13.129
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper name of the goddess Parvati); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
उक्तास्त्वया पृथग्धर्माश्चातुर्वर्ण्यहिताः शुभाः। सर्वव्यापी तु यो धर्मो भगवंस्तं ब्रवीहि मे ॥१३-१२९-१॥
uktās tvayā pṛthag dharmāś cāturvarṇya-hitāḥ śubhāḥ। sarvavyāpī tu yaḥ dharmo bhagavan taṃ bravīhi me ॥13-129-1॥
[उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken; said; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - virtues; laws; चातुर्वर्ण्यहिताः (cāturvarṇya-hitāḥ) - beneficial to the four varṇas; शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious; सर्वव्यापी (sarvavyāpī) - all-pervading; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - which; who; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; law; भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one; तं (taṃ) - that; ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - declare; speak; मे (me) - to me;]
(Spoken by you separately virtues beneficial to the four varṇas, auspicious; but the all-pervading dharma which O revered one, declare that to me.)
You have spoken of the various auspicious virtues beneficial for the four varṇas; but, O revered one, speak to me of that all-pervading dharma. (13-129-1)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - Great Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Great Lord said.)
The Great Lord said.
ब्राह्मणा लोकसारेण सृष्टा धात्रा गुणार्थिना। लोकांस्तारयितुं कृत्स्नान्मर्त्येषु क्षितिदेवताः ॥१३-१२९-२॥
brāhmaṇā lokasāreṇa sṛṣṭā dhātrā guṇārthinā। lokāṃstārayituṃ kṛtsnān martyeṣu kṣitidevatāḥ॥13-129-2॥
[ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; लोकसारेण (lokasāreṇa) - by the essence of the people; सृष्टा (sṛṣṭāḥ) - (they were) created; धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator; गुणार्थिना (guṇārthinā) - desiring qualities (virtues); लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; तारयितुम् (tārayitum) - to carry across; कृत्स्नान् (kṛtsnān) - all; मर्त्येषु (martyeṣu) - among mortals; क्षितिदेवताः (kṣitidevatāḥ) - earthly deities; ॥१३-१२९-२॥ (13-129-2) - ;]
(Brāhmaṇas by the essence of the people (were) created by the Creator desiring virtues, the earthly deities among mortals, to carry across all the worlds.)
Brāhmaṇas, formed from the essence of the people by the Creator seeking virtue, are the earthly deities among mortals, meant to bring all the worlds across. (13-129-2)
तेषामिमं प्रवक्ष्यामि धर्मकर्मफलोदयम्। ब्राह्मणेषु हि यो धर्मः स धर्मः परमो मतः ॥१३-१२९-३॥
teṣām imaṃ pravakṣyāmi dharmakarma-phalodayam। brāhmaṇeṣu hi yaḥ dharmaḥ saḥ dharmaḥ paramo mataḥ ॥13-129-3॥
[तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; इमम् (imam) - this; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; धर्मकर्मफलोदयम् (dharma-karma-phala-udayam) - the arising of the fruit of righteous action; ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among brāhmaṇas; हि (hi) - indeed; यः (yaḥ) - which; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सः (saḥ) - that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme; मतः (mataḥ) - is considered;]
(Of them, this I shall declare—the arising of the fruit of righteous action. Among brāhmaṇas, indeed, which dharma—that dharma is considered supreme.)
Of them, I shall now declare the result of righteous actions. The dharma which is among brāhmaṇas is considered the supreme dharma. (13-129-3)
इमे तु लोकधर्मार्थं त्रयः सृष्टाः स्वयम्भुवा। पृथिव्याः सर्जने नित्यं सृष्टास्तानपि मे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-४॥
ime tu lokadharmārthaṃ trayaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ svayambhuvā। pṛthivyāḥ sarjane nityaṃ sṛṣṭāstān api me śṛṇu॥13-129-4॥
[इमे (ime) - these; तु (tu) - but; लोकधर्मार्थम् (lokadharmārtham) - for the purpose of the duties and laws of people; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the self-existent (Svayambhū); पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth; सर्जने (sarjane) - in the creation; नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly; सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created; तान् (tān) - those; अपि (api) - also; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(These, but, for the purpose of people’s duties and laws, three (were) created by the self-existent. Of the earth’s creation, constantly created, those also to me listen.)
But these three were created by the Self-existent for the sake of the world’s duties; in the perpetual creation of the earth, they are always created—listen to those from me. (13-129-4)
वेदोक्तः परमो धर्मः स्मृतिशास्त्रगतोऽपरः। शिष्टाचीर्णः परः प्रोक्तस्त्रयो धर्माः सनातनाः ॥१३-१२९-५॥
vedoktaḥ paramo dharmaḥ smṛtiśāstragato'paraḥ। śiṣṭācīrṇaḥ paraḥ proktastrayo dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ॥13-129-5॥
[वेदोक्तः (vedoktaḥ) - declared in the Veda; परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; स्मृतिशास्त्रगतः (smṛtiśāstragataḥ) - found in the Smṛti-śāstra; अपरः (aparaḥ) - secondary; शिष्टाचीर्णः (śiṣṭācīrṇaḥ) - followed by the virtuous; परः (paraḥ) - further; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is said; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - duties; सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal;]
(Declared in the Veda, the supreme duty; found in the Smṛti-śāstra, the secondary; followed by the virtuous, the further, is said (to be); three duties, eternal.)
It is said that the supreme duty is what is declared in the Veda; secondary is what is found in the Smṛti-śāstras; and further, what is followed by the virtuous—these three duties are eternal. (13-129-5)
त्रैविद्यो ब्राह्मणो विद्वान्न चाध्ययनजीवनः। त्रिकर्मा त्रिपरिक्रान्तो मैत्र एष स्मृतो द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-६॥
traividyo brāhmaṇo vidvān na cādhyayana-jīvanaḥ। tri-karmā tri-parikrānto maitra eṣa smṛto dvijaḥ ॥13-129-6॥
[त्रैविद्यः (traividyaḥ) - knower of the three Vedas; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa; विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अध्ययनजीवनः (adhyayana-jīvanaḥ) - living by (mere) study; त्रिकर्मा (tri-karmā) - performer of the three (sacred) acts; त्रिपरिक्रान्तः (tri-parikrāntaḥ) - who has traversed the three (stages); मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - friendly; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born;]
(Knower of the three Vedas, a brāhmaṇa, learned, not living by (mere) study, performer of the three acts, who has traversed the three stages, friendly—this is considered a twice-born.)
One who knows the three Vedas, is a brāhmaṇa, learned, does not live solely by study, performs the three sacred duties, has passed through the three stages of life, and is friendly—this person is regarded as a true twice-born. (13-129-6)
षडिमानि तु कर्माणि प्रोवाच भुवनेश्वरः। वृत्त्यर्थं ब्राह्मणानां वै शृणु तानि समाहिता ॥१३-१२९-७॥
ṣaḍimāni tu karmāṇi provāca bhuvaneśvaraḥ। vṛttyarthaṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ vai śṛṇu tāni samāhitāḥ॥13-129-7॥
[षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; इमानि (imāni) - these; तु (tu) - but; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; प्रोवाच (provāca) - declared; भुवनेश्वरः (bhuvaneśvaraḥ) - Bhuvaneśvara (the Lord of the world); वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the sake of livelihood; ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; वै (vai) - indeed; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; तानि (tāni) - those; समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - well-collected;]
(Six these but actions declared Bhuvaneśvara; for the sake of livelihood of the Brāhmaṇas indeed hear those well-collected.)
