13.148
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
ये च धर्ममसूयन्ति ये चैनं पर्युपासते। ब्रवीतु भगवानेतत्क्व ते गच्छन्ति तादृशाः ॥१३-१४८-१॥
ye ca dharmam asūyanti ye ca enaṃ paryupāsate। bravītu bhagavān etat kva te gacchanti tādṛśāḥ॥13-148-1॥
[ये (ye) - who; (plural, nominative masculine); च (ca) - and; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; (accusative singular masculine); असूयन्ति (asūyanti) - envy; ये (ye) - who; (plural, nominative masculine); च (ca) - and; एषम् (enaṃ) - him; (accusative singular masculine); पर्युपासते (paryupāsate) - serve all around; attend upon; ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - let (him) speak; भगवान् (bhagavān) - O revered one; एतत् (etat) - this; क्व (kva) - where; ते (te) - they; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go; तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such (persons);]
(And those who envy righteousness, and those who serve him — let the revered one speak this: where do such persons go? (13-148-1))
O revered one, tell (us) this: those who envy righteousness, and those who serve him — where do such persons go? (13-148-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; the person Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
रजसा तमसा चैव समवस्तीर्णचेतसः। नरकं प्रतिपद्यन्ते धर्मविद्वेषिणो नराः ॥१३-१४८-२॥
rajasā tamasā caiva samavastīrṇacetasaḥ। narakaṃ pratipadyante dharmavidveṣiṇo narāḥ॥13-148-2॥
[रजसा (rajasā) - by rajas (the quality of passion); तमसा (tamasā) - by tamas (the quality of darkness); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; समवस्तीर्णचेतसः (samavastīrṇa-cetasaḥ) - whose minds are pervaded; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; प्रतिपद्यन्ते (pratipadyante) - attain; धर्मविद्वेषिणः (dharma-vidveṣiṇaḥ) - haters of dharma; नराः (narāḥ) - men;]
(By rajas, by tamas, and indeed, whose minds are pervaded, hell they attain, haters of dharma, men.)
Men whose minds are pervaded by rajas and tamas, who are haters of dharma, attain hell. (13-148-2)
ये तु धर्मं महाराज सततं पर्युपासते। सत्यार्जवपराः सन्तस्ते वै स्वर्गभुजो नराः ॥१३-१४८-३॥
ye tu dharmaṃ mahārāja satataṃ paryupāsate। satyārjavaparāḥ santaḥ te vai svargabhujo narāḥ ॥13-148-3॥
[ये (ye) - who; तु (tu) - but; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सततं (satataṃ) - constantly; पर्युपासते (paryupāsate) - worship (they attend); सत्य (satya) - truth; आर्जव (ārjava) - straightforwardness; पराः (parāḥ) - devoted (towards); सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; स्वर्गभुजः (svargabhujaḥ) - enjoyers of heaven; नराः (narāḥ) - men;]
(Who but dharma, O great king, constantly worship; truth straightforwardness devoted, good people, they indeed enjoyers of heaven men.)
But those men, O great king, who constantly uphold dharma and are devoted to truth and straightforwardness, these good people indeed are those who enjoy heaven. (13-148-3)
धर्म एव रतिस्तेषामाचार्योपासनाद्भवेत्। देवलोकं प्रपद्यन्ते ये धर्मं पर्युपासते ॥१३-१४८-४॥
dharma eva ratisteṣām ācāryopāsanād bhavet। devalokaṃ prapadyante ye dharmaṃ paryupāsate ॥13-148-4॥
[धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; एव (eva) - indeed; रतिः (ratiḥ) - devotion; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; आचार्योपासनात् (ācāryopāsanāt) - from the service of the teacher; भवेत् (bhavet) - arises; देवलोकम् (devalokam) - the world of the gods; प्रपद्यन्ते (prapadyante) - attain; ये (ye) - those who; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; पर्युपासते (paryupāsate) - devotedly attend to;]
(Righteousness indeed is the devotion of them; from the service of the teacher it arises. The world of the gods they attain, those who devotedly attend to righteousness.)
