (which is considered) as wood and clod, people go to the world yonder indeed. Who follows him?)

Having left the dead body, which is regarded as no different from wood or a lump of clay, people go to the other world indeed. Who then follows him? (13-112-10)

बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥

bṛhaspatiruvāca॥

[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (the name of the sage, preceptor of the gods); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]

(Bṛhaspati said;)

Bṛhaspati said.

एकः प्रसूतो राजेन्द्र जन्तुरेको विनश्यति। एकस्तरति दुर्गाणि गच्छत्येकश्च दुर्गतिम् ॥१३-११२-११॥

ekaḥ prasūto rājendra jantureko vinaśyati। ekastarati durgāṇi gacchatyekaśca durgatim ॥13-112-11॥

[एकः (ekaḥ) - one; प्रसूतः (prasūtaḥ) - born; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; तरति (tarati) - crosses; दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; च (ca) - and; दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - to a bad situation;]

(One is born, O king, one living being perishes alone; one alone crosses difficulties, and one alone goes to a bad situation.)

O king, a living being is born alone and alone perishes; one crosses hardships alone, and alone reaches misfortune. (13-112-11)

असहायः पिता माता तथा भ्राता सुतो गुरुः। ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिवर्गश्च मित्रवर्गस्तथैव च ॥१३-११२-१२॥

asahāyaḥ pitā mātā tathā bhrātā suto guruḥ। jñātisambandhivargaś ca mitravargas tathaiva ca ॥13-112-12॥

[असहायः (asahāyaḥ) - helpless; पिता (pitā) - father; माता (mātā) - mother; तथा (tathā) - and; भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिवर्गः (jñātisambandhivargaḥ) - group of relatives and connections; च (ca) - and; मित्रवर्गः (mitravargaḥ) - group of friends; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]

(Helpless; father; mother; and; brother; son; teacher; group of relatives and connections; and; group of friends; likewise; and.)

The helpless, as well as the father, mother, brother, son, teacher, group of relatives and connections, and the group of friends likewise. (13-112-12)

मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं जनाः। मुहूर्तमुपतिष्ठन्ति ततो यान्ति पराङ्मुखाः ॥ तैस्तच्छरीरमुत्सृष्टं धर्म एकोऽनुगच्छति ॥१३-११२-१३॥

mṛtaṃ śarīram utsṛjya kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samaṃ janāḥ। muhūrtam upatiṣṭhanti tato yānti parāṅmukhāḥ॥ taistaccharīram utsṛṣṭaṃ dharma eko'nugacchati॥ 13-112-13॥

[मृतं (mṛtam) - dead; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; काष्ठलोष्टसमम् (kāṣṭha-loṣṭa-samam) - equal to wood and clod; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment; उपतिष्ठन्ति (upatiṣṭhanti) - stand by; ततः (tataḥ) - then; यान्ति (yānti) - they go; पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - turning away; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; तत् (tat) - that; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; उत्सृष्टम् (utsṛṣṭam) - abandoned; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; एकः (ekaḥ) - alone; अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - goes after;]

(Having abandoned the dead body, people stand by for a moment, then go turning away. By them, that body having been abandoned, dharma alone goes after.)

People, having abandoned the dead body that is like wood or a clod, stand by for a moment, then turn away and depart. Dharma alone follows the body that has been thus left behind by them. (13-112-13)

तस्माद्धर्मः सहायार्थे सेवितव्यः सदा नृभिः। प्राणी धर्मसमायुक्तो गच्छते स्वर्गतिं पराम् ॥ तथैवाधर्मसंयुक्तो नरकायोपपद्यते ॥१३-११२-१४॥

tasmāddharmaḥ sahāyārthe sevitavyaḥ sadā nṛbhiḥ। prāṇī dharmasamāyukto gacchate svargatiṃ parām॥ tathaivādharmasamayukto narakāyopapadyate॥13-112-14॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) (tasmāt) - therefore; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; सहायार्थे (sahāyārthe) (sahāyārthe) - for the purpose of help; सेवितव्यः (sevitavyaḥ) (sevitavyaḥ) - is to be observed; सदा (sadā) (sadā) - always; नृभिः (nṛbhiḥ) (nṛbhiḥ) - by men; प्राणी (prāṇī) (prāṇī) - a being; धर्मसमायुक्तः (dharmasamāyuktaḥ) (dharmasamāyuktaḥ) - united with righteousness; गच्छते (gacchate) (gacchate) - goes; स्वर्गतिम् (svargatim) (svargatim) - to the state of heaven; पराम् (parām) (parām) - supreme; तथैव (tathaiva) (tathaiva) - in the same way; अधर्मसमयुक्तः (adharmasamayuktaḥ) (adharmasamayuktaḥ) - united with unrighteousness; नरकाय (narakāya) (narakāya) - to hell; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) (upapadyate) - attains;]

(Therefore, righteousness for the purpose of help is to be observed always by men. A being united with righteousness goes to the supreme heavenly state. In the same way, one united with unrighteousness attains to hell. (13-112-14))

Therefore, righteousness should always be practiced by men to help others. He who is endowed with righteousness attains the highest heaven; conversely, one united with unrighteousness goes to hell. (13-112-14)

तस्मान्न्यायागतैरर्थैर्धर्मं सेवेत पण्डितः। धर्म एको मनुष्याणां सहायः पारलौकिकः ॥१३-११२-१५॥

tasmān-nyāyāgatair-arthair-dharmaṃ seveta paṇḍitaḥ। dharma eko manuṣyāṇāṃ sahāyaḥ pāralaukikaḥ ॥13-112-15॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; न्यायागतैः (nyāyāgataiḥ) - obtained by right; अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by means (wealth); धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; सेवेत (seveta) - should serve; पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - the wise (person); धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; एको (eko) - alone; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; सहायः (sahāyaḥ) - assistant; पारलौकिकः (pāralaukikaḥ) - otherworldly;]

(Therefore, by means obtained by right, a wise man should serve dharma. Dharma alone is the assistant of men in the other world. (13-112-15))

Therefore, a wise person should follow dharma using wealth acquired by just means; for dharma alone is the true companion of humans in the world beyond. (13-112-15)

लोभान्मोहादनुक्रोशाद्भयाद्वाप्यबहुश्रुतः। नरः करोत्यकार्याणि परार्थे लोभमोहितः ॥१३-११२-१६॥

lobhān mohād anukrośād bhayād vā api abahuśrutaḥ। naraḥ karoti akāryāṇi parārthe lobha-mohitaḥ॥13-112-16॥

[लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion; अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - from compassion; भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अबहुश्रुतः (abahuśrutaḥ) - not-well-learned one; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; करोति (karoti) - does; अकार्याणि (akāryāṇi) - improper acts; परार्थे (parārthe) - for the sake of another; लोभमोहितः (lobha-mohitaḥ) - deluded by greed;]

(From greed, from delusion, from compassion, from fear, or even a not-well-learned man, a man does improper acts for the sake of another, deluded by greed.)

Due to greed, delusion, compassion, or fear, or even if he is not well-learned, a man, deluded by greed, performs improper acts for the sake of another. (13-112-16)

धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च त्रितयं जीविते फलम्। एतत्त्रयमवाप्तव्यमधर्मपरिवर्जितम् ॥१३-११२-१७॥

dharmaś cārthaś ca kāmaś ca tritayaṃ jīvite phalam। etat trayam avāptavyam adharma-parivarjitam ॥13-112-17॥

[धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; च (ca) - and; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; त्रितयम् (tritayam) - the triad; जीविते (jīvite) - in life; फलम् (phalam) - result; एतत् (etat) - this; त्रयम् (trayam) - triad; अवाप्तव्यम् (avāptavyam) - to be obtained; अधर्म (adharma) - unrighteousness; परिवर्जितम् (parivarjitam) - avoided;]

(Righteousness and wealth and desire, the triad, in life is the result. This triad is to be obtained, unrighteousness being avoided.)

Righteousness, wealth, and desire are the threefold fruits of life. These three are to be attained by avoiding unrighteousness. (13-112-17)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (3rd person singular past tense of 'vac');]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said.)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

श्रुतं भगवतो वाक्यं धर्मयुक्तं परं हितम्। शरीरविचयं ज्ञातुं बुद्धिस्तु मम जायते ॥१३-११२-१८॥

śrutaṃ bhagavato vākyaṃ dharmayuktaṃ paraṃ hitam। śarīravicayaṃ jñātuṃ buddhis tu mama jāyate॥13-112-18॥

[श्रुतं (śrutam) - heard;, भगवतो (bhagavataḥ) - of the venerable;, वाक्यं (vākyaṃ) - statement;, धर्मयुक्तं (dharmayuktam) - endowed with dharma;, परं (param) - supreme;, हितम् (hitam) - beneficial;, शरीरविचयं (śarīravicayam) - discrimination of the body;, ज्ञातुं (jñātum) - to know;, बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect;, तु (tu) - but;, मम (mama) - my;, जायते (jāyate) - arises;]

(Heard is the venerable's statement, endowed with dharma, the supreme beneficial; to know the discrimination of the body, but my intellect arises.)

I have heard the venerable's words, which are endowed with dharma and are supremely beneficial; but my mind now arises with the desire to know the discrimination of the body. (13-112-18)

मृतं शरीररहितं सूक्ष्ममव्यक्ततां गतम्। अचक्षुर्विषयं प्राप्तं कथं धर्मोऽनुगच्छति ॥१३-११२-१९॥

mṛtaṃ śarīrarahitaṃ sūkṣmamavyaktatāṃ gatam। acakṣurviṣayaṃ prāptaṃ kathaṃ dharmo'nugacchati ॥13-112-19॥

[मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead; शरीररहितम् (śarīrarahitam) - devoid of body; सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - subtle; अव्यक्तताम् (avyaktatām) - to the state of unmanifest; गतम् (gatam) - gone; अचक्षुर्विषयम् (acakṣurviṣayam) - beyond the range of sight; प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - reached; कथम् (katham) - how; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows;]

(Dead, devoid of body, subtle, gone to the state of unmanifest, reached beyond the range of sight, how does dharma follow?)

When one is dead, without a body, subtle, having gone to the unmanifest state and beyond the reach of sight, how does dharma follow (that being)? (13-112-19)

बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥

bṛhaspatiruvāca॥

[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (the name of a sage or deity, often the preceptor of the gods); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]

(Bṛhaspati spoke;)

Bṛhaspati said;

पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम्। बुद्धिरात्मा च सहिता धर्मं पश्यन्ति नित्यदा ॥१३-११२-२०॥

pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotiś ca pañcamam। buddhir ātmā ca sahitā dharmaṃ paśyanti nityadā ॥13-112-20॥

[पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air; आकाशम् (ākāśam) - ether; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - light; च (ca) - and; पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - the fifth; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; च (ca) - and; सहिता (sahitā) - together; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - perceive; नित्यदा (nityadā) - always;]

(Earth, air, ether, waters, light and the fifth; intellect and self together perceive dharma always.)

Earth, air, space, water, and light—the five; together with intellect and self—always perceive dharma. (13-112-20)

प्राणिनामिह सर्वेषां साक्षिभूतानि चानिशम्। एतैश्च स ह धर्मोऽपि तं जीवमनुगच्छति ॥१३-११२-२१॥

prāṇinām iha sarveṣāṃ sākṣibhūtāni ca aniśam। etaiś ca sa ha dharmaḥ api tam jīvam anugacchati॥13-112-21॥

[प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings; इह (iha) - here; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; साक्षिभूतानि (sākṣibhūtāni) - witness-beings; च (ca) - and; अनिशम् (aniśam) - always; एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these; च (ca) - and; स (sa) - he; ह (ha) - indeed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; अपि (api) - also; तं (tam) - that; जीवम् (jīvam) - soul; अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows;]

(Of living beings here for all, the witness-beings also always; by these also, he indeed, dharma also, that soul follows.)

Here, for all living beings, there are always witness-beings; by these, indeed, dharma also follows that soul. (13-112-21)

त्वगस्थिमांसं शुक्रं च शोणितं च महामते। शरीरं वर्जयन्त्येते जीवितेन विवर्जितम् ॥१३-११२-२२॥

tvag-asthi-māṁsaṁ śukraṁ ca śoṇitaṁ ca mahā-mate। śarīraṁ varjayanty ete jīvitena vivarjitam ॥13-112-22॥

[त्वक् (tvak) (tvak) - skin; अस्थि (asthi) (asthi) - bone; मांसम् (māṁsam) (māṁsam) - flesh; शुक्रम् (śukram) (śukram) - semen; च (ca) (ca) - and; शोणितम् (śoṇitam) (śoṇitam) - blood; च (ca) (ca) - and; महामते (mahā-mate) (mahā-mate) - O great-minded one; शरीरम् (śarīram) (śarīram) - body; वर्जयन्ति (varjayanti) (varjayanti) - they leave; एते (ete) (ete) - these; जीवितेन (jīvitena) (jīvitena) - by life; विवर्जितम् (vivarjitam) (vivarjitam) - deprived;]

(Skin, bone, flesh, semen and blood, O great-minded one, these leave the body deprived of life.)

