13.128
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great lord said;)
The great lord said.
तिलोत्तमा नाम पुरा ब्रह्मणा योषिदुत्तमा। तिलं तिलं समुद्धृत्य रत्नानां निर्मिता शुभा ॥१३-१२८-१॥
tilottamā nāma purā brahmaṇā yoṣiduttamā। tilaṃ tilaṃ samuddhṛtya ratnānāṃ nirmitā śubhā ॥13-128-1॥
[तिलोत्तमा (tilottamā) - Tilottamā (name); नाम (nāma) - named; पुरा (purā) - formerly; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā; योषिदुत्तमा (yoṣid-uttamā) - the best among women; तिलं तिलं (tilaṃ tilaṃ) - sesame, sesame (grain by grain); समुद्धृत्य (samuddhṛtya) - having selected; रत्नानां (ratnānām) - of jewels; निर्मिता (nirmitā) - created; शुभा (śubhā) - auspicious;]
(Tilottamā named, formerly, by Brahmā, the best among women, sesame by sesame having selected of jewels, created, auspicious.)
The one named Tilottamā, in former times, the best among women, was created by Brahmā out of the choicest parts of many jewels, one by one; she is auspicious. (13-128-1)
साभ्यगच्छत मां देवि रूपेणाप्रतिमा भुवि। प्रदक्षिणं लोभयन्ती मां शुभे रुचिरानना ॥१३-१२८-२॥
sābhyagacchata māṃ devi rūpeṇāpratimā bhuvi. pradakṣiṇaṃ lobhayantī māṃ śubhe rucirānanā ॥13-128-2॥
[सा (sā) - she; अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - approached; माम् (mām) - me; देवि (devi) - O goddess; रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - by (her) beauty; अप्रतिमा (apratimā) - incomparable; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation; लोभयन्ती (lobhayantī) - enticing; माम् (mām) - me; शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one; रुचिरानना (rucirānanā) - having a beautiful face;]
(She approached me, O goddess, incomparable on earth by (her) beauty, enticing me with her circumambulation, O auspicious one, having a beautiful face.)
O Devi, she, incomparable in beauty on earth, approached me, enticing me with her circumambulation, O auspicious one with a lovely face. (13-128-2)
यतो यतः सा सुदती मामुपाधावदन्तिके। ततस्ततो मुखं चारु मम देवि विनिर्गतम् ॥१३-१२८-३॥
yato yataḥ sā sudatī mām upādhāvat antike। tataḥ tataḥ mukhaṃ cāru mama devi vinirgatam ॥13-128-3॥
[यतः (yataḥ) - from wherever; यतः (yataḥ) - from whichever direction; सा (sā) - she; सुदती (sudatī) - with beautiful teeth; माम् (mām) - (towards) me; उपाधावत् (upādhāvat) - approached; अन्तिके (antike) - near; ततः (tataḥ) - from there; ततः (tataḥ) - from there; मुखम् (mukham) - face; चारु (cāru) - beautiful; मम (mama) - my; देवि (devi) - O goddess; विनिर्गतम् (vinirgatam) - emerged;]
(From wherever, from whichever direction, she of beautiful teeth approached me near, from there, from there my beautiful face, O goddess, emerged.)
O goddess, from whichever direction that lovely-toothed lady approached me nearby, from that very direction my own beautiful face appeared. (13-128-3)
तां दिदृक्षुरहं योगाच्चतुर्मूर्तित्वमागतः। चतुर्मुखश्च संवृत्तो दर्शयन्योगमात्मनः ॥१३-१२८-४॥
tāṃ didṛkṣurahaṃ yogāccaturmūrtitvamāgataḥ। caturmukhaśca saṃvṛtto darśayanyogamātmanaḥ ॥13-128-4॥
[तां (tām) - her; दिदृक्षुः (didṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to see; अहम् (aham) - I; योगात् (yogāt) - from yoga; चतुर्मूर्तित्वम् (caturmūrtitvam) - the state of being four-formed; आगतः (āgataḥ) - having attained; चतुर्मुखः (caturmukhaḥ) - having four faces; च (ca) - and; संवृत्तः (saṃvṛttaḥ) - having become; दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing; योगम् (yogam) - yoga; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself;]
(Her desiring to see, I, from yoga, having attained the state of being four-formed, having become four-faced and showing the yoga of oneself.)
Desiring to see her, I, through yoga, assumed the state of four forms, became four-faced, and revealed the yoga of my own self. (13-128-4)
पूर्वेण वदनेनाहमिन्द्रत्वमनुशास्मि ह। उत्तरेण त्वया सार्धं रमाम्यहमनिन्दिते ॥१३-१२८-५॥
pūrveṇa vadanenāham indrātvam anuśāsmi ha। uttareṇa tvayā sārdhaṃ ramāmy aham anindite ॥13-128-5॥
[पूर्वेण (pūrveṇa) - by the former;, वदनेन (vadanena) - with mouth;, अहम् (aham) - I;, इन्द्रत्वम् (indratvam) - Indra-hood;, अनुशास्मि (anuśāsmi) - I command;, ह (ha) - indeed;, उत्तरेण (uttareṇa) - by the latter;, त्वया (tvayā) - with you;, सार्धम् (sārdham) - together;, रमामि (ramāmi) - I enjoy;, अहम् (aham) - I;, अनिन्दिते (anindite) - O blameless one;]
(By the former mouth I, indeed, command Indra-hood. By the latter, together with you, O blameless one, I enjoy.)
Through the former mouth I bestow the position of Indra; with the latter, I enjoy together with you, O blameless one. (13-128-5)
पश्चिमं मे मुखं सौम्यं सर्वप्राणिसुखावहम्। दक्षिणं भीमसङ्काशं रौद्रं संहरति प्रजाः ॥१३-१२८-६॥
paścimaṃ me mukhaṃ saumyaṃ sarvapraāṇisukhāvaham। dakṣiṇaṃ bhīmasaṅkāśaṃ raudraṃ saṃharati prajāḥ ॥13-128-6॥
[पश्चिमं (paścimam) - western;, मे (me) - my;, मुखं (mukham) - face;, सौम्यं (saumyam) - gentle;, सर्वप्राणिसुखावहम् (sarvapraāṇisukhāvaham) - bringing happiness to all beings;, दक्षिणं (dakṣiṇam) - southern;, भीमसङ्काशं (bhīmasaṅkāśam) - terrible in appearance;, रौद्रं (raudram) - fierce;, संहरति (saṃharati) - destroys;, प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures;]
(My western face is gentle, bringing happiness to all beings. The southern (face), terrible in appearance, fierce, destroys creatures.)
My western face is gentle and brings happiness to all beings. The southern face, terrible in appearance and fierce, destroys living creatures. (13-128-6)
जटिलो ब्रह्मचारी च लोकानां हितकाम्यया। देवकार्यार्थसिद्ध्यर्थं पिनाकं मे करे स्थितम् ॥१३-१२८-७॥
jaṭilo brahmacārī ca lokānāṃ hitakāmyayā। devakāryārthasiddhyarthaṃ pinākaṃ me kare sthitam ॥13-128-7॥
[जटिलः (jaṭilaḥ) - matted-haired; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate; च (ca) - and; लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of worlds; हितकाम्यया (hitakāmyayā) - with the desire for welfare; देवकार्यार्थसिद्ध्यर्थम् (devakāryārthasiddhyartham) - for the accomplishment of the purpose of the gods; पिनाकम् (pinākam) - Pinaka (the bow); मे (me) - my; करे (kare) - in (my) hand; स्थितम् (sthitam) - placed;]
(Matted-haired, celibate, and with the desire for the welfare of worlds, for the accomplishment of the purpose of the gods, Pinaka (the bow) is placed in my hand.)