Bhuvaneśvara declared these six actions for the livelihood of Brāhmaṇas; indeed, hear those well-collected (13-129-7)
यजनं याजनं चैव तथा दानप्रतिग्रहौ। अध्यापनमधीतं च षट्कर्मा धर्मभाग्द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-८॥
yajanaṃ yājanaṃ caiva tathā dānapratigrahau. adhyāpanamadhītaṃ ca ṣaṭkarmā dharmabhāg dvijaḥ ॥13-129-8॥
[यजनम् (yajanam) - sacrificing; याजनम् (yājanam) - causing to sacrifice; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; दानप्रतिग्रहौ (dānapratigrahau) - giving and accepting gifts; अध्यापनम् (adhyāpanam) - teaching; अधीतम् (adhītam) - studying; च (ca) - and; षट्-कर्मा (ṣaṭkarmā) - possessor of six acts; धर्म-भाग् (dharmabhāg) - partaker of dharma; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born;]
(Sacrificing, causing to sacrifice, and likewise giving and accepting gifts, teaching, studying, and the twice-born who possesses six acts is a partaker of dharma.)
The twice-born who performs the six duties—sacrificing, causing to sacrifice, giving and accepting gifts, teaching, and studying—is entitled to follow dharma. (13-129-8)
नित्यस्वाध्यायता धर्मो धर्मो यज्ञः सनातनः। दानं प्रशस्यते चास्य यथाशक्ति यथाविधि ॥१३-१२९-९॥
nityasvādhyāyatā dharmo dharmo yajñaḥ sanātanaḥ। dānaṃ praśasyate cāsya yathāśakti yathāvidhi ॥13-129-9॥
[नित्यस्वाध्यायता (nityasvādhyāyatā) - constant self-study; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; दानम् (dānam) - charity; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - of this; यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to capacity; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to prescribed rule;]
(Constant self-study is duty; duty is sacrifice, eternal. Charity is praised and of this, according to capacity, according to prescribed rule.)
Constant self-study is duty; duty, as sacrifice, is eternal. Charity is praised and, in this, is to be given according to one's capacity and prescribed rules. (13-129-9)
अयं तु परमो धर्मः प्रवृत्तः सत्सु नित्यशः। गृहस्थता विशुद्धानां धर्मस्य निचयो महान् ॥१३-१२९-१०॥
ayaṃ tu paramo dharmaḥ pravṛttaḥ satsu nityaśaḥ। gṛhasthatā viśuddhānāṃ dharmasya nicayo mahān ॥13-129-10॥
[अयं (ayaṃ) - this; तु (tu) - but; परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - established; सत्सु (satsu) - among the good; नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly; गृहस्थता (gṛhasthatā) - householdership; विशुद्धानां (viśuddhānāṃ) - of the pure; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; निचयः (nicayaḥ) - heap; महान् (mahān) - great;]
(This indeed supreme duty established among the good constantly; householder-ship of the pure is heap of dharma great.)
But this indeed is the supreme duty, established among the virtuous at all times; householdership for the pure is a great accumulation of dharma. (13-129-10)
पञ्चयज्ञविशुद्धात्मा सत्यवागनसूयकः। दाता ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता सुसंमृष्टनिवेशनः ॥१३-१२९-११॥
pañcayajña-viśuddhātmā satyavāg-anasūyakaḥ। dātā brāhmaṇa-satkārtā susaṁmṛṣṭa-niveśanaḥ ॥13-129-11॥
[पञ्चयज्ञविशुद्धात्मा (pañcayajña-viśuddhātmā) - whose self has been purified by the five sacrifices; सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaking; अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - one who is free from envy; दाता (dātā) - giver; ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता (brāhmaṇa-satkārtā) - one who honors brāhmaṇas; सुसंमृष्टनिवेशनः (susaṁmṛṣṭa-niveśanaḥ) - whose dwelling is well-cleaned;]
(Whose self has been purified by the five sacrifices, truth-speaking, one free from envy, giver, one who honors brāhmaṇas, whose dwelling is well-cleaned.)
One whose self has been purified by the five sacrifices, who speaks the truth, who is free from envy, a giver, one who honors brāhmaṇas, and whose dwelling place is well kept clean. (13-129-11)
अमानी च सदाजिह्मः स्निग्धवाणीप्रदस्तथा। अतिथ्यभ्यागतरतिः शेषान्नकृतभोजनः ॥१३-१२९-१२॥
amānī ca sadājihmaḥ snigdhavāṇīprudastathā। atithyabhyāgataratiḥ śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ ॥13-129-12॥
[अमानी (amānī) - without pride; च (ca) - and; सदाजिह्मः (sadājihmaḥ) - always honest; स्निग्धवाणीप्रदः (snigdhavāṇīpradaḥ) - who gives gentle speech; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अतिथ्यभ्यागतरतिः (atithyabhyāgataratiḥ) - delighting in guests and arrivals; शेषान्नकृतभोजनः (śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ) - one who makes food (from) remaining food;]
(Without pride and always honest, likewise giving gentle speech, delighting in guests and arrivals, one who makes food from remaining food.)
He is humble and always honest, likewise one who speaks gently, delights in welcoming guests, and makes meals of leftovers. (13-129-12)
पाद्यमर्घ्यं यथान्यायमासनं शयनं तथा। दीपं प्रतिश्रयं चापि यो ददाति स धार्मिकः ॥१३-१२९-१३॥
pādyam arghyaṃ yathā-nyāyam āsanaṃ śayanaṃ tathā । dīpaṃ pratiśrayaṃ cāpi yo dadāti sa dhārmikaḥ ॥13-129-13॥
[पाद्यम् (pādyam) - water for washing feet; अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - welcoming water; यथा-न्यायम् (yathā-nyāyam) - according to propriety; आसनम् (āsanam) - seat; शयनम् (śayanam) - bed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; दीपम् (dīpam) - lamp; प्रतिश्रयम् (pratiśrayam) - shelter; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; यः (yaḥ) - who; ददाति (dadāti) - gives; सः (saḥ) - he; धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous;]
(Water for washing feet, welcoming water, according to propriety a seat, likewise a bed, lamp, shelter, and also who gives, he is righteous.)
He who gives, according to propriety, water for washing feet, welcoming water, a seat, a bed, a lamp, and shelter, is righteous. (13-129-13)
प्रातरुत्थाय चाचम्य भोजनेनोपमन्त्र्य च। सत्कृत्यानुव्रजेद्यश्च तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-१२९-१४॥
prātar utthāya ca ācāmya bhojanena upamantr̥ya ca| satkr̥tyā anuvrajet yaḥ ca tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ॥13-129-14॥
[प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning; उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen; च (ca) - and; आचम्य (ācāmya) - having sipped water; भोजनेन (bhojanena) - with food; उपमन्त्र्य (upamantr̥ya) - having addressed (respectfully) or invited; च (ca) - and; सत्कृत्या (satkr̥tyā) - having respected; अनुव्रजेत् (anuvrajet) - should follow; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; तस्य (tasya) - of him; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - rule; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(In the morning, having arisen and having sipped water, and with food having invited and having respected, who indeed should follow him; his rule is eternal.)
Rising in the morning, having performed ācamana, inviting to food with respect and courtesy, and then respectfully following him—this is his eternal duty. (13-129-14)
सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति दिवानिशम्। शूद्रधर्मः समाख्यातस्त्रिवर्णपरिचारणम् ॥१३-१२९-१५॥
sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya yathāśakti divāniśam। śūdradharmaḥ samākhyātastrivarṇaparicāraṇam ॥13-129-15॥
[सर्वातिथ्यं (sarvātithyam) - entire hospitality; त्रिवर्गस्य (trivargasya) - of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to ability; दिवानिशम् (divāniśam) - day and night; शूद्रधर्मः (śūdradharmaḥ) - the duty of a Śūdra; समाख्यातः (samākhyātaḥ) - is declared; त्रिवर्णपरिचारणम् (trivarṇaparicāraṇam) - service to the three castes;]
(Entire hospitality of the three aims according to ability, day and night—the duty of a Śūdra is declared as service to the three castes.)