O great-minded one, skin, bone, flesh, semen, and blood—these abandon the body when it is deprived of life. (13-112-22)

ततो धर्मसमायुक्तः स जीवः सुखमेधते। इह लोके परे चैव किं भूयः कथयामि ते ॥१३-११२-२३॥

tato dharmasamāyuktaḥ sa jīvaḥ sukhamedhate। iha loke pare caiva kiṃ bhūyaḥ kathayāmi te॥13-112-23॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; from that; thus; धर्मसमायुक्तः (dharmasamāyuktaḥ) - endowed with dharma; associated with righteousness; स (sa) - he; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - being; living entity; soul; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; pleasure; एधते (edhate) - grows; increases; इह (iha) - here; लोके (loke) - in the world; परे (pare) - in the next; beyond; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; किं (kiṃ) - what; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more; further; कथयामि (kathayāmi) - shall I say; do I speak; ते (te) - to you;]

(Then, endowed with dharma, he, the jīva, happiness increases. Here in the world and indeed in the next, what more shall I say to you?)

Thus, when endowed with righteousness, the soul prospers in happiness. In this world and in the next, what more need I tell you? (13-112-23)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

अनुदर्शितं भगवता यथा धर्मोऽनुगच्छति। एतत्तु ज्ञातुमिच्छामि कथं रेतः प्रवर्तते ॥१३-११२-२४॥

anudarśitaṃ bhagavatā yathā dharmo'nugacchati। etattu jñātum icchāmi kathaṃ retaḥ pravartate ॥13-112-24॥

[अनुदर्शितं (anudarśitam) - demonstrated; (as) shown; भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the Revered One; by the Lord; यथा (yathā) - as; in the manner that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; law; righteousness; अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows; proceeds after; accompanies; एतत् (etat) - this; तु (tu) - but; however; ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; कथम् (katham) - how; रेतः (retaḥ) - seed; semen; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds; arises; is produced;]

(Demonstrated by the Lord, as dharma follows; this, however, to know I wish: how seed arises.)

The Lord has demonstrated how dharma proceeds; but this I wish to know: how does seed originate? (13-112-24)

बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥

bṛhaspatiruvāca॥

[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (the sage, or preceptor of the gods); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bṛhaspati said;)

Bṛhaspati said.

अन्नमश्नन्ति ये देवाः शरीरस्था नरेश्वर। पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिर्मनस्तथा ॥१३-११२-२५॥

annam aśnanti ye devāḥ śarīrasthā nareśvara। pṛthivī vāyuḥ ākāśam āpaḥ jyotis manas tathā ॥13-112-25॥

[अन्नम् (annam) (annam) - food; अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) (aśnanti) - eat; ये (ye) (ye) - who; देवाः (devāḥ) (devāḥ) - deities; शरीरस्था (śarīrasthā) (śarīrasthā) - situated in the body; नरेश्वर (nareśvara) (nareśvara) - O lord of men; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) (pṛthivī) - earth; वायुः (vāyuḥ) (vāyuḥ) - air; आकाशम् (ākāśam) (ākāśam) - space; आपः (āpaḥ) (āpaḥ) - waters; ज्योतिः (jyotis) (jyotis) - light; मनः (manas) (manas) - mind; तथा (tathā) (tathā) - also;]

(Food eat who deities situated in the body, O lord of men. Earth, air, space, waters, light, mind also.)

O lord of men, the deities who reside in the body—earth, air, space, water, light, and mind—eat the food as well. (13-112-25)

ततस्तृप्तेषु राजेन्द्र तेषु भूतेषु पञ्चसु। मनःषष्ठेषु शुद्धात्मन्रेतः सम्पद्यते महत् ॥१३-११२-२६॥

tatas tṛpteṣu rājendra teṣu bhūteṣu pañcasu. manaḥṣaṣṭheṣu śuddhātman retaḥ sampadyate mahat ॥13-112-26॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; तृप्तेषु (tṛpteṣu) - when satisfied; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O chief of kings; तेषु (teṣu) - in those; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - elements; पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - five; मनःषष्ठेषु (manaḥ-ṣaṣṭheṣu) - with mind as the sixth (with the five elements and mind); शुद्धात्मन् (śuddhātman) - having a purified self; रेतः (retaḥ) - semen (seed); सम्पद्यते (sampadyate) - is produced; महत् (mahat) - great;]

(Then, when (the five) elements are satisfied, O chief of kings, in those five elements, with mind as the sixth, in the one whose self is pure, great semen is produced.)

Then, O chief of kings, when the five elements are satisfied, in one whose self is purified, the great seed (semen) arises among the five elements and mind as the sixth. (13-112-26)

ततो गर्भः सम्भवति स्त्रीपुंसोः पार्थ सङ्गमे। एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-११२-२७॥

tato garbhaḥ sambhavati strīpuṃsoḥ pārtha saṅgame। etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi ॥13-112-27॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; from that; गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - embryo; fetus; सम्भवति (sambhavati) - arises; becomes; is produced; स्त्रीपुंसोः (strīpuṃsoḥ) - of woman and man; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Partha; सङ्गमे (saṅgame) - in union; in the conjunction; एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; related; किम् (kim) - what; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further; again; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire; you wish;]

(Then, embryo is produced of woman and man, O Partha, in union. This to you all has been told; what further to hear do you desire?)

Then, O Partha, upon the union of woman and man, an embryo arises. All this has been related to you; what more do you wish to hear? (13-112-27)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Yudhishthira said;)

Yudhishthira said.

आख्यातमेतद्भवता गर्भः सञ्जायते यथा। यथा जातस्तु पुरुषः प्रपद्यति तदुच्यताम् ॥१३-११२-२८॥

ākhyātam etad bhavatā garbhaḥ sañjāyate yathā। yathā jātastu puruṣaḥ prapadyati tad ucyatām ॥13-112-28॥

[आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; एतद् (etad) - this; भवता (bhavatā) - by you; गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - embryo; सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - arises; यथा (yathā) - as; यथा (yathā) - as; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; तु (tu) - however; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; प्रपद्यति (prapadyati) - enters upon; तद् (tad) - that; उच्यताम् (ucyatām) - may be told;]

(Told this by you, the embryo arises as; as when born, however, the person enters upon, that may be told.)

You have explained how the embryo arises; now tell how, when a person is born, he enters (into the world or into life). (13-112-28)

बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥

bṛhaspatiruvāca॥

[बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati) - Bṛhaspati; (the preceptor of the gods); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bṛhaspati said;)

Bṛhaspati said.

आसन्नमात्रः सततं तैर्भूतैरभिभूयते। विप्रमुक्तश्च तैर्भूतैः पुनर्यात्यपरां गतिम् ॥ स तु भूतसमायुक्तः प्राप्नुते जीव एव ह ॥१३-११२-२९॥

āsannamātraḥ satataṃ tair bhūtair abhibhūyate। vipramuktaś ca tair bhūtaiḥ punar yāty aparāṃ gatim॥ sa tu bhūtasamāyuktaḥ prāpnute jīva eva ha॥13-112-29॥

[आसन्नमात्रः (āsannamātraḥ) - having merely approached; सततम् (satatam) - constantly; तैः (taiḥ) - by those; भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - elements; अभिभूयते (abhibhūyate) - is overpowered; विप्रमुक्तः (vipramuktaḥ) - thoroughly released; च (ca) - and; तैः (taiḥ) - by those; भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - elements; पुनः (punar) - again; याति (yāti) - goes; अपराम् (aparām) - other; गतिम् (gatim) - course; सः (saḥ) - he; तु (tu) - but; भूतसमायुक्तः (bhūtasamāyuktaḥ) - joined with the elements; प्राप्नुते (prāpnute) - attains; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the jīva; एव (eva) - indeed; ह (ha) - verily; १३-११२-२९ (13-112-29) - (13-112-29);]

(Having merely approached, one is constantly overpowered by those elements. Thoroughly released, and by those elements again, one goes to another course. But he, joined with the elements, attains as the jīva indeed verily. (13-112-29))

He who has merely approached is always overpowered by those elements; but when thoroughly released from them, he again goes to another state. But he, united with the elements, indeed attains only the state of the jīva. (13-112-29)

ततोऽस्य कर्म पश्यन्ति शुभं वा यदि वाशुभम्। देवताः पञ्चभूतस्थाः किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-११२-३०॥

tato'sya karma paśyanti śubhaṃ vā yadi vāśubham। devatāḥ pañcabhūtasthāḥ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi ॥13-112-30॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; after that; अस्य (asya) - his; of him; कर्म (karma) - action; act; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; they see; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; good; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अशुभम् (aśubham) - inauspicious; bad; देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities; gods; पञ्चभूतस्थाः (pañcabhūtasthāḥ) - residing in the five elements; किम् (kim) - what; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further; more; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire; you wish;]

(Then his action, auspicious or if inauspicious, the deities residing in the five elements see; what more do you desire to hear?)

Then the deities residing in the five elements see his actions, whether auspicious or inauspicious; what more do you desire to hear? (13-112-30)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhisthira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Yudhisthira said;)

Yudhisthira said.

त्वगस्थिमांसमुत्सृज्य तैश्च भूतैर्विवर्जितः। जीवः स भगवन्क्वस्थः सुखदुःखे समश्नुते ॥१३-११२-३१॥

tvag-asthi-māṁsa-m-utsṛjya taiś-ca bhūtaiḥ vivarjitaḥ । jīvaḥ sa bhagavan-kva-sthaḥ sukha-duḥkhe samaśnute ॥13-112-31॥

[त्वक् (tvak) (tvak) - skin; अस्थि (asthi) (asthi) - bone; मांसम् (māṁsam) (māṁsam) - flesh; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; तैः (taiḥ) (taiḥ) - by those; च (ca) (ca) - and; भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) (bhūtaiḥ) - elements; विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) (vivarjitaḥ) - deprived; separated; जीवः (jīvaḥ) (jīvaḥ) - the living being; स (sa) (sa) - he; भगवन् (bhagavan) (bhagavan) - O Lord; क्वस्थः (kva-sthaḥ) (kva-sthaḥ) - where-abiding; being where; सुखदुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) (sukha-duḥkhe) - in pleasure and pain; समश्नुते (samaśnute) (samaśnute) - he equally attains;]

(Having abandoned skin, bone, and flesh, and deprived by those elements, where does that living being, O Lord, abide, and how does he equally attain pleasure and pain?)

O Lord, having abandoned the skin, bones, and flesh and thus separated from those elements, where does that living being reside, and how does he experience pleasure and pain equally? (13-112-31)

बृहस्पतिरुवाच॥

bṛhaspatir uvāca॥

[बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati; (the name of a sage, often considered as the guru of the gods); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bṛhaspati said;)

Bṛhaspati said.

जीवो धर्मसमायुक्तः शीघ्रं रेतस्त्वमागतः। स्त्रीणां पुष्पं समासाद्य सूते कालेन भारत ॥१३-११२-३२॥

jīvo dharmasamāyuktaḥ śīghraṃ retastvamāgataḥ। strīṇāṃ puṣpaṃ samāsādya sūte kālena bhārata॥13-112-32॥

[जीवः (jīvaḥ) - living being; soul; धर्मसमायुक्तः (dharmasamāyuktaḥ) - endowed with dharma; possessing virtue; शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly; रेतः त्वम् आगतः (retaḥ tvam āgataḥ) - (having) come to the state of seed; having arrived at semen-form; स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women; पुष्पम् (puṣpam) - flower; (biological sign of fertility); समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having attained; having reached; सूते (sūte) - gives birth; कालेन (kālena) - in due time; by time; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; O descendant of Bharata;]

(The living being, endowed with dharma, quickly, having arrived at the state of seed, having attained the flower of women, gives birth by time, O Bhārata.)

O Bhārata, the living being, endowed with dharma, quickly comes to the form of seed; on attaining the fertility (flower) of women, gives birth in due time. (13-112-32)

यमस्य पुरुषैः क्लेशं यमस्य पुरुषैर्वधम्। दुःखं संसारचक्रं च नरः क्लेशं च विन्दति ॥१३-११२-३३॥

yamasya puruṣaiḥ kleśaṃ yamasya puruṣair vadham। duḥkhaṃ saṃsāracakraṃ ca naraḥ kleśaṃ ca vindati॥13-112-33॥

[यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by the men; क्लेशं (kleśam) - pain; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by the men; वधम् (vadham) - death; दुःखं (duḥkham) - suffering; संसारचक्रं (saṃsāracakram) - the wheel of transmigration; च (ca) - and; नरः (naraḥ) - the man; क्लेशं (kleśam) - pain; च (ca) - and; विन्दति (vindati) - obtains;]

(By the men of Yama, pain; by the men of Yama, death; suffering, and the wheel of transmigration also, the man pain and obtains.)

The man suffers pain and death at the hands of Yama's servants, and experiences suffering and the cycle of worldly existence. (13-112-33)

इहलोके च स प्राणी जन्मप्रभृति पार्थिव। स्वकृतं कर्म वै भुङ्क्ते धर्मस्य फलमाश्रितः ॥१३-११२-३४॥

ihaloke ca sa prāṇī janmaprabhṛti pārthiva। svakṛtaṃ karma vai bhuṅkte dharmasya phalam āśritaḥ ॥13-112-34॥

[इहलोके (ihaloke) - in this world; च (ca) - and; स (sa) - he; प्राणी (prāṇī) - living being; जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth onward; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King; स्वकृतं (svakṛtaṃ) - his own (self-done); कर्म (karma) - deed; वै (vai) - indeed; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys (experiences); धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted (being dependent);]

(In this world and he living being from birth onward, O King, his own deed indeed enjoys - of righteousness fruit having resorted.)

