13.134
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - great lord; Śiva; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Great Lord said;)
The Great Lord said.
परावरज्ञे धर्मज्ञे तपोवननिवासिनि। साध्वि सुभ्रु सुकेशान्ते हिमवत्पर्वतात्मजे ॥१३-१३४-१॥
parāvarajñe dharmajñe tapovananivāsini. sādhvi subhru sukeśānte himavatparvatātmaje ॥13-134-1॥
[परावरज्ञे (parāvarajñe) - knowing the remote and the near; धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - knowing dharma; तपोवननिवासिनि (tapovananivāsini) - dwelling in the forest of penance; साध्वि (sādhvi) - virtuous woman; सुभ्रु (subhru) - beautiful-browed; सुकेशान्ते (sukeśānte) - with beautiful hair-ends; हिमवत्पर्वतात्मजे (himavatparvatātmaje) - daughter of the Himavat mountain;]
(O knower of the remote and the near, knower of dharma, dweller in the forest of penance, virtuous woman, beautiful-browed, with beautiful hair-ends, daughter of the Himavat mountain.)
O virtuous lady, knower of the remote and the near, knower of dharma, who dwells in the forest of penance, beautiful-browed and with lovely tresses, daughter of the Himavat mountain. (13-134-1)
दक्षे शमदमोपेते निर्ममे धर्मचारिणि। पृच्छामि त्वां वरारोहे पृष्टा वद ममेप्सितम् ॥१३-१३४-२॥
dakṣe śamadamopete nirmame dharmacāriṇi। pṛcchāmi tvāṃ varārohe pṛṣṭā vada mamepsitam ॥13-134-2॥
[दक्षे (dakṣe) - in the competent; शमदमोपेते (śamadamopete) - endowed with tranquility and self-control; निर्ममे (nirmame) - free from possessiveness; धर्मचारिणि (dharmacāriṇi) - abiding in righteousness (feminine); पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask; त्वां (tvāṃ) - you (accusative); वरारोहे (varārohe) - O best-hipped (beautiful-waisted woman); पृष्टा (pṛṣṭā) - having been asked; वद (vada) - speak; मम (mama) - my; इप्सितम् (ipsitam) - desired;]
(In the competent, endowed with tranquility and self-control, free from possessiveness, abiding in righteousness, I ask you, O beautiful-waisted, having been asked, speak my desired (thing).)
O righteous lady, competent, endowed with tranquility and self-control, and free from possessiveness, I ask you, O best-hipped one. Having been questioned, speak that which I desire. (13-134-2)
सावित्री ब्रह्मणः साध्वी कौशिकस्य शची सती। मार्तण्डजस्य धूमोर्णा ऋद्धिर्वैश्रवणस्य च ॥१३-१३४-३॥
sāvitrī brahmaṇaḥ sādhvī kauśikasya śacī satī। mārtaṇḍajasya dhūmorṇā ṛddhirvaiśravaṇasya ca॥13-134-3॥
[सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Sāvitrī; (proper noun; name of a goddess); ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā; (genitive singular); साध्वी (sādhvī) - chaste; virtuous woman; कौशिकस्य (kauśikasya) - of Kaushika; (genitive singular; proper noun); शची (śacī) - Śacī; (proper noun; name of a goddess); सती (satī) - faithful wife; chaste woman; मार्तण्डजस्य (mārtaṇḍajasya) - of Mārtaṇḍaja (son of Mārtaṇḍa [Sun]); (genitive singular; proper noun); धूमोर्णा (dhūmorṇā) - Dhūmorṇā; (proper noun; name of a goddess); ऋद्धिः (ṛddhiḥ) - Ṛddhi; prosperity; (proper noun) वैश्रवणस्य (vaiśravaṇasya) - of Vaiśravaṇa; (genitive singular; proper noun); च (ca) - and;]
(Sāvitrī, of Brahmā, chaste woman; Śacī, of Kaushika, faithful wife; Dhūmorṇā, of Mārtaṇḍaja, Ṛddhi (prosperity), of Vaiśravaṇa and.)
Sāvitrī is the chaste wife of Brahmā, Śacī is the faithful wife of Kaushika, Dhūmorṇā is the wife of Mārtaṇḍaja, and Ṛddhi is the wife of Vaiśravaṇa. (13-134-3)
वरुणस्य ततो गौरी सूर्यस्य च सुवर्चला। रोहिणी शशिनः साध्वी स्वाहा चैव विभावसोः ॥१३-१३४-४॥
varuṇasya tato gaurī sūryasya ca suvarcalā। rohiṇī śaśinaḥ sādhvī svāhā caiva vibhāvasoḥ॥13-134-4॥
[वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuṇa; ततः (tataḥ) - then; गौरी (gaurī) - Gaurī; सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of Sūrya; च (ca) - and; सुवर्चला (suvarcalā) - Suvarcalā; रोहिणी (rohiṇī) - Rohiṇī; शशिनः (śaśinaḥ) - of the Moon; साध्वी (sādhvī) - Sādhvī; स्वाहा (svāhā) - Svāhā; चैव (ca eva) - and also; विभावसोः (vibhāvasoḥ) - of the Fire (Agni);]
(Of Varuṇa then Gaurī, of Sūrya also Suvarcalā, Rohiṇī of the Moon, Sādhvī, Svāhā also of the Fire;)
Then, Gaurī is the wife of Varuṇa, Suvarcalā of Sūrya, Rohiṇī of the Moon, Sādhvī, and Svāhā of the Fire. (13-134-4)
अदितिः कश्यपस्याथ सर्वास्ताः पतिदेवताः। पृष्टाश्चोपासिताश्चैव तास्त्वया देवि नित्यशः ॥१३-१३४-५॥
aditiḥ kaśyapasya atha sarvāḥ tāḥ patidevatāḥ। pṛṣṭāḥ ca upāsitāḥ ca eva tāḥ tvayā devi nityaśaḥ॥13-134-5॥
[अदितिः (aditiḥ) - Aditi; कश्यपस्य (kaśyapasya) - of Kaśyapa; अथ (atha) - then; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; ताः (tāḥ) - they; पतिदेवताः (patidevatāḥ) - having husband as deity; पृष्टाः (pṛṣṭāḥ) - having been asked; च (ca) - and; उपासिताः (upāsitāḥ) - having been worshipped; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ताः (tāḥ) - they; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; देवि (devi) - O goddess; नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly;]
(Aditi (was) of Kaśyapa, then all they, having husband as deity, having been asked and having been worshipped indeed, they by you, O goddess, constantly.)
Aditi was (the wife) of Kaśyapa, and all those devoted to their husbands were constantly asked about and worshipped by you, O goddess. (13-134-5)
तेन त्वां परिपृच्छामि धर्मज्ञे धर्मवादिनि। स्त्रीधर्मं श्रोतुमिच्छामि त्वयोदाहृतमादितः ॥१३-१३४-६॥
tena tvāṃ paripṛcchāmi dharmajñe dharmavādini. strīdharmaṃ śrotum icchāmi tvayodāhṛtam āditaḥ ॥13-134-6॥
[तेन (tena) - by that; by him; त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular); परिपृच्छामि (paripṛcchāmi) - I enquire; I ask; धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - knower of dharma; knower of righteousness; धर्मवादिनि (dharmavādini) - one who expounds on dharma; speaker on righteousness; (vocative feminine singular); स्त्रीधर्मम् (strīdharmaṃ) - woman's dharma; duty of a woman; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; to listen; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; I wish; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - described; stated; enunciated; आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning; from the outset;]
(By that, you, I ask, O knower of dharma, O speaker on dharma; woman's dharma to hear I wish, by you described from the beginning.)