Extending complete hospitality, in pursuit of the three aims of life, to the best of one’s ability day and night—this is described as the duty of a Śūdra: service to the three (higher) castes. (13-129-15)
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो गृहस्थेषु विधीयते। तमहं कीर्तयिष्यामि सर्वभूतहितं शुभम् ॥१३-१२९-१६॥
pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo gṛhasthēṣu vidhīyatē। tam ahaṃ kīrtayiṣyāmi sarva-bhūta-hitaṃ śubham ॥13-129-16॥
[प्रवृत्ति-लक्षणः (pravṛtti-lakṣaṇaḥ) - characterized by engagement; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; गृहस्थेषु (gṛhasthēṣu) - among householders; विधीयते (vidhīyatē) - is prescribed; तम् (tam) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; कीर्तयिष्यामि (kīrtayiṣyāmi) - shall proclaim; सर्व-भूत-हितम् (sarva-bhūta-hitam) - beneficial to all beings; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious;]
(The duty characterized by engagement is prescribed among householders. That I shall proclaim, beneficial to all beings, auspicious.)
The duty characterized by active engagement is prescribed for householders. I will now declare that auspicious conduct, which is beneficial to all beings. (13-129-16)
दातव्यमसकृच्छक्त्या यष्टव्यमसकृत्तथा। पुष्टिकर्मविधानं च कर्तव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ॥१३-१२९-१७॥
dātavyam asakṛc chaktyā yaṣṭavyam asakṛt tathā। puṣṭikarma-vidhānaṃ ca kartavyaṃ bhūtim icchatā ॥13-129-17॥
[दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - should be given; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; शक्त्या (shaktyā) - with ability; यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - should be sacrificed; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; तथा (tathā) - likewise; पुष्टि (puṣṭi) - nourishment; कर्मविधानम् (karma-vidhānam) - prescribed rite; च (ca) - and; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring;]
(Should be given repeatedly with ability, should be sacrificed repeatedly likewise; nourishment rites and prescribed acts also should be performed by one desiring prosperity.)
One who desires prosperity should repeatedly give according to ability, should perform sacrifices likewise, and should also undertake acts of nourishment and prescribed rites. (13-129-17)
धर्मेणार्थः समाहार्यो धर्मलब्धं त्रिधा धनम्। कर्तव्यं धर्मपरमं मानवेन प्रयत्नतः ॥१३-१२९-१८॥
dharmeṇārthaḥ samāhāryo dharmalabdhaṃ tridhā dhanam। kartavyaṃ dharmaparaṃ mānavena prayatnataḥ ॥13-129-18॥
[धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; by virtue; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; समाहार्यः (samāhāryaḥ) - is to be collected; is to be acquired; धर्मलब्धं (dharmalabdhaṃ) - obtained by righteousness; lawfully gained; त्रिधा (tridhā) - threefold; in three ways; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; कर्तव्यं (kartavyam) - ought to be done; should be pursued; धर्मपरमं (dharmaparaṃ) - preeminent in righteousness; superior in virtue; मानवेन (mānavena) - by a human; by a man; प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort; diligently;]
(By righteousness, wealth is to be collected; wealth lawfully gained is threefold; what ought to be done, preeminent in righteousness, by a human with effort.)
Wealth should be acquired through righteousness; wealth obtained lawfully is of three kinds; a person should diligently pursue what is supremely righteous. (13-129-18)
एकेनांशेन धर्मार्थश्चर्तव्यो भूतिमिच्छता। एकेनांशेन कामार्थ एकमंशं विवर्धयेत् ॥१३-१२९-१९॥
ekenāṁśena dharmārthaś cartavyo bhūtim icchatā। ekenāṁśena kāmārtha ekam aṁśaṁ vivardhayet॥13-129-19॥
[एकेनांशेन (ekena aṁśena) - with one portion; धर्मार्थः (dharmārthaḥ) - pursuit of righteousness; चर्तव्यः (cartavyaḥ) - should be pursued; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; एकेनांशेन (ekena aṁśena) - with one portion; कामार्थ (kāmārtha) - pursuit of desire; एकम् (ekam) - one; अंशम् (aṁśam) - portion; विवर्धयेत् (vivardhayet) - should increase;]
(With one portion, the pursuit of righteousness should be pursued by one desiring prosperity. With one portion, the pursuit of desire—one portion should be increased.)
One who desires prosperity should dedicate one part to the pursuit of righteousness and one part to the pursuit of desire, and another part should be increased. (13-129-19)
निवृत्तिलक्षणस्त्वन्यो धर्मो मोक्ष इति स्मृतः। तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु मे देवि तत्त्वतः ॥१३-१२९-२०॥
nivṛtti-lakṣaṇas tv anyo dharmo mokṣa iti smṛtaḥ। tasya vṛttiṃ pravakṣyāmi śṛṇu me devi tattvataḥ॥13-129-20॥
[निवृत्तिलक्षणः (nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaḥ) - marked by cessation; तु (tu) - but; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation; इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; तस्य (tasya) - of that; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - function; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall explain; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; मे (me) - my; देवि (devi) - O Goddess; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly;]
(But another dharma, marked by cessation, is called liberation thus is remembered. Of that function, I shall explain; hear my, O Goddess, truly.)
But another duty, characterized by cessation, is known as liberation. I shall explain its function to you; listen to me truly, O Goddess. (13-129-20)
सर्वभूतदया धर्मो न चैकग्रामवासिता। आशापाशविमोक्षश्च शस्यते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिणाम् ॥१३-१२९-२१॥
sarvabhūtadayā dharmo na caikagrāmavāsitā। āśāpāśavimokṣaś ca śasyate mokṣakāṅkṣiṇām ॥13-129-21॥
[सर्वभूतदया (sarvabhūtadayā) - compassion towards all beings; धर्मः (dharmo) - dharma; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एकग्रामवासिता (ekagrāmavāsitā) - residence in a single village; आशापाशविमोक्षः (āśāpāśavimokṣaḥ) - release from the bonds of desire; च (ca) - and; शस्यते (śasyate) - is praised; मोक्षकाङ्क्षिणाम् (mokṣakāṅkṣiṇām) - of those desiring liberation;]
(Compassion towards all beings is dharma; not also residence in a single village. Release from the bonds of desire and this is praised for those desiring liberation.)
Compassion toward all beings is dharma, but residing in only one village is not. Freedom from the bonds of desire is praised for those who seek liberation. (13-129-21)
न कुण्ड्यां नोदके सङ्गो न वाससि न चासने। न त्रिदण्डे न शयने नाग्नौ न शरणालये ॥१३-१२९-२२॥
na kuṇḍyāṁ nodake saṅgo na vāsasi na cāsane। na tridaṇḍe na śayane nāgnau na śaraṇālaye ॥13-129-22॥
[न (na) - not; कुण्ड्यां (kuṇḍyām) - in the water-pot; न (na) - not; उदके (udake) - in water; सङ्गः (saṅgaḥ) - attachment; न (na) - not; वाससि (vāsasi) - in clothing; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आसने (āsane) - in seat; न (na) - not; त्रिदण्डे (tridaṇḍe) - in the three-staff; न (na) - not; शयने (śayane) - in bed; न (na) - not; अग्नौ (agnau) - in fire; न (na) - not; शरणालये (śaraṇālaye) - in shelter;]
(Not in the water-pot, not in water is attachment; not in clothing, not in seat, not in the three-staff, not in bed, not in fire, not in shelter.)