O King, in this world, every living being from birth onward indeed experiences the results (fruits) of his own actions, being dependent on the fruit of righteousness. (13-112-34)

यदि धर्मं यथाशक्ति जन्मप्रभृति सेवते। ततः स पुरुषो भूत्वा सेवते नित्यदा सुखम् ॥१३-११२-३५॥

yadi dharmaṃ yathāśakti janmaprabhṛti sevate. tataḥ sa puruṣo bhūtvā sevate nityadā sukham ॥13-112-35॥

[यदि (yadi) - if; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to ability; जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth onwards; सेवते (sevate) - serves; ततः (tataḥ) - then; स (sa) - he; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; सेवते (sevate) - enjoys; नित्यदा (nityadā) - always; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]

(If duty according to ability from birth onwards he serves, then he, having become a man, always enjoys happiness.)

If a person serves duty to the best of his ability from birth onwards, then having become a true man, he always enjoys happiness. (13-112-35)

अथान्तरा तु धर्मस्य अधर्ममुपसेवते। सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं स जीवोऽप्यधिगच्छति ॥१३-११२-३६॥

athāntarā tu dharmasya adharmam upasevate। sukhasyānantaraṃ duḥkhaṃ sa jīvo'py adhigacchati॥13-112-36॥

[अथ (atha) - now; then; अन्तरा (antarā) - in between; during; तु (tu) - but; however; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness; of dharma; अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness; adharma; उपसेवते (upasevate) - engages in; attends to; सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness; of pleasure; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - after; immediately following; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; pain; सः (saḥ) - he; that (person/being); जीवः (jīvaḥ) - living being; soul; अपि (api) - also; even; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains; reaches;]

(Now in between, however, of righteousness, unrighteousness he engages in. Of happiness, after, suffering, he, the living being, also attains.)

Now, in the midst of righteousness, if one engages in unrighteousness, after happiness that living being also attains suffering. (13-112-36)

अधर्मेण समायुक्तो यमस्य विषयं गतः। महद्दुःखं समासाद्य तिर्यग्योनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-३७॥

adharmeṇa samāyukto yamasya viṣayaṃ gataḥ। mahadduḥkhaṃ samāsādya tiryagyonau prajāyate॥13-112-37॥

[अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness; समायुक्तः (samāyuktaḥ) - joined; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषयं (viṣayam) - domain; गतः (gataḥ) - having gone; महद् (mahat) - great; दुःखं (duḥkham) - suffering; समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having obtained; तिर्यग्योनौ (tiryagyonau) - in the womb of animals; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Joined by unrighteousness, having gone to the domain of Yama, having obtained great suffering, in the womb of animals is born.)

One joined with unrighteousness, having reached the domain of Yama and experienced great suffering, is born in the womb of animals. (13-112-37)

कर्मणा येन येनेह यस्यां योनौ प्रजायते। जीवो मोहसमायुक्तस्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१३-११२-३८॥

karmaṇā yena yeneha yasyāṃ yonau prajāyate। jīvo mohasamāyuktas tanme nigatataḥ śṛṇu ॥13-112-38॥

[कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; येन (yena) - by which; येन (yena) - by which; इह (iha) - here; यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which; योनौ (yonau) - in womb; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the living being; मोहसमायुक्तः (mohasamāyuktaḥ) - endowed with delusion; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; निगदतः (nigatataḥ) - being described; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]

(By action, by which, by which, here, in which, in womb, is born, the living being, endowed with delusion, that, to me, being described, listen.)

Listen as I describe to you that by which action, here, the living being endowed with delusion is born in whatever womb. (13-112-38)

यदेतदुच्यते शास्त्रे सेतिहासे सच्छन्दसि। यमस्य विषयं घोरं मर्त्यो लोकः प्रपद्यते ॥१३-११२-३९॥

yadetad ucyate śāstre setihāse sacchandasi। yamasya viṣayaṃ ghoraṃ martyo lokaḥ prapadyate॥ 13-112-39॥

[यत् (yat) - which; एतत् (etat) - this; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; शास्त्रे (śāstre) - in the śāstra; स (sa) - with; इतिहासे (itihāse) - in the itihāsa; स (sa) - with; छन्दसि (chandasi) - in the Vedic meter; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain; घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible; मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains;]

(Which this is said in the śāstra, with itihāsa, with chandas, the terrible domain of Yama, the mortal attains the world.)

That which is spoken in the śāstra, itihāsa, and chandas, a mortal attains the terrible domain of Yama—the world of the dead. (13-112-39)

अधीत्य चतुरो वेदान्द्विजो मोहसमन्वितः। पतितात्प्रतिगृह्याथ खरयोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-४०॥

adhītya caturō vēdāndvijō mōhasamanvitaḥ। patitātpratigṛhyātha kharayōnau prajāyatē ॥13-112-40॥

[अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied; चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four; वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born (Brahmin); मोहसमन्वितः (mōhasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with delusion; पतितात् (patitāt) - from a fallen (person); प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted; अथ (atha) - then; खरयोनौ (kharayōnau) - in the womb of a donkey; प्रजायते (prajāyatē) - is born;]

(Having studied the four Vedas, the twice-born (Brahmin) endowed with delusion, having accepted (a gift) from a fallen (person), then is born in the womb of a donkey.)

If a Brahmin, after studying the four Vedas, acts under delusion and accepts gifts from a fallen person, he is reborn in the form of a donkey. (13-112-40)

खरो जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत। खरो मृतो बलीवर्दः सप्त वर्षाणि जीवति ॥१३-११२-४१॥

kharo jīvati varṣāṇi daśa pañca ca bhārata। kharo mṛto balīvardaḥ sapta varṣāṇi jīvati ॥13-112-41॥

[खरः (kharaḥ) - donkey; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; दश (daśa) - ten; पञ्च (pañca) - five; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; खरः (kharaḥ) - donkey; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; बलीवर्दः (balīvardaḥ) - bullock; सप्त (sapta) - seven; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; जीवति (jīvati) - lives;]

(Donkey lives years ten five and, O Bhārata. Donkey dead, bullock seven years lives.)

O Bhārata, a donkey lives fifteen years; when the donkey dies, the bullock lives for seven years. (13-112-41)

बलीवर्दो मृतश्चापि जायते ब्रह्मराक्षसः। ब्रह्मरक्षस्तु त्रीन्मासांस्ततो जायति ब्राह्मणः ॥१३-११२-४२॥

balīvardo mṛtaś cāpi jāyate brahmarākṣasaḥ। brahmarakṣas tu trīn māsāṃs tato jāyati brāhmaṇaḥ॥13-112-42॥

[बलीवर्दः (balīvardaḥ) - bullock; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; जायते (jāyate) - is born; ब्रह्मराक्षसः (brahmarākṣasaḥ) - brahmarakshasa (a type of demon); ब्रह्मरक्षः (brahmarakṣaḥ) - brahmaraksha (brahmarakshasa demon); तु (tu) - but; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; मासान् (māsān) - months; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; जायति (jāyati) - is born; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa;]

(Bullock dead and also is born as brahmarakshasa; brahmaraksha but three months thereafter is born as brāhmaṇa.)

A bullock, even after death, is born as a brahmarakshasa; but the brahmarakshasa, after three months, is then born as a brāhmaṇa. (13-112-42)

पतितं याजयित्वा तु कृमियोनौ प्रजायते। तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत ॥१३-११२-४३॥

patitaṃ yājayitvā tu kṛmiyonau prajāyate. tatra jīvati varṣāṇi daśa pañca ca bhārata ॥13-112-43॥

[पतितं (patitam) - fallen; याजयित्वा (yājayitvā) - causing to be sacrificed; तु (tu) - but; कृमि-योनि-औ (kṛmi-yonau) - in the womb of a worm; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; तत्र (tatra) - there; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; दश (daśa) - ten; पञ्च (pañca) - five; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]

(Having caused the fallen one to be sacrificed, but (he) is born in the womb of a worm. There (he) lives for years ten and five, O Bhārata.)

But after causing the fallen person to be sacrificed, he is born in the womb of a worm and there he lives for fifteen years, O Bhārata. (13-112-43)

कृमिभावात्प्रमुक्तस्तु ततो जायति गर्दभः। गर्दभः पञ्च वर्षाणि पञ्च वर्षाणि सूकरः ॥ श्वा वर्षमेकं भवति ततो जायति मानवः ॥१३-११२-४४॥

kṛmibhāvāt pramuktas tu tato jāyati gardabhaḥ। gardabhaḥ pañca varṣāṇi pañca varṣāṇi sūkaraḥ ॥ śvā varṣam ekaṃ bhavati tato jāyati mānavaḥ ॥13-112-44॥

[कृमिभावात् (kṛmibhāvāt) - from the condition of being a worm; प्रमुक्तः (pramuktaḥ) - having been released; तु (tu) - but; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; गर्दभः (gardabhaḥ) - a donkey; गर्दभः (gardabhaḥ) - the donkey; पञ्च (pañca) - five; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; पञ्च (pañca) - five; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - a pig; श्वा (śvā) - a dog; वर्षम् (varṣam) - one year; एकम् (ekaṃ) - one; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being;]

(From the condition of being a worm, having been released but then is born a donkey. (The) donkey five years (and again for) five years a pig. (A) dog becomes one year, then is born a human being. (13-112-44))

After being released from the state of a worm, one is then born as a donkey. The donkey lives five years, then for five years as a pig, then as a dog for one year, and thereafter is born as a human being. (13-112-44)

उपाध्यायस्य यः पापं शिष्यः कुर्यादबुद्धिमान्। स जीव इह संसारांस्त्रीनाप्नोति न संशयः ॥१३-११२-४५॥

upādhyāyasya yaḥ pāpaṃ śiṣyaḥ kuryād abuddhimān। sa jīva iha saṃsārān trīn āpnoti na saṃśayaḥ॥13-112-45॥

[उपाध्यायस्य (upādhyāyasya) - of the teacher; यः (yaḥ) - who; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - may do; अबुद्धिमान् (abuddhimān) - unintelligent; स (sa) - he; जीव (jīva) - soul; इह (iha) - here; संसारान् (saṃsārān) - cycles of existence; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]

(Of the teacher who sin disciple may do unintelligent; he soul here cycles of existence three attains, not doubt.)

The unintelligent disciple who commits a sin against the teacher—he, indeed, here attains three cycles of existence; there is no doubt about this. (13-112-45)

प्राक्ष्वा भवति राजेन्द्र ततः क्रव्यात्ततः खरः। ततः प्रेतः परिक्लिष्टः पश्चाज्जायति ब्राह्मणः ॥१३-११२-४६॥

prākṣvā bhavati rājendra tataḥ kravyāttataḥ kharaḥ। tataḥ pretaḥ parikliṣṭaḥ paścājjāyati brāhmaṇaḥ॥13-112-46॥

[प्राक्ष्वा (prākṣvā) - one who ate flesh; before (in previous birth); भवति (bhavati) - is; becomes; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings; ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereafter; क्रव्यात् (kravyāt) - eater of raw flesh; ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereafter; खरः (kharaḥ) - an ass; donkey; ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereafter; प्रेतः (pretaḥ) - spirit; dead being; परिक्लिष्टः (parikliṣṭaḥ) - tormented; afflicted; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; जायति (jāyati) - is born; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; ॥१३-११२-४६॥ (॥13-112-46॥) - ;]

(One who was a flesh-eater before becomes, O king, then an eater of raw flesh, then an ass, then a tormented spirit, afterwards is born a brāhmaṇa.)

O king, one who formerly ate flesh then becomes an eater of raw flesh, then an ass, later a tormented spirit, and only afterwards is born as a brāhmaṇa. (13-112-46)

मनसापि गुरोर्भार्यां यः शिष्यो याति पापकृत्। सोऽधमान्याति संसारानधर्मेणेह चेतसा ॥१३-११२-४७॥

manasāpi gurorbhāryāṃ yaḥ śiṣyo yāti pāpakṛt। so'dhamānyāti saṃsārānadharmeṇeha cetasā ॥13-112-47॥

[मनसा अपि (manasā api) - even by mind; गुरोः भार्यां (guror bhāryām) - teacher's wife; यः शिष्यः (yaḥ śiṣyaḥ) - who (the) student; याति (yāti) - approaches; पापकृत् (pāpakṛt) - doer of evil; सः अधमाने याति (saḥ adhamān yāti) - he goes to the lowest ones; संसारान् (saṃsārān) - cycles of existence; अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness; इह (iha) - here; चेतसा (cetasā) - with mind;]

(Even by mind, (the) student who approaches (the) teacher's wife, evil-doer, he goes to the lowest cycles of existence by unrighteousness here, with (his) mind.)

Even if a student only approaches his teacher’s wife in his mind, committing evil, he falls to the lowest cycles of existence due to unrighteousness of mind here. (13-112-47)

श्वयोनौ तु स सम्भूतस्त्रीणि वर्षाणि जीवति। तत्रापि निधनं प्राप्तः कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-४८॥

śvayonau tu sa sambhūtas trīṇi varṣāṇi jīvati। tatrāpi nidhanaṃ prāptaḥ krimiyonau prajāyate ॥13-112-48॥

[श्वयोनौ (śvayonau) - in the dog womb; तु (tu) - but; स (sa) - he; सम्भूतः (sambhūtaḥ) - having been born; त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; तत्र (tatra) - there; अपि (api) - also; निधनं (nidhanaṃ) - death; प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained; कृमियोनौ (krimiyonau) - in the worm womb; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(In the dog womb but he having been born three years lives. There also death having attained in the worm womb is born.)