I am matted-haired, a celibate, and, desiring the welfare of the worlds, for the accomplishment of the work of the gods, Pinaka is held in my hand. (13-128-7)
इन्द्रेण च पुरा वज्रं क्षिप्तं श्रीकाङ्क्षिणा मम। दग्ध्वा कण्ठं तु तद्यातं तेन श्रीकण्ठता मम ॥१३-१२८-८॥
indreṇa ca purā vajraṃ kṣiptaṃ śrīkāṅkṣiṇā mama। dagdhvā kaṇṭhaṃ tu tadyātaṃ tena śrīkaṇṭhatā mama॥13-128-8॥
[इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra; च (ca) - and; पुरा (purā) - formerly; वज्रं (vajram) - the thunderbolt; क्षिप्तं (kṣiptam) - having been hurled; श्रीकाङ्क्षिणा (śrīkāṅkṣiṇā) - by the desirous of fortune (one who desires Śrī); मम (mama) - of me; दग्ध्वा (dagdhvā) - having burned; कण्ठं (kaṇṭham) - the throat; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; यातं (yātam) - having gone; तेन (tena) - by that; श्रीकण्ठता (śrīkaṇṭhatā) - the state of being Śrīkaṇṭha; मम (mama) - of me;]
(And by Indra formerly the thunderbolt having been hurled by the desirous of fortune of me, having burned the throat but that having gone, by that the state of being Śrīkaṇṭha of me.)
Formerly, Indra hurled the thunderbolt at me, who was desirous of Śrī; and having burned my throat, that thunderbolt passed on. By that, I became known as Śrīkaṇṭha. (13-128-8)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper noun – the goddess Umā, a form of Pārvatī); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
वाहनेषु प्रभूतेषु श्रीमत्स्वन्येषु सत्सु ते। कथं गोवृषभो देव वाहनत्वमुपागतः ॥१३-१२८-९॥
vāhaneṣu prabhūteṣu śrīmatsvanyeṣu satsu te। kathaṃ govṛṣabho deva vāhanatvamupāgataḥ ॥13-128-9॥
[वाहनेषु (vāhaneṣu) - among vehicles; प्रभूतेषु (prabhūteṣu) - abundant; (when there are many;) श्रीमत्सु (śrīmatsu) - prosperous; glorious; अन्येषु (anyeṣu) - other; सत्सु (satsu) - being; existing; ते (te) - to you; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; गोवृषभः (govṛṣabhaḥ) - bull; (the bull); देव (deva) - O divine one; वाहनत्वम् (vāhanatvam) - the state of being a vehicle; उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has attained;]
(Among vehicles, when (there are) many other glorious existences for you, how, O divine one, did the bull attain the state of being (your) vehicle?)
Among the many abundant and splendid vehicles available to you, O lord, how did the bull come to be your vehicle? (13-128-9)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Great lord said;)
The great lord said.
सुरभीं ससृजे ब्रह्मामृतधेनुं पयोमुचम्। सा सृष्टा बहुधा जाता क्षरमाणा पयोऽमृतम् ॥१३-१२८-१०॥
surabhīṃ sasṛje brahmāmṛtadhenum payomucam। sā sṛṣṭā bahudhā jātā kṣaramāṇā payo'mṛtam ॥13-128-10॥
[सुरभीं (surabhīṃ) - Surabhī (the celestial cow); ससृजे (sasṛje) - created; ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā; अमृतधेनुं (amṛtadhenum) - immortal-cow; पयोमुचम् (payomucam) - milk-giver; सा (sā) - she; सृष्टा (sṛṣṭā) - created; बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways; जाता (jātā) - became; क्षरमाणा (kṣaramāṇā) - flowing; पयः (payaḥ) - milk; अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar;]
(Surabhī (the celestial cow) Brahmā created, the immortal-cow, the milk-giver. She, created, in many ways became, flowing milk, nectar.)
Brahmā created Surabhī, the immortal cow and milk-giver. After being created, she took many forms, flowing with milk and nectar. (13-128-10)
तस्या वत्समुखोत्सृष्टः फेनो मद्गात्रमागतः। ततो दग्धा मया गावो नानावर्णत्वमागताः ॥१३-१२८-११॥
tasyā vatsamukhotsṛṣṭaḥ pheno madgātramāgataḥ। tato dagdhā mayā gāvo nānāvarṇatvamāgatāḥ ॥13-128-11॥
[तस्या (tasyāḥ) - her; of her; वत्समुखोत्सृष्टः (vatsamukhotsṛṣṭaḥ) - calf's mouth (from) released; released from the mouth of the calf; फेनः (phenaḥ) - foam; मद्गात्रम् (madgātram) - my body; आगतः (āgataḥ) - came; reached; ततः (tataḥ) - then; from that; दग्धाः (dagdhāḥ) - burnt; मया (mayā) - by me; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; नानावर्णत्वम् (nānāvarṇatvam) - variety of colours; diversity of colour; आगताः (āgatāḥ) - attained; acquired;]
(Her, from the calf's mouth released, the foam came upon my body. Then, burnt by me, the cows attained diversity of colour.)
The foam released from the calf's mouth fell on my body; then, burned by me, the cows acquired various colours. (13-128-11)
ततोऽहं लोकगुरुणा शमं नीतोऽर्थवेदिना। वृषं चेमं ध्वजार्थं मे ददौ वाहनमेव च ॥१३-१२८-१२॥
tato'haṃ lokaguruṇā śamaṃ nīto'rthavedinā। vṛṣaṃ cemaṃ dhvajārthaṃ me dadau vāhanam-eva ca ॥13-128-12॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अहम् (aham) - I; लोकगुरुणा (lokaguruṇā) - by the teacher of the world; शमम् (śamam) - to tranquility; नीतः (nītaḥ) - led; अर्थवेदिना (arthavedinā) - by the knower of the meaning; वृषम् (vṛṣam) - bull; च (ca) - and; इमम् (imam) - this; ध्वजार्थम् (dhvajārtham) - for the purpose of a banner; मे (me) - to me; ददौ (dadau) - gave; वाहनम् (vāhanam) - vehicle; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Then I, by the teacher of the world, by the knower of the meaning, was led to tranquility. And this bull, for the purpose of a banner, to me he gave, and indeed as a vehicle.)
Then I was led to tranquility by the teacher of the world, the knower of the true purpose. He also gave me this bull as a banner and indeed as my vehicle. (13-128-12)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper noun, name of the goddess); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular perfect of √vac, to speak);]
(Umā said.)
Umā said.
निवासा बहुरूपास्ते विश्वरूपगुणान्विताः। तांश्च सन्त्यज्य भगवञ्श्मशाने रमसे कथम् ॥१३-१२८-१३॥
nivāsā bahurūpās te viśvarūpaguṇānvitāḥ। tāṃś ca santyajya bhagavan śmaśāne ramase katham॥13-128-13॥
[निवासा (nivāsā) - abodes; (nominative plural, masculine); बहुरूपाः (bahurūpāḥ) - of many forms; (nominative plural, masculine); ते (te) - they; (nominative plural); विश्वरूपगुणान्विताः (viśvarūpaguṇānvitāḥ) - endowed with the qualities of universal forms; (nominative plural, masculine); तान् (tān) - those (abodes); (accusative plural, masculine); च (ca) - and; सन्त्यज्य (santyajya) - having completely abandoned; (absolutive/gerund); भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - in the cremation ground; (locative singular); रमसे (ramase) - you delight; (second person singular, present tense, ātmanepada); कथम् (katham) - how;]
(The abodes of many forms, they endowed with the qualities of universal forms; those and having abandoned, O Lord, in the cremation ground you delight, how?)
O Lord, the abodes are of many forms and endowed with universal qualities; having abandoned those, how do you take delight in the cremation ground? (13-128-13)
केशास्थिकलिले भीमे कपालघटसङ्कुले। गृध्रगोमायुकलिले चिताग्निशतसङ्कुले ॥१३-१२८-१४॥
keśāsthikalile bhīme kapālghaṭasaṅkule। gṛdhragomāyukalile citāgniśatasaṅkule ॥13-128-14॥
[केश-अस्थि-कलिले (keśa-asthi-kalile) - in the mire of hair and bones; भीमे (bhīme) - fearful; कपाल-घट-सङ्कुले (kapāla-ghaṭa-saṅkule) - crowded with skulls and pots; गृध्र-गोमायु-कलिले (gṛdhra-gomāyu-kalile) - in the mire of vultures and jackals; चिता-अग्नि-शत-सङ्कुले (citā-agni-śata-saṅkule) - swarming with hundreds of funeral pyres' fires;]
(In the mire of hair and bones, fearful, thronged with skulls and pots; in the mire of vultures and jackals, crowded with hundreds of funeral pyres' fires.)