Attachment is not in the water-pot, nor in water, nor in clothing, nor in the seat, nor in the staff, nor in the bed, nor in fire, nor in shelter. (13-129-22)
अध्यात्मगतचित्तो यस्तन्मनास्तत्परायणः। युक्तो योगं प्रति सदा प्रतिसङ्ख्यानमेव च ॥१३-१२९-२३॥
adhyātmagatacitto yastanmanāstatparāyaṇaḥ। yukto yogaṃ prati sadā pratisaṅkhyānameva ca ॥13-129-23॥
[अध्यात्मगतचित्तः (adhyātmagatacittaḥ) - whose mind is fixed in the self; यः (yaḥ) - who; तन्मनाः (tanmanāḥ) - whose thought is focused on that; तत्परायणः (tatparāyaṇaḥ) - who is devoted to that; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged (in yoga); योगम् (yogam) - yoga; प्रति (prati) - towards; सदा (sadā) - always; प्रतिसङ्ख्यानम् (pratisaṅkhyānam) - discriminative knowledge; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and;]
(He whose mind is fixed in the self, who is focused on that, who is devoted to that, engaged in yoga, towards yoga always, discriminative knowledge only and.)
He whose mind is absorbed in the self, who is intent and devoted to that, ever engaged in yoga and discriminative knowledge—such a one is united. (13-129-23)
वृक्षकूलशयो नित्यं शून्यागारनिवेशनः। नदीपुलिनशायी च नदीतीररतिश्च यः ॥१३-१२९-२४॥
vṛkṣamūlaśayo nityaṃ śūnyāgāraniveśanaḥ। nadīpulinaśāyī ca nadītīraratiś ca yaḥ॥13-129-24॥
[वृक्षमूलशयः (vṛkṣamūlaśayaḥ) - one who lies at the root of a tree; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; शून्यागारनिवेशनः (śūnyāgāraniveśanaḥ) - one who dwells in an empty house; नदीपुलिनशायी (nadīpulinaśāyī) - one who sleeps on the river bank; च (ca) - and; नदीतीररतिः (nadītīraratiḥ) - one whose delight is on the riverbank; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who;]
(One who lies at the root of a tree always, one who dwells in an empty house, one who sleeps on the river bank and one whose delight is on the riverbank and who.)
He who always lies at the foot of a tree, lives in an empty house, sleeps on a river bank and delights in the riverbank—such a one. (13-129-24)
विमुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेषु स्नेहबन्धेषु च द्विजः। आत्मन्येवात्मनो भावं समासज्याटति द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-२५॥
vimuktaḥ sarvasaṅgeṣu snehabandheṣu ca dvijaḥ. ātmanyevaātmano bhāvaṃ samāsajyāṭati dvijaḥ ॥13-129-25॥
[विमुक्तः (vimuktaḥ) - liberated; released; सर्वसङ्गेषु (sarvasaṅgeṣu) - from all attachments; स्नेहबन्धेषु (snehabandheṣu) - from bonds of affection; च (ca) - and; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; Brahmin; आत्मनि एव (ātmani eva) - in self only; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of self; भावम् (bhāvam) - feeling; state; समासज्य (samāsajya) - fixing; attaching; आटति (āṭati) - moves; goes; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; Brahmin;]
(Liberated from all attachments, from bonds of affection and, the Brahmin, fixing the state of self only in self, moves the Brahmin.)
The twice-born, liberated from all attachments and bonds of affection, moving with his mind fixed only on the state of self, goes about. (13-129-25)
स्थाणुभूतो निराहारो मोक्षदृष्टेन कर्मणा। परिव्रजति यो युक्तस्तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-१२९-२६॥
sthāṇubhūto nirāhāro mokṣadṛṣṭena karmaṇā। parivrajati yo yuktas tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ॥13-129-26॥
[स्थाणु-भूतः (sthāṇu-bhūtaḥ) - become motionless; निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food; मोक्ष-दृष्टेन (mokṣa-dṛṣṭena) - with a view toward liberation; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; परिव्रजति (parivrajati) - wanders; यः (yaḥ) - who; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - disciplined; तस्य (tasya) - of him; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(Who, having become motionless, without food, by action with a view toward liberation, wandering, disciplined, of him dharma is eternal.)
For one who, becoming motionless, is without food, acts with the aim of liberation, and wanders in discipline, his dharma is eternal. (13-129-26)
न चैकत्र चिरासक्तो न चैकग्रामगोचरः। युक्तो ह्यटति निर्मुक्तो न चैकपुलिनेशयः ॥१३-१२९-२७॥
na ca ekatra cirāsakto na ca ekagrāmagocaraḥ। yukto hy aṭati nirmukto na ca ekapulineśayaḥ॥13-129-27॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एकत्र (ekatra) - in one place; चिरासक्तः (cirāsaktaḥ) - long-attached; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एकग्रामगोचरः (ekagrāmagocaraḥ) - one-village-roaming; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - united; हि (hi) - indeed; अटति (aṭati) - wanders; निर्मुक्तः (nirmuktaḥ) - freed; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एकपुलिनेशयः (ekapulineśayaḥ) - one-sandbank-resting;]
(Not and in one place long-attached, not and of one village roaming; united indeed wanders freed, not and one sandbank resting.)
He is not long attached to a single place, nor does he roam in only one village. Being united (with Self), indeed he wanders, set free, and he does not rest on a single sandbank. (13-129-27)
एष मोक्षविदां धर्मो वेदोक्तः सत्पथः सताम्। यो मार्गमनुयातीमं पदं तस्य न विद्यते ॥१३-१२९-२८॥
eṣa mokṣavidāṃ dharmo vedoktaḥ satpathaḥ satām। yo mārgamanuyātīmaṃ padaṃ tasya na vidyate ॥13-129-28॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; मोक्षविदां (mokṣavidām) - of those who know liberation; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; वेदोक्तः (vedoktaḥ) - taught by the Veda; सत्पथः (satpathaḥ) - the true path; सताम् (satām) - of the good; यः (yaḥ) - who; मार्गम् (mārgam) - the path; अनुयाति (anuyāti) - follows; इमं (imaṃ) - this; पदं (padaṃ) - state; तस्य (tasya) - for him; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists;]
(This is the dharma of those who know liberation, taught by the Veda, the true path of the good; who follows this path, for him this state does not exist.)
This is the duty of the knowers of liberation, prescribed in the Veda, the true path of the virtuous; whoever follows this path, for him, this state does not exist. (13-129-28)
चतुर्विधा भिक्षवस्ते कुटीचरकृतोदकः। हंसः परमहंसश्च यो यः पश्चात्स उत्तमः ॥१३-१२९-२९॥
caturvidhā bhikṣavas te kuṭīcarakṛtodakaḥ। haṃsaḥ paramahaṃsaś ca yo yaḥ paścāt sa uttamaḥ॥13-129-29॥
[चतुर्विधा (caturvidhā) - fourfold; भिक्षवः (bhikṣavaḥ) - ascetics; ते (te) - those; कुटीचर (kuṭīcara) - hermit (one who dwells in a hut); कृतोदकः (kṛtodakaḥ) - completed ablutions (observer of ritual bath); हंसः (haṃsaḥ) - swan (here, kind of ascetic); परमहंसः (paramahaṃsaḥ) - supreme swan (highest ascetic); च (ca) - and; यः यः (yo yaḥ) - who, whoever; पश्चात् (paścāt) - subsequently; सः (saḥ) - he; उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - the best;]
(Fourfold ascetics those, hut-dwelling, performer of ablutions, swan, supreme swan, and who, whoever is afterwards, he is the best.)