For them, righteousness itself becomes devotion, which arises from service to the teacher. Those who devotedly practice righteousness attain the world of the gods. (13-148-4)
मनुष्या यदि वा देवाः शरीरमुपताप्य वै। धर्मिणः सुखमेधन्ते लोभद्वेषविवर्जिताः ॥१३-१४८-५॥
manuṣyā yadi vā devāḥ śarīram upatāpya vai। dharmiṇaḥ sukhame dhante lobhadveṣavivarjitāḥ ॥13-148-5॥
[मनुष्या (manuṣyā) - humans; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; देवाः (devāḥ) - deities; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; उपताप्य (upatāpya) - after distressing; having afflicted; वै (vai) - indeed; धर्मिणः (dharmiṇaḥ) - the righteous; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधन्ते (edhante) - thrive; increase; लोभद्वेषविवर्जिताः (lobhadveṣavivarjitāḥ) - free from greed and hatred;]
(Humans, if or deities, the body after distressing indeed, the righteous happiness thrive, free from greed and hatred.)
Whether humans or deities, after subjecting the body to distress, the righteous—free from greed and hatred—truly enjoy happiness. (13-148-5)
प्रथमं ब्रह्मणः पुत्रं धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। धर्मिणः पर्युपासन्ते फलं पक्वमिवाशयः ॥१३-१४८-६॥
prathamaṁ brahmaṇaḥ putraṁ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। dharmiṇaḥ paryupāsante phalaṁ pakvam ivāśayaḥ ॥13-148-6॥
[प्रथमं (prathamaṁ) - first; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman (the Creator); पुत्रं (putraṁ) - son; धर्मम् (dharmam) - Dharma; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; धर्मिणः (dharmiṇaḥ) - the righteous; पर्युपासन्ते (paryupāsante) - they attend upon; फलं (phalam) - fruit; पक्वम् (pakvam) - ripe; इव (iva) - like; आशयः (āśayaḥ) - hopes;]
(First Brahman’s son Dharma the wise say; the righteous attend upon like fruit ripe hopes.)
The wise say Dharma is the first son of Brahman; the righteous attend upon him, just as hopes attend upon ripe fruit. (13-148-6)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; the proper name; उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
असतां कीदृशं रूपं साधवः किं च कुर्वते। ब्रवीतु मे भवानेतत्सन्तोऽसन्तश्च कीदृशाः ॥१३-१४८-७॥
asatāṃ kīdṛśaṃ rūpaṃ sādhavaḥ kiṃ ca kurvate। bravītu me bhavān etat santo'santaś ca kīdṛśāḥ॥13-148-7॥
[असतां (asatāṃ) - of the unvirtuous; कीदृशं (kīdṛśaṃ) - what sort; रूपं (rūpaṃ) - form; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous; किं (kiṃ) - what; च (ca) - and; कुर्वते (kurvate) - do; ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - may (you) speak; मे (me) - to me; भवान् (bhavān) - you (respected one); एतत् (etat) - this; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good; असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the bad; च (ca) - and; कीदृशाः (kīdṛśāḥ) - what kinds;]
(Of the unvirtuous, what sort is the form? The virtuous, what also do (they) do? May you speak to me this, you (respected one), the good and the bad, what kinds?)
What is the nature of the unvirtuous? What do the virtuous do? Please tell me this, O revered one—what are the characteristics of the good and the bad? (13-148-7)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; (proper noun; name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular aorist of 'vac', to speak);]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
दुराचाराश्च दुर्धर्षा दुर्मुखाश्चाप्यसाधवः। साधवः शीलसम्पन्नाः शिष्टाचारस्य लक्षणम् ॥१३-१४८-८॥
durācārāś ca durdharṣā durmukhāś cāpy asādhavaḥ। sādhavaḥ śīlasampannāḥ śiṣṭācārasya lakṣaṇam॥13-148-8॥
[दुराचाराः (durācārāḥ) - evil-behaved ones; च (ca) - and; दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - difficult to oppose; दुर्मुखाः (durmukhāḥ) - ill-faced; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; असाधवः (asādhavaḥ) - unrighteous ones; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - righteous ones; शीलसम्पन्नाः (śīlasampannāḥ) - endowed with good character; शिष्टाचारस्य (śiṣṭācārasya) - of proper conduct; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - mark (characteristic);]
(Evil-behaved ones and difficult to oppose, ill-faced and also unrighteous ones—righteous ones endowed with good character are the mark of proper conduct.)