Therefore, I ask you, O knower and expounder of dharma; I wish to hear about the woman's dharma as taught by you from the beginning. (13-134-6)
सहधर्मचरी मे त्वं समशीला समव्रता। समानसारवीर्या च तपस्तीव्रं कृतं च ते ॥ त्वया ह्युक्तो विशेषेण प्रमाणत्वमुपैष्यति ॥१३-१३४-७॥
sahadharmacarī me tvaṁ samaśīlā samavratā। samānasāravīryā ca tapastīvram kṛtaṁ ca te॥ tvayā hyukto viśeṣeṇa pramāṇatvam upaiṣyati॥13-134-7॥
[सहधर्मचरी (sahadharmacarī) - one who follows dharma together; मे (me) - to me; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; समशीला (samaśīlā) - of equal character; समव्रता (samavratā) - equal in vows; समानसारवीर्या (samānasāravīryā) - equal in essence and energy; च (ca) - and; तपस्तीव्रं (tapastīvram) - intense austerity; कृतं (kṛtaṁ) - done; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - by you; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; हि (hi) - indeed; उक्तो (ukto) - spoken; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; प्रमाणत्वम् (pramāṇatvam) - authority; उपैष्यति (upaiṣyati) - will attain;]
(One who follows dharma together to me, you, of equal character, equal in vows, equal in essence and energy, and intense austerity done also by you; indeed, that which is spoken by you, especially, will attain authority.)
You are my companion in dharma, equal in character, vows, and strength of essence, and you have performed intense austerity; indeed, that which is spoken by you will especially attain authority. (13-134-7)
स्त्रियश्चैव विशेषेण स्त्रीजनस्य गतिः सदा। गौर्गां गच्छति सुश्रोणि लोकेष्वेषा स्थितिः सदा ॥१३-१३४-८॥
striyaś caiva viśeṣeṇa strī-janasya gatiḥ sadā। gaur gāṃ gacchati su-śroṇi lokeṣu eṣā sthitiḥ sadā॥13-134-8॥
[स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; च एव (ca eva) - and indeed; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; स्त्रीजनस्य (strī-janasya) - of womankind; गतिः (gatiḥ) - nature; सदा (sadā) - always; गौः (gauḥ) - the cow; गां (gāṃ) - to the meadow; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; सुश्रोणि (su-śroṇi) - O lovely-hipped (lady); लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - among worlds; एषा (eṣā) - this; स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - state; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(Women and indeed especially, the nature of womankind is always (thus). The cow goes to the meadow, O lovely-hipped, among worlds this is the state always.)
Women, especially, always have this nature, O lovely-hipped one. Just as the cow goes to the meadow, so always is this state among the worlds. (13-134-8)
मम चार्धं शरीरस्य मम चार्धाद्विनिःसृता। सुरकार्यकरी च त्वं लोकसन्तानकारिणी ॥१३-१३४-९॥
mama cārdhaṃ śarīrasya mama cārdhād viniḥsṛtā। surakāryakarī ca tvaṃ lokasantānakāriṇī ॥13-134-9॥
[मम (mama) - of me; च (ca) - and; अर्धं (ardham) - half; शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body; मम (mama) - of me; च (ca) - and; अर्धात् (ardhāt) - from half; विनिःसृता (viniḥsṛtā) - emerged; सुरकार्यकरी (surakāryakarī) - performer of the task of the gods; च (ca) - and; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; लोकसन्तानकारिणी (lokasantānakāriṇī) - cause of propagation of the world;]
(Of me and of the body's half, from my half emerged, performer of the task of the gods and you, cause of propagation of the world.)
You, who emerged from my body's half, are the doer of the gods' work and the cause of the continuation of the world. (13-134-9)
तव सर्वः सुविदितः स्त्रीधर्मः शाश्वतः शुभे। तस्मादशेषतो ब्रूहि स्त्रीधर्मं विस्तरेण मे ॥१३-१३४-१०॥
tava sarvaḥ suviditaḥ strīdharmaḥ śāśvataḥ śubhe। tasmādaśeṣato brūhi strīdharmaṃ vistareṇa me ॥13-134-10॥
[तव (tava) - your; of you; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all; entire; सुविदितः (suviditaḥ) - well-known; thoroughly understood; स्त्रीधर्मः (strīdharmaḥ) - the duty of women; women's dharma; शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal; शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - completely; in entirety; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak; tell; स्त्रीधर्मम् (strīdharmaṃ) - the duty of women; women's dharma; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; extensively; मे (me) - to me;]
(Your all thoroughly understood duty of women is eternal, O auspicious one; therefore, completely speak the duty of women in detail to me.)
O auspicious one, you fully know all about the eternal duty of women; therefore, please tell me in detail the complete law of women. (13-134-10)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (a proper noun, name of Pārvatī) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (perfect form of √vac, to speak);]
(Umā said.)
Umā said.
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश भूतभव्यभवोद्भव। त्वत्प्रभावादियं देव वाक्चैव प्रतिभाति मे ॥१३-१३४-११॥
bhagavansarvabhūteśa bhūtabhavyabhavodbhava। tvatprabhāvādiyaṁ deva vākcaiva pratibhāti me॥13-134-11॥
[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; सर्वभूतेश (sarvabhūteśa) - Lord of all beings; भूतभव्यभवोद्भव (bhūtabhavyabhavodbhava) - source of past, future, and present; त्वत्-प्रभावात् (tvat-prabhāvāt) - by your power; इयम् (iyam) - this; देव (deva) - O God; वाक् (vāk) - speech; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - shines forth; appears; मे (me) - to me;]
(O Lord, Lord of all beings, source of past, future, and present; by your power, O God, this speech indeed appears to me.)
O Lord, master of all beings and source of the past, present, and future; by your power, O God, this speech truly comes to me. (13-134-11)
इमास्तु नद्यो देवेश सर्वतीर्थोदकैर्युताः। उपस्पर्शनहेतोस्त्वा समीपस्था उपासते ॥१३-१३४-१२॥
imās tu nadyo deveśa sarvatīrthodakairyutāḥ। upasparśanahetos tvā samīpasthā upāsate॥13-134-12॥
[इमाः (imāḥ) - these (feminine, plural); तु (tu) - but; नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers (feminine, plural); देवेश (deveśa) - O lord of the gods; सर्वतीर्थोदकैः (sarvatīrthodakaiḥ) - with all pilgrimage-waters; युताः (yutāḥ) - endowed; united; possessed; उपस्पर्शनहेतोः (upasparśana-hetos) - for the purpose of touching; for contact; त्वा (tvā) - you; समीपस्था (samīpasthāḥ) - standing near; present; nearby; उपासते (upāsate) - worship; attend; serve;]
(These but rivers, O lord of the gods, endowed with all pilgrimage-waters, for the purpose of touching you, nearby present, worship.)
But these rivers, O lord of the gods, endowed with the waters of all pilgrimages, stay nearby and serve you for the purpose of touching (you). (13-134-12)
एताभिः सह संमन्त्र्य प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः। प्रभवन्योऽनहंवादी स वै पुरुष उच्यते ॥१३-१३४-१३॥
etābhiḥ saha saṁmantrya pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ. prabhavanyo'nahaṁvādī sa vai puruṣa ucyate ॥13-134-13॥
[एताभिः (etābhiḥ) - with these; (fem. inst. pl. of etā) ; सह (saha) - together; with; along with; संमन्त्र्य (saṁmantrya) - having deliberated; having consulted; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall properly declare; I shall speak; अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in the proper order; sequentially; successively; प्रभवन्यः (prabhavanyaḥ) - possessing initiative; having the power of origin; अनहंवादी (anahaṁvādī) - not self-assertive; one who does not speak 'I'; स (sa) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; person; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; is said;]
(With these together, having deliberated, I shall properly declare sequentially. Possessing initiative, not self-assertive, he indeed is called the man.)
Having deliberated together with these, I will set forth in order. He who has initiative and is not self-assertive is truly called a man. (13-134-13)
स्त्री च भूतेश सततं स्त्रियमेवानुधावति। मया संमानिताश्चैव भविष्यन्ति सरिद्वराः ॥१३-१३४-१४॥
strī ca bhūteśa satataṁ striyam evānudhāvati। mayā saṁmānitāś caiva bhaviṣyanti sarid-varāḥ ॥13-134-14॥
[स्त्री (strī) - woman; च (ca) - and; भूतेश (bhūteśa) - lord of beings; सततं (satataṁ) - always; स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman; एव (eva) - only; अनुधावति (anudhāvati) - pursues; मया (mayā) - by me; संमानिताः (saṁmānitāḥ) - honored; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - also; भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - will become; सरिद्वराः (sarid-varāḥ) - the best among rivers;]
(Woman and lord of beings always woman only pursues. By me honored and also will become the best among rivers.)