But having been born in the dog womb, he lives for three years. There too, upon reaching death, he is born in the worm womb. (13-112-48)

कृमिभावमनुप्राप्तो वर्षमेकं स जीवति। ततस्तु निधनं प्राप्य ब्रह्मयोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-४९॥

kṛmibhāvam anuprāpto varṣam ekaṁ sa jīvati। tatas tu nidhanaṁ prāpya brahmayonau prajāyate ॥13-112-49॥

[कृमिभावम् (kṛmibhāvam) - the state of a worm; अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - having obtained; वर्षम् (varṣam) - a year; एकम् (ekam) - one; स (sa) - he; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तु (tu) - but; निधनम् (nidhanaṁ) - death; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; ब्रह्मयोनौ (brahmayonau) - in the womb of Brahmā (or in a divine womb); प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Having obtained the state of a worm, he lives one year. Then, but having attained death, he is born in the womb of Brahmā.)

Having taken the form of a worm, he lives for one year. Then, after dying, he is born in the womb of Brahmā. (13-112-49)

यदि पुत्रसमं शिष्यं गुरुर्हन्यादकारणे। आत्मनः कामकारेण सोऽपि हंसः प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-५०॥

yadi putrasamaṁ śiṣyaṁ gurur hanyād akāraṇe. ātmanaḥ kāmakāreṇa so'pi haṁsaḥ prajāyate ॥13-112-50॥

[यदि (yadi) - if; पुत्रसमं (putrasamam) - like a son; शिष्यं (śiṣyam) - disciple; गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher; हन्क्याद् (hanyād) - should kill; अकारणे (akāraṇe) - without reason; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - by himself; कामकारेण (kāmakāreṇa) - by desire, at will; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - a swan; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(If like a son disciple the teacher should kill without reason, by himself by desire he also swan is born.)

If a teacher should kill a disciple who is like his own son without reason, acting out of his own desire, he too is born as a swan. (13-112-50)

पितरं मातरं वापि यस्तु पुत्रोऽवमन्यते। सोऽपि राजन्मृतो जन्तुः पूर्वं जायति गर्दभः ॥१३-११२-५१॥

pitaraṃ mātaraṃ vāpi yastu putro'vamanyate. so'pi rājanmṛto jantuḥ pūrvaṃ jāyati gardabhaḥ ॥13-112-51॥

[पितरम् (pitaraṃ) - father (accusative); मातरम् (mātaraṃ) - mother (accusative); वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; also; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - however; indeed; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises; disregards; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - even; also; राजन् (rājan) - O king; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; being; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; previously; जायति (jāyati) - is born; गर्दभः (gardabhaḥ) - donkey; ass;]

(Father or mother, even, who, however, son despises, he even, O king, dead creature, formerly is born as a donkey.)

O king, whichever son despises either his father or mother, even after death, that creature is first born as a donkey. (13-112-51)

खरो जीवति मासांस्तु दश श्वा च चतुर्दश। बिडालः सप्त मासांस्तु ततो जायति मानवः ॥१३-११२-५२॥

kharo jīvati māsāṃstu daśa śvā ca caturdaśa | biḍālaḥ sapta māsāṃstu tato jāyati mānavaḥ ॥13-112-52॥

[खरः (kharaḥ) - the ass; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; मासान् (māsān) - months (accusative plural); तु (tu) - indeed; दश (daśa) - ten; श्वा (śvā) - the dog; च (ca) - and; चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen; बिडालः (biḍālaḥ) - the cat; सप्त (sapta) - seven; मासान् (māsān) - months; तु (tu) - indeed; ततः (tataḥ) - after that; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a man;]

(The ass indeed lives (in the womb) for ten months; the dog, fourteen; the cat, indeed, (for) seven months; after that, a man is born.)

The ass remains in the womb for ten months, the dog for fourteen, the cat for seven months, and after that a human is born. (13-112-52)

मातापितरमाक्रुश्य सारिकः सम्प्रजायते। ताडयित्वा तु तावेव जायते कच्छपो नृप ॥१३-११२-५३॥

mātāpitaram ākruśya sārikāḥ samprajāyate। tāḍayitvā tu tāv eva jāyate kacchapo nṛpa ॥13-112-53॥

[मातापितरम् (mātāpitaram) - mother and father; (accusative singular compound); आक्रुश्य (ākruśya) - having cried at; having called out to; सारिकः (sārikāḥ) - the sārikā bird (myna); सम्प्रजायते (samprajāyate) - is born; is produced; ताडयित्वा (tāḍayitvā) - having beaten; after beating; तु (tu) - but; तौ एव (tau eva) - those two only; (dual, accusative); जायते (jāyate) - is born; कच्छपः (kacchapaḥ) - the turtle; tortoise; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]

(The sārikā bird is born having cried at (its) mother and father. But the turtle, O king, is born after having beaten those two only.)

O king, the myna bird is born after calling out to its mother and father, but the turtle is born after beating both of them. (13-112-53)

कच्छपो दश वर्षाणि त्रीणि वर्षाणि शल्यकः। व्यालो भूत्वा तु षण्मासांस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-५४॥

kacchapo daśa varṣāṇi trīṇi varṣāṇi śalyakaḥ। vyālo bhūtvā tu ṣaṇmāsāṃstato jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-54॥

[कच्छपः (kacchapaḥ) - tortoise; दश (daśa) - ten; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; शल्यकः (śalyakaḥ) - porcupine; व्यालः (vyālaḥ) - serpent; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; तु (tu) - but; षण्मासान् (ṣaṇmāsān) - six months; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human;]

(Tortoise ten years, three years porcupine, serpent having become but six months, then is born human.)

After being a tortoise for ten years and a porcupine for three years, and then a serpent for six months, one is then born as a human. (13-112-54)

भर्तृपिण्डमुपाश्नन्यो राजद्विष्टानि सेवते। सोऽपि मोहसमापन्नो मृतो जायति वानरः ॥१३-११२-५५॥

bhartṛpiṇḍam upāśnann yaḥ rājadviṣṭāni sevate। saḥ api mohasa-māpannaḥ mṛtaḥ jāyati vānaraḥ ॥13-112-55॥

[भर्तृपिण्डम् (bhartṛpiṇḍam) - funeral cake for master; उपाश्नन् (upāśnann) - eating; यः (yaḥ) - who; राजद्विष्टानि (rājadviṣṭāni) - things hated by the king; सेवते (sevate) - engages with; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; मोहसमापन्नः (mohasamāpannaḥ) - afflicted by delusion; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - having died; जायति (jāyati) - is born; वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey;]

(Funeral cake for master eating who things hated by the king engages with, he also afflicted by delusion having died is born monkey.)

He who, while eating the funeral cake for his master, engages with things hated by the king—he too, being afflicted by delusion, is born as a monkey after death. (13-112-55)

वानरो दश वर्षाणि त्रीणि वर्षाणि मूषकः। श्वा भूत्वा चाथ षण्मासांस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-५६॥

vānarō daśa varṣāṇi trīṇi varṣāṇi mūṣakaḥ। śvā bhūtvā ca atha ṣaṇmāsāṁs tatō jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-56॥

[वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey; दश (daśa) - ten; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; मूषकः (mūṣakaḥ) - mouse; श्वा (śvā) - dog; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; च (ca) - and; अथ (atha) - then; षण्मासान् (ṣaṇmāsān) - six months; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human;]

(Monkey ten years, three years mouse; dog having become and then six months, thereafter is born human.)

A monkey for ten years, a mouse for three years, after becoming a dog and then for six months, thereafter he is born a human. (13-112-56)

न्यासापहर्ता तु नरो यमस्य विषयं गतः। संसाराणां शतं गत्वा कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-५७॥

nyāsāpahartā tu naro yamasya viṣayaṃ gataḥ। saṃsārāṇāṃ śataṃ gatvā kṛmiyonau prajāyate ॥13-112-57॥

[न्यासापहर्ता (nyāsāpahartā) - stealer of sacred trust; तु (tu) - but; नरः (naraḥ) - man; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain; गतः (gataḥ) - gone (having gone); संसाराणाम् (saṃsārāṇām) - of cycles of transmigration; शतम् (śatam) - hundred; गत्वा (gatvā) - having undergone; कृमि-योनौ (kṛmi-yonau) - in the womb of worms; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(The stealer of sacred trust but man of Yama's domain gone, of transmigrations a hundred having undergone, in the womb of worms is born.)

But the man who steals sacred trust, having gone to the domain of Yama and after passing through a hundred cycles of rebirth, is born in the womb of worms. (13-112-57)

तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत। दुष्कृतस्य क्षयं गत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-५८॥

tatra jīvati varṣāṇi daśa pañca ca bhārata। duṣkṛtasya kṣayaṃ gatvā tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ ॥13-112-58॥

[तत्र (tatra) - there; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; दश (daśa) - ten; पञ्च (pañca) - five; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; दुष्कृतस्य (duṣkṛtasya) - of evil deed; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - man;]

(There lives years ten five and O Bhārata. Of evil deed destruction having gone, then is born man.)

There, O Bhārata, one lives for fifteen years; after the destruction of evil deeds, then a human is born. (13-112-58)

असूयको नरश्चापि मृतो जायति शार्ङ्गकः। विश्वासहर्ता तु नरो मीनो जायति दुर्मतिः ॥१३-११२-५९॥

asūyako naraś cāpi mṛto jāyati śārṅgakaḥ। viśvāsahartā tu naro mīno jāyati durmatiḥ ॥13-112-59॥

[असूयकः (asūyakaḥ) - one who is envious; नरः (naraḥ) - man; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - having died; जायति (jāyati) - is born; शार्ङ्गकः (śārṅgakaḥ) - a stork; विश्वासहर्ता (viśvāsahartā) - one who takes away trust; तु (tu) - but; नरः (naraḥ) - man; मीनः (mīnaḥ) - a fish; जायति (jāyati) - is born; दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - of evil understanding;]

(Envious man also, having died, is born as a stork. One who takes away trust, but, man, a fish is born, of evil understanding.)

An envious man, after death, is born as a stork. A man who destroys trust, but of evil intellect, is born as a fish. (13-112-59)

भूत्वा मीनोऽष्ट वर्षाणि मृगो जायति भारत। मृगस्तु चतुरो मासांस्ततश्छागः प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-६०॥

bhūtvā mīno'ṣṭa varṣāṇi mṛgo jāyati bhārata। mṛgas tu caturo māsāṁs tataś chāgaḥ prajāyate॥13-112-60॥

[भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; मीनः (mīnaḥ) - fish; अष्ट (aṣṭa) - eight; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer; जायते (jāyate) - is born; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer; तु (tu) - but; चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four; मासान् (māsān) - months; ततः (tataḥ) - then; छागः (chāgaḥ) - goat; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Having become a fish for eight years, a deer is born, O Bhārata. The deer, but for four months, then a goat is born.)

O Bhārata, after being a fish for eight years, one is born as a deer; but the deer remains for four months, and then a goat is born. (13-112-60)

छागस्तु निधनं प्राप्य पूर्णे संवत्सरे ततः। कीटः सञ्जायते जन्तुस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-६१॥

chāgastu nidhanaṁ prāpya pūrṇe saṁvatsare tataḥ। kīṭaḥ sañjāyate jantustato jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-61॥

[छागः (chāgaḥ) - goat; तु (tu) - but; निधनं (nidhanaṁ) - death; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when complete; संवत्सरे (saṁvatsare) - in a year; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; कीटः (kīṭaḥ) - an insect; सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - is born; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - the creature; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human (being);]

(Goat but death having attained, when complete in a year thereafter, insect is born; the creature then is born human.)

But when a goat attains death, after a year is complete, the being is born as an insect; then, that creature is born as a human. (13-112-61)

धान्यान्यवांस्तिलान्माषान्कुलत्थान्सर्षपांश्चणान्। कलायानथ मुद्गांश्च गोधूमानतसीस्तथा ॥१३-११२-६२॥

dhānyāny avāṃs tilān māṣān kulatthān sarṣapāṃś caṇān। kalāyān atha mudgāṃś ca godhūmāṁ tasasīś tathā ॥13-112-62॥

[धान्यानि (dhānyāni) - grains; अवांस् (avāṃs) - barley; तिलान् (tilān) - sesames; माषान् (māṣān) - black gram; कुलत्थान् (kulatthān) - horse gram; सर्षपान् (sarṣapān) - mustards; चणान् (caṇān) - chickpeas; कलायान् (kalāyān) - pigeon peas; अथ (atha) - and; मुद्गान् (mudgān) - green gram; च (ca) - and; गोधूमान् (godhūmān) - wheats; तसीः (tasīḥ) - linseeds; तथा (tathā) - also;]

(grains barley sesames black gram horse gram mustards chickpeas pigeon peas and green gram and wheats linseeds also)

Grains—barley, sesame, black gram, horse gram, mustard, chickpeas, pigeon peas, green gram, wheat, and also linseed. (13-112-62)

सस्यस्यान्यस्य हर्ता च मोहाज्जन्तुरचेतनः। स जायते महाराज मूषको निरपत्रपः ॥१३-११२-६३॥

sasyasyānyasya hartā ca mohājjanturacetanaḥ। sa jāyate mahārāja mūṣako nirapatrapaḥ॥13-112-63॥

[सस्यस्य (sasyasya) - of grain; अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of another; हर्ता (hartā) - thief; च (ca) - and; मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - unconscious; स (sa) - he; जायते (jāyate) - is born; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; मूषकः (mūṣakaḥ) - mouse; निरपत्रपः (nirapatrapaḥ) - shameless;]

(Of grain of another thief and from delusion creature unconscious he is born O great king mouse shameless.)