Those who are evil-behaved, unapproachable, ill-mannered, and unrighteous are not exemplary; rather, the righteous, endowed with good character, are the mark of proper conduct. (13-148-8)
राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये गोष्ठमध्ये च धर्मिणः। नोपसेवन्ति राजेन्द्र सर्गं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥१३-१४८-९॥
rājamārge gavāṃ madhye goṣṭhamadhye ca dharmiṇaḥ। nopasevanti rājendra sargaṃ mūtrapurīṣayoḥ ॥13-148-9॥
[राजमार्गे (rājamārge) - on the royal road; गवां (gavāṃ) - of cows; मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst; गोष्ठमध्ये (goṣṭhamadhye) - in the middle of the cow-pen; च (ca) - and; धर्मिणः (dharmiṇaḥ) - the righteous; न (na) - not; उपसेवन्ति (upasevanti) - make use (of); राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; सर्गं (sargaṃ) - evacuation/excretion; मूत्रपुरीषयोः (mūtrapurīṣayoḥ) - of urine and feces;]
(On the royal road, in the midst of cows, in the middle of the cow-pen, and the righteous do not, O king, make use of evacuation of urine and feces.)
O king, the righteous do not relieve themselves of urine and feces on the royal road, among cows, or in the middle of the cow-pen. (13-148-9)
पञ्चानामशनं दत्त्वा शेषमश्नन्ति साधवः। न जल्पन्ति च भुञ्जाना न निद्रान्त्यार्द्रपाणयः ॥१३-१४८-१०॥
pañcānāmaśanaṃ dattvā śeṣamaśnanti sādhavaḥ। na jalpanti ca bhuñjānā na nidrāntyardrapāṇayaḥ ॥13-148-10॥
[पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of five (persons); अशनम् (aśanam) - food; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; शेषम् (śeṣam) - the remainder; अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous ones; न (na) - not; जल्पन्ति (jalpanti) - they talk (frivolously); च (ca) - and; भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - while eating; न (na) - not; निद्रान्ति (nidrānti) - they sleep; अर्द्रपाणयः (ardrapāṇayaḥ) - with wet hands;]
(Having given food of five (persons), the virtuous ones eat the remainder; not they talk and while eating, not they sleep with wet hands.)
The virtuous, after giving food for five, eat what remains; while eating, they do not engage in idle talk, nor do they sleep with wet hands. (13-148-10)
चित्रभानुमनड्वाहं देवं गोष्ठं चतुष्पथम्। ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैत्यं ते कुर्वन्ति प्रदक्षिणम् ॥१३-१४८-११॥
citrabhānum anaḍvāhaṃ devaṃ goṣṭhaṃ catuṣpatham | brāhmaṇaṃ dhārmikaṃ caityaṃ te kurvanti pradakṣiṇam ॥13-148-11॥
[चित्रभानुम् (citrabhānum) - the sun; अनड्वाहम् (anaḍvāham) - bull; देवम् (devam) - deity; गोष्ठम् (goṣṭham) - cow-stall; चतुष्पथम् (catuṣpatham) - crossroads; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - righteous (person); चैत्यम् (caityam) - sacred spot; ते (te) - they; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - perform; प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation;]
(The sun, the bull, the deity, the cow-stall, the crossroads, the brāhmaṇa, the righteous person, and the sacred spot—these they perform circumambulation.)
They circumambulate the sun, the bull, the deity, the cow-stall, the crossroads, the brāhmaṇa, the righteous person, and the sacred spot. (13-148-11)
वृद्धानां भारतप्तानां स्त्रीणां बालातुरस्य च। ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ते ॥१३-१४८-१२॥
vṛddhānāṃ bhārataptānāṃ strīṇāṃ bālāturasya ca। brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ rājñāṃ panthānaṃ dadate ca te॥13-148-12॥
[वृद्धानां (vṛddhānām) - of the aged; भारतप्तानां (bhārataptānām) - of those afflicted by (the) world; स्त्रीणां (strīṇām) - of women; बालातुरस्य (bālāturasya) - of the distressed child; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणानां (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brāhmaṇas; गवां (gavām) - of cows; राज्ञां (rājñām) - of kings