In the dreadful mire of hair and bones, filled with skulls and vessels; in the mire teeming with vultures and jackals, crowded with fires from a hundred funeral pyres. (13-128-14)
अशुचौ मांसकलिले वसाशोणितकर्दमे। विनिकीर्णामिषचये शिवानादविनादिते ॥१३-१२८-१५॥
aśucau māṃsa-kalile vasā-śoṇita-kardame। vinikīrṇa-āmiṣa-caye śiva-anāda-vināadite ॥13-128-15॥
[अशुचौ (aśucau) - in the impure; मांसकलिले (māṃsa-kalile) - muddy with flesh; वसाशोणितकर्दमे (vasā-śoṇita-kardame) - with fat and blood as the mire; विनिकीर्णामिषचये (vinikīrṇa-āmiṣa-caye) - strewn with heaps of raw meat; शिवानादविनादिते (śivānāda-vināadite) - resounding with the cries of jackals;]
(In the impure, muddy with flesh, with fat and blood as mire, strewn with heaps of raw meat, resounding with the cries of jackals.)
In that unclean place, made muddy by flesh, its mire formed of fat and blood, scattered with heaps of meat, echoing with the howls of jackals. (13-128-15)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great lord said;)
The great lord said;
मेध्यान्वेषी महीं कृत्स्नां विचरामि निशास्वहम्। न च मेध्यतरं किञ्चिच्छ्मशानादिह विद्यते ॥१३-१२८-१६॥
medhyānveṣī mahīṁ kṛtsnāṁ vicarāmi niśāsv aham। na ca medhyataraṁ kiñcit śmaśānād iha vidyate॥13-128-16॥
[मेध्यान्वेषी (medhyānveṣī) - one seeking purity; महीं (mahīm) - earth; कृत्स्नां (kṛtsnām) - entire; विचरामि (vicarāmi) - I wander; निशासु (niśāsu) - in the nights; अहम् (aham) - I; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मेध्यतरम् (medhyataram) - purer; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; श्मशानात् (śmaśānāt) - from the cremation ground; इह (iha) - here; विध्यते (vidyate) - is found;]
(A seeker of purity, the entire earth I wander in the nights, I, and not purer anything than the cremation ground here is found.)
Seeking purity, I wander the entire earth at night, but nothing purer than the cremation ground is found here. (13-128-16)
तेन मे सर्ववासानां श्मशाने रमते मनः। न्यग्रोधशाखासञ्छन्ने निर्भुक्तस्रग्विभूषिते ॥१३-१२८-१७॥
tena me sarvavāsānāṃ śmaśāne ramate manaḥ. nyagrodha-śākhā-sañchannena nirbhukta-srag-vibhūṣite ॥13-128-17॥
[तेन (tena) - by that; मे (me) - my; सर्ववासानां (sarvavāsānāṃ) - of all dwellings; श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - in the cremation ground; रमते (ramate) - delights; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; न्यग्रोधशाखासञ्छन्ने (nyagrodha-śākhā-sañchannena) - covered by banyan tree branches; निर्भुक्तस्रग्विभूषिते (nirbhukta-srag-vibhūṣite) - adorned with discarded garlands;]
(By that, my mind of all dwellings delights in the cremation ground, covered by banyan tree branches, adorned with discarded garlands.)
Therefore, among all places of residence, my mind delights in the cremation ground, which is covered by banyan tree branches and adorned with discarded garlands. (13-128-17)
तत्र चैव रमन्ते मे भूतसङ्घाः शुभानने। न च भूतगणैर्देवि विनाहं वस्तुमुत्सहे ॥१३-१२८-१८॥
tatra caiva ramante me bhūtasaṅghāḥ śubhānane। na ca bhūtagaṇair devi vināhaṃ vastum utsahe॥13-128-18॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; रमन्ते (ramante) - enjoy; (they) take delight; मे (me) - my; भूतसङ्घाः (bhūtasaṅghāḥ) - groups of beings; शुभानने (śubhānane) - O auspicious-faced one; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; भूतगणैः (bhūtagaṇaiḥ) - with hosts of beings; देवि (devi) - O goddess; विना (vinā) - without; अहम् (aham) - I; वस्तुम् (vastum) - to dwell; उत्सहे (utsahe) - am able;]
(There and indeed enjoy my groups of beings, O auspicious-faced one. Not and with hosts of beings, O goddess, without I to dwell am able.)
There indeed my groups of beings are delighted, O auspicious-faced one. And O goddess, I am not able to dwell without the hosts of beings. (13-128-18)
एष वासो हि मे मेध्यः स्वर्गीयश्च मतो हि मे। पुण्यः परमकश्चैव मेध्यकामैरुपास्यते ॥१३-१२८-१९॥
eṣa vāso hi me medhyaḥ svargīyaś ca mato hi me। puṇyaḥ paramakaś caiva medhyakāmair upāsyate॥13-128-19॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; वासः (vāsaḥ) - garment; हि (hi) - indeed; मे (me) - for me; मेध्यः (medhyaḥ) - pure; स्वर्गीयः (svargīyaḥ) - heavenly; च (ca) - and; मतः (mataḥ) - regarded; हि (hi) - indeed; मे (me) - by me; पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - auspicious; परमकः (paramakaḥ) - supreme; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - just; मेध्यकामैः (medhyakāmaiḥ) - by those desiring purity; उपास्यते (upāsyate) - is worshipped;]
(This garment indeed for me is pure, heavenly and regarded indeed by me; auspicious, and just supreme, is worshipped by those desiring purity.)
This garment, regarded by me as pure, heavenly, and auspicious, is considered supreme and is worshipped by those who desire purity. (13-128-19)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā (the goddess Pārvatī); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Umā said.)
Umā said.
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश सर्वधर्मभृतां वर। पिनाकपाणे वरद संशयो मे महानयम् ॥१३-१२८-२०॥
bhagavan sarvabhūteśa sarvadharmabhṛtāṃ vara। pinākapāṇe varada saṃśayo me mahān ayam ॥13-128-20॥
[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; सर्वभूतेश (sarvabhūteśa) - lord of all beings; सर्वधर्मभृतां (sarvadharmabhṛtām) - of all upholders of dharma; वर (vara) - the best; पिनाकपाणे (pinākapāṇe) - O wielder of Pināka (the bow); वरद (varada) - giver of boons; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; मे (me) - my; महा (mahā) - great; अयम् (ayam) - this;]
(O Lord, lord of all beings, best of all upholders of dharma, O wielder of Pināka, giver of boons, my doubt, this great (doubt).)
O Lord, lord of all beings, best of all upholders of dharma, O wielder of Pināka, giver of boons, this is my great doubt. (13-128-20)
अयं मुनिगणः सर्वस्तपस्तप इति प्रभो। तपोन्वेषकरो लोके भ्रमते विविधाकृतिः ॥१३-१२८-२१॥
ayaṃ munigaṇaḥ sarvastapastapa iti prabho. taponveṣakaro loke bhramate vividhākṛtiḥ ॥13-128-21॥
[अयं (ayaṃ) - this; मुनिगणः (munigaṇaḥ) - group of sages; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all; तपस्तप (tapastapa) - penance, penance; इति (iti) - thus; प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord; तपः-अन्वेष-करः (tapaḥ-anveṣa-karaḥ) - one who makes (does) the search for penance; लोके (loke) - in the world; भ्रमते (bhramate) - wanders; विविधाकृतिः (vividhākṛtiḥ) - of various forms;]
(This group of sages, all (of them), "penance, penance," thus, O Lord. The one who makes the search for penance, in the world, wanders, of various forms.)