There are four kinds of ascetics: the hut-dweller, the performer of ablutions, the swan, and the supreme swan. Of these, whoever comes later is the best. (13-129-29)
अतः परतरं नास्ति नाधरं न तिरोऽग्रतः। अदुःखमसुखं सौम्यमजरामरमव्ययम् ॥१३-१२९-३०॥
ataḥ parataraṃ nāsti nādharaṃ na tiro'grataḥ । aduḥkhamasukhṃ saumyamajarāmaramavyayam ॥13-129-30॥
[अतः (ataḥ) - from this; from here; परतरं (parataraṃ) - higher; superior; नास्ति (nāsti) - does not exist; न (na) - not; अधरं (adharaṃ) - lower; न (na) - not; तिरः (tiro) - across; aside; अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front; before; अदुःखम् (aduḥkham) - without sorrow; असुखम् (asukham) - without pleasure; सौम्यम् (saumyam) - gentle; serene; अजर (ajara) - without old age; अमरम् (amaram) - immortal; अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable;]
(From this, higher does not exist, nor lower, nor across, nor in front. Without sorrow, without pleasure, gentle, without old age, immortal, imperishable.)
Therefore, there is nothing higher nor lower, nor in front nor beyond; it is without sorrow, without pleasure, serene, ageless, immortal, and imperishable. (13-129-30)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (name of the goddess); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
गार्हस्थ्यो मोक्षधर्मश्च सज्जनाचरितस्त्वया। भाषितो मर्त्यलोकस्य मार्गः श्रेयस्करो महान् ॥१३-१२९-३१॥
gārhasthyo mokṣadharmaś ca sajjanācaritas tvayā। bhāṣito martyalokasya mārgaḥ śreyaskaro mahān ॥13-129-31॥
[गार्हस्थ्यः (gārhasthyaḥ) - householder's (way); मोक्षधर्मः (mokṣadharmaḥ) - law of liberation; च (ca) - and; सज्जनाचरितः (sajjanācaritaḥ) - practiced by the good; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - has been spoken; मर्त्यलोकस्य (martyalokasya) - of the world of mortals; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; श्रेयस्करः (śreyaskaraḥ) - leading to the highest good; महान् (mahān) - great;]
(The householder's way, and the law of liberation, practiced by the good, by you has been spoken; of the world of mortals, the path leading to the highest good, great.)
You have spoken of the householder's duties and the path of liberation, practiced by the virtuous, which is the great path leading to the highest good for mortals. (13-129-31)
ऋषिधर्मं तु धर्मज्ञ श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यनुत्तमम्। स्पृहा भवति मे नित्यं तपोवननिवासिषु ॥१३-१२९-३२॥
ṛṣidharmaṃ tu dharmajña śrotum icchāmi anuttamam। spṛhā bhavati me nityaṃ tapovananivāsiṣu॥13-129-32॥
[ऋषिधर्मं (ṛṣidharmaṃ) - sage's duty;, तु (tu) - but;, धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - knower of dharma;, श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear;, इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire;, अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed;, स्पृहा (spṛhā) - longing;, भवति (bhavati) - arises;, मे (me) - to me;, नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always;, तपोवननिवासिषु (tapovananivāsiṣu) - in the dwellers of the forest of austerities;]
(Sage's duty but, O knower of dharma, to hear I desire, unsurpassed. Longing arises to me always in the forest-dwellers engaged in austerities. (13-129-32))
I wish to hear about the unsurpassed duties of sages, O knower of dharma. I always have a longing for those who dwell in the forest practicing austerities. (13-129-32)
आज्यधूमोद्भवो गन्धो रुणद्धीव तपोवनम्। तं दृष्ट्वा मे मनः प्रीतं महेश्वर सदा भवेत् ॥१३-१२९-३३॥
ājyadhūmodbhavo gandho ruṇaddhīva tapovanaṃ. taṃ dṛṣṭvā me manaḥ prītaṃ maheśvara sadā bhavet ॥13-129-33॥
[आज्यधूमोद्भवः (ājyadhūmodbhavaḥ) - arisen from the clarified butter smoke; गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - fragrance; रुणद्धि (ruṇaddhi) - pervades; इव (iva) - as if; तपोवनम् (tapovanam) - hermitage; तं (taṃ) - that; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; मे (me) - my; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; प्रीतम् (prītam) - pleased; महेश्वर (maheśvara) - O Great Lord; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be;]
(The fragrance arisen from the clarified butter smoke, as if pervades the hermitage. Having seen that, my mind, O Great Lord, always may it be pleased.)
O Maheśvara, may my mind always be pleased having seen that the fragrance arising from the smoke of clarified butter pervades the hermitage. (13-129-33)
एतं मे संशयं देव मुनिधर्मकृतं विभो। सर्वधर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञ देवदेव वदस्व मे ॥ निखिलेन मया पृष्टं महादेव यथातथम् ॥१३-१२९-३४॥
etaṁ me saṁśayaṁ deva munidharmakṛtaṁ vibho। sarvadharmārthatattvajña devadeva vadasva me ॥ nikhilena mayā pṛṣṭaṁ mahādeva yathātatham ॥13-129-34॥
[एतं (etaṁ) - this; मे (me) - my; संशयं (saṁśayam) - doubt; देव (deva) - O god; मुनिधर्मकृतं (munidharmakṛtaṁ) - arisen from the law of sages; विभो (vibho) - O powerful one; सर्वधर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञ (sarvadharmārthatattvajña) - knower of the truth of all dharma and artha; देवदेव (devadeva) - O god of gods; वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell; मे (me) - to me; निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely; मया (mayā) - by me; पृष्टं (pṛṣṭaṁ) - asked; महादेव (mahādeva) - O great god; यथातथम् (yathātatham) - as it is;]
(This my doubt, O god, arisen from the law of sages, O powerful one, knower of the truth of all dharma and artha, O god of gods, please tell to me which has been completely asked by me, O great god, as it is.)
O god, this doubt of mine, arising from the law of sages, O mighty one, knower of the true nature of all dharma and artha, O god of gods, please tell me everything as it is, about that which I have asked completely, O Mahadeva. (13-129-34)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great lord said;)
The great lord said.
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि मुनिधर्ममनुत्तमम्। यं कृत्वा मुनयो यान्ति सिद्धिं स्वतपसा शुभे ॥१३-१२९-३५॥
hanta te'haṃ pravakṣyāmi munidharmamanuttamam। yaṃ kṛtvā munayo yānti siddhiṃ svatapasā śubhe ॥13-129-35॥
[हन्त (hanta) - indeed; alas; now then; ते (te) - to you; अहम् (aham) - I; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - shall explain; मुनिधर्मम् (munidharmam) - the sage's duty; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - supreme; unmatched; यम् (yam) - which; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed; मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages; यान्ति (yānti) - attain; सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - perfection; accomplishment; स्वतपसा (svatapasā) - by their own penance; शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one;]
(Indeed, to you I shall explain the sage's supreme duty, which, having performed, the sages attain perfection by their own penance, O auspicious one.)
Now then, I shall tell you the supreme duty of sages, by performing which sages attain perfection through their own penance, O auspicious one. (13-129-35)
फेनपानामृषीणां यो धर्मो धर्मविदां सदा। तं मे शृणु महाभागे धर्मज्ञे धर्ममादितः ॥१३-१२९-३६॥
phenapānām ṛṣīṇāṃ yo dharmo dharmavidāṃ sadā। taṃ me śṛṇu mahābhāge dharmajñe dharmam āditaḥ ॥13-129-36॥
[फेनपानाम् (phenapānām) - of foam-eaters; ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages; यः (yaḥ) - which; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - law; धर्मविदाम् (dharmavidām) - of the knowers of dharma; सदा (sadā) - always; तम् (tam) - that; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; महाभागे (mahābhāge) - O greatly fortunate one; धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - O knower of dharma; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning;]
(Of foam-eaters, of sages, which law, of the knowers of dharma always; that to me listen, O greatly fortunate one, O knower of dharma, dharma from the beginning.)
