13.149
युधिष्ठिरप्रश्नः
yudhiṣṭhira-praśnaḥ
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun; name of a person); प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - question;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira question;)
The question of Yudhiṣṭhira.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]
(Yudhishthira spoke;)
Yudhishthira said.
नाभागधेयः प्राप्नोति धनं सुबलवानपि। भागधेयान्वितस्त्वर्थान्कृशो बालश्च विन्दति ॥१३-१४९-१॥
nābhāgadheyaḥ prāpnoti dhanaṃ subalavān api। bhāgadheyānvitāḥ tu arthān kṛśaḥ bālaḥ ca vindati॥13-149-1॥
[न (na) - not; भागधेयः (bhāgadheyaḥ) - fortunate; endowed with luck; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; obtains; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; money; सुबलवान् (subalavān) - very strong; अपि (api) - even; भागधेयान्वितः (bhāgadheyānvitaḥ) - possessed of fortune; endowed with luck; तु (tu) - but; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects; wealth; कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - weak; thin; बालः (bālaḥ) - child; immature person; च (ca) - and; विन्दति (vindati) - obtains; finds;]
(Not the one without fortune attains wealth, even (if) very strong. But the one endowed with fortune, weak and a child also, attains objects.)
A person without fortune, even if very strong, does not obtain wealth. But one endowed with fortune, even if weak or a child, still obtains riches. (13-149-1)
नालाभकाले लभते प्रयत्नेऽपि कृते सति। लाभकालेऽप्रयत्नेन लभते विपुलं धनम् ॥ कृतयत्नाफलाश्चैव दृश्यन्ते शतशो नराः ॥१३-१४९-२॥
nā-lābha-kāle labhate prayatne’pi kṛte sati। lābha-kāle’prayatnena labhate vipulaṃ dhanam॥ kṛta-yatna-aphalāś caiva dṛśyante śataśo narāḥ॥13-149-2॥
[नालाभकाले (nā-lābha-kāle) - in the time of non-gain; लभते (labhate) - obtains; प्रयत्नेऽपि (prayatne’pi) - even with effort; कृते (kṛte) - being made; सति (sati) - while (it is) present; लाभकाले (lābha-kāle) - in the time of gain; अप्रयत्नेन (aprayatnena) - without effort; लभते (labhate) - obtains; विपुलं (vipulaṃ) - abundant; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; कृतयत्न (kṛta-yatna) - with effort made; अफलाः (aphalāḥ) - fruitless; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds; नराः (narāḥ) - men;]
(In the time of non-gain, even with effort having been made, (one) obtains nothing. In the time of gain, without effort, (one) obtains abundant wealth. Men with effort made but fruitless are indeed seen by hundreds.)
When it is not the time for gain, even if effort is made, one does not obtain (results); but in the time for gain, one obtains abundant wealth even without effort. Indeed, men who have made effort but are fruitless are seen by the hundreds. (13-149-2)
यदि यत्नो भवेन्मर्त्यः स सर्वं फलमाप्नुयात्। नालभ्यं चोपलभ्येत नृणां भरतसत्तम ॥१३-१४९-३॥
yadi yatno bhavenmartyaḥ sa sarvaṁ phalam āpnuyāt। nālabhyaṁ copalabhyeta nṛṇāṁ bharatasattama ॥13-149-3॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort; भवेत् (bhavet) - exists (should be, is made); मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal (man); सः (saḥ) - he; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; फलम् (phalam) - result; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may attain; न (na) - not; अलभ्यम् (alabhyam) - unattainable; च (ca) - and; उपलभ्येत (upalabhyeta) - would not be obtained; नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - by men; भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(If effort exists, a mortal may attain all result. Not unattainable also would not be obtained by men, O best of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, if a mortal exerts himself, he may attain all results. There is nothing unattainable by men. (13-149-3)
यदा प्रयत्नं कृतवान्दृश्यते ह्यफलो नरः। मार्गन्नयशतैरर्थानमार्गंश्चापरः सुखी ॥१३-१४९-४॥
yadā prayatnaṃ kṛtavān dṛśyate hy aphalo naraḥ। mārgan nayasatair arthān amārgaṃ ca aparaḥ sukhī ॥13-149-4॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; प्रयत्नं (prayatnam) - effort; कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - has made; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; हि (hi) - indeed; अफलः (aphalaḥ) - fruitless; नरः (naraḥ) - man; मार्गन् (mārgan) - seeking (on the right path); नयशतैः (nayaśataiḥ) - by hundreds of stratagems; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects (wealth); अमार्गम् (amārgam) - in the wrong way; च (ca) - and; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; सुखी (sukhī) - happy;]
(When a man, who has made effort, is seen indeed fruitless, seeking objects by hundreds of stratagems on the right path; and another by the wrong way is happy.)