O Lord, this entire group of sages keeps saying "penance, penance." Seeking penance, they wander the world in various forms. (13-128-21)
अस्य चैवर्षिसङ्घस्य मम च प्रियकाम्यया। एतं ममेह संदेहं वक्तुमर्हस्यरिंदम ॥१३-१२८-२२॥
asya caiva ṛṣi-saṅghasya mama ca priya-kāmyayā। etaṃ mama iha saṃdehaṃ vaktum arhasi ariṃdama ॥13-128-22॥
[अस्य (asya) - of this; च (ca) - and; ऋषिसङ्घस्य (ṛṣi-saṅghasya) - of the assembly of sages; मम (mama) - my; च (ca) - and; प्रियकाम्यया (priya-kāmyayā) - by (the) desire (for what is) dear; एतम् (etam) - this; मम (mama) - my; इह (iha) - here; सन्देहम् (saṃdeham) - doubt; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; अरिंदम (ariṃdama) - O subduer of foes;]
(Of this and indeed of the assembly of sages and by my desire for what is dear, this my doubt here to speak you should, O subduer of foes.)
Because of the desire for what is dear to me and to this assembly of sages, you should explain this doubt of mine here, O subduer of foes. (13-128-22)
धर्मः किंलक्षणः प्रोक्तः कथं वाचरितुं नरैः। शक्यो धर्ममविन्दद्भिर्धर्मज्ञ वद मे प्रभो ॥१३-१२८-२३॥
dharmaḥ kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ proktaḥ kathaṁ vācarituṁ naraiḥ। śakyo dharmam avindadbhiḥ dharmajña vada me prabho॥13-128-23॥
[धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - law; किंलक्षणः (kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ) - of what characteristic; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - has been declared; कथं (kathaṁ) - how; वाचरितुं (vācaritum) - to express in speech; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible; धर्मम् (dharmam) - law; अविन्दद्भिः (avindadbhiḥ) - by those who have discovered; धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - knower of law; वद (vada) - speak; मे (me) - to me; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord;]
(Law of what characteristic has been declared, how to express in speech by men possible, law by those who have discovered, knower of law, speak to me, O lord.)
O knower of law, O lord, tell me: what is the declared characteristic of law, and how can it be expressed in words by those men who have discovered it? (13-128-23)
नारद उवाच॥
nārada uvāca॥
[नारद (nārada) - Nārada; (sage's name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Nārada said;)
Nārada said.
ततो मुनिगणः सर्वस्तां देवीं प्रत्यपूजयत्। वाग्भिरृग्भूषितार्थाभिः स्तवैश्चार्थविदां वर ॥१३-१२८-२४॥
tato munigaṇaḥ sarvas tāṁ devīṁ pratyapūjayat। vāgbhir ṛgbhūṣitārthābhiḥ stavaiś cārthavidāṁ vara ॥13-128-24॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; मुनिगणः (munigaṇaḥ) - group of sages; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all; तां (tāṁ) - her; देवीं (devīṁ) - goddess; प्रत्यपूजयत् (pratyapūjayat) - worshipped; वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words; ऋग्भूषितार्थाभिः (ṛgbhūṣitārthābhiḥ) - with meanings adorned by Ṛg (Vedic) hymns; स्तवैः (stavaiḥ) - with praises; च (ca) - and; अर्थविदां (arthavidām) - of those who know the meanings; वरः (varaḥ) - the best;]
(Then all the group of sages worshipped her, the goddess, with words whose meanings were adorned by Ṛg hymns, and with praises, the best among those who know the meanings.)
Then all the sages worshipped the goddess with words whose meanings were adorned by Ṛg hymns, and with praises, the best among those who understand true meaning. (13-128-24)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]
(Great lord spoke.)
The great lord spoke.
अहिंसा सत्यवचनं सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम्। शमो दानं यथाशक्ति गार्हस्थ्यो धर्म उत्तमः ॥१३-१२८-२५॥
ahiṃsā satyavacanaṃ sarvabhūtānukampanam। śamo dānaṃ yathāśakti gārhasthyo dharma uttamaḥ ॥13-128-25॥
[अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) - non-injury; सत्यवचनं (satyavacanaṃ) - speaking truth; सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम् (sarvabhūtānukampanam) - compassion towards all beings; शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility; दानं (dānaṃ) - charity; यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to ability; गार्हस्थ्यः (gārhasthyaḥ) - householder (life); धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - supreme;]
(Non-injury, speaking truth, compassion towards all beings, tranquility, charity according to ability—the householder duty is supreme.)
Non-injury, speaking truth, compassion towards all living beings, tranquility, charity as able—these are the supreme duties of a householder. (13-128-25)
परदारेष्वसङ्कल्पो न्यासस्त्रीपरिरक्षणम्। अदत्तादानविरमो मधुमांसस्य वर्जनम् ॥१३-१२८-२६॥
paradāreṣv-asaṅkalpo nyāsastrī-parirakṣaṇam। adat-tādāna-viramo madhu-māṁsasya varjanam॥13-128-26॥
[परदारेषु (paradāreṣu) - towards others’ wives; असङ्कल्पः (asaṅkalpaḥ) - absence of thought (intention); न्यासस्त्रीपरिरक्षणम् (nyāsastrī-parirakṣaṇam) - protection of deposited (entrusted) women; अदत्तादानविरमः (adattādāna-viramaḥ) - abstinence from taking what is not given; मधुमांसस्य (madhu-māṁsasya) - of honey and flesh; वर्जनम् (varjanam) - avoidance;]
(Absence of thought towards others’ wives, protection of entrusted women, abstinence from taking what is not given, and avoidance of honey and flesh.)
Not even thinking of others’ wives, protection of women placed in one’s trust, abstaining from taking what is not given, and refraining from honey and flesh. (13-128-26)
एष पञ्चविधो धर्मो बहुशाखः सुखोदयः। देहिभिर्धर्मपरमैः कर्तव्यो धर्मसञ्चयः ॥१३-१२८-२७॥
eṣa pañcavidho dharmo bahuśākhaḥ sukhodayaḥ। dehibhir dharmaparamaiḥ kartavyo dharmasañcayaḥ॥13-128-27॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; पञ्चविधः (pañca-vidhaḥ) - having five kinds; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; बहुशाखः (bahu-śākhaḥ) - having many branches; सुखोदयः (sukha-udayaḥ) - origin of happiness; देहिभिः (dehibhiḥ) - by embodied beings; धर्मपरमैः (dharma-paramaiḥ) - by those most devoted to dharma; कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done; धर्मसञ्चयः (dharma-saṃcayaḥ) - accumulation of dharma;]
(This fivefold dharma, having many branches, origin of happiness; by embodied beings most devoted to dharma should be done the accumulation of dharma.)
This fivefold dharma, with its many branches and as the source of happiness, should be practiced by embodied beings who are most devoted to dharma; accumulation of dharma should be pursued. (13-128-27)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (a proper name, the goddess Umā/Parvatī; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
भगवन्संशयं पृष्टस्तं मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि। चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य यो धर्मः स्वे स्वे वर्णे गुणावहः ॥१३-१२८-२८॥
bhagavan saṁśayaṁ pṛṣṭas taṁ me vyākhyātum arhasi. cāturvarṇyasya yo dharmaḥ sve sve varṇe guṇāvahaḥ ॥13-128-28॥
[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; तम् (tam) - that; मे (me) - by me; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought; चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four varṇas; यः (yaḥ) - which; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; स्वे स्वे (sve sve) - in each one's own; वर्णे (varṇe) - in varṇa; गुणावहः (guṇāvahaḥ) - bearing virtues;]
(O Lord, the doubt asked that by me to explain you ought. Of the four varṇas, which duty in each one's own varṇa bearing virtues.)