O greatly fortunate one, O knower of dharma, always listen to me about that law of the sages who subsist on foam, which is the original dharma of those who know dharma. (13-129-36)
उञ्छन्ति सततं तस्मिन्ब्राह्मं फेनोत्करं शुभम्। अमृतं ब्रह्मणा पीतं मधुरं प्रसृतं दिवि ॥१३-१२९-३७॥
uñchanti satataṃ tasmin brāhmaṃ phenotkaraṃ śubham। amṛtaṃ brahmaṇā pītaṃ madhuraṃ prasṛtaṃ divi॥13-129-37॥
[उञ्छन्ति (uñchanti) - they gather; सततं (satataṃ) - constantly; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; ब्राह्मं (brāhmaṃ) - brahmanic; फेनोत्करं (phenotkaraṃ) - foam-mass; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; अमृतं (amṛtaṃ) - nectar; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā; पीतं (pītaṃ) - drunk; मधुरं (madhuraṃ) - sweet; प्रसृतं (prasṛtaṃ) - spread; दिवि (divi) - in heaven;]
(They gather constantly in that (place) the Brahmanic auspicious mass of foam; the nectar, drunk by Brahmā, sweet, spread in heaven.)
They constantly collect there the auspicious Brahmanic mass of foam—the sweet nectar, drunk by Brahmā, which is spread in heaven. (13-129-37)
एष तेषां विशुद्धानां फेनपानां तपोधने। धर्मचर्याकृतो मार्गो वालखिल्यगणे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-३८॥
eṣa teṣāṃ viśuddhānāṃ phenapānāṃ tapodhanā। dharmacaryākṛto mārgo vālkhiḷyagaṇe śṛṇu ॥13-129-38॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; तेषां (teṣām) - of them; विशुद्धानां (viśuddhānām) - of the pure ones; फेनपानां (phenapānām) - of those who drink foam; तपोधने (tapodhanā) - O wealth of austerity; धर्मचर्या (dharmacaryā) - practice of dharma; अकृतः (akṛtaḥ) - established; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; वालखिल्यगणे (vālkhiḷyagaṇe) - O group of Vālakhilyas; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(This, of them, of the pure ones, of those who drink foam, O wealth of austerity, the path established for practice of dharma, O group of Vālakhilyas, hear.)
O assembly of Vālakhilyas! O treasure of austerity, hear the path established for the practice of dharma of those pure ones who drink foam. (13-129-38)
वालखिल्यास्तपःसिद्धा मुनयः सूर्यमण्डले। उञ्छमुञ्छन्ति धर्मज्ञाः शाकुनीं वृत्तिमास्थिताः ॥१३-१२९-३९॥
vālakhiḷyās tapaḥ-siddhā munayaḥ sūryamaṇḍale| uñchamuñchanti dharmajñāḥ śākunīṃ vṛttim-āsthitāḥ ॥13-129-39॥
[वालखिल्याः (vālakhiḷyāḥ) - Vālakhilya sages; तपःसिद्धाः (tapaḥ-siddhāḥ) - perfected in austerity; मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages; सूर्यमण्डले (sūryamaṇḍale) - in the solar orb; उञ्छमुञ्छन्ति (uñchamuñchanti) - glean and collect grain; धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - knowers of dharma; शाकुनीं (śākunīṃ) - bird-like; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood; आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - practising;]
(Vālakhilya sages perfected in austerity, sages in the solar orb, glean and collect grain, knowers of dharma, practising bird-like livelihood.)
The Vālakhilya sages, perfected in austerity and knowers of dharma, residing in the orb of the sun, glean for a living, practising the way of life of birds. (13-129-39)
मृगनिर्मोकवसनाश्चीरवल्कलवाससः। निर्द्वंद्वाः सत्पथं प्राप्ता वालखिल्यास्तपोधनाः ॥१३-१२९-४०॥
mṛganirmokavasanāś cīravalkalavāsasaḥ। nirdvandvāḥ satpathaṃ prāptā vālakilyās tapodhanāḥ॥13-129-40॥
[मृगनिर्मोकवसनाः (mṛga-nirmoka-vasanāḥ) - wearing the bark of a deer (deerskin) as clothing; चीरवल्कलवाससः (cīra-valkala-vāsasaḥ) - clad in bark and rags; निर्द्वंद्वाः (nirdvandvāḥ) - free from pairs of opposites; सत्पथं (sat-pathaṃ) - the good path; प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having obtained; वालखिल्याः (vālakilyāḥ) - the Vālakhilyas; तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - rich in austerity;]
(Wearing deerskin as clothing, clad in bark and rags, free from pairs of opposites, the good path having obtained, the Vālakhilyas, rich in austerity.)
The Vālakhilyas, rich in austerity, wearing deerskin and bark clothing, clad in rags, free from the pairs of opposites, have attained the path of righteousness. (13-129-40)
अङ्गुष्ठपर्वमात्रास्ते स्वेष्वङ्गेषु व्यवस्थिताः। तपश्चरणमीहन्ते तेषां धर्मफलं महत् ॥१३-१२९-४१॥
aṅguṣṭha-parva-mātrās te sveṣv aṅgeṣu vyavasthitāḥ। tapaś-caraṇam īhante teṣāṃ dharma-phalaṃ mahat॥13-129-41॥
[अङ्गुष्ठपर्वमात्राः (aṅguṣṭha-parva-mātrāḥ) - measuring the size of a thumb-joint; ते (te) - they; स्वेषु (sveṣu) - in their own; अङ्गेषु (aṅgeṣu) - among limbs; व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - situated; तपश्चरणम् (tapaś-caraṇam) - practice of austerity; ईहन्ते (īhante) - strive for; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; धर्मफलं (dharma-phalaṃ) - fruit of righteousness; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(Measuring the size of a thumb-joint, they are situated among their own limbs. They strive for the practice of austerity; of them, the great fruit of righteousness.)
They, whose forms are of the size of a thumb-joint and are located within their respective limbs, strive to perform austerity; for them, the result of righteousness is great. (13-129-41)
ते सुरैः समतां यान्ति सुरकार्यार्थसिद्धये। द्योतयन्तो दिशः सर्वास्तपसा दग्धकिल्बिषाः ॥१३-१२९-४२॥
te suraiḥ samatāṁ yānti surakāryārthasiddhaye. dyotayanto diśaḥ sarvāstapasā dagdhakilbiṣāḥ ॥13-129-42॥
[ते (te) - they; सुरैः (suraiḥ) - with the gods; by the gods; समतां (samatām) - equality; sameness; यान्ति (yānti) - go; attain; सुरकार्यार्थसिद्धये (surakāryārthasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of the purpose of the gods; for attaining the goal of the gods; द्योतयन्तः (dyotayantaḥ) - illuminating; making bright; दिशः (diśaḥ) - the directions; quarters; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; through penance; दग्धकिल्बिषाः (dagdhakilbiṣāḥ) - having burned away sin; whose impurities are burnt;]
(They with the gods equality attain for the accomplishment of the purpose of the gods; illuminating all the directions, by austerity, having burned away sin.)