O great king, the unconscious creature who, from delusion, is a shameless thief of another's grain, is born as a mouse. (13-112-63)

ततः प्रेत्य महाराज पुनर्जायति सूकरः। सूकरो जातमात्रस्तु रोगेण म्रियते नृप ॥१३-११२-६४॥

tataḥ pretya mahārāja punarjāyati sūkaraḥ। sūkaro jāta-mātras tu rogeṇa mriyate nṛpa ॥13-112-64॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; after that; प्रेत्य (pretya) - having died; after departing; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; पुनः (punar) - again; जायति (jāyati) - is born; सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - a pig; सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - the pig; जातमात्रः (jāta-mātraḥ) - just born; newly born; तु (tu) - but; रोगेण (rogeṇa) - by disease; म्रियते (mriyate) - dies; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]

(Then, having died, O great king, again is born a pig. The pig, just born, but by disease dies, O king.)

Then, O great king, after death he is reborn as a pig; but the pig, immediately after birth, dies of disease, O king. (13-112-64)

श्वा ततो जायते मूढः कर्मणा तेन पार्थिव। श्वा भूत्वा पञ्च वर्षाणि ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-६५॥

śvā tato jāyate mūḍhaḥ karmaṇā tena pārthiva। śvā bhūtvā pañca varṣāṇi tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-65॥

[श्वा (śvā) - dog; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायते (jāyate) - is born; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded one; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by (his) actions; तेन (tena) - by that; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; श्वा (śvā) - (as a) dog; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; पञ्च (pañca) - five; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - (as a) human;]

(Dog then is born, deluded one, by actions by that, O king. Having become a dog for five years, then is born as a human.)

O king, by those actions, the deluded one is born as a dog; having been a dog for five years, then he is born as a human. (13-112-65)

परदाराभिमर्शं तु कृत्वा जायति वै वृकः। श्वा सृगालस्ततो गृध्रो व्यालः कङ्को बकस्तथा ॥१३-११२-६६॥

paradārābhimarśaṁ tu kṛtvā jāyati vai vṛkaḥ। śvā sṛgālasta to gṛdhro vyālaḥ kaṅko bakastathā ॥13-112-66॥

[परदाराभिमर्शं (paradārābhimarśam) - touching another’s wife; तु (tu) - but; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed; जायति (jāyati) - is born; वै (vai) - indeed; वृकः (vṛkaḥ) - a wolf; श्वा (śvā) - a dog; सृगालः (sṛgālaḥ) - a jackal; ततः (tataḥ) - then; गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture; व्यालः (vyālaḥ) - a serpent; कङ्कः (kaṅkaḥ) - an osprey; बकः (bakaḥ) - a crane; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]

(Touching another’s wife but having committed, is born indeed as a wolf; a dog, a jackal, then a vulture, a serpent, an osprey, a crane likewise.)

But whoever has intercourse with another's wife is indeed born as a wolf; then as a dog, a jackal, a vulture, a serpent, an osprey, and likewise as a crane. (13-112-66)

भ्रातुर्भार्यां तु दुर्बुद्धिर्यो धर्षयति मोहितः। पुंस्कोकिलत्वमाप्नोति सोऽपि संवत्सरं नृप ॥१३-११२-६७॥

bhrāturbhāryāṁ tu durbuddhiryo dharṣayati mohitaḥ। puṁs-kokilatvam-āpnoti so'pi saṁvatsaraṁ nṛpa ॥13-112-67॥

[भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother; भार्यां (bhāryām) - wife; तु (tu) - but; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - wicked-minded person; यः (yaḥ) - who; धर्षयति (dharṣayati) - commits violence upon; मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - deluded; पुंस्कोकिलत्वम् (puṁs-kokilatvam) - man-cuckoo state; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he attains; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - one year; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]

(Of the brother wife but wicked-minded person who commits violence upon deluded man-cuckoo state he attains he also one year O king.)

O King, but the wicked-minded person who, deluded, commits violence upon his brother's wife, he also attains the state of a male cuckoo for one year. (13-112-67)

सखिभार्यां गुरोर्भार्यां राजभार्यां तथैव च। प्रधर्षयित्वा कामाद्यो मृतो जायति सूकरः ॥१३-११२-६८॥

sakhibhāryāṁ gurorbhāryāṁ rājabāhryāṁ tathaiva ca। pradharṣayitvā kāmād yaḥ mṛtaḥ jāyati sūkaraḥ ॥13-112-68॥

[सखिभार्यां (sakhibhāryām) - friend's wife; गुरोर्भार्यां (gurorbhāryām) - teacher's wife; राजभार्यां (rājabhāryām) - king's wife; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; प्रधर्षयित्वा (pradharṣayitvā) - having violated; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; यः (yaḥ) - who; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; जायति (jāyati) - is born; सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - as a pig;]

(Friend's wife, teacher's wife, king's wife, likewise and; having violated from desire, who dead is born as a pig.)

Whoever, having violated out of desire a friend's wife, teacher's wife, or king's wife, likewise—even after death, is born as a pig. (13-112-68)

सूकरः पञ्च वर्षाणि पञ्च वर्षाणि श्वाविधः। पिपीलकस्तु षण्मासान्कीटः स्यान्मासमेव च ॥ एतानासाद्य संसारान्कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-६९॥

sūkaraḥ pañca varṣāṇi pañca varṣāṇi śvāvidhaḥ। pipīlakas tu ṣaṇmāsān kīṭaḥ syān māsam eva ca॥ etān āsādya saṁsārān kṛmiyonau prajāyate॥13-112-69॥

[सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - boar; पञ्च (pañca) - five; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; पञ्च (pañca) - five; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; श्वाविधः (śvāvidhaḥ) - jackal; पिपीलकः (pipīlakaḥ) - ant; तु (tu) - but; षण्मासान् (ṣaṇmāsān) - six months; कीटः (kīṭaḥ) - insect; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; मासम् (māsam) - a month; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and; एतान् (etān) - these; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having attained; संसारान् (saṁsārān) - cycles of existence; कृमि-योनि (kṛmiyoni) - worm-birth; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Boar five years, five years jackal, ant but six months, insect may be a month only and; these having attained cycles of existence, in the worm-birth is born.)

A boar lives for five years, a jackal also for five years; an ant lives for six months, and an insect for only a month. After experiencing these cycles of existence, one is born in the womb of worms. (13-112-69)

तत्र जीवति मासांस्तु कृमियोनौ त्रयोदश। ततोऽधर्मक्षयं कृत्वा पुनर्जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-७०॥

tatra jīvati māsāṃstu kṛmiyonau trayodaśa. tato'dharmakṣayaṃ kṛtvā punarjāyati mānuṣaḥ ॥13-112-70॥

[तत्र (tatra) - there; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; मासान् (māsān) - months (accusative plural); तु (tu) - indeed; कृमि-योनि (kṛmi-yoni) - worm womb (state of being a worm); त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; अधर्म-क्षयं (adharma-kṣayam) - destruction of unrighteousness; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed; पुनः (punar) - again; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human being;]

(There lives (he) months indeed in the worm womb thirteen; thereafter, destruction of unrighteousness having accomplished, again is born a human being.)

There, he lives for thirteen months in the womb of a worm; thereafter, having destroyed unrighteousness, he is born again as a human being. (13-112-70)

उपस्थिते विवाहे तु दाने यज्ञेऽपि वाभिभो। मोहात्करोति यो विघ्नं स मृतो जायते कृमिः ॥१३-११२-७१॥

upasthite vivāhe tu dāne yajñe'pi vābhibho। mohāt karoti yo vighnaṃ sa mṛto jāyate kṛmiḥ ॥13-112-71॥

[उपस्थिते (upasthite) - when present; attending; विवाहे (vivāhe) - at a marriage; in a wedding; तु (tu) - but; दाने (dāne) - at a gift; in giving; यज्ञेऽपि (yajñe'pi) - in a sacrifice also; वा (vā) - or; अभिभो (abhibho) - O mighty one; मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion; करोति (karoti) - does; यः (yaḥ) - who; विघ्नम् (vighnam) - obstacle; hindrance; सः (saḥ) - he; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; जायते (jāyate) - is born; कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) - as a worm;]

(When present at a marriage but, in a gift, or in a sacrifice also, O mighty one, out of delusion does who obstacle, he dead is born as a worm.)

O mighty one, if someone, out of delusion, creates an obstacle at a marriage, a gift, or even a sacrifice while present there, he, after death, is born as a worm. (13-112-71)

कृमिर्जीवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत। अधर्मस्य क्षयं कृत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-७२॥

kṛmirjīvati varṣāṇi daśa pañca ca bhārata। adharmasya kṣayaṃ kṛtvā tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ ॥13-112-72॥

[कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) - worm; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; दश (daśa) - ten; पञ्च (pañca) - five; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अधर्मस्य (adharmasya) - of unrighteousness; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human;]

(The worm lives years ten five and O Bhārata; of unrighteousness destruction having done thereafter is born a human.)

O Bhārata, a worm lives for fifteen years; having destroyed unrighteousness, thereafter it is born as a human. (13-112-72)

पूर्वं दत्त्वा तु यः कन्यां द्वितीये सम्प्रयच्छति। सोऽपि राजन्मृतो जन्तुः कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-७३॥

pūrvaṃ dattvā tu yaḥ kanyāṃ dvitīye samprayacchati। so'pi rājanmṛto jantuḥ krimiyonau prajāyate ॥13-112-73॥

[पूर्वं (pūrvaṃ) - previously; before; earlier; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; कन्यां (kanyāṃ) - maiden; daughter; द्वितीये (dvitīye) - to a second (man); सम्प्रयच्छति (samprayacchati) - gives in marriage; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; even; राजन् (rājan) - O king; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - having died; dead; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; being; कृमि-योनौ (krimi-yonau) - in the womb (birth) of a worm; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; is produced;]

(Having previously given a maiden, but who gives (her) to a second (man), he also, O king, having died, the creature is born in the womb of a worm.)

O king, he who, after giving away a maiden once, gives her again to a second (man), such a man, even after death, is reborn as a creature in the womb of a worm. (13-112-73)

तत्र जीवति वर्षाणि त्रयोदश युधिष्ठिर। अधर्मसङ्क्षये युक्तस्ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-७४॥

tatra jīvati varṣāṇi trayodaśa yudhiṣṭhira। adharma-saṅkṣaye yuktaḥ tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ ॥13-112-74॥

[तत्र (tatra) - there; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; अधर्मसङ्क्षये (adharma-saṅkṣaye) - at the destruction of adharma; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human being;]

(There lives years thirteen, Yudhiṣṭhira. At the destruction of adharma, engaged, then is born a human being.)

There, Yudhiṣṭhira, he lives for thirteen years. When adharma is destroyed—being thus engaged—then a human being is born. (13-112-74)

देवकार्यमुपाकृत्य पितृकार्यमथापि च। अनिर्वाप्य समश्नन्वै ततो जायति वायसः ॥१३-११२-७५॥

devakāryam upākṛtya pitṛkāryam athāpi ca। anirvāpya samaśnan vai tato jāyati vāyasaḥ॥13-112-75॥

[देवकार्यम् (devakāryam) - the work/ritual for the gods; उपाकृत्य (upākṛtya) - having performed; पितृकार्यम् (pitṛkāryam) - the work/ritual for the ancestors; अथ (atha) - then; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; अनिर्वाप्य (anirvāpya) - without offering (the oblation into fire); समश्नन् (samaśnan) - eating together (with the ancestors' share not being given); वै (vai) - indeed; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; जायति (jāyati) - is born; वायसः (vāyasaḥ) - a crow;]

(Having performed the work for the gods and also for the ancestors, then, without offering (the oblation), indeed eating together—from that, is born a crow.)

If, after performing the rites for the gods and then the ancestors, one eats without making the proper offering, it is from this that a person is born as a crow. (13-112-75)

वायसो दश वर्षाणि ततो जायति कुक्कुटः। जायते लवकश्चापि मासं तस्मात्तु मानुषः ॥१३-११२-७६॥

vāyaso daśa varṣāṇi tato jāyati kukkuṭaḥ। jāyate lavakaś cāpi māsaṃ tasmāt tu mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-76॥

[वायसः (vāyasaḥ) - crow; दश (daśa) - ten; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; ततः (tataḥ) - after that; जायति (jāyati) - is born; कुक्कुटः (kukkuṭaḥ) - cock; जायते (jāyate) - is born; लवकः (lavakaḥ) - sparrow; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; मासं (māsaṃ) - month; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - after that; तु (tu) - but; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human being;]

(The crow ten years; after that is born cock; is born sparrow and also; month after that but human being.)