Woman, and even the lord of beings always pursues only a woman. The rivers that are honored by me will also become the best among rivers. (13-134-14)
एषा सरस्वती पुण्या नदीनामुत्तमा नदी। प्रथमा सर्वसरितां नदी सागरगामिनी ॥१३-१३४-१५॥
eṣā sarasvatī puṇyā nadīnām uttamā nadī। prathamā sarvasaritāṃ nadī sāgaragāminī ॥13-134-15॥
[एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine); सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī; पुण्या (puṇyā) - holy; नदीनाम् (nadīnām) - of rivers; उत्तमा (uttamā) - foremost; नदी (nadī) - river; प्रथमा (prathamā) - first; सर्वसरिताम् (sarvasaritām) - of all streams; नदी (nadī) - river; सागरगामिनी (sāgaragāminī) - moving toward the ocean;]
(This Sarasvatī, holy, of rivers foremost river; first of all streams, river moving toward the ocean.)
This Sarasvatī is the holy and foremost of rivers; she is the first among all streams, the river that moves toward the ocean. (13-134-15)
विपाशा च वितस्ता च चन्द्रभागा इरावती। शतद्रुर्देविका सिन्धुः कौशिकी गोमती तथा ॥१३-१३४-१६॥
vipāśā ca vitastā ca candrabhāgā irāvatī। śatadrurdevikā sindhuḥ kauśikī gomatī tathā॥13-134-16॥
[विपाशा (vipāśā) - Vipāśā (name of a river); च (ca) - and; वितस्ता (vitastā) - Vitastā (name of a river); च (ca) - and; चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā) - Candrabhāgā (name of a river); इरावती (irāvatī) - Irāvatī (name of a river); शतद्रु (śatadruḥ) - Śatadru (name of a river); देविका (devikā) - Devikā (name of a river); सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - Sindhu (name of a river); कौशिकी (kauśikī) - Kauśikī (name of a river); गोमती (gomatī) - Gomatī (name of a river); तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Vipāśā and Vitastā and Candrabhāgā, Irāvatī, Śatadru, Devikā, Sindhu, Kauśikī, Gomatī also.)
Vipāśā, Vitastā, Candrabhāgā, Irāvatī, Śatadru, Devikā, Sindhu, Kauśikī, and Gomatī are also included. (13-134-16)
तथा देवनदी चेयं सर्वतीर्थाभिसंवृता। गगनाद्गां गता देवी गङ्गा सर्वसरिद्वरा ॥१३-१३४-१७॥
tathā devanadī ceyaṃ sarvatīrthābhisaṃvṛtā। gaganādgāṃ gatā devī gaṅgā sarvasaridvarā ॥13-134-17॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; देवनदी (devanadī) - divine river; च (ca) - and; इयं (iyaṃ) - this; सर्वतीर्थाभिसंवृता (sarvatīrthābhisaṃvṛtā) - surrounded by all holy places; गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky; गां (gāṃ) - to the earth; गता (gatā) - having gone; देवी (devī) - goddess; गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā; सर्वसरिद्वरा (sarvasaridvarā) - best of all rivers;]
(Thus, the divine river, and this one, surrounded by all holy places, from the sky to the earth having gone, the goddess Gaṅgā, the best of all rivers.)
Thus the divine river, this Gaṅgā goddess, surrounded by all holy places, descended from the sky to the earth, the best among all rivers. (13-134-17)
इत्युक्त्वा देवदेवस्य पत्नी धर्मभृतां वरा। स्मितपूर्वमिवाभाष्य सर्वास्ताः सरितस्तदा ॥१३-१३४-१८॥
ity uktvā devadevasya patnī dharmabhṛtāṃ varā | smita-pūrvam iva abhāṣya sarvāḥ tāḥ saritaḥ tadā ॥13-134-18॥
[इति (iti) - thus; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; देवदेवस्य (devadevasya) - of the lord of lords; पत्नी (patnī) - wife; धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtām) - among upholders of dharma; वरा (varā) - the best (feminine); स्मितपूर्वम् (smita-pūrvam) - with a smile beforehand; इव (iva) - as if; अभाष्य (abhāṣya) - having spoken; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; ताः (tāḥ) - those; सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers; तदा (tadā) - then;]
(Thus having spoken, the wife of the lord of lords, the best among upholders of dharma, having spoken as if with a smile beforehand, all those rivers then.)
After thus speaking, the wife of the lord of lords, foremost among the upholders of dharma, addressed all those rivers as if with a smile. (13-134-18)
अपृच्छद्देवमहिषी स्त्रीधर्मं धर्मवत्सला। स्त्रीधर्मकुशलास्ता वै गङ्गाद्याः सरितां वराः ॥१३-१३४-१९॥
apṛcchad devamahiṣī strīdharmaṃ dharmavatsalā। strīdharma-kuśalās tā vai gaṅgā-ādyāḥ saritāṃ varāḥ ॥13-134-19॥
[अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - she asked; देवमहिषी (devamahiṣī) - queen of the god; स्त्रीधर्मं (strīdharmaṃ) - duty of women; धर्मवत्सला (dharmavatsalā) - devoted to dharma; स्त्रीधर्मकुशलाः (strīdharma-kuśalāḥ) - skilled in women's duty; ता (tā) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; गङ्गाद्याः (gaṅgā-ādyāḥ) - Gaṅgā and others; सरितां (saritāṃ) - of rivers; वराः (varāḥ) - the best;]
(She asked, the queen of the god, the duty of women, devoted to dharma. Skilled in women's duty, they indeed, Gaṅgā and others, the best of rivers.)
The queen of the god, devoted to dharma, asked about women's duties. Gaṅgā and the other best of rivers, skilled in women's duties, (were present). (13-134-19)
अयं भगवता दत्तः प्रश्नः स्त्रीधर्मसंश्रितः। तं तु संमन्त्र्य युष्माभिर्वक्तुमिच्छामि शङ्करे ॥१३-१३४-२०॥
ayaṃ bhagavatā dattaḥ praśnaḥ strīdharma-saṃśritaḥ। taṃ tu saṃmantrya yuṣmābhir vaktum icchāmi śaṅkare॥13-134-20॥
[अयं (ayaṃ) - this; भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the revered one; दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given; प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - question; स्त्रीधर्मसंश्रितः (strīdharma-saṃśritaḥ) - pertaining to (being) connected with women's dharma; तं (taṃ) - that (question); तु (tu) - but; संमन्त्र्य (saṃmantrya) - after consulting; युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you all; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; शङ्करे (śaṅkare) - O Śaṅkara;]
(This question given by the revered one, connected with women's dharma; that, however, after consulting by you all, I wish to speak, O Śaṅkara.)
This question given by the revered one, which concerns women's dharma—as for that, I wish to speak (on it) after consulting with all of you, O Śaṅkara. (13-134-20)
न चैकसाध्यं पश्यामि विज्ञानं भुवि कस्यचित्। दिवि वा सागरगमास्तेन वो मानयाम्यहम् ॥१३-१३४-२१॥
na caikasādhyaṃ paśyāmi vijñānaṃ bhuvi kasyacit. divi vā sāgaragamās tena vo mānayāmy aham ॥13-134-21॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; also; एकसाध्यं (ekasādhyaṃ) - accomplished by one; पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; विज्ञानं (vijñānaṃ) - knowledge; understanding; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone; of any; दिवि (divi) - in heaven; वा (vā) - or; सागरगमाः (sāgaragamāḥ) - reaching the ocean; traversing the sea; तेन (tena) - by that; therefore; वः (vaḥ) - you (plural); मानयामि (mānayāmi) - I honor; I respect; अहम् (aham) - I;]
(And I do not see on earth the knowledge of anyone accomplished by one. Or in heaven, those who traverse the ocean, by that I honor you.)