O Lord, you ought to explain to me the doubt which I have asked: what is the virtue-bearing duty of each of the four varṇas in their respective orders? (13-128-28)
ब्राह्मणे कीदृशो धर्मः क्षत्रिये कीदृशो भवेत्। वैश्ये किंलक्षणो धर्मः शूद्रे किंलक्षणो भवेत् ॥१३-१२८-२९॥
brāhmaṇe kīdṛśo dharmaḥ kṣatriye kīdṛśo bhavet। vaiśye kiṁlakṣaṇo dharmaḥ śūdre kiṁlakṣaṇo bhavet॥13-128-29॥
[ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - in a Brāhmaṇa; कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - in a Kṣatriya; कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in a Vaiśya; किंलक्षणः (kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ) - of what nature; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; शूद्रे (śūdre) - in a Śūdra; किंलक्षणः (kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ) - of what nature; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(In a Brāhmaṇa, of what kind is dharma; in a Kṣatriya, of what kind should it be? In a Vaiśya, of what nature is dharma; in a Śūdra, of what nature should it be? (13-128-29))
What is the nature of dharma for a Brāhmaṇa? What should dharma be for a Kṣatriya? What is the characteristic of dharma for a Vaiśya, and what should it be for a Śūdra? (13-128-29)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great lord said;)
The great lord said.
न्यायतस्ते महाभागे संशयः समुदीरितः। भूमिदेवा महाभागाः सदा लोके द्विजातयः ॥१३-१२८-३०॥
nyāyataste mahābhāge saṃśayaḥ samudīritaḥ। bhūmidevā mahābhāgāḥ sadā loke dvijātayaḥ ॥13-128-30॥
[न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - according to justice; according to reason; ते (te) - to you; महाभागे (mahābhāge) - O greatly fortunate; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; समुदीरितः (samudīritaḥ) - has been spoken; has been stated; भूमिदेवा (bhūmidevā) - gods among men; महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate; distinguished; सदा (sadā) - always; लोके (loke) - in the world; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas);]
(According to justice, to you, O greatly fortunate, the doubt has been stated. Gods among men, greatly fortunate, always in the world, the twice-born (are so).)
O greatly fortunate one, your doubt has been stated according to justice. The twice-born are always regarded as gods among men and are greatly fortunate in the world. (13-128-30)
उपवासः सदा धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य न संशयः। स हि धर्मार्थमुत्पन्नो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥१३-१२८-३१॥
upavāsaḥ sadā dharmo brāhmaṇasya na saṃśayaḥ। sa hi dharmārtham utpanno brahmabhūyāya kalpate॥13-128-31॥
[उपवासः (upavāsaḥ) - fasting; सदा (sadā) - always; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; सः (saḥ) - he; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the purpose of dharma; उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - arisen; ब्रह्मभूयाय (brahmabhūyāya) - for the state of Brahman; कल्पते (kalpate) - is suitable;]
(Fasting always is the duty of a brāhmaṇa, not (is there) doubt. He indeed, arisen for the purpose of dharma, is suitable for the state of Brahman. (13-128-31))
Fasting is always the duty of a brāhmaṇa, without any doubt. For, he who undertakes it for the sake of dharma becomes fit for attaining the state of Brahman. (13-128-31)
तस्य धर्मक्रिया देवि व्रतचर्या च न्यायतः। तथोपनयनं चैव द्विजायैवोपपद्यते ॥१३-१२८-३२॥
tasya dharmakriyā devi vratacaryā ca nyāyataḥ। tathopayananaṃ caiva dvijāyaivopapadyate॥13-128-32॥
[तस्य (tasya) - his; धर्मक्रिया (dharmakriyā) - action of dharma; देवि (devi) - O Goddess; व्रतचर्या (vratacaryā) - observance of vows; च (ca) - and; न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - according to rule; तथोपनयनं (tathopanayanaṃ) - so also initiation (upanayana); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; द्विजाय (dvijāya) - for a twice-born (brahmin, kṣatriya, or vaiśya); एव (eva) - only; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is appropriate (is applicable);]
(His dharma-acts, O Goddess, and observance of vows, according to rule; so also initiation, and indeed, only for a twice-born is (it) appropriate.)
O Goddess, his acts of piety and the observance of vows, according to the rules, as well as initiation, are proper only for a twice-born. (13-128-32)
गुरुदैवतपूजार्थं स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनात्मकः। देहिभिर्धर्मपरमैश्चर्तव्यो धर्मसम्भवः ॥१३-१२८-३३॥
gurudaivatapūjārthaṁ svādhyāyābhyasanātmakaḥ। dehibhirdharmaparamaiścartavyo dharmasambhavaḥ ॥13-128-33॥
[गुरुदैवतपूजार्थं (gurudaivatapūjārtham) - for the purpose of worship of guru and deity; स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनात्मकः (svādhyāyābhyasanātmakaḥ) - consisting of the practice of self-study; देहिभिः (dehibhiḥ) - by embodied beings; धर्मपरमैः (dharmaparamaiḥ) - by those who are supremely devoted to dharma; चर्तव्यो (cartavyaḥ) - to be practiced; धर्मसम्भवः (dharmasambhavaḥ) - originating from dharma;]
(For the purpose of worship of guru and deity, consisting of the practice of self-study, by embodied beings who are supremely devoted to dharma, the one originating from dharma is to be practiced.)
The observance that originates from dharma, intended for the worship of guru and deity and characterized by the practice of self-study, should be performed by embodied beings who are supremely devoted to dharma. (13-128-33)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]
(Umā spoke;)
Umā said;
भगवन्संशयो मेऽत्र तं मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि। चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्मं हि नैपुण्येन प्रकीर्तय ॥१३-१२८-३४॥
bhagavan saṃśayo me 'tra taṃ me vyākhyātum arhasi। cāturvarṇyasya dharmaṃ hi naipuṇyena prakīrtaya॥13-128-34॥
[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; मे (me) - of me; my; अत्र (atra) - here; तम् (tam) - that; मे (me) - for me; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should; चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the fourfold varṇa (social order); धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - duty; law; हि (hi) - indeed; नैपुण्येन (naipuṇyena) - with skill; प्रकीर्तय (prakīrtaya) - describe; proclaim;]
(O Lord, doubt of me here, that for me to explain you should. Of the fourfold varṇa's dharma indeed with skill describe.)
O Lord, I have a doubt here; please explain that to me. Kindly set forth with skill the dharma of the fourfold varṇa. (13-128-34)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Great lord said;)
The great lord said.
रहस्यश्रवणं धर्मो वेदव्रतनिषेवणम्। व्रतचर्यापरो धर्मो गुरुपादप्रसादनम् ॥१३-१२८-३५॥
rahasyaśravaṇaṃ dharmo vedavrataaniṣevaṇam। vratacaryāparo dharmo gurupādaprasādanam ॥13-128-35॥
[रहस्यश्रवणम् (rahasyaśravaṇam) - hearing of secret (sacred) teachings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous duty; वेदव्रतनिषेवणम् (vedavratanīṣevaṇam) - service of Vedic vows; व्रतचर्यापरः (vratacaryāparaḥ) - dedicated to observance of vows; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous duty; गुरुपादप्रसादनम् (gurupādaprasādanam) - pleasing the teacher's feet;]
(Hearing of secret teachings is duty, service of Vedic vows; dedication to observance of vows is duty, pleasing the teacher's feet.)
Hearing sacred teachings, serving Vedic vows, dedication to the practice of vows, and pleasing the teacher’s feet—these are duties. (13-128-35)
भैक्षचर्यापरो धर्मो धर्मो नित्योपवासिता। नित्यस्वाध्यायिता धर्मो ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमस्तथा ॥१३-१२८-३६॥
bhaikṣacaryāparo dharmo dharmo nityopavāsitā। nityasvādhyāyitā dharmo brahmacaryāśramas tathā ॥13-128-36॥
[भैक्षचर्यापरः (bhaikṣacaryāparaḥ) - one who is devoted to mendicancy; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; नित्योपवासिता (nityopavāsitā) - one who always practices fasting; नित्यस्वाध्यायिता (nityasvādhyāyitā) - one who always practices self-study; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः (brahmacaryāśramaḥ) - the stage of life of brahmacarya; तथा (tathā) - similarly;]
(One who is devoted to mendicancy is duty, duty is one who always practices fasting. One who always practices self-study is duty, and the stage of life of brahmacarya is similarly (duty).)