A crow lives for ten years, after that a cock is born; a sparrow is also born, and after a month, but a human being is born. (13-112-76)

ज्येष्ठं पितृसमं चापि भ्रातरं योऽवमन्यते। सोऽपि मृत्युमुपागम्य क्रौञ्चयोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-७७॥

jyeṣṭhaṃ pitṛ-samaṃ cāpi bhrātaraṃ yo'vamanyate। so'pi mṛtyum upāgamya krauñcayonau prajāyate ॥13-112-77॥

[ज्येष्ठं (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest; पितृसमं (pitṛ-samam) - equal to father; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; भ्रातरं (bhrātaram) - brother; यः (yaḥ) - who; अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death; उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having attained; क्रौञ्चयोनौ (krauñca-yonau) - in the womb of a crane; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(The brother who despises the eldest, who is equal to a father, he also, having attained death, is born in the womb of a crane.)

Whoever despises the eldest brother, who is like a father, he too, after death, is born as a crane. (13-112-77)

क्रौञ्चो जीवति मासांस्तु दश द्वौ सप्त पञ्च च। ततो निधनमापन्नो मानुषत्वमुपाश्नुते ॥१३-११२-७८॥

krauñco jīvati māsāṃs tu daśa dvau sapta pañca ca. tato nidhanam āpanno mānuṣatvam upāśnute॥13-112-78॥

[क्रौञ्चः (krauñcaḥ) - the krauñca (a type of bird, Demoiselle Crane); जीवति (jīvati) - lives; मासान् (māsān) - months (accusative plural); तु (tu) - but; दश (daśa) - ten; द्वौ (dvau) - two; सप्त (sapta) - seven; पञ्च (pañca) - five; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; निधनम् (nidhanam) - death; आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained; मानुषत्वम् (mānuṣatvam) - human-hood; humanity; उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - he attains; he obtains;]

(The krauñca lives months but ten, two, seven, five and; thereafter, having attained death, he obtains humanity.)

The krauñca bird lives for ten, two, seven, and five months; thereafter, having died, it attains human birth. (13-112-78)

वृषलो ब्राह्मणीं गत्वा कृमiyoनौ प्रजायते। तत्रापत्यं समुत्पाद्य ततो जायति मूषकः ॥१३-११२-७९॥

vṛṣalo brāhmaṇīṃ gatvā kṛmiyo nau prajāyate। tatrāpatyaṃ samutpādya tato jāyati mūṣakaḥ ॥13-112-79॥

[वृषलः (vṛṣalaḥ) - śūdra; ब्राह्मणीं (brāhmaṇīṃ) - brāhmaṇa woman; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; कृमि-योनि (kṛmi-yoni) - worm womb; उ (u) - in; (sandhi element with nau→in) ; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; तत्र (tatra) - there; अपत्यं (apatyaṃ) - offspring; समुत्पाद्य (samutpādya) - having produced; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मूषकः (mūṣakaḥ) - mouse;]

(A śūdra, having gone to a brāhmaṇa woman, is born in a worm womb; there, having produced offspring, then a mouse is born.)

When a śūdra approaches a brāhmaṇa woman, he is reborn as a worm; having produced offspring there, then he is born as a mouse. (13-112-79)

कृतघ्नस्तु मृतो राजन्यमस्य विषयं गतः। यमस्य विषये क्रुद्धैर्वधं प्राप्नोति दारुणम् ॥१३-११२-८०॥

kṛtaghnas tu mṛto rājanyam asya viṣayaṃ gataḥ। yam asya viṣaye kruddhair vadhaṃ prāpnoti dāruṇam ॥13-112-80॥

[कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - an ungrateful person; तु (tu) - but; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - having died; राजन् (rājan) - O king; यम् (yam) - Yama (the god of death); अस्य (asya) - his; विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain; गतः (gataḥ) - having entered; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषये (viṣaye) - in the realm; क्रुद्धैः (kruddhaiḥ) - by the enraged; वधम् (vadham) - punishment (killing); प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains; दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible;]

(But the ungrateful person, having died, O king, having entered the domain of Yama, in the realm of Yama, by the enraged obtains terrible punishment.)

But, O king, when the ungrateful man dies and enters the domain of Yama, he receives a terrible punishment at the hands of the enraged in the realm of Yama. (13-112-80)

पट्टिसं मुद्गरं शूलमग्निकुम्भं च दारुणम्। असिपत्रवनं घोरं वालुकां कूटशाल्मलीम् ॥१३-११२-८१॥

paṭṭisaṃ mudgaraṃ śūlam agnikumbhaṃ ca dāruṇam। asipatravanaṃ ghoraṃ vālukāṃ kūṭaśālmalīm ॥13-112-81॥

[पट्टिसम् (paṭṭisam) - spear; मुद्गरम् (mudgaram) - mace; शूलम् (śūlam) - trident; अग्निकुम्भम् (agnikumbham) - fire-pitcher; च (ca) - and; दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible; असिपत्रवनम् (asipatravanam) - forest of sword-leaves; घोरम् (ghoram) - horrible; वालुकाम् (vālukām) - sand; कूटशाल्मलीम् (kūṭaśālmalīm) - iron śalmali tree;]

(Spear, mace, trident, fire-pitcher, and terrible; forest of sword-leaves, horrible; sand, iron śalmali tree.)

Spear, mace, trident, fire-pitcher, and terrible things; the sword-leaf forest, something horrible; burning sand and the iron śalmali tree. (13-112-81)

एताश्चान्याश्च बह्वीः स यमस्य विषयं गतः। यातनाः प्राप्य तत्रोग्रास्ततो वध्यति भारत ॥१३-११२-८२॥

etāś ca anyāś ca bahvīḥ sa yamasya viṣayaṃ gataḥ। yātanāḥ prāpya tatra ugras tataḥ vadhyati bhārata ॥13-112-82॥

[एताः (etāḥ) - these (ones); च (ca) - and; अन्याः (anyāḥ) - other (ones); च (ca) - and; बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many; स (sa) - he; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain; गतः (gataḥ) - gone (entered); यातनाः (yātanāḥ) - torments; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; तत्र (tatra) - there; उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - severe; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; वध्यति (vadhyati) - is punished; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]

(These and other many (kinds), he having gone to the domain of Yama, torments severe there having obtained, thereafter is punished, O Bhārata.)

O Bhārata, he who has gone to the domain of Yama, after experiencing these and many other severe torments there, is punished. (13-112-82)

संसारचक्रमासाद्य कृमियोनौ प्रजायते। कृमिर्भवति वर्षाणि दश पञ्च च भारत ॥ ततो गर्भं समासाद्य तत्रैव म्रियते शिशुः ॥१३-११२-८३॥

saṃsāracakram āsādya kṛmiyonau prajāyate। kṛmir bhavati varṣāṇi daśa pañca ca bhārata ॥ tato garbhaṃ samāsādya tatraiva mriyate śiśuḥ ॥13-112-83॥

[संसारचक्रम् (saṃsāracakram) (saṃsāracakram) - the wheel of existence; आसाद्य (āsādya) (āsādya) - having attained; कृमि-योनि (kṛmi-yoni) (kṛmi-yoni) - the womb of a worm; प्रजायते (prajāyate) (prajāyate) - is born; कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) (kṛmiḥ) - the worm; भवति (bhavati) (bhavati) - remains; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) (varṣāṇi) - years; दश (daśa) (daśa) - ten; पञ्च (pañca) (pañca) - five; च (ca) (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ततः (tataḥ) (tataḥ) - then; गर्भम् (garbham) (garbham) - the womb; समासाद्य (samāsādya) (samāsādya) - having entered; तत्र (tatra) (tatra) - there; एव (eva) (eva) - indeed; म्रियते (mriyate) (mriyate) - dies; शिशुः (śiśuḥ) (śiśuḥ) - the child;]

(Having attained the wheel of existence, in the womb of a worm is born; the worm remains ten and five years, O Bhārata. Then, the womb having entered, there only the child dies.)

Having entered the cycle of existence, one is born in the womb of a worm; the worm lives for fifteen years, O Bhārata. Then, after entering a womb, the child dies there itself. (13-112-83)

ततो गर्भशतैर्जन्तुर्बहुभिः सम्प्रजायते। संसारांश्च बहून्गत्वा ततस्तिर्यक्प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-८४॥

tato garbhaśatair jantur bahubhiḥ sam-prajāyate। saṁsārāṁś ca bahūn gatvā tatas tiryak-prajāyate ॥13-112-84॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; गर्भशतैः (garbhaśataiḥ) - with hundreds of wombs; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - the creature; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many; सम्प्रजायते (sam-prajāyate) - is born; संसारान् (saṁsārān) - world-cycles; च (ca) - and; बहून् (bahūn) - many; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तिर्यक् (tiryak) - in lower (animal) forms; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Thereafter, the creature is born through hundreds of wombs by many; having traversed many world-cycles, then is born in lower (animal) forms.)

Then, the creature, after passing through hundreds of wombs and many world-cycles, is born again in lower animal forms. (13-112-84)

मृतो दुःखमनुप्राप्य बहुवर्षगणानिह। अपुनर्भावसंयुक्तस्ततः कूर्मः प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-८५॥

mṛto duḥkham anuprāpya bahu-varṣagaṇān iha। apunarbhāva-saṁyuktas tataḥ kūrmaḥ prajāyate॥13-112-85॥

[मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - having died; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having attained; बहु-वर्षगणान् (bahu-varṣagaṇān) - many groups of years; (i.e., many years;) इह (iha) - here; अपुनर्भाव-संयुक्तः (apunarbhāva-saṁyuktaḥ) - endowed with non-returning state; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; कूर्मः (kūrmaḥ) - a tortoise; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Having died, suffering having attained, many groups of years here, endowed with the non-returning state, thereafter, a tortoise is born.)

After dying and experiencing suffering here for many years, being in a state of non-return, then one is born as a tortoise. (13-112-85)

अशस्त्रं पुरुषं हत्वा सशस्त्रः पुरुषाधमः। अर्थार्थी यदि वा वैरी स मृतो जायते खरः ॥१३-११२-८६॥

aśastraṁ puruṣaṁ hatvā saśastraḥ puruṣādhamaḥ। arthārthī yadi vā vairī sa mṛto jāyate kharaḥ ॥13-112-86॥

[अशस्त्रं (aśastram) - unarmed; पुरुषं (puruṣam) - man; हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; सशस्त्रः (saśastraḥ) - armed; पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - lowest of men; अर्थार्थी (arthārthī) - one seeking wealth; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; वैरी (vairī) - enemy; स (sa) - he; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; जायते (jāyate) - is born; खरः (kharaḥ) - an ass;]

(Having killed an unarmed man, an armed one is the lowest among men; if one seeking wealth or an enemy, he dead is born as an ass.)

The armed man who kills an unarmed person is the lowest among men; whether he sought wealth or was an enemy, he is reborn as an ass after death. (13-112-86)

खरो जीवति वर्षे द्वे ततः शस्त्रेण वध्यते। स मृतो मृगयोनौ तु नित्योद्विग्नोऽभिजायते ॥१३-११२-८७॥

kharaḥ jīvati varṣe dve tataḥ śastreṇa vadhyate. sa mṛtaḥ mṛgayonau tu nityodvigno'bhijāyate ॥13-112-87॥

[खरः (kharaḥ) - ass; जीवति (jīvati) - lives; वर्षे (varṣe) - for a year; द्वे (dve) - two; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon; वध्यते (vadhyate) - is slain; सः (saḥ) - he; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; मृगयोनौ (mṛgayonau) - in the womb/species of animal; तु (tu) - but; नित्य-उद्विग्नः (nitya-udvignaḥ) - ever-fearful; अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - is born;]

(The ass lives for two years; thereafter, he is slain by weapon. Dead, he is born in the womb of an animal, but ever-fearful.)

The ass lives for two years, then is killed by a weapon. After death, he is born in the species of an animal and remains ever fearful. (13-112-87)

मृगो वध्यति शस्त्रेण गते संवत्सरे तु सः। हतो मृगस्ततो मीनः सोऽपि जालेन बध्यते ॥१३-११२-८८॥

mṛgo vadhyati śastreṇa gate saṃvatsare tu saḥ। hato mṛgas tato mīnaḥ so'pi jālena badhyate ॥13-112-88॥

[मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer; वध्यति (vadhyati) - is killed; शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by a weapon; गते (gate) - having passed; संवत्सरे (saṃvatsare) - year; तु (tu) - but; सः (saḥ) - he; हतः (hataḥ) - killed; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - the deer; ततः (tataḥ) - after that; मीनः (mīnaḥ) - fish; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; जालेन (jālena) - by a net; बध्यते (badhyate) - is caught;]

(Deer is killed by weapon, having passed the year, but he (being) killed, after that fish he also by net is caught.)