They attain equality with the gods for accomplishing the divine purpose, illuminating all quarters, their sins burned away by austerity. (13-129-42)
ये त्वन्ये शुद्धमनसो दयाधर्मपरायणाः। सन्तश्चक्रचराः पुण्याः सोमलोकचराश्च ये ॥१३-१२९-४३॥
ye tvan ye śuddhamanaso dayā-dharma-parāyaṇāḥ। santaś-cakracarāḥ puṇyāḥ somalokacaraś-ca ye ॥13-129-43॥
[ये (ye) - who; which ones; तु (tu) - indeed; अन्ये (anye) - others; शुद्धमनसः (śuddhamanasaḥ) - with pure minds; दयाधर्मपरायणाः (dayā-dharma-parāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to compassion and righteousness; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous; the good; चक्रचराः (cakracarāḥ) - those who follow the path (of the wheel); पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - the virtuous; meritorious; सोमलोकचराः (somalokacarāḥ) - those who dwell in the Soma world; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who;]
(Who indeed others with pure minds devoted to compassion and righteousness; virtuous who follow the path, meritorious, those who dwell in the Soma world and who.)
And those others who have pure minds, devoted to compassion and righteousness—the virtuous, the wheel-followers, the meritorious, and those who dwell in the Soma world—(13-129-43)
पितृलोकसमीपस्थास्त उञ्छन्ति यथाविधि। सम्प्रक्षालाश्मकुट्टाश्च दन्तोलूखलिनस्तथा ॥१३-१२९-४४॥
pitṛloka-samīpasthās ta uñchanti yathāvidhi. samprakṣālāśma-kuṭṭāś ca dantolūkhalinas tathā ॥13-129-44॥
[पितृलोकसमीपस्थाः (pitṛloka-samīpasthāḥ) - those dwelling near the world of ancestors; ते (te) - they; उञ्छन्ति (uñchanti) - glean (collect remains); यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to prescribed rite; सम्प्रक्षालाश्मकुट्टाः (samprakṣāla-aśmakuṭṭāḥ) - those who rinse and pound (grains) with stone; च (ca) - and; दन्तोलूखलिनः (danta-olūkhalinaḥ) - those who use teeth and mortar; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(Those dwelling near the world of ancestors, they glean according to prescribed rite. Those who rinse and pound with stone, and those who use teeth and mortar, likewise.)
Those who dwell near the world of ancestors glean according to the proper rites; likewise, those who wash and pound (their food) with stones and those who use their teeth or mortars. (13-129-44)
सोमपानां च देवानामूष्मपाणां तथैव च। उञ्छन्ति ये समीपस्थाः स्वभावनियतेन्द्रियाः ॥१३-१२९-४५॥
somapānāṃ ca devānām ūṣmapānāṃ tathaiva ca। uñchanti ye samīpasthāḥ svabhāvaniyatendriyāḥ॥13-129-45॥
[सोमपानां (somapānām) - of the drinkers of Soma; च (ca) - and; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; ऊष्मपाणाम् (ūṣmapānām) - of the drinkers of warmth (hot libations); तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; उञ्छन्ति (uñchanti) - gather (glean, forage); ये (ye) - those who; समीपस्थाः (samīpasthāḥ) - standing nearby; स्वभावनियतेन्द्रियाः (svabhāvaniyatendriyāḥ) - whose senses are restrained by (their own) nature;]
(Of the drinkers of Soma and of the gods, of the drinkers of warmth likewise and (of them), those who stand nearby whose senses are restrained by (their own) nature, glean.)
Those who stand near the drinkers of Soma, the gods, and the drinkers of warmth, and whose senses are restrained by their own nature, gather (benefit from it) as well. (13-129-45)
तेषामग्निपरिष्यन्दः पितृदेवार्चनं तथा। यज्ञानां चापि पञ्चानां यजनं धर्म उच्यते ॥१३-१२९-४६॥
teṣām agni-pariṣyandaḥ pitṛ-deva-arcanaṃ tathā. yajñānāṃ ca api pañcānāṃ yajanaṃ dharma ucyate ॥13-129-46॥
[तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अग्नि-परिष्यन्दः (agni-pariṣyandaḥ) - product of fire (offerings); पितृ-देव-अर्चनम् (pitṛ-deva-arcanaṃ) - worship of ancestors and gods; तथा (tathā) - likewise; यज्ञानाम् (yajñānām) - of sacrifices; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of five; यजनम् (yajanaṃ) - offering; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
(Of them, product of fire (offerings), worship of ancestors and gods likewise, of sacrifices and also of five, offering, duty is said.)
For them, the product of fire (offerings), the worship of ancestors and gods likewise, and the offering of the five sacrifices—these are said to be duty. (13-129-46)
एष चक्रचरैर्देवि देवलोकचरैर्द्विजैः। ऋषिधर्मः सदा चीर्णो योऽन्यस्तमपि मे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-४७॥
eṣa cakracarair devi devalokacarair dvijaiḥ। ṛṣidharmaḥ sadā cīrṇo yo'nyastam api me śṛṇu॥13-129-47॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; चक्रचरैः (cakracaraiḥ) - by those who move in cycles (i.e., celestial beings); देवि (devi) - O goddess; देवलोकचरैः (devalokacaraiḥ) - by those who dwell in the world of the gods; द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by the twice-born; ऋषिधर्मः (ṛṣidharmaḥ) - the duty of the sages; सदा (sadā) - always; चीर्णः (cīrṇaḥ) - has been practiced; यः (yaḥ) - which; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; तम् (tam) - that; अपि (api) - also; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(This (eṣa) by those who move in cycles (cakracaraiḥ), O goddess (devi), by those who dwell in the world of the gods (devalokacaraiḥ), by the twice-born (dvijaiḥ), the duty of the sages (ṛṣidharmaḥ) always (sadā) has been practiced (cīrṇaḥ); which (yaḥ) another (anyaḥ), that (tam) also (api), to me (me), listen (śṛṇu).)
This duty of the sages has always been practiced by those who move in cycles, O goddess, by those who dwell in the world of the gods, and by the twice-born. Listen also to another duty which I shall tell you. (13-129-47)
सर्वेष्वेवर्षिधर्मेषु जेय आत्मा जितेन्द्रियः। कामक्रोधौ ततः पश्चाज्जेतव्याविति मे मतिः ॥१३-१२९-४८॥
sarveṣveva ṛṣidharmeṣu jeya ātmā jitendriyaḥ। kāmakrodhau tataḥ paścāj jetavyāv iti me matiḥ॥13-129-48॥
[सर्वेषु एव (sarveṣu eva) - in all indeed; ऋषिधर्मेषु (ṛṣidharmeṣu) - among the duties of ṛṣis; जेय (jeya) - to be conquered; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - who has conquered the senses; कामक्रोधौ (kāma-krodhau) - desire and anger; ततः (tataḥ) - then; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; जेतव्यौ (jetavyau) - to be conquered (dual); इति (iti) - thus; मे (me) - my; मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion;]
(In all indeed among the duties of ṛṣis, to be conquered is the self who has conquered the senses; desire and anger then afterwards are to be conquered—thus my opinion.)
Among all the duties of ṛṣis, my view is that first the self, having conquered the senses, is to be mastered; only then, afterwards, should desire and anger be overcome. (13-129-48)
अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो धर्मरात्रिसमासनम्। सोमयज्ञाभ्यनुज्ञानं पञ्चमी यज्ञदक्षिणा ॥१३-१२९-४९॥
agnihotraparispando dharmarātrisasāsanam। somayajñābhyanujñānaṃ pañcamī yajñadakṣiṇā ॥13-129-49॥
[अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दः (agnihotraparispandaḥ) - vibration of the Agnihotra; धर्मरात्रि-समासनम् (dharmarātri-samāsanam) - ending of the night of righteousness; सोमयज्ञ-अभ्यनुज्ञानम् (somayajña-abhyanujñānam) - permission (for) the Soma-sacrifice; पञ्चमी (pañcamī) - fifth; यज्ञ-दक्षिणा (yajña-dakṣiṇā) - sacrificial gift;]
(Vibration of the Agnihotra, the ending of the night of righteousness, the granting of permission for the Soma-sacrifice, the fifth, sacrificial gift.)