Devotion to mendicancy is duty, constant fasting is duty, constant self-study is duty, and so too is the stage of brahmacarya. (13-128-36)
गुरुणा त्वभ्यनुज्ञातः समावर्तेत वै द्विजः। विन्देतानन्तरं भार्यामनुरूपां यथाविधि ॥१३-१२८-३७॥
guruṇā tv abhyanujñātaḥ samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ। vindetānantaraṃ bhāryām anurūpāṃ yathāvidhi ॥13-128-37॥
[गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher; त्व् (tv) - but; अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - having been permitted; समावर्तेत् (samāvarteta) - should return (after completing education); वै (vai) - indeed; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (student); विन्देत् (vindet) - should obtain; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - thereafter; भार्याम् (bhāryām) - a wife; अनुरूपाम् (anurūpām) - suitable; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule;]
(By the teacher but having been permitted, should return indeed the twice-born; should obtain thereafter a wife suitable according to rule.)
Having been permitted by the teacher, the twice-born should indeed return (home); thereafter, he should obtain a suitable wife according to rule. (13-128-37)
शूद्रान्नवर्जनं धर्मस्तथा सत्पथसेवनम्। धर्मो नित्योपवासित्वं ब्रह्मचर्यं तथैव च ॥१३-१२८-३८॥
śūdrānna-varjanaṁ dharmaḥ tathā sat-patha-sevanam। dharmo nityopavāsitvaṁ brahmacaryaṁ tathaiva ca ॥13-128-38॥
[शूद्रान्नवर्जनम् (śūdrānna-varjanam) - abstaining from śūdra’s food; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; तथा (tathā) - likewise; सत्पथसेवनम् (sat-patha-sevanam) - following the good path; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; नित्योपवासित्वम् (nityopavāsitvam) - constant observance of fasting; ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; च (ca) - and;]
(Abstaining from śūdra’s food is duty, likewise following the good path. Duty is constant observance of fasting, celibacy just so and.)
Abstaining from food prepared by a śūdra is a duty, as is following a righteous path; also, constantly observing fasts and practicing celibacy are equally duties. (13-128-38)
आहिताग्निरधीयानो जुह्वानः संयतेन्द्रियः। विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थः सत्यवाक्षुचिः ॥१३-१२८-३९॥
āhitāgnir adhīyānaḥ juhvānaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ। vighasāśī yatāhāro gṛhasthaḥ satyavāk śuciḥ॥13-128-39॥
[आहिताग्निः (āhitāgniḥ) - one who has established the sacred fires; अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - studying (the Veda); जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering (oblations); संयतेन्द्रियः (saṃyatendriyaḥ) - with controlled senses; विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - eating (only) remnants; यताहारः (yatāhāraḥ) - with regulated food; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - speaking truth; शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure;]
(One who has established the sacred fires, studying, offering (oblations), with controlled senses, eating remnants, with regulated food, householder, speaking truth, pure.)
A householder who has established the sacred fires, studies, offers oblations, controls his senses, eats remnants, regulates his food, speaks the truth, and is pure. (13-128-39)
अतिथिव्रतता धर्मो धर्मस्त्रेताग्निधारणम्। इष्टीश्च पशुबन्धांश्च विधिपूर्वं समाचरेत् ॥१३-१२८-४०॥
atithivratatā dharmo dharmastretāgnidhāranam। iṣṭīśca paśubandhāṁśca vidhipūrvaṁ samācaret ॥13-128-40॥
[अतिथिव्रतता (atithivratatā) - the observance of the guest ritual; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - is duty; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; त्रेताग्निधारणम् (tretāgnidhāraṇam) - maintenance of the three sacred fires; इष्टीः (iṣṭīḥ) - oblations; च (ca) - and; पशुबन्धान् (paśubandhān) - animal sacrifices; च (ca) - and; विधिपूर्वम् (vidhipūrvam) - in accordance with prescribed rites; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should perform;]
(The observance of the guest ritual is duty; the maintenance of the three sacred fires, oblations and animal sacrifices also, in accordance with prescribed rites, one should perform.)
One should perform the observance of the guest ritual, the maintenance of the three sacred fires, oblations, and animal sacrifices according to prescribed rites; this is duty. (13-128-40)
यज्ञश्च परमो धर्मस्तथाहिंसा च देहिषु। अपूर्वभोजनं धर्मो विघसाशित्वमेव च ॥१३-१२८-४१॥
yajñaś ca paramo dharmas tathā hiṁsā ca dehiṣu. apūrvabhojanaṁ dharmo vighasāśitvam eva ca ॥13-128-41॥
[यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; च (ca) - and; परमः (paramaḥ) - highest; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; तथा (tathā) - also; अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-injury; च (ca) - and; देहिषु (dehiṣu) - in embodied beings; अपूर्वभोजनम् (apūrvabhojanam) - obtaining unprecedented food; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - is duty; विघसाशित्वम् (vighasāśitvam) - consumption of remnants; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Sacrifice and the highest duty, also non-injury among embodied beings. Obtaining unprecedented food is duty, and indeed eating leftovers also.)
Sacrifice is the highest duty, as is non-injury to embodied beings. Receiving unprecedented food is duty, and so too is eating remnants. (13-128-41)
भुक्ते परिजने पश्चाद्भोजनं धर्म उच्यते। ब्राह्मणस्य गृहस्थस्य श्रोत्रियस्य विशेषतः ॥१३-१२८-४२॥
bhukte parijane paścādbhojanaṃ dharma ucyate. brāhmaṇasya gṛhasthasya śrotriyasya viśeṣataḥ ॥13-128-42॥
[भुक्ते (bhukte) - (when) having eaten; परिजने (parijane) - (by) dependents; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; भोजनं (bhojanam) - eating; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - merit; righteousness; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brāhmaṇa; गृहस्थस्य (gṛhasthasya) - of a householder; श्रोत्रियस्य (śrotriyasya) - of a Vedic scholar; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially;]
(When the dependents have eaten, after that eating is called merit, especially for a Brāhmaṇa, a householder, (or) a Vedic scholar.)
It is said to be righteous for a Brāhmaṇa, householder, or Vedic scholar to eat only after the dependents have eaten. (13-128-42)
दम्पत्योः समशीलत्वं धर्मश्च गृहमेधिनाम्। गृह्याणां चैव देवानां नित्यं पुष्पबलिक्रिया ॥१३-१२८-४३॥
dampatyoḥ samaśīlatvaṃ dharmaś ca gṛhamedhinām। gṛhyāṇāṃ caiva devānāṃ nityaṃ puṣpabalikriyā ॥13-128-43॥
[दम्पत्योः (dampatyoḥ) - of the husband and wife; समशीलत्वं (samaśīlatvaṃ) - having similar disposition; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; गृहमेधिनाम् (gṛhamedhinām) - of householders; गृह्याणां (gṛhyāṇāṃ) - of the household rites; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; पुष्पबलिक्रिया (puṣpabalikriyā) - the act of offering flowers and oblations;]
(Of the husband and wife, having similar disposition is righteousness; and of householders, indeed, of the household rites and of the gods, always, the act of offering flowers and oblations.)
For husband and wife, having similar disposition is their righteousness; and for householders, the regular offering of flowers and oblations as household and divine rites should always be performed. (13-128-43)
नित्योपलेपनं धर्मस्तथा नित्योपवासिता। सुसंमृष्टोपलिप्ते च साज्यधूमोद्गमे गृहे ॥१३-१२८-४४॥
nityopalepanaṃ dharmas tathā nityopavāsitā। susaṃmṛṣṭopalipte ca sājya-dhūmodgame gṛhe ॥13-128-44॥
[नित्योपलेपनम् (nityopalepanam) - constant-anointing; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - is law; तथा (tathā) - likewise; नित्योपवासिता (nityopavāsitā) - constant-fasting; सुसंमृष्टोपलिप्ते (susaṃmṛṣṭopalipte) - well-cleaned-and-smeared; च (ca) - and; साज्यधूमोद्गमे (sājya-dhūmodgame) - with-ghee-smoke-arising; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house;]
(Constant anointing is law; likewise constant fasting; and in the well-cleaned and smeared, with ghee-smoke arising, in the house.)