I do not perceive on earth the knowledge of anyone accomplished by a single person. Or in heaven, those who reach the ocean—on that account, I honor you. (13-134-21)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
एवं सर्वाः सरिच्छ्रेष्ठाः पृष्टाः पुण्यतमाः शिवाः। ततो देवनदी गङ्गा नियुक्ता प्रतिपूज्य ताम् ॥१३-१३४-२२॥
evaṃ sarvāḥ saricchreṣṭhāḥ pṛṣṭāḥ puṇyatamāḥ śivāḥ। tato devanadī gaṅgā niyuktā pratipūjya tām ॥13-134-22॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; सरिच्छ्रेष्ठाः (saricchreṣṭhāḥ) - best among rivers; पृष्टाः (pṛṣṭāḥ) - questioned; पुण्यतमाः (puṇyatamāḥ) - most meritorious; शिवाः (śivāḥ) - auspicious; ततो (tato) - then; देवनदी (devanadī) - divine river; गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā; नियुक्ता (niyuktā) - appointed; प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having been specially worshipped; ताम् (tām) - her;]
(Thus, all best among rivers, most meritorious, auspicious, having been questioned; then the divine river Gaṅgā, having been specially worshipped, was appointed her.)
Thus, after all the most auspicious and meritorious best of rivers were questioned, then the divine river Gaṅgā, after being specially worshipped, was appointed. (13-134-22)
बह्वीभिर्बुद्धिभिः स्फीता स्त्रीधर्मज्ञा शुचिस्मिता। शैलराजसुतां देवीं पुण्या पापापहां शिवाम् ॥१३-१३४-२३॥
bahvībhiḥ buddhibhiḥ sphītā strīdharmajñā śucismitā। śailarājasutāṃ devīṃ puṇyā pāpāpahāṃ śivām ॥13-134-23॥
[बह्वीभिः (bahvībhiḥ) - with many; (feminine, instrumental plural); बुद्धिभिः (buddhibhiḥ) - with intellects; (instrumental plural); स्फीता (sphītā) - prosperous; increased; स्त्रीधर्मज्ञा (strīdharmajñā) - knower of women's dharma; शुचिस्मिता (śucismitā) - pure-smiled; with a pure smile; शैलराजसुतां (śailarājasutāṃ) - daughter of the king of mountains; देवीं (devīṃ) - goddess; पुण्या (puṇyā) - auspicious; virtuous; पापापहां (pāpāpahāṃ) - remover of sins; शिवाम् (śivām) - auspicious;]
(With many intellects prosperous, knower of women's dharma, pure-smiled, the daughter of the king of mountains, goddess, auspicious, remover of sins, auspicious.)
She, prosperous with many intellects, who knows the duties of women, with a pure smile, the goddess, daughter of the king of the mountains, virtuous and remover of sins, auspicious. (13-134-23)
बुद्ध्या विनयसम्पन्ना सर्वज्ञानविशारदा। सस्मितं बहुबुद्ध्याढ्या गङ्गा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१३-१३४-२४॥
buddhyā vinayasampannā sarvajñānaviśāradā। sasmitam bahubuddhyāḍhyā gaṅgā vacanam abravīt ॥13-134-24॥
[बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; विनयसम्पन्ना (vinayasampannā) - possessed of humility; सर्वज्ञानविशारदा (sarvajñānaviśāradā) - expert in all knowledge; सस्मितं (sasmitam) - smiling; बहुबुद्ध्याढ्या (bahubuddhyāḍhyā) - endowed with great wisdom; गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said;]
(With intelligence, possessed of humility, expert in all knowledge, smiling, endowed with great wisdom, Gaṅgā said speech.)
Gaṅgā, possessed of intelligence, humility, and skill in all knowledge, smiling and endowed with great wisdom, spoke these words. (13-134-24)
धन्याः स्मोऽनुगृहीताः स्मो देवि धर्मपरायणा। या त्वं सर्वजगन्मान्या नदीर्मानयसेऽनघे ॥१३-१३४-२५॥
dhanyāḥ smo'nugṛhītāḥ smo devi dharmaparāyaṇā। yā tvaṃ sarvajaganmānyā nadīrmānayase'naghe ॥13-134-25॥
[धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - fortunate; blessed; स्मः (smaḥ) - we are; अनुगृहीताः (anugṛhītāḥ) - favored; graced; स्मः (smaḥ) - we are; देवि (devi) - O goddess; धर्मपरायणा (dharmaparāyaṇā) - devoted to dharma; या (yā) - who; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; सर्वजगन्मान्या (sarvajaganmānyā) - respected by all the worlds; नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers; मानयसे (mānayase) - you honor; अनघे (anaghe) - O sinless one;]
(Fortunate we are, favored we are, O goddess devoted to dharma; who you, respected by all the worlds, the rivers you honor, O sinless one.)
We are blessed and favored, O goddess devoted to dharma; you, who are honored by all the worlds, honor the rivers, O sinless one. (13-134-25)
प्रभवन्पृच्छते यो हि संमानयति वा पुनः। नूनं जनमदुष्टात्मा पण्डिताख्यां स गच्छति ॥१३-१३४-२६॥
prabhavanpṛcchate yo hi saṁmānayati vā punaḥ। nūnaṁ janamaduṣṭātmā paṇḍitākhyāṁ sa gacchati॥13-134-26॥
[प्रभवन् (prabhavan) - being prominent; पृच्छते (pṛcchate) - asks; यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; संमानयति (saṁmānayati) - honours; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly; जनम् (janam) - person; अदुष्टात्मा (aduṣṭātmā) - one with innocent (unmalicious) mind; पण्डिताख्याम् (paṇḍitākhyām) - the designation ‘wise’; सः (saḥ) - he; गच्छति (gacchati) - attains;]
(Being prominent asks, who indeed honours or again, certainly person with unmalicious mind the designation 'wise' he attains.)
He who, though prominent, asks or again honours others, surely, a person with an innocent mind, attains the designation 'wise.' (13-134-26)
ज्ञानविज्ञानसम्पन्नानूहापोहविशारदान्। प्रवक्तॄन्पृच्छते योऽन्यान्स वै ना पदमर्च्छति ॥१३-१३४-२७॥
jñānavijñānasampannān ūhāpohaviśāradān। pravaktṝn pṛcchate yo' nyān sa vai na padam arcchati ॥13-134-27॥
[ज्ञानविज्ञानसम्पन्नान् (jñānavijñānasampannān) - endowed with knowledge and realization; ऊहापोहविशारदान् (ūhāpohaviśāradān) - expert in inference and elimination; प्रवक्तॄन् (pravaktṝn) - teachers; पृच्छते (pṛcchate) - asks; यः (yaḥ) - who; अन्यान् (anyān) - others; सः (saḥ) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; न (na) - not; पदम् (padam) - goal; अर्च्छति (arcchati) - attains;]
(Endowed with knowledge and realization, expert in inference and elimination, teachers—one who asks others, he indeed does not attain the goal.)
He who asks others, instead of teachers endowed with knowledge, realization, and expertise in inference and elimination, indeed does not attain the goal. (13-134-27)
अन्यथा बहुबुद्ध्याढ्यो वाक्यं वदति संसदि। अन्यथैव ह्यहंमानी दुर्बलं वदते वचः ॥१३-१३४-२८॥
anyathā bahubuddhyāḍhyo vākyaṃ vadati saṃsadi। anyathaiva hyahaṃmānī durbalaṃ vadate vacaḥ ॥13-134-28॥
[अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; बहुबुद्ध्याढ्यः (bahubuddhyāḍhyaḥ) - endowed with much intelligence; वाक्यम् (vākyaṃ) - a statement; वदति (vadati) - speaks; संसदि (saṃsadi) - in an assembly; अन्यथा एव (anyathā eva) - in quite another way; हि (hi) - indeed; अहंमानी (ahaṃmānī) - one with self-conceit; दुर्बलम् (durbalaṃ) - weak; वदते (vadate) - utters; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech;]
(Otherwise, a person endowed with much intelligence speaks a statement in an assembly; but a person full of self-conceit indeed utters weak speech in quite another way.)