The vibration of the Agnihotra, the conclusion of the night of righteousness, the authorization of the Soma-sacrifice, the fifth is the sacrificial gift. (13-129-49)
नित्यं यज्ञक्रिया धर्मः पितृदेवार्चने रतिः। सर्वातिथ्यं च कर्तव्यमन्नेनोञ्छार्जितेन वै ॥१३-१२९-५०॥
nityaṃ yajñakriyā dharmaḥ pitṛdevārcane ratiḥ। sarvātithyaṃ ca kartavyam annenoñchārjitena vai॥13-129-50॥
[नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; यज्ञक्रिया (yajñakriyā) - sacrifice-act; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; पितृदेवार्चने (pitṛdevārcane) - in worship of ancestors and gods; रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight; सर्वातिथ्यं (sarvātithyaṃ) - hospitality toward all guests; च (ca) - and; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done; अन्नेन (annena) - with food; ओञ्छार्जितेन (oñchārjitena) - obtained by gleaning; वै (vai) - indeed;]
(Always, sacrifice-act is righteousness; in worship of ancestors and gods, delight; hospitality toward all guests also should be done with food obtained by gleaning indeed.)
Sacrificial acts are always a duty, as is delight in worship of ancestors and gods; hospitality to all guests should indeed be performed with food acquired by gleaning. (13-129-50)
निवृत्तिरुपभोगस्य गोरसानां च वै रतिः। स्थण्डिले शयनं योगः शाकपर्णनिषेवणम् ॥१३-१२९-५१॥
nivṛttir-upabhogasya gorasānāṃ ca vai ratiḥ। staṇḍile śayanaṃ yogaḥ śāka-parṇa-niṣevaṇam॥13-129-51॥
[निवृत्तिः (nivṛttiḥ) (nivṛttiḥ) - cessation; उपभोगस्य (upabhogasya) (upabhogasya) - of enjoyment; गोरसानाम् (gorasānām) (gorasānām) - of dairy products; च (ca) (ca) - and; वै (vai) (vai) - indeed; रतिः (ratiḥ) (ratiḥ) - pleasure; स्थण्डिले (staṇḍile) (staṇḍile) - on the ground; शयनम् (śayanam) (śayanam) - lying down; योगः (yogaḥ) (yogaḥ) - union; or (here:) practice; शाकपर्ण (śāka-parṇa) (śāka-parṇa) - leaf of vegetables; निषेवणम् (niṣevaṇam) (niṣevaṇam) - eating;]
(Cessation of enjoyment, of dairy products also indeed pleasure; lying on the ground is practice; eating of vegetable leaves.)
Ceasing enjoyment, abstaining from dairy products, finding pleasure; lying on the ground is discipline; eating vegetable leaves. (13-129-51)
फलमूलाशनं वायुरापः शैवलभक्षणम्। ऋषीणां नियमा ह्येते यैर्जयन्त्यजितां गतिम् ॥१३-१२९-५२॥
phalamūlāśanaṃ vāyurāpaḥ śaivalabhakṣaṇam। ṛṣīṇāṃ niyamā hyete yairjayanty ajitāṃ gatim ॥13-129-52॥
[फलमूलाशनं (phalamūlāśanam) - eating of fruits and roots; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air; आपः (āpaḥ) - water; शैवलभक्षणम् (śaivalabhakṣaṇam) - eating of water-weeds; ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of sages; नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - disciplines; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; यैः (yaiḥ) - by which; जयन्ति (jayanti) - they conquer; अजिताम् (ajitām) - unconquered; गतिम् (gatim) - state (goal);]
(Eating fruits and roots, air, water, eating water-weeds—these indeed are the disciplines of sages, by which they conquer the unconquered state.)
Eating fruits and roots, subsisting on air and water, and eating water-weeds—these are indeed the disciplines of sages by which they conquer the unconquered goal. (13-129-52)
विधूमे न्यस्तमुसले व्यङ्गारे भुक्तवज्जने। अतीतपात्रसञ्चारे काले विगतभैक्षके ॥१३-१२९-५३॥
vidhūme nyastamusale vyaṅgāre bhuktavajjane। atītapātrasañcāre kāle vigatabhaikṣake ॥13-129-53॥
[विधूमे (vidhūme) - with extinguished smoke; (i.e., after the fire has burned out); न्यस्तमुसले (nyastamusale) - with the pestle put aside; (mosala: pestle); व्यङ्गारे (vyaṅgāre) - with the cooking fire gone out; (aṅgāra: charcoal/fire); भुक्तवज्जने (bhuktavajjane) - as if having eaten; in a person who has eaten; अतीतपात्रसञ्चारे (atītapātrasañcāre) - when the passing of food vessels has ceased; (literally: when dish-passing is done); काले (kāle) - at the time; विगतभैक्षके (vigatabhaikṣake) - when alms have ceased; (i.e., when begging has stopped);]
(With extinguished smoke, the pestle put down, the cooking fire gone out, as if in a person who has eaten; when the passing of food vessels has ceased, at the time when begging has ended.)
When the smoke has died out, the pestle is laid aside, the cooking fire is cold, the person has finished eating, the dishes have been removed, and the time of seeking alms has passed. (13-129-53)
अतिथिं काङ्क्षमाणो वै शेषान्नकृतभोजनः। सत्यधर्मरतिः क्षान्तो मुनिधर्मेण युज्यते ॥१३-१२९-५४॥
atithiṁ kāṅkṣamāṇo vai śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ. satyadharmaratiḥ kṣānto munidharmeṇa yujyate ॥13-129-54॥
[अतिथिं (atithiṁ) - guest; काङ्क्षमाणः (kāṅkṣamāṇaḥ) - desiring; वै (vai) - indeed; शेषान्नकृतभोजनः (śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ) - one who has taken food made of (his) remaining food; सत्यधर्मरतिः (satyadharmaratiḥ) - one delighted in truth and righteousness; क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - forbearing; मुनिधर्मेण (munidharmeṇa) - by the conduct of a sage; युज्यते (yujyate) - is associated;]
(Desiring a guest indeed, one who takes food made from the remaining food, delighting in truth and righteousness, forbearing, is associated with the conduct of a sage.)
He who desires a guest, takes his meal from the leftover food, delights in truth and righteousness, is forbearing, is endowed with the conduct of a sage. (13-129-54)
न स्तम्भी न च मानी यो न प्रमत्तो न विस्मितः। मित्रामित्रसमो मैत्रो यः स धर्मविदुत्तमः ॥१३-१२९-५५॥
na stambhī na ca mānī yo na pramatto na vismitaḥ. mitrāmitrasamo maitro yaḥ sa dharmaviduttamaḥ ॥13-129-55॥
[न (na) - not; स्तम्भी (stambhī) - arrogant one; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मानी (mānī) - conceited one; यो (yo) - who; न (na) - not; प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - heedless one; न (na) - not; विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished one; मित्रामित्रसमः (mitrāmitrasamaḥ) - equal towards friend and foe; मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - friendly one; यः (yaḥ) - who; स (sa) - he; धर्मविदुत्तमः (dharmaviduttamaḥ) - the best knower of dharma;]
(Not arrogant, nor conceited, who is not heedless, not astonished, equal towards friend and foe, friendly, who he is the best knower of dharma.)
He who is neither arrogant nor conceited, who is not heedless or astonished, who is friendly and equal towards friends and foes—he is the best knower of dharma. (13-129-55)