When a man, although making every effort and following hundreds of correct strategies, is seen to be fruitless, and another, taking the wrong path, is happy, (13-149-4)
अकार्यमसकृत्कृत्वा दृश्यन्ते ह्यधना नराः। धनयुक्तास्त्वधर्मस्था दृश्यन्ते चापरे जनाः ॥१३-१४९-५॥
akāryam asakṛt kṛtvā dṛśyante hi adhanā narāḥ। dhana-yuktāḥ tu adharma-sthāḥ dṛśyante ca apare janāḥ॥13-149-5॥
[अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; हि (hi) - indeed; अधनाः (adhanāḥ) - without wealth; नराः (narāḥ) - men; धनयुक्ताः (dhana-yuktāḥ) - endowed with wealth; तु (tu) - but; अधर्मस्थाः (adharma-sthāḥ) - settled in unrighteousness; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; च (ca) - also; अपरे (apare) - other; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(Improper act repeatedly having performed are seen indeed without-wealth men. With-wealth but in unrighteousness abiding are seen also other people.)
Men who have repeatedly committed improper acts are seen to be without wealth indeed. On the other hand, other people, though endowed with wealth, are seen living in unrighteousness. (13-149-5)
अधीत्य नीतिं यस्माच्च नीतियुक्तो न दृश्यते। अनभिज्ञश्च साचिव्यं गमितः केन हेतुना ॥ विद्यायुक्तो ह्यविद्यश्च धनवान्दुर्गतस्तथा ॥१३-१४९-६॥
adhītya nītiṃ yasmācca nītiyukto na dṛśyate। anabhijñaśca sācivyaṃ gamitaḥ kena hetunā ॥ vidyāyukto hyavidyaśca dhanavān durgatas tathā ॥13-149-6॥
[अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied; नीतिं (nītiṃ) - policy; यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom; च (ca) - and; नीतियुक्तः (nītiyuktaḥ) - possessed of policy; न (na) - not; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; अनभिज्ञः (anabhijñaḥ) - ignorant; च (ca) - and; साचिव्यम् (sācivyam) - ministership; गमितः (gamitaḥ) - has been appointed; केन (kena) - by what; हेतुना (hetunā) - cause; विद्यायुक्तः (vidyāyuktaḥ) - endowed with knowledge; हि (hi) - indeed; अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - ignorant; च (ca) - and; धनवान् (dhanavān) - wealthy; दुर्गतः (durgataḥ) - destitute; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(Having studied policy, from whom even (the) one possessing policy is not seen. Ignorant and yet ministership has been given; by what cause? Endowed with knowledge, indeed ignorant, and (he is) wealthy, (while another is) destitute likewise. (13-149-6))
Even after having studied policy, we do not see one possessing policy. An ignorant person has been appointed to ministership; by what reason? Someone endowed with knowledge is impoverished, while the ignorant is wealthy. (13-149-6)
यदि विद्यामुपाश्रित्य नरः सुखमवाप्नुयात्। न विद्वान्विद्यया हीनं वृत्त्यर्थमुपसंश्रयेत् ॥१३-१४९-७॥
yadi vidyām-upāśritya naraḥ sukham-avāpnuyāt। na vidvān vidyayā hīnaṃ vṛtty-artham-upasaṃśrayet॥13-149-7॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge (accusative); उपाश्रित्य (upāśritya) - having resorted to; having taken refuge in; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; pleasure; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - might obtain; may attain; न (na) - not; विद्वान् (vidvān) - a learned person; the wise; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge; हीनम् (hīnam) - deprived; bereft; वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛtty-artham) - for the purpose of livelihood; उपसंश्रयेत् (upasaṃśrayet) - should resort to; should approach;]
(If, having resorted to knowledge, a man may obtain happiness, the learned should not resort, by knowledge, to one bereft (of knowledge) for the purpose of livelihood.)
If a man obtains happiness by resorting to knowledge, the learned should not seek support for his livelihood from one who is bereft of knowledge by means of his learning. (13-149-7)
यथा पिपासां जयति पुरुषः प्राप्य वै जलम्। दृष्टार्थो विद्ययाप्येवमविद्यां प्रजहेन्नरः ॥१३-१४९-८॥
yathā pipāsāṃ jayati puruṣaḥ prāpya vai jalam। dṛṣṭārtho vidyayā pyev am avidyāṃ prajahen naraḥ ॥13-149-8॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; पिपासाम् (pipāsām) - thirst; जयति (jayati) - conquers; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; वै (vai) - indeed; जलम् (jalam) - water; दृष्टार्थः (dṛṣṭārthaḥ) - having perceived the object; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge; अपि (api) - also; एवम् (evam) - so; अविद्याम् (avidyām) - ignorance; प्रजहेत् (prajahēt) - should abandon; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Just as a man conquers thirst having indeed obtained water, so a man, having perceived the object, should also abandon ignorance by knowledge.)