Otherwise, one endowed with much intelligence speaks appropriately in an assembly; but the self-conceited one, on the other hand, indeed utters weak words (in a different manner). (13-134-28)
दिव्यज्ञाने दिवि श्रेष्ठे दिव्यपुण्ये सदोत्थिते। त्वमेवार्हसि नो देवि स्त्रीधर्ममनुशासितुम् ॥१३-१३४-२९॥
divya-jñāne divi śreṣṭhe divya-puṇye sadotthite। tvam eva arhasi no devi strī-dharmam anuśāsitum ॥13-134-29॥
[दिव्यज्ञाने (divya-jñāne) - in the divine knowledge; दिवि (divi) - in heaven; श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - in the best; दिव्यपुण्ये (divya-puṇye) - in the divine merit; सदोत्थिते (sadā-utthite) - always arisen; त्वमेव (tvam eva) - you indeed; अर्हसि (arhasi) - are worthy; नः (naḥ) - for us; देवि (devi) - O goddess; स्त्रीधर्मम् (strī-dharmam) - the duty of women; अनुशासितुम् (anuśāsitum) - to instruct;]
(In the divine knowledge, in heaven, in the best, in divine merit, always arisen, you indeed are worthy for us, O goddess, to instruct the duty of women.)
O goddess, you alone, ever possessed of the highest divine knowledge, merits, and virtues, are worthy to instruct us in the duty of women. (13-134-29)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (proper noun; name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular, aorist tense of 'vac' - to say);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
ततः साराधिता देवी गङ्गया बहुभिर्गुणैः। प्राह सर्वमशेषेण स्त्रीधर्मं सुरसुन्दरी ॥१३-१३४-३०॥
tataḥ sārādhitā devī gaṅgayā bahubhir guṇaiḥ। prāha sarvam aśeṣeṇa strīdharmaṃ surasundarī ॥13-134-30॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; साराधिता (sārādhitā) - well-pleased; देवी (devī) - the goddess; गङ्गया (gaṅgayā) - by Gaṅgā; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - virtues; प्राह (prāha) - spoke; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; अशेषेण (aśeṣeṇa) - completely; स्त्रीधर्मम् (strīdharmaṃ) - women's duty; सुरसुन्दरी (surasundarī) - the celestial beauty;]
(Then, well-pleased, the goddess by Gaṅgā with many virtues spoke all entirely women's duty, the celestial beauty.)
Then, the goddess, well-pleased with Gaṅgā's many virtues, the celestial beauty spoke in full about the duties of women. (13-134-30)
स्त्रीधर्मो मां प्रति यथा प्रतिभाति यथाविधि। तमहं कीर्तयिष्यामि तथैव प्रथितो भवेत् ॥१३-१३४-३१॥
strīdharmaḥ māṃ prati yathā pratibhāti yathāvidhi| tam ahaṃ kīrtayiṣyāmi tathaiva prathito bhavet ॥13-134-31॥
[स्त्रीधर्मः (strīdharmaḥ) - the duty of a woman; माम् (mām) - to me; प्रति (prati) - regarding; यथा (yathā) - as; प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - shines forth; appears; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule; तम् (tam) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; कीर्तयिष्यामि (kīrtayiṣyāmi) - shall proclaim; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - well-known; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become;]
(The duty of a woman, regarding me, as it appears, according to rule, that I shall proclaim, just so, may become well-known.)
I shall proclaim the duty of a woman as it appears to me, according to rule, so that it may become well-known. (13-134-31)
स्त्रीधर्मः पूर्व एवायं विवाहे बन्धुभिः कृतः। सहधर्मचरी भर्तुर्भवत्यग्निसमीपतः ॥१३-१३४-३२॥
strīdharmaḥ pūrva evāyaṁ vivāhe bandhubhiḥ kṛtaḥ. sahadharmacarī bhartur bhavaty agnisamīpataḥ ॥13-134-32॥
[स्त्रीधर्मः (strīdharmaḥ) - the duty of a woman; पूर्व (pūrva) - previously; formerly; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; अयम् (ayam) - this; विवाहे (vivāhe) - at the marriage; बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by the relatives; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - established; made; सहधर्मचरी (sahadharmacarī) - co-partner in dharma; one who walks with in dharma; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अग्निसमीपतः (agnisamīpataḥ) - near the fire; in the presence of fire;]
(The duty of a woman—previously indeed this at the marriage by the relatives is established. Co-partner in dharma of the husband she becomes near the fire.)
The duty of a woman is already established at the time of marriage by her relatives. Near the sacred fire she becomes the co-partner in dharma with her husband. (13-134-32)
सुस्वभावा सुवचना सुवृत्ता सुखदर्शना। अनन्यचित्ता सुमुखी भर्तुः सा धर्मचारिणी ॥१३-१३४-३३॥
susvabhāvā suvacanā suvṛttā sukhadarśanā। ananyacittā sumukhī bhartuḥ sā dharmacāriṇī॥13-134-33॥
[सुस्वभावा (susvabhāvā) - of good nature; सुवचना (suvacanā) - well-spoken; सुवृत्ता (suvṛttā) - of good conduct; सुखदर्शना (sukhadarśanā) - pleasant to look at; अनन्यचित्ता (ananyacittā) - with undistracted mind; सुमुखी (sumukhī) - of beautiful face; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; सा (sā) - she; धर्मचारिणी (dharmacāriṇī) - one who follows dharma;]
(Of good nature, well-spoken, of good conduct, pleasant to look at, with undistracted mind, beautiful-faced, of the husband, she, one who follows dharma. (13-134-33))
She, of good nature, gentle speech, good conduct, pleasant appearance, single-mindedness, beautiful face, and devoted to her husband, is one who follows dharma. (13-134-33)
सा भवेद्धर्मपरमा सा भवेद्धर्मभागिनी। देववत्सततं साध्वी या भर्तारं प्रपश्यति ॥१३-१३४-३४॥
sā bhaved dharmaparamā sā bhaved dharmabhāginī। devavat satataṃ sādhvī yā bhartāraṃ prapaśyati॥13-134-34॥
[सा (sā) - she; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; धर्मपरमा (dharmaparamā) - supremely devoted to dharma; सा (sā) - she; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - partaker in dharma; देववत् (devavat) - as a god; सततम् (satatam) - always; साध्वी (sādhvī) - the virtuous woman; या (yā) - who; भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband; प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - regards;]
(She may be supremely devoted to dharma, she may be a partaker in dharma. As a god, always, the virtuous woman who regards her husband.)
She is truly devoted to dharma and shares in dharma who, as a virtuous wife, always regards her husband as a god. (13-134-34)
शुश्रूषां परिचारं च देववद्या करोति च। नान्यभावा ह्यविमनाः सुव्रता सुखदर्शना ॥१३-१३४-३५॥
śuśrūṣāṃ paricāraṃ ca devavadyā karoti ca. nānyabhāvā hyavimanāḥ suvratā sukhadarśanā ॥13-134-35॥
[शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service (with attentive care); परिचारम् (paricāram) - attendance; च (ca) - and; देववद्या (devavadyā) - she who is fit to be honored like a goddess; करोति (karoti) - does; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; अन्यभावा (anyabhāvā) - having thoughts for others; हि (hi) - indeed; अविमनाः (avimanāḥ) - without resentment; सुव्रता (suvratā) - of good vows; सुखदर्शना (sukhadarśanā) - pleasant to behold;]
(Attentive service and attendance she performs, and she who is to be honored like a goddess does (so). Not harboring thoughts of others, indeed without resentment, of good vows, pleasant to behold.)