Constant application (of sacred substances) is a duty, as is regular fasting; and in a house that is well-cleaned, well-smeared, and where the smoke from ghee rises, (righteousness abides). (13-128-44)
एष द्विजजने धर्मो गार्हस्थ्यो लोकधारणः। द्विजातीनां सतां नित्यं सदैवैष प्रवर्तते ॥१३-१२८-४५॥
eṣa dvijajane dharmo gārhasthyo lokadhāraṇaḥ। dvijātīnāṃ satāṃ nityaṃ sadaiva eṣa pravartate ॥13-128-45॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; द्विजजने (dvijajane) - in the twice-born man; धर्मो (dharmo) - duty; गार्हस्थ्यो (gārhasthyo) - of the householder; लोकधारणः (lokadhāraṇaḥ) - support of the world; द्विजातीनां (dvijātīnām) - of the twice-born; सतां (satām) - of the good; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; सदैव (sadaiva) - at all times; एष (eṣa) - this; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - operates;]
(This in the twice-born man is the duty of the householder, the support of the world. Of the twice-born, of the good, always, at all times, this operates.)
This householder's duty is the support of the world among the twice-born; for the good among the twice-born, this always operates without exception. (13-128-45)
यस्तु क्षत्रगतो देवि त्वया धर्म उदीरितः। तमहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि तं मे शृणु समाहिता ॥१३-१२८-४६॥
yastu kṣatragato devi tvayā dharma udīritaḥ। tamahaṃ te pravakṣyāmi taṃ me śṛṇu samāhitā ॥13-128-46॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; क्षत्रगतः (kṣatragataḥ) - pertaining to the kṣatriya class; देवि (devi) - O Goddess; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; उदीरितः (udīritaḥ) - declared; तम् (tam) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; ते (te) - to you; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - shall explain; तम् (tam) - that; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; समाहिताः (samāhitā) - attentive one;]
(Who but pertaining to the kṣatriya class, O Goddess, by you righteousness declared; that I to you shall explain; that to me listen, attentive one.)
O Goddess, the dharma relating to the kṣatriya class that has been declared by you, that I shall explain to you; listen to me attentively to that. (13-128-46)
क्षत्रियस्य स्मृतो धर्मः प्रजापालनमादितः। निर्दिष्टफलभोक्ता हि राजा धर्मेण युज्यते ॥१३-१२८-४७॥
kṣatriyasya smṛto dharmaḥ prajāpālanam āditaḥ। nirdiṣṭaphalabhoktā hi rājā dharmeṇa yujyate॥13-128-47॥
[क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of the kṣatriya; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is regarded; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; प्रजापालनम् (prajāpālanam) - protection of subjects; आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning; निर्दिष्टफलभोक्ता (nirdiṣṭaphalabhoktā) - enjoyer of the designated results; हि (hi) - indeed; राजा (rājā) - king; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; युज्यते (yujyate) - is engaged;]
(Of the kṣatriya is regarded duty protection of subjects from the beginning. Enjoyer of the designated results indeed king by righteousness is engaged. (13-128-47))
The duty of a kṣatriya is regarded as the protection of the people from the beginning. The king, who indeed enjoys the designated results, is engaged in righteousness. (13-128-47)
प्रजाः पालयते यो हि धर्मेण मनुजाधिपः। तस्य धर्मार्जिता लोकाः प्रजापालनसञ्चिताः ॥१३-१२८-४८॥
prajāḥ pālayate yo hi dharmeṇa manujādhipaḥ। tasya dharmārjitā lokāḥ prajāpālanasañcitāḥ ॥13-128-48॥
[प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; पालयते (pālayate) - protects; यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; मनुजाधिपः (manujādhipaḥ) - king (lord of men); तस्य (tasya) - his; धर्मार्जिता (dharmārjitāḥ) - acquired by righteousness; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; प्रजापालनसञ्चिताः (prajāpālanasañcitāḥ) - accumulated from the protection of subjects;]
(Subjects protects who indeed by righteousness king; his acquired by righteousness worlds accumulated from the protection of subjects.)
The king who indeed protects subjects by righteousness, for him the worlds acquired by righteousness are accumulated from the protection of his subjects. (13-128-48)
तत्र राज्ञः परो धर्मो दमः स्वाध्याय एव च। अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च ॥१३-१२८-४९॥
tatra rājñaḥ paro dharmo damaḥ svādhyāya eva ca। agnihotraparispando dānādhyayanam eva ca॥13-128-49॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; परः (paraḥ) - supreme; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; स्वाध्याय (svādhyāya) - self-study; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दः (agnihotraparispandaḥ) - the regular performance of agnihotra; दानाध्ययनम् (dānādhyayanam) - gift and study; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(There, for the king, the supreme duty is self-restraint, indeed self-study and also the regular performance of agnihotra, gift and study indeed and also.)
There, for the king, the highest duty is self-control, study, the constant performance of the agnihotra, and the giving of gifts and study. (13-128-49)
यज्ञोपवीतधारणं यज्ञो धर्मक्रियास्तथा। भृत्यानां भरणं धर्मः कृते कर्मण्यमोघता ॥१३-१२८-५०॥
yajñopavītadhāraṇaṃ yajño dharmakriyāstathā। bhṛtyānāṃ bharaṇaṃ dharmaḥ kṛte karmaṇyamoghatā ॥13-128-50॥
[यज्ञोपवीतधारणम् (yajñopavītadhāraṇam) - wearing the sacred thread; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice (rite); धर्मक्रियाः (dharmakriyāḥ) - acts of righteousness; तथा (tathā) - similarly; भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of servants; भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; कृते (kṛte) - in (the) Kṛta (age); कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; अमोघता (amoghatā) - infallibility;]
(Wearing the sacred thread, sacrifice, acts of righteousness likewise, maintenance of servants (is) duty. In the Kṛta age, in action, (there is) infallibility.)
Wearing the sacred thread, performance of sacrifice, and acts of righteousness, as well as supporting one's servants, are all duties. In the Kṛta age, actions were always effective. (13-128-50)
सम्यग्दण्डे स्थितिर्धर्मो धर्मो वेदक्रतुक्रियाः। व्यवहारस्थितिर्धर्मः सत्यवाक्यरतिस्तथा ॥१३-१२८-५१॥
samyagdaṇḍe sthitir dharmo dharmo vedakratu-kriyāḥ| vyavahāra-sthitir dharmaḥ satyavākya-ratis tathā ॥13-128-51॥
[सम्यक्-दण्डे (samyag-daṇḍe) - in proper punishment; स्थिति: (sthitiḥ) - establishment; धर्म: (dharmaḥ) - dharma; धर्म: (dharmaḥ) - dharma; वेद-क्रतु-क्रियाः (veda-kratu-kriyāḥ) - ritual acts of Veda and sacrifices; व्यवहार-स्थिति: (vyavahāra-sthitiḥ) - establishment of conduct; धर्म: (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सत्य-वाक्य-रतिः (satya-vākya-ratiḥ) - delight in truth-speaking; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(In proper punishment, establishment is dharma; dharma is the ritual acts of Veda and sacrifices; establishment of conduct is dharma; delight in truth-speaking likewise.)
The establishment of proper punishment is dharma; dharma also consists of performing rituals of the Veda and sacrifices, the maintenance of correct conduct, and delight in truthful speech. (13-128-51)
आर्तहस्तप्रदो राजा प्रेत्य चेह महीयते। गोब्राह्मणार्थे विक्रान्तः सङ्ग्रामे निधनं गतः ॥ अश्वमेधजिताँल्लोकान्प्राप्नोति त्रिदिवालये ॥१३-१२८-५२॥
ārtahastaprado rājā pretya ceha mahīyate। gobrāhmaṇārthe vikrāntaḥ saṅgrāme nidhanaṃ gataḥ॥ aśvamedhajitāṃllokānprāpnoti trivalaye॥13-128-52॥
[आर्तहस्तप्रदः (ārtahastapradaḥ) - one who gives to the distressed when they ask; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after passing away; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored; गोब्राह्मणार्थे (gobrāhmaṇārthe) - for the sake of cows and Brāhmaṇas; विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; निधनम् (nidhanaṃ) - death; गतः (gataḥ) - having gone; अश्वमेधजितान् (aśvamedhajitān) - won by performers of horse-sacrifice; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; त्रिदिवालये (tridivalaye) - in the abode of heaven;]
(The king who gives to the distressed when they ask, after passing away and here is honored. For the sake of cows and Brāhmaṇas, the valorous one having gone to death in battle, attains the worlds won by performers of the horse-sacrifice in the abode of heaven.)