Just as a man, on obtaining water, conquers his thirst, so should a man, having perceived the truth, abandon ignorance by means of knowledge. (13-149-8)
नाप्राप्तकालो म्रियते विद्धः शरशतैरपि। तृणाग्रेणापि संस्पृष्टः प्राप्तकालो न जीवति ॥१३-१४९-९॥
nāprāptakālo mriyate viddhaḥ śaraśatair api। tṛṇāgreṇāpi saṃspṛṣṭaḥ prāptakālo na jīvati ॥13-149-9॥
[नाप्राप्तकालः (nāprāptakālaḥ) - whose time has not arrived; म्रियते (mriyate) - dies; विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced; शरशतैः (śaraśataiḥ) - by hundreds of arrows; अपि (api) - even; तृणाग्रेण (tṛṇāgreṇa) - by the tip of a blade of grass; अपि (api) - even; संस्पृष्टः (saṃspṛṣṭaḥ) - touched; प्राप्तकालः (prāptakālaḥ) - whose time has come; न (na) - not; जीवति (jīvati) - lives;]
(Whose time has not arrived dies not, pierced by hundreds of arrows even; by the tip of grass even, touched, whose time has come does not live.)
One whose time has not come does not die, even if pierced by hundreds of arrows; but one whose time has come does not live, even if only touched by the tip of a blade of grass. (13-149-9)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
ईहमानः समारम्भान्यदि नासादयेद्धनम्। उग्रं तपः समारोहेन्न ह्यनुप्तं प्ररोहति ॥१३-१४९-१०॥
īhamānaḥ samārambhān yadi na āsādayet dhanam। ugraṃ tapaḥ samārohet na hi anuptaṃ prarohati ॥13-149-10॥
[ईहमानः (īhamānaḥ) - striving; समारम्भान् (samārambhān) - efforts; यदि (yadi) - if; न (na) - not; आसादयेत् (āsādayet) - attains; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; उग्रम् (ugram) - intense; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; समारोहेत् (samārohet) - should undertake; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; अनुप्तम् (anuptam) - not sown; प्ररोहति (prarohati) - sprouts;]
(Striving efforts if not attains wealth, intense austerity should undertake; not indeed not sown sprouts.)
If one's efforts do not attain wealth despite striving, one should undertake intense austerity; for indeed, that which is not sown does not sprout. (13-149-10)
दानेन भोगी भवति मेधावी वृद्धसेवया। अहिंसया च दीर्घायुरिति प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१३-१४९-११॥
dānena bhogī bhavati medhāvi vṛddhasevayā। ahiṁsayā ca dīrghāyuriti prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ॥13-149-11॥
[दानेन (dānena) - by giving; through charity; भोगी (bhogī) - one who enjoys; enjoyer; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; मेधावी (medhāvi) - wise; intelligent; वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by service to elders; अहिंसया (ahiṁsayā) - by non-violence; च (ca) - and; दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived; one having long life; इति (iti) - thus; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise ones;]
(By giving, one becomes an enjoyer; wise by service to elders; by non-violence and long-lived—thus they say the wise ones.)
Through charity, a person becomes one who enjoys; through service to elders, one becomes wise; and through non-violence, one attains a long life—so say the wise. (13-149-11)
तस्माद्दद्यान्न याचेत पूजयेद्धार्मिकानपि। स्वाभाषी प्रियकृच्छुद्धः सर्वसत्त्वाविहिंसकः ॥१३-१४९-१२॥
tasmāddadyānna yāceta pūjayeddhārmikānapi. svābhāṣī priyakṛcchuddhaḥ sarvasattvāvi-hiṁsakaḥ ॥13-149-12॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; न (na) - not; याचेत् (yāceta) - should ask; पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should honor; धार्मिकान् (dhārmikān) - the righteous; अपि (api) - even; स्वाभाषी (svābhāṣī) - who speaks his own speech; प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - who does what is pleasing; शुद्धः (śuddhaḥ) - pure; सर्वसत्त्व (sarvasattva) - all beings; अविहिंसकः (avi-hiṁsakaḥ) - non-harming;]
(Therefore, one should give, not ask, should honor even the righteous. Who speaks his own speech, who does what is pleasing, who is pure, non-harming towards all beings.)
Therefore, he should give and not ask; he should honor even the righteous. He should be one who speaks naturally, does what is pleasing, is pure, and does not harm any living being. (13-149-12)
यदा प्रमाणप्रभवः स्वभावश्च सुखासुखे। मशकीटपिपीलानां स्थिरो भव युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-१४९-१३॥
yadā pramāṇa-prabhavaḥ svabhāvaś ca sukhāsukhe. maśa-kīṭa-pipīlānāṁ sthiro bhava yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-149-13॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; प्रमाणप्रभवः (pramāṇa-prabhavaḥ) - arising from authority; स्वभावः (svabhāvaḥ) - one's own nature; च (ca) - and; सुखासुखे (sukhāsukhe) - in pleasure and pain; मशकीटपिपीलानां (maśa-kīṭa-pipīlānām) - of flies, insects, and ants; स्थिरः (sthiro) - steady; भव (bhava) - be; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(When authority-originating and one's own nature in pleasure and pain (towards) flies, insects, and ants, steady be, Yudhishthira.)
Yudhishthira, when authority and your innate nature relate to pleasure and pain regarding flies, insects, and ants, be steadfast.