She renders service and attendance, treats (her husband) as one fit to be honored like a goddess, is not attached to another, indeed is free from resentment, is of good vows, and pleasant in appearance. (13-134-35)
पुत्रवक्त्रमिवाभीक्ष्णं भर्तुर्वदनमीक्षते। या साध्वी नियताचारा सा भवेद्धर्मचारिणी ॥१३-१३४-३६॥
putravaktramivābhīkṣṇaṃ bharturvadanamīkṣate। yā sādhvī niyatācārā sā bhaved dharmacāriṇī॥13-134-36॥
[पुत्रवक्त्रमिव (putravaktram iva) - as (she looks at) the face of her son; अभीक्ष्णं (abhīkṣṇam) - frequently; भर्तुर्वदनम् (bhartuḥ vadanam) - the face of (her) husband; ईक्षते (īkṣate) - she looks at; या (yā) - who; साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous woman; नियताचारा (niyatācārā) - of regulated conduct; सा (sā) - she; भवेत् (bhavet) - is; धर्मचारिणी (dharmacāriṇī) - follower of dharma;]
(Who, as (she looks at) the face of her son, frequently looks at the face of her husband, that virtuous woman of regulated conduct, she is a follower of dharma.)
She who looks frequently at her husband's face as lovingly as at her son's face, that virtuous and disciplined woman is a true follower of dharma. (13-134-36)
श्रुत्वा दम्पतिधर्मं वै सहधर्मकृतं शुभम्। अनन्यचित्ता सुमुखी भर्तुः सा धर्मचारिणी ॥१३-१३४-३७॥
śrutvā dampatidharmaṁ vai sahadharmakṛtaṁ śubham। ananyacittā sumukhī bhartuḥ sā dharmacāriṇī ॥13-134-37॥
[श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; दम्पतिधर्मं (dampatidharmaṁ) - the duty of husband and wife; वै (vai) - indeed; सहधर्मकृतं (sahadharmakṛtaṁ) - accompanied by duty performed together; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; अनन्यचित्ता (ananyacittā) - with undivided mind; सुमुखी (sumukhī) - pleasant-faced; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; सा (sā) - she; धर्मचारिणी (dharmacāriṇī) - practiser of righteousness;]
(Having heard the duty of husband and wife, indeed, the auspicious (duty) performed together, with undivided mind, pleasant-faced, of the husband, she, practiser of righteousness.)
Having heard the auspicious duty of husband and wife performed together, she, of pleasant countenance and undivided mind, devoted to her husband, practiced righteousness. (13-134-37)
परुषाण्यपि चोक्ता या दृष्टा वा क्रूरचक्षुषा। सुप्रसन्नमुखी भर्तुर्या नारी सा पतिव्रता ॥१३-१३४-३८॥
paruṣāṇy api coktā yā dṛṣṭā vā krūracakṣuṣā। suprasannamukhī bhartur yā nārī sā pativratā॥13-134-38॥
[परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words; harsh things; अपि (api) - even; also; च (ca) - and; उक्ता (uktā) - spoken; या (yā) - who; that woman; दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen; वा (vā) - or; क्रूरचक्षुषा (krūracakṣuṣā) - with cruel-eyed (person); by one having a cruel gaze; सुप्रसन्नमुखी (suprasannamukhī) - with very cheerful face; very pleasant-faced; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; या (yā) - who; that (woman); नारी (nārī) - woman; सा (sā) - she; that (woman); पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to her husband; chaste woman;]
(Even if harsh words are spoken or seen by a cruel-eyed (person), the woman who is ever with a very pleasant face towards her husband, she is devoted to her husband.)
A woman who remains cheerful towards her husband, even when spoken to with harsh words or treated cruelly, she is truly devoted to her husband. (13-134-38)
न चन्द्रसूर्यौ न तरुं पुंनाम्नो या निरीक्षते। भर्तृवर्जं वरारोहा सा भवेद्धर्मचारिणी ॥१३-१३४-३९॥
na candrasūryau na taruṃ puṃnāmno yā nirīkṣate। bhartṛ-varjaṃ varārohā sā bhaved dharmacāriṇī॥13-134-39॥
[न (na) - not; चन्द्रसूर्यौ (candra-sūryau) - moon and sun; न (na) - not; तरुं (tarum) - tree; पुंनाम्नः (puṃ-nāmnaḥ) - with a male name; या (yā) - who; निरीक्षते (nirīkṣate) - looks at; भर्तृवर्जं (bhartṛ-varjam) - except husband; वरारोहा (varā-rohā) - excellent woman; सा (sā) - she; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes; धर्मचारिणी (dharma-cāriṇī) - practicing righteousness;]
(Not moon and sun, not tree with a male name, who looks at; except husband, excellent woman, she becomes practicing righteousness.)
An excellent woman who looks at nothing but her husband—not even the moon and sun, nor a tree with a male name—she is one who practices righteousness. (13-134-39)
दरिद्रं व्याधितं दीनमध्वना परिकर्शितम्। पतिं पुत्रमिवोपास्ते सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४०॥
daridraṃ vyādhitaṃ dīnamadhvanā parikarśitam। patiṃ putramivopāste sā nārī dharmabhāginī ॥13-134-40॥
[दरिद्रं (daridraṃ) - poor; व्याधितं (vyādhitaṃ) - afflicted with disease; दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed; अध्वना (adhvanā) - by hardship; परिकर्शितम् (parikarśitam) - tormented; पतिं (patiṃ) - the husband; पुत्रमिव (putram iva) - as a son; उपास्ते (upāste) - serves; सा (sā) - she; नारी (nārī) - woman; धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - partaker in dharma;]
(Poor, afflicted with disease, distressed by hardship, tormented—the husband as a son she serves, that woman, partaker in dharma.)
A woman who serves her husband, even when he is poor, afflicted with disease, distressed and tormented by hardship, as she would a son—she is truly a partaker in dharma. (13-134-40)
या नारी प्रयता दक्षा या नारी पुत्रिणी भवेत्। पतिप्रिया पतिप्राणा सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४१॥
yā nārī prayatā dakṣā yā nārī putriṇī bhavet। patipriyā patiprāṇā sā nārī dharmabhāginī ॥13-134-41॥
[या (yā) - who; (feminine singular nominative); नारी (nārī) - woman; प्रयता (prayatā) - pure; devoted; दक्षा (dakṣā) - skilled; competent; या (yā) - who; (feminine singular nominative); नारी (nārī) - woman; पुत्रिणी (putriṇī) - endowed with sons; having sons; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; would be; पतिप्रिया (patipriyā) - beloved of husband; पतिप्राणा (patiprāṇā) - whose life is her husband; सा (sā) - she; (feminine singular nominative); नारी (nārī) - woman; धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - the sharer in dharma; the one who participates in righteousness;]
(Who woman is pure, skilled; who woman is endowed with sons may be; beloved of husband, whose life is her husband, she woman sharer in dharma.)
A woman, who is pure and skilled, who has sons, who is beloved of her husband and whose very life is her husband—she is the woman who partakes in dharma. (13-134-41)
शुश्रूषां परिचर्यां च करोत्यविमनाः सदा। सुप्रतीता विनीता च सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४२॥
śuśrūṣāṃ paricaryāṃ ca karotyavimanāḥ sadā। supratītā vinītā ca sā nārī dharmabhāginī ॥13-134-42॥
[शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service; परिचर्याम् (paricaryām) - attendance; च (ca) - and; करोति (karoti) - does; अविमनाः (avimanāḥ) - without dejection; सदा (sadā) - always; सुप्रतीता (supratītā) - well-understood; विनीता (vinītā) - humble; च (ca) - and; सा (sā) - she; नारी (nārī) - woman; धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - sharer in virtue;]
(Service, attendance and does without dejection always; well-understood, humble and she, woman, sharer in virtue.)
The woman who always serves and attends without dejection, who is well-understood and humble, she is a sharer in virtue. (13-134-42)
न कामेषु न भोगेषु नैश्वर्ये न सुखे तथा। स्पृहा यस्या यथा पत्यौ सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४३॥
na kāmeṣu na bhogeṣu naiśvarye na sukhe tathā। spṛhā yasyā yathā patyau sā nārī dharmabhāginī ॥13-134-43॥
[न (na) - not; कामेषु (kāmeṣu) - in desires; न (na) - not; भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in enjoyments; नैश्वर्ये (naiśvarye) - in sovereignty; न (na) - not; सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness; तथा (tathā) - so; likewise; स्पृहा (spṛhā) - desire; यस्या (yasyā) - of whom; यथा (yathā) - just as; as; पत्यौ (patyau) - in (her) husband; सा (sā) - she; नारी (nārī) - woman; धर्मभागिनी (dharmabhāginī) - partaker in dharma;]
(Not in desires, not in enjoyments, not in sovereignty, not in happiness likewise is the desire of whom, as (it is) in (her) husband, she (is) a woman partaking in dharma.)