When the year has passed, the deer is killed by a weapon; after the deer is killed, then the fish too is caught by a net. (13-112-88)

मासे चतुर्थे सम्प्राप्ते श्वापदः सम्प्रजायते। श्वापदो दश वर्षाणि द्वीपी वर्षाणि पञ्च च ॥१३-११२-८९॥

māse caturthe samprāpte śvāpadaḥ samprajāyate। śvāpado daśa varṣāṇi dvīpī varṣāṇi pañca ca॥13-112-89॥

[मासे (māse) - in the month;},{ चतुर्थे (caturthe) - fourth;},{ सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived;},{ श्वापदः (śvāpadaḥ) - the wild animal;},{ सम्प्रजायते (samprajāyate) - is born;},{ श्वापदः (śvāpadaḥ) - the wild animal;},{ दश (daśa) - ten;},{ वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years;},{ द्वीपी (dvīpī) - the tiger;},{ वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years;},{ पञ्च (pañca) - five;},{ च (ca) - and;};]

(When the fourth month has arrived, the wild animal is born. The wild animal lives ten years, the tiger five years and (so on).)

Upon the arrival of the fourth month, the wild animal is born. The wild animal lives ten years; the tiger, five years. (13-112-89)

ततस्तु निधनं प्राप्तः कालपर्यायचोदितः। अधर्मस्य क्षयं कृत्वा ततो जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-९०॥

tatastu nidhanaṃ prāptaḥ kālaparyāyacoditaḥ। adharmasya kṣayaṃ kṛtvā tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-90॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; तु (tu) - indeed; निधानं (nidhānam) - death; प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having obtained; कालपर्यायचोदितः (kālaparyāyacoditaḥ) - impelled by the turn of time; अधर्मस्य (adharmasya) - of unrighteousness; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; ततः (tataḥ) - then; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human;]

(Then indeed, having obtained death, impelled by the turn of time, having caused the destruction of unrighteousness, then a human is born.)

Then, indeed, after attaining death as impelled by the turn of time, and having destroyed unrighteousness, thereafter a human is born. (13-112-90)

स्त्रियं हत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्यमस्य विषयं गतः। बहून्क्लेशान्समासाद्य संसारांश्चैव विंशतिम् ॥१३-११२-९१॥

striyaṃ hatvā tu durbuddhir yamasya viṣayaṃ gataḥ। bahūn kleśān samāsādya saṃsārāṃś caiva viṃśatim ॥13-112-91॥

[स्त्रियं (striyam) - woman (accusative singular); हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed; तु (tu) - but; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - wicked-minded (nominative singular); यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; विषयं (viṣayam) - domain; गतः (gataḥ) - has gone; बहून् (bahūn) - many (accusative plural); क्लेशन् (kleśān) - torments; समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having encountered; संसारान् (saṃsārān) - cycles of birth and death; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विंशतिम् (viṃśatim) - twenty (accusative singular, referring to cycles or sufferings);]

(Woman having killed but wicked-minded Yama's domain has gone; many torments having encountered cycles of birth and death and indeed twenty.)

But the wicked-minded one, having killed a woman, has gone to the domain of Yama; after enduring many torments and indeed twenty cycles of birth and death. (13-112-91)

ततः पश्चान्महाराज कृमियोनौ प्रजायते। कृमिर्विंशतिवर्षाणि भूत्वा जायति मानुषः ॥१३-११२-९२॥

tataḥ paścān mahārāja kṛmiyonau prajāyate। kṛmir viṃśati-varṣāṇi bhūtvā jāyati mānuṣaḥ॥13-112-92॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - from then; from that; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterward; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; कृमि-योनि (kṛmi-yoni) - worm womb; (birth as a worm); उ (u) - indeed; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) - the worm; विंशति- वर्षाणि (viṃśati-varṣāṇi) - twenty years; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - as a human;]

(From then, afterward, O great king, one is born in a worm womb; the worm having been for twenty years is born as a human.)

After that, O great king, one is born in the womb of a worm; after existing as a worm for twenty years, one is born as a human. (13-112-92)

भोजनं चोरयित्वा तु मक्षिका जायते नरः। मक्षिकासङ्घवशगो बहून्मासान्भवत्युत ॥ ततः पापक्षयं कृत्वा मानुषत्वमवाप्नुते ॥१३-११२-९३॥

bhojanaṁ corayitvā tu makṣikā jāyate naraḥ। makṣikāsaṅghavaśago bahūnmāsānbhavatyyuta ॥ tataḥ pāpakṣayaṁ kṛtvā mānuṣatvam avāpnute ॥13-112-93॥

[भोजनं (bhojanaṁ) (bhojanaṁ) - food; चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) (corayitvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) (tu) - but; मक्षिका (makṣikā) (makṣikā) - a fly; जायते (jāyate) (jāyate) - is born; नरः (naraḥ) (naraḥ) - a man; मक्षिका-सङ्घ-वश-गः (makṣikā–saṅgha–vaśa–gaḥ) (makṣikāsaṅghavaśagaḥ) - subject to the power of a group of flies; बहून् (bahūn) (bahūn) - many; मासान् (māsān) (māsān) - months; भवति (bhavati) (bhavati) - exists; उत (uta) (uta) - indeed; ततः (tataḥ) (tataḥ) - then; पाप-क्षयम् (pāpa-kṣayam) (pāpa-kṣayam) - destruction of sin; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) (kṛtvā) - having accomplished; मानुषत्वम् (mānuṣatvam) (mānuṣatvam) - human state; अवाप्नुते (avāpnute) (avāpnute) - attains;]

(A man, having stolen food, but, is born as a fly. Subject to the power of a group of flies, he exists many months indeed. Then, having accomplished the destruction of sin, he attains human state. (13-112-93))

If a man steals food, he is born as a fly and, subject to the power of swarms of flies, lives so for many months. Then, once his sin is exhausted, he gains a human birth. (13-112-93)

वाद्यं हृत्वा तु पुरुषो मशकः सम्प्रजायते। तथा पिण्याकसंमिश्रमशनं चोरयेन्नरः ॥ स जायते बभ्रुसमो दारुणो मूषको नरः ॥१३-११२-९४॥

vādyam hṛtvā tu puruṣo maśakaḥ samprajāyate. tathā piṇyāka-saṃmiśram-aśanaṃ corayet naraḥ. sa jāyate babhru-samaḥ dāruṇaḥ mūṣakaḥ naraḥ. (13-112-94)

[वाद्यं (vādyam) - musical instrument; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man; मशकः (maśakaḥ) - a mosquito; सम्प्रजायते (samprajāyate) - is born (as); तथा (tathā) - in the same way; पिण्याकसंमिश्रम् (piṇyāka-saṃmiśram) - mixed with oil-cake; अशनम् (aśanam) - food; चोरयेत् (corayet) - if one steals; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; स (sa) - he; जायते (jāyate) - is born (as); बभ्रुसमः (babhrusamaḥ) - like a mongoose; दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - fierce; मूषकः (mūṣakaḥ) - a mouse; नरः (naraḥ) - a man;]

(Having stolen a musical instrument, but (the) man is born (as) a mosquito. Likewise (if) a man steals food mixed with oil-cake, he is born (as) a fierce, mongoose-like mouse, a man.)

If a man steals a musical instrument, he is reborn as a mosquito. Similarly, if a man steals food mixed with oil-cake, he is reborn as a fierce mouse, resembling a mongoose. (13-112-94)

लवणं चोरयित्वा तु चीरीवाकः प्रजायते। दधि हृत्वा बकश्चापि प्लवो मत्स्यानसंस्कृतान् ॥१३-११२-९५॥

lavaṇaṁ corayitvā tu cīrīvākaḥ prajāyate। dadhi hṛtvā bakaś cāpi plavo matsyān asaṁskṛtān ॥13-112-95॥

[लवणं (lavaṇam) - salt; चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; चीरीवाकः (cīrīvākaḥ) - the plover bird; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; दधि (dadhi) - curd; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having taken away; बकः (bakaḥ) - the crane; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; प्लवः (plavaḥ) - the aquatic bird; मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - fish (accusative plural); असंस्कृतान् (asaṁskṛtān) - uncooked;]

(Salt having stolen but the plover bird is born. Curd having taken away the crane also and the aquatic bird fish uncooked.)

But after stealing salt, the plover bird comes into being. And after taking away curd, the crane also (becomes) the aquatic bird that (takes) uncooked fish. (13-112-95)

चोरयित्वा पयश्चापि बलाका सम्प्रजायते। यस्तु चोरयते तैलं तैलपायी प्रजायते ॥ चोरयित्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्मधु दंशः प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-९६॥

corayitvā payaścāpi balākā samprajāyate। yastu corayate tailaṃ tailapāyī prajāyate॥ corayitvā tu durbuddhir madhu daṃśaḥ prajāyate॥13-112-96॥

[चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - having stolen; पयः (payaḥ) - milk; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; बलाका (balākā) - balākā bird (a type of heron); सम्प्रजायते (samprajāyate) - is born; यः (yaḥ) - he who; तु (tu) - but; चोरयते (corayate) - steals; तैलम् (tailam) - oil; तैलपायी (tailapāyī) - oil-drinker; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - one of bad intellect; मधु (madhu) - honey; दंशः (daṃśaḥ) - a stinging insect (mosquito); प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Having stolen milk, also the balākā bird is born. But he who steals oil is born as an oil-drinker. Having stolen, but the one of bad intellect, honey (if he steals), is born as a stinging insect (mosquito). (13-112-96))

One who has stolen milk is born as a balākā bird. But he who steals oil is reborn as one who drinks oil. If an evil-minded person steals honey, he is born as a stinging insect (mosquito). (13-112-96)

अयो हृत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्वायसो जायते नरः। पायसं चोरयित्वा तु तित्तिरित्वमवाप्नुते ॥१३-११२-९७॥

ayo hṛtvā tu durbuddhirvāyaso jāyate naraḥ। pāyasaṃ corayitvā tu tittiritvam avāpnute ॥13-112-97॥

[अयो (ayo) - of iron; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - wicked-minded one; वायसः (vāyasaḥ) - a crow; जायते (jāyate) - is born; नरः (naraḥ) - a person; पायसं (pāyasaṃ) - sweet rice pudding; चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; तित्तिरित्वम् (tittiritvam) - state of being a partridge; अवाप्नुते (avāpnute) - attains;]

(Of iron having stolen but wicked-minded one a crow is born person; sweet rice pudding having stolen but the state of being a partridge attains.)

A person of wicked mind who steals iron is reborn as a crow; but one who steals sweet rice pudding attains the state of a partridge. (13-112-97)

हृत्वा पैष्टमपूपं च कुम्भोलूकः प्रजायते। फलं वा मूलकं हृत्वा अपूपं वा पिपीलिकः ॥१३-११२-९८॥

hṛtvā paiṣṭam-apūpaṃ ca kumbholūkaḥ prajāyate। phalaṃ vā mūlakaṃ hṛtvā apūpaṃ vā pipīlikaḥ ॥13-112-98॥

[हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having taken away; पैष्टम् (paiṣṭam) - made of flour; अपूपं (apūpam) - cake; च (ca) - and; कुम्भोलूकः (kumbholūkaḥ) - owl; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; फलं (phalam) - fruit; वा (vā) - or; मूलकं (mūlakam) - root-vegetable; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having taken away; अपूपं (apūpam) - cake; वा (vā) - or; पिपीलिकः (pipīlikaḥ) - ant;]

(Having taken away a cake made of flour and (thus) an owl is born; fruit or root-vegetable (if someone) having taken away cake or (becomes) an ant.)

By taking away a cake made of flour, an owl is born; by taking away fruit, root-vegetable, or cake, one becomes an ant. (13-112-98)

कांस्यं हृत्वा तु दुर्बुद्धिर्हारीतो जायते नरः। राजतं भाजनं हृत्वा कपोतः सम्प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-९९॥

kāṁsyaṁ hṛtvā tu durbuddhirhārito jāyate naraḥ। rājataṁ bhājanaṁ hṛtvā kapotaḥ samprajāyate॥13-112-99॥

[कांस्यं (kāṁsyaṁ) - bronze; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - a person of evil intellect; हारीतः (hāritaḥ) - parrot; जायते (jāyate) - is born; नरः (naraḥ) - man; राजतं (rājataṁ) - silver; भाजनं (bhājanaṁ) - vessel; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - pigeon; सम्प्रजायते (samprajāyate) - is born (as);]

(Bronze having stolen but a person of evil intellect as a parrot is born; silver vessel having stolen as a pigeon is born.)

A man of evil intellect, having stolen bronze, is born as a parrot; having stolen a silver vessel, he is born as a pigeon. (13-112-99)

हृत्वा तु काञ्चनं भाण्डं कृमियोनौ प्रजायते। क्रौञ्चः कार्पासिकं हृत्वा मृतो जायति मानवः ॥१३-११२-१००॥

hṛtvā tu kāñcanaṃ bhāṇḍaṃ kṛmiyonau prajāyate. krauñcaḥ kārpāsikaṃ hṛtvā mṛto jāyati mānavaḥ ॥13-112-100॥

[हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; तु (tu) - but; काञ्चनं (kāñcanaṃ) - gold; भाण्डं (bhāṇḍam) - object; कृमियोनौ (kṛmiyonau) - in the womb of worms; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born; क्रौञ्चः (krauñcaḥ) - the heron (bird); कार्पासिकं (kārpāsikaṃ) - cotton; हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; जायति (jāyati) - is born; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human;]

(Having stolen gold object but, in the womb of worms is born. The heron having stolen cotton, dead, is born a human.)