A king who gives to the distressed on request is honored both here and after death. One who is valorous in battle and dies fighting for the sake of cows and Brāhmaṇas attains in heaven those worlds achieved by performers of the horse-sacrifice. (13-128-52)
वैश्यस्य सततं धर्मः पाशुपाल्यं कृषिस्तथा। अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च ॥१३-१२८-५३॥
vaiśyasya satataṃ dharmaḥ pāśupālyaṃ kṛṣis tathā। agnihotraparispando dānādhyayanam eva ca ॥13-128-53॥
[वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the vaiśya; सततं (satataṃ) - always; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; पाशुपाल्यं (pāśupālyaṃ) - animal husbandry; कृषि: (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture; तथा (tathā) - also; अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दः (agnihotraparispandaḥ) - attendance upon the agnihotra (sacrificial fire); दानाध्ययनम् (dānādhyayanam) - gift and study; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Of the vaiśya always duty animal husbandry agriculture also attendance upon the agnihotra gift and study indeed and)
The perpetual duties of the Vaiśya are animal husbandry, agriculture, tending to the agnihotra, and giving and studying. (13-128-53)
वाणिज्यं सत्पथस्थानमातिथ्यं प्रशमो दमः। विप्राणां स्वागतं त्यागो वैश्यधर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-१२८-५४॥
vāṇijyaṃ satpathasthānam-ātithyaṃ praśamaḥ damaḥ। viprāṇāṃ svāgataṃ tyāgo vaiśyadharmaḥ sanātanaḥ॥13-128-54॥
[वाणिज्यं (vāṇijyaṃ) - trade; सत्पथस्थानम् (satpathasthānam) - abiding in the right path; आतिथ्यम् (ātithyam) - hospitality; प्रशमः (praśamaḥ) - calmness; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; विप्राणां (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcoming; त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - giving (up); वैश्यधर्मः (vaiśyadharmaḥ) - the duty of the Vaiśya; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(Trade, abiding in the right path, hospitality, calmness, self-restraint, welcoming of the Brāhmaṇas, giving, are the eternal duty of the Vaiśya.)
Trade, following the right path, hospitality, calmness, self-restraint, welcoming Brāhmaṇas, and generosity are the eternal duties of a Vaiśya. (13-128-54)
तिलान्गन्धान्रसांश्चैव न विक्रीणीत वै क्वचित्। वणिक्पथमुपासीनो वैश्यः सत्पथमाश्रितः ॥१३-१२८-५५॥
tilāngandhān rasāṃś caiva na vikrīṇīta vai kvacit. vaṇik-patham upāsīno vaiśyaḥ sat-patham āśritaḥ ॥13-128-55॥
[तिलान् (tilān) - sesame seeds; गन्धान् (gandhān) - aromatic substances; रसान् (rasān) - juices; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; विक्रीणीत (vikrīṇīta) - should sell; वै (vai) - truly; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; वणिक्पथमुपासीनः (vaṇik-patham upāsīnaḥ) - settled on the merchant's path; वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - vaiśya; सत्पथम् (sat-patham) - right/virtuous path; आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - who has resorted to;]
(Sesame seeds, aromatic substances, juices also indeed should not (he) sell anywhere. The vaiśya, settled on the trader's path, who follows the virtuous path.)
A vaiśya who follows the virtuous path and is engaged in trade should never sell sesame seeds, aromatic substances, or juices anywhere. (13-128-55)
सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति यथार्हतः। शूद्रधर्मः परो नित्यं शुश्रूषा च द्विजातिषु ॥१३-१२८-५६॥
sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya yathāśakti yathārhataḥ। śūdradharmaḥ paro nityaṃ śuśrūṣā ca dvijātiṣu ॥13-128-56॥
[सर्वातिथ्यं (sarvātithyam) - complete hospitality; त्रिवर्गस्य (trivargasya) - of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to ability; यथार्हतः (yathārhataḥ) - according to worthiness; शूद्रधर्मः (śūdradharmaḥ) - the duty of a Śūdra; परः (paraḥ) - supreme; नित्यं (nityam) - always; शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) - service; च (ca) - and; द्विजातिषु (dvijātiṣu) - among the twice-born;]
(Complete hospitality towards the three aims of life according to ability and worthiness; the duty of a Śūdra is supreme—always service also among the twice-born.)
Hospitality in regard to the three aims of life, as able and as appropriate, is to be observed; but the foremost duty of a Śūdra is always service to the twice-born. (13-128-56)
स शूद्रः संशिततपाः सत्यसन्धो जितेन्द्रियः। शुश्रूषन्नतिथिं प्राप्तं तपः सञ्चिनुते महत् ॥१३-१२८-५७॥
sa śūdraḥ saṃśitatapāḥ satyasandho jitendriyaḥ। śuśrūṣan-atithiṃ prāptaṃ tapaḥ sañcinute mahat ॥13-128-57॥
[स (sa) - he; शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - Śūdra; (a member of the fourth varṇa;) संशिततपाः (saṃśitatapāḥ) - firm in austerity; (having intense penance;) सत्यसन्धः (satyasandhaḥ) - truthful; (one devoted to truth;) जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - having conquered the senses; (self-restrained;) शुश्रूषन् (śuśrūṣan) - serving; (attending upon;) अतिथिम् (atithim) - guest; (an unexpected visitor;) प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - who has arrived; (attained;) तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; (penance;) सञ्चिनुते (sañcinute) - he accumulates; (collects; gathers;) महत् (mahat) - great; (immense; outstanding;]
(He, the Śūdra, firm in austerity, truthful, self-restrained, serving the guest who has arrived, accumulates great austerity.)
That Śūdra who is steadfast in austerity, speaks the truth, controls his senses, and serves a guest who has come attains great merit through his austerity. (13-128-57)
त्यक्तहिंसः शुभाचारो देवताद्विजपूजकः। शूद्रो धर्मफलैरिष्टैः सम्प्रयुज्येत बुद्धिमान् ॥१३-१२८-५८॥
tyaktahiṁsaḥ śubhācāro devatādvijapūjakaḥ। śūdro dharmaphalairiṣṭaiḥ samprayujyeta buddhimān ॥13-128-58॥
[त्यक्तहिंसः (tyaktahiṁsaḥ) - who has abandoned violence; शुभाचारः (śubhācāraḥ) - of auspicious conduct; देवताद्विजपूजकः (devatādvijapūjakaḥ) - worshipper of gods and twice-born; शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Shudra; धर्मफलैः (dharmaphalaiḥ) - with the fruits of righteousness; इष्टैः (iṣṭaiḥ) - desired; सम्प्रयुज्येत (samprayujyeta) - might be united with; बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - one who is wise;]
(Who has abandoned violence, of auspicious conduct, worshipper of gods and twice-born, a Shudra, with the fruits of righteousness, desired, might be united with, one who is wise.)
A wise Shudra who has abandoned violence, possesses auspicious conduct, and worships the gods and the twice-born, may obtain the desired fruits of righteousness. (13-128-58)
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य शोभने। एकैकस्येह सुभगे किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-१२८-५९॥
etat te sarvam ākhyātam cāturvarṇyasya śobhane। ekaikasya iha subhage kim anyat śrotum icchasi ॥13-128-59॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four classes; शोभने (śobhane) - O beautiful one; एकैकस्य (ekaikasya) - of each one individually; इह (iha) - here; सुभगे (subhage) - O fortunate one; किम् (kim) - what; अन्यत् (anyat) - else; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - do you wish;]
(This to you all has been told of the four classes, O beautiful one. Of each one here, O fortunate one, what else to hear do you wish?)
O beautiful one, all this concerning the four classes has been told to you. O fortunate one, is there anything else about each one that you wish to hear? (13-128-59)