She is a woman who partakes in righteousness, whose desire is for her husband as it is not for desires, enjoyments, sovereignty, or happiness. (13-134-43)
कल्योत्थानरता नित्यं गुरुशुश्रूषणे रता। सुसंमृष्टक्षया चैव गोशकृत्कृतलेपना ॥१३-१३४-४४॥
kalyotthānaratā nityaṃ guruśuśrūṣaṇe ratā। susaṃmṛṣṭakṣayā caiva gośakṛtkṛtalepanā ॥13-134-44॥
[कल्य उत्थान रता (kalya utthāna ratā) - engaged in early rising; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; गुरु शुश्रूषणे (guru śuśrūṣaṇe) - in serving the teacher; रता (ratā) - devoted; सुसंमृष्ट क्षया (susaṃmṛṣṭa kṣayā) - having a well-cleaned house; च एव (ca eva) - and indeed; गोषकृत् कृत लेपना (gośakṛt kṛta lepanā) - smeared (house) with cow-dung;]
(Engaged in early rising, always devoted in serving the teacher, with a well-cleaned house, and indeed with the house smeared with cow-dung.)
She is habitually an early riser, always devoted to serving her teacher, keeps her house well cleaned and smeared with cow-dung. (13-134-44)
अग्निकार्यपरा नित्यं सदा पुष्पबलिप्रदा। देवतातिथिभृत्यानां निरुप्य पतिना सह ॥१३-१३४-४५॥
agnikāryaparā nityaṃ sadā puṣpabalipradā। devatātithibhṛtyānāṃ nirupya patinā saha ॥13-134-45॥
[अग्निकार्यपरा (agnikāryaparā) - devoted to fire-rites; (perā — engaged in; agnikārya — fire rituals;) नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; सदा (sadā) - ever; पुष्पबलिप्रदा (puṣpabalipradā) - offerer of flowers and oblations; देवतातिथिभृत्यानां (devatātithibhṛtyānāṃ) - to deities, guests, and servants; निरुप्य (nirupya) - having assigned; पतिना (patinā) - with the husband; सह (saha) - together with;]
(Devoted to fire-rites always, ever offerer of flowers and oblations, to deities, guests, and servants, having assigned together with the husband.)
She is always devoted to fire-rites, ever offering flowers and oblations, assigning them to deities, guests, and servants together with her husband. (13-134-45)
शेषान्नमुपभुञ्जाना यथान्यायं यथाविधि। तुष्टपुष्टजना नित्यं नारी धर्मेण युज्यते ॥१३-१३४-४६॥
śeṣānnam upabhuñjānā yathā-nyāyaṃ yathā-vidhi. tuṣṭa-puṣṭa-janā nityaṃ nārī dharmeṇa yujyate ॥13-134-46॥
[शेषान्नम् (śeṣānnam) - remaining food; उपभुञ्जाना (upabhuñjānā) - eating; (she who is) enjoying; यथा (yathā) - as; in accordance with; अन्यायम् (anyāyam) - justice; propriety; यथा (yathā) - as; in accordance with; विधि (vidhi) - rule; injunction; तुष्ट (tuṣṭa) - contented; पुष्ट (puṣṭa) - nourished; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; नारी (nārī) - woman; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma; by righteousness; युज्यते (yujyate) - is engaged; is joined;]
(Eating the remaining food, as is proper, as is according to rule, contented, nourished people always, a woman is engaged by dharma.)
A woman, eating the remaining food in accordance with justice and rule, and always being content and nourished, is joined with dharma. (13-134-46)
श्वश्रूश्वशुरयोः पादौ तोषयन्ती गुणान्विता। मातापितृपरा नित्यं या नारी सा तपोधना ॥१३-१३४-४७॥
śvaśrūśvaśurayoḥ pādau toṣayantī guṇānvitā। mātāpitr̥parā nityaṃ yā nārī sā tapodhanā ॥13-134-47॥
[श्वश्रूश्वशुरयोः (śvaśrūśvaśurayoḥ) - of mother-in-law and father-in-law; पादौ (pādau) - the feet; तोषयन्ती (toṣayantī) - serving (making happy); गुणान्विता (guṇānvitā) - endowed with virtues; मातापितृपरा (mātāpitr̥parā) - devoted to mother and father; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; या (yā) - who; नारी (nārī) - woman; सा (sā) - she; तपोधना (tapodhanā) - rich in austerity;]
(Of mother-in-law and father-in-law the feet serving, endowed with virtues, devoted to mother and father always, who woman, she rich in austerity.)
A woman who serves the feet of her mother-in-law and father-in-law, is endowed with virtues, is always devoted to her mother and father—she is rich in austerity. (13-134-47)
ब्राह्मणान्दुर्बलानाथान्दीनान्धकृपणांस्तथा। बिभर्त्यन्नेन या नारी सा पतिव्रतभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४८॥
brāhmaṇān durbalān āthān dīnān dākṛpaṇāṃs tathā। bibharty annena yā nārī sā pativratabhāginī ॥13-134-48॥
[ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brāhmaṇas; दुर्बलान् (durbalān) - those who are weak; आथान् (āthān) - those in distress; दीनान् (dīnān) - the miserable; कृपणान् (kṛpaṇān) - the pitiable; तथा (tathā) - likewise; बिभर्ति (bibharti) - supports; अन्नेन (annena) - with food; या (yā) - who (feminine); नारी (nārī) - woman; सा (sā) - she; पतिव्रतभागिनी (pativratabhāginī) - she who possesses the merit of being devoted to her husband;]
(Brāhmaṇas, those who are weak, those in distress, the miserable, the pitiable, likewise; supports with food who woman she pativratabhāginī.)
The woman who supports with food Brāhmaṇas, the weak, the distressed, the miserable, and the pitiable—she is possessed of the merit of being devoted to her husband. (13-134-48)
व्रतं चरति या नित्यं दुश्चरं लघुसत्त्वया। पतिचित्ता पतिहिता सा पतिव्रतभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-४९॥
vrataṃ carati yā nityaṃ duścaraṃ laghusattvayā। paticittā patihitā sā pativratabhāginī ॥13-134-49॥
[व्रतम् (vratam) - vow; ritual observance; चरति (carati) - practices; follows; या (yā) - who; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; constantly; दुश्चरं (duścaraṃ) - difficult to perform; लघुसत्त्वया (laghusattvayā) - by one of weak nature; पतिचित्ताः (paticittā) - whose mind is on her husband; पतिहिता (patihitā) - devoted to her husband; सा (sā) - she; पतिक्रवभागिनी (pativratabhāginī) - one who partakes in the vow of devotion to husband;]
(Who always practices the vow, difficult to perform by one of weak nature; whose mind is on her husband, devoted to her husband, she is the partaker of the vow of devotion to husband.)
She who always practices the vow, which is difficult to follow for those of weak nature, whose mind is set on her husband and is devoted to him, she is called a true pativratā (a woman devoted to her husband). (13-134-49)
पुण्यमेतत्तपश्चैव स्वर्गश्चैष सनातनः। या नारी भर्तृपरमा भवेद्भर्तृव्रता शिवा ॥१३-१३४-५०॥
puṇyam etat tapaś caiva svargaś caiṣa sanātanaḥ। yā nārī bhartṛparamā bhaved bhartṛvratā śivā ॥13-134-50॥
[पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit; एतत् (etat) - this; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; च एव (ca eva) - and indeed; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; च एषः (ca eṣaḥ) - and this; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; या (yā) - who; नारी (nārī) - woman; भर्तृ-परमा (bhartṛ-paramā) - supremely devoted to husband; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; भर्तृ-व्रता (bhartṛ-vratā) - one observing vow to husband; शिवा (śivā) - auspicious;]
(Merit this austerity indeed and heaven and this eternal; who woman supremely devoted to husband may be, one observing vow to husband, auspicious.)