But one who steals a gold object is born in the womb of worms. A human, having stolen cotton from a heron, is born again after death. (13-112-100)

चोरयित्वा नरः पट्टं त्वाविकं वापि भारत। क्षौमं च वस्त्रमादाय शशो जन्तुः प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-१०१॥

corayitvā naraḥ paṭṭaṃ tvāvikaṃ vāpi bhārata। kṣaumaṃ ca vastram ādāya śaśo jantuḥ prajāyate ॥13-112-101॥

[चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - having stolen; नरः (naraḥ) - man; पट्टं (paṭṭam) - silk cloth; त्वाविकं (tvāvikam) - woolen cloth; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; क्षौमं (kṣaumam) - linen cloth; च (ca) - and; वस्त्रम् (vastram) - garment; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; शशः (śaśaḥ) - hare; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(Having stolen silk cloth, woolen cloth, or even, O Bhārata, linen cloth, and having taken a garment, the creature is born as a hare.)

O Bhārata, if a man steals silk, woolen, or linen garments, he is reborn as a hare. (13-112-101)

वर्णान्हृत्वा तु पुरुषो मृतो जायति बर्हिणः। हृत्वा रक्तानि वस्त्राणि जायते जीवजीवकः ॥१३-११२-१०२॥

varṇān hṛtvā tu puruṣaḥ mṛtaḥ jāyati barhiṇaḥ। hṛtvā raktāni vastrāṇi jāyate jīvajīvakaḥ॥13-112-102॥

[वर्णान् (varṇān) - colors; (accusative plural); हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having taken; having seized; तु (tu) - but; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man; (nominative singular); मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; (past participle, nominative singular); जायति (jāyati) - is born; is produced; बर्हिणः (barhiṇaḥ) - peacock; (nominative singular); हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having taken; having seized; रक्तानि (raktāni) - red; (accusative plural, neuter); वस्त्राणि (vastrāṇi) - clothes; garments; (accusative plural, neuter); जायते (jāyate) - is born; is produced; जीवजीवकः (jīvajīvakaḥ) - jīvajīvaka bird; (nominative singular);]

(Having taken colors, but a man dead is born as a peacock. Having taken red garments, is born as a jīvajīvaka bird.)

A man who dies having taken (stolen) colors is born as a peacock; one who takes (steals) red garments is born as a jīvajīvaka bird. (13-112-102)

वर्णकादींस्तथा गन्धांश्चोरयित्वा तु मानवः। छुच्छुन्दरित्वमाप्नोति राजँल्लोभपरायणः ॥१३-११२-१०३॥

varṇakādīṁs tathā gandhāṁś corayitvā tu mānavaḥ। chucchundaritvam āpnoti rājaṅ lo bha parāyaṇaḥ ॥13-112-103॥

[वर्णकादीन् (varṇakādīn) - coloring substances etc.; तथा (tathā) - likewise; गन्धान् (gandhān) - fragrances; च (ca) - and; चोरयित्वा (corayitvā) - after stealing; तु (tu) - but; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being; छुच्छुन्दरित्वम् (chucchundaritvam) - the state of being a musk-rat (shrew); आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; राजन् (rājan) - O king; लोभपरायणः (lobha-parāyaṇaḥ) - one devoted to greed;]

(Coloring substances etc., likewise fragrances and, after stealing but a human being, the state of being a musk-rat obtains, O king, one devoted to greed.)

O king, a human being who, out of greed, steals coloring substances and fragrances, becomes a musk-rat. (13-112-103)

विश्वासेन तु निक्षिप्तं यो निह्नवति मानवः। स गतासुर्नरस्तादृङ्मत्स्ययोनौ प्रजायते ॥१३-११२-१०४॥

viśvāsena tu nikṣiptaṃ yo nihnavati mānavaḥ। sa gatāsur naras tādṛṅ matsya-yonau prajāyate॥13-112-104॥

[विश्वासेन (viśvāsena) - by trust; तु (tu) - but; निक्षिप्तं (nikṣiptam) - deposited; यः (yaḥ) - who; निह्नवति (nihnavati) - conceals; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man; स (sa) - he; गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - dead; नरः (naraḥ) - man; तात् (tādṛk) - such; मत्स्ययोनौ (matsya-yonau) - in the womb of a fish; प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born;]

(By trust, but the deposited (thing), who conceals, man, he, dead, man, such, in the womb of a fish, is born.)

But a man who conceals what is deposited in trust, after death, such a man is born in the womb of a fish. (13-112-104)

मत्स्ययोनिमनुप्राप्य मृतो जायति मानुषः। मानुषत्वमनुप्राप्य क्षीणायुरुपपद्यते ॥१३-११२-१०५॥

matsya-yonim anuprāpya mṛto jāyati mānuṣaḥ। mānuṣatvam anuprāpya kṣīṇāyuḥ upapadyate ॥13-112-105॥

[मत्स्ययोनिम् (matsya-yonim) - fish womb; (i.e., the state of being a fish;) अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having attained; after attaining; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; deceased; जायति (jāyati) - is born; arises; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human; person; मानुषत्वम् (mānuṣatvam) - humanhood; the state of being human; अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having attained; after attaining; क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - one with diminished life-span; whose life is exhausted; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is born; takes birth;]

(Having attained the fish womb, dead, is born as a human; having attained humanhood, when the life-span is exhausted, he is born.)

Upon attaining a fish existence and dying, one is born as a human; having attained human life and when his life-span is exhausted, he takes birth again. (13-112-105)

पापानि तु नरः कृत्वा तिर्यग्जायति भारत। न चात्मनः प्रमाणं ते धर्मं जानन्ति किञ्चन ॥१३-११२-१०६॥

pāpāni tu naraḥ kṛtvā tiryagjāyati bhārata. na cātmanaḥ pramāṇaṁ te dharmaṁ jānanti kiñcana ॥13-112-106॥

[पापानि (pāpāni) - sins; तु (tu) - but; नरः (naraḥ) - a man; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; तिर्यग् (tiryag) - as an animal (transversely-born); जायति (jāyati) - is born; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for oneself; प्रमाणं (pramāṇam) - the measure (standard); ते (te) - they; धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - dharma; जानन्ति (jānanti) - know; किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything;]

(Sins but a man having done, as an animal is born, O Bhārata. Not and for oneself the measure they dharma know anything.)

But after committing sins, a man is born as an animal, O Bhārata. They do not know any standard of dharma for themselves at all. (13-112-106)

ये पापानि नराः कृत्वा निरस्यन्ति व्रतैः सदा। सुखदुःखसमायुक्ता व्याधितास्ते भवन्त्युत ॥१३-११२-१०७॥

ye pāpāni narāḥ kṛtvā nirasyaṃti vrataiḥ sadā। sukhaduḥkhasamāyuktā vyādhitās te bhavanty uta ॥13-112-107॥

[ये (ye) - who; पापानि (pāpāni) - sins; नराः (narāḥ) - men; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed; निरस्यन्ति (nirasyaṃti) - drive away; व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - with vows; सदा (sadā) - always; सुखदुःखसमायुक्ता (sukhaduḥkhasamāyuktā) - endowed with happiness and sorrow; व्याधिताः (vyādhitāḥ) - afflicted by disease; ते (te) - they; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; उत (uta) - indeed;]

(Who sins men having committed drive away with vows always, endowed with happiness and sorrow, diseased they become indeed. (13-112-107))

Those men who, having committed sins, always drive them away with vows, become afflicted by happiness and sorrow, and are diseased indeed. (13-112-107)

असंवासाः प्रजायन्ते म्लेच्छाश्चापि न संशयः। नराः पापसमाचारा लोभमोहसमन्विताः ॥१३-११२-१०८॥

asaṃvāsāḥ prajāyante mlecchāś cāpi na saṃśayaḥ । narāḥ pāpasamācārā lobhamohasamanvitāḥ ॥13-112-108॥

[असंवासाः (asaṃvāsāḥ) - those without proper conduct; प्रजायन्ते (prajāyante) - are born; म्लेच्छाः (mlecchāḥ) - foreigners; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; नराः (narāḥ) - men; पापसमाचारा (pāpasamācārā) - of evil conduct; लोभ (lobha) - greed; मोह (moha) - delusion; समन्विताः (samanvitāḥ) - endowed with;]

(Those without proper conduct are born, and foreigners also, no doubt; men of evil conduct endowed with greed and delusion.)

Certainly, those lacking proper conduct and foreigners are born; men possess evil ways, filled with greed and delusion. (13-112-108)

वर्जयन्ति च पापानि जन्मप्रभृति ये नराः। अरोगा रूपवन्तस्ते धनिनश्च भवन्त्युत ॥१३-११२-१०९॥

varjayanti ca pāpāni janmaprabhṛti ye narāḥ। arogā rūpavantas te dhaninaś ca bhavanty uta॥13-112-109॥

[वर्जयन्ति (varjayanti) - reject; च (ca) - and; पापानि (pāpāni) - sins; जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth; ये (ye) - who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; अरोगाः (arogāḥ) - without disease; रूपवन्तः (rūpavantaḥ) - handsome; endowed with beauty; ते (te) - they; धनिनः (dhaninaḥ) - wealthy; च (ca) - and; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; उत (uta) - indeed;]

(And reject sins from birth who men, without disease, handsome they, wealthy and become indeed.)

Men who reject sins from birth become free from disease, handsome, and wealthy indeed. (13-112-109)

स्त्रियोऽप्येतेन कल्पेन कृत्वा पापमवाप्नुयुः। एतेषामेव जन्तूनां पत्नीत्वमुपयान्ति ताः ॥१३-११२-११०॥

striyo'py etena kalpena kṛtvā pāpam avāpnuyuḥ। eteṣām eva jantūnāṃ patnītvam upayānti tāḥ॥13-112-110॥

[स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; अपि (api) - also; एतेन (etena) - by this; कल्पेन (kalpena) - procedure; method; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; अवाप्नुयुः (avāpnuyuḥ) - would obtain; एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these; एव (eva) - only; जन्तूनाम् (jantūnām) - of creatures; पत्नीत्वम् (patnītvam) - wifehood; being wife; उपयान्ति (upayānti) - they attain; ताः (tāḥ) - they (those women);]

(Women also by this procedure, having done sin, would obtain. Of these only creatures, wifehood they attain, those (women). (13-112-110))

Women also, by this method, having committed sin, would obtain (its result). They attain the condition of wifehood among these very creatures. (13-112-110)

परस्वहरणे दोषाः सर्व एव प्रकीर्तिताः। एतद्वै लेशमात्रेण कथितं ते मयानघ ॥ अपरस्मिन्कथायोगे भूयः श्रोष्यसि भारत ॥१३-११२-१११॥

parasvaharaṇe doṣāḥ sarva eva prakīrtitāḥ। etadvai leśamātreṇa kathitaṃ te mayānagha॥ aparasminkathāyoge bhūyaḥ śroṣyasi bhārata॥13-112-111॥

[परस्वहरणे (parasvaharaṇe) - in the taking away of others' property; दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रकीर्तिताः (prakīrtitāḥ) - have been declared; एतत् (etat) - this; वै (vai) - indeed; लेशमात्रेण (leśamātreṇa) - in brief; कथितं (kathitam) - has been told; ते (te) - to you; मया (mayā) - by me; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one; अपरस्मिन् (aparasmin) - in another; कथा (kathā) - discourse; योगे (yoge) - occasion; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further; श्रोष्यसि (śroṣyasi) - you shall hear; भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata;]

(In the taking away of others' property, all faults indeed have been declared. This indeed in brief has been told to you by me, O sinless one. On another occasion of discourse, you shall hear further, O descendant of Bharata. (13-112-111))

All the faults in taking away the property of others have indeed been declared. This much has been told to you briefly by me, O sinless one. On another occasion, you shall hear more, O descendant of Bharata. (13-112-111)

एतन्मया महाराज ब्रह्मणो वदतः पुरा। सुरर्षीणां श्रुतं मध्ये पृष्टश्चापि यथातथम् ॥१३-११२-११२॥

etan mayā mahārāja brahmaṇo vadataḥ purā। surarṣiṇāṁ śrutaṁ madhye pṛṣṭaś cāpi yathā tatham ॥13-112-112॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; मया (mayā) - by me; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā (the creator); वदतः (vadataḥ) - when speaking; पुरा (purā) - formerly; सुरर्षीणाम् (surarṣiṇām) - of the divine sages; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard; मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been questioned; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; यथा (yathā) - as; तथम् (tatham) - so;]

(This by me, O great king, of Brahmā when speaking, formerly, of the divine sages, heard, in the midst, having been questioned, and also, as, so.)

O great king, this I heard from Brahmā when he was speaking long ago, in the midst of the divine sages, having also questioned him as it was. (13-112-112)

मयापि तव कार्त्स्न्येन यथावदनुवर्णितम्। एतच्छ्रुत्वा महाराज धर्मे कुरु मनः सदा ॥१३-११२-११३॥

mayāpi tava kārtsnyena yathāvadanuvarṇitam। etacchrutvā mahārāja dharme kuru manaḥ sadā ॥13-112-113॥

[मया (mayā) - by me; अपि (api) - also; तव (tava) - to you; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely; in entirety; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; as it is; अनुवर्णितम् (anuvarṇitam) - has been explained; has been described; एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; in righteousness; कुरु (kuru) - place; set; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; सदा (sadā) - always;]

(By me also to you completely as it is has been explained. This having heard O great king in dharma place mind always.)

I too have thoroughly explained everything to you as it is. Having heard this, O great king, always direct your mind towards righteousness. (13-112-113)