This is merit, this indeed is austerity, this is eternal heaven—the woman who is supremely devoted to her husband, who observes the vow to her husband, she is auspicious. (13-134-50)
पतिर्हि देवो नारीणां पतिर्बन्धुः पतिर्गतिः। पत्या समा गतिर्नास्ति दैवतं वा यथा पतिः ॥१३-१३४-५१॥
patir hi devo nārīṇāṃ patir bandhuḥ patir gatiḥ। patyā samā gatir nāsti daivataṃ vā yathā patiḥ ॥13-134-51॥
[पतिः (patiḥ) - husband; हि (hi) - indeed; देवः (devaḥ) - deity; नारीणां (nārīṇāṃ) - of women; पतिः (patiḥ) - husband; बन्धुः (bandhuḥ) - relative; पतिः (patiḥ) - husband; गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge; पत्या (patyā) - by the husband; समा (samā) - equal; गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; दैवतम् (daivatam) - deity; वा (vā) - or; यथा (yathā) - as; पतिः (patiḥ) - husband;]
(Husband indeed deity of women; husband relative; husband refuge; by husband equal refuge there is not deity or as husband.)
The husband is indeed the god for women; the husband is their kin, their refuge. There is no protection equal to the husband—no deity like the husband. (13-134-51)
पतिप्रसादः स्वर्गो वा तुल्यो नार्या न वा भवेत्। अहं स्वर्गं न हीच्छेयं त्वय्यप्रीते महेश्वर ॥१३-१३४-५२॥
patiprasādaḥ svargo vā tulyo nāryā na vā bhavet। ahaṃ svargaṃ na hīccheyaṃ tvayyaprīte maheśvara ॥13-134-52॥
[पतिप्रसादः (patiprasādaḥ) - favor of the husband; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; वा (vā) - or; तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal; नार्याः (nāryāḥ) - for a woman; न (na) - not; वा (vā) - or; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; अहम् (aham) - I; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; इच्छेयं (iccheyaṃ) - would desire; त्वयि (tvayi) - in you; अप्रीते (aprīte) - not pleased; महेश्वर (maheśvara) - O great lord;]
(The favor of the husband or heaven may be equal for a woman or may not be; I would not indeed desire heaven, O great lord, if you are not pleased.)
For a woman, her husband's favor may be equal to heaven or not; O great lord, I would not desire heaven at all if you are not pleased with me. (13-134-52)
यद्यकार्यमधर्मं वा यदि वा प्राणनाशनम्। पतिर्ब्रूयाद्दरिद्रो वा व्याधितो वा कथञ्चन ॥१३-१३४-५३॥
yadyakāryam adharmaṃ vā yadi vā prāṇa-nāśanam। patir brūyād daridro vā vyādhito vā kathaṃcana ॥13-134-53॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; अकार्यम् (akāryam) - what should not be done; अधर्मं (adharmaṃ) - unrighteousness; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; प्राणनाशनम् (prāṇa-nāśanam) - destruction of life; पतिः (patiḥ) - the husband; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should command; दरिद्रो (daridraḥ) - poor; वा (vā) - or; व्याधितः (vyādhitaḥ) - afflicted with disease; वा (vā) - or; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - under any circumstance;]
(If (he commands) what should not be done or unrighteousness, or if (he commands) destruction of life, if the husband should command—be he poor or afflicted with disease or under any circumstance.)
If the husband, whether poor, afflicted with disease, or under any circumstance, commands what should not be done, unrighteousness, or even the destruction of life, (then...) (13-134-53)
आपन्नो रिपुसंस्थो वा ब्रह्मशापार्दितोऽपि वा। आपद्धर्माननुप्रेक्ष्य तत्कार्यमविशङ्कया ॥१३-१३४-५४॥
āpanno ripu-saṃstho vā brahma-śāpārdito'pi vā। āpaddharmān anuprekṣya tat kāryam aviśaṅkayā ॥13-134-54॥
[आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - afflicted; रिपुसंस्थः (ripu-saṃsthaḥ) - placed among enemies; वा (vā) - or; ब्रह्मशापार्दितः (brahma-śāpa-ārditaḥ) - afflicted by a curse of a brāhmaṇa; अपि (api) - even; वा (vā) - or; आपद्धर्मान् (āpaddharmān) - codes of conduct in adversity; अनुप्रेक्ष्य (anuprekṣya) - considering; तत् (tat) - that; कार्यं (kāryam) - action; अविशङ्कया (aviśaṅkayā) - without hesitation;]
(Afflicted, placed among enemies or even afflicted by a brāhmaṇa's curse, or, considering the codes of conduct in adversity, that action (should be done) without hesitation.)
Whether one is afflicted, placed among enemies, or even struck by a brāhmaṇa's curse, one should, considering the codes of conduct in adversity, undertake that action without hesitation. (13-134-54)
एष देव मया प्रोक्तः स्त्रीधर्मो वचनात्तव। या त्वेवम्भाविनी नारी सा भवेद्धर्मभागिनी ॥१३-१३४-५५॥
eṣa deva mayā proktaḥ strīdharmaḥ vacanāt tava. yā tu evam-bhāvinī nārī sā bhavet dharma-bhāginī ॥13-134-55॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; देव (deva) - O god; मया (mayā) - by me; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - spoken; स्त्रीधर्मः (strīdharmaḥ) - woman's duty; वचनात् (vacanāt) - from (your) statement; तव (tava) - your; या (yā) - who; तु (tu) - but; एवम् (evam) - thus; भाविनी (bhāvinī) - thinking; नारी (nārī) - woman; सा (sā) - she; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes; धर्मभागिनी (dharma-bhāginī) - sharer of merit;]
(This, O god, has been spoken by me: woman's duty, from your statement. Who but thus-thinking woman, she becomes sharer of merit.)
O god, this woman's duty has been declared by me according to your statement. Any woman who thinks thus becomes a sharer in righteousness. (13-134-55)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; uttered;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
इत्युक्तः स तु देवेशः प्रतिपूज्य गिरेः सुताम्। लोकान्विसर्जयामास सर्वैरणुचरैः सह ॥१३-१३४-५६॥
ity-uktaḥ sa tu deveśaḥ pratipūjya gireḥ sutām। lokān visarjayāmāsa sarvaiḥ anucaraiḥ saha॥13-134-56॥
[इति-उक्तः (iti-uktaḥ) - thus having been spoken to; स (sa) - he; तु (tu) - but; देवेशः (deveśaḥ) - the lord of the gods; प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having duly honoured; गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain; सुताम् (sutām) - daughter; लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds; विसर्जयामास (visarjayāmāsa) - sent away; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - with all; अनुचरैः (anucaraiḥ) - attendants; सह (saha) - together with;]
(Thus having been spoken to, he but the lord of the gods, having duly honoured the daughter of the mountain, sent away the worlds with all attendants together.)
Thus addressed, the lord of the gods, after duly honouring the daughter of the mountain, dismissed the worlds along with all their attendants. (13-134-56)
ततो ययुर्भूतगणाः सरितश्च यथागतम्। गन्धर्वाप्सरसश्चैव प्रणम्य शिरसा भवम् ॥१३-१३४-५७॥
tato yayur bhūtagaṇāḥ saritaś ca yathāgatam. gandharvāpsarasaś caiva praṇamya śirasā bhavam ॥13-134-57॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; ययुः (yayuḥ) - went; भूतगणाः (bhūtagaṇāḥ) - the hosts of beings; सरितः (saritaḥ) - the rivers; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - as; आगतम् (āgatam) - they had come; गन्धर्वाप्सरसः (gandharvāpsarasaḥ) - the Gandharvas and Apsarases; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed; शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head; भवम् (bhavam) - to Bhava (Śiva);]
(Then went the hosts of beings and the rivers as they had come; the Gandharvas and Apsarases also, having bowed with their heads to Bhava (Śiva).)
Then the hosts of beings and the rivers departed as they had come; and the Gandharvas and Apsarases, too, bowed their heads to Bhava (Śiva). (13-134-57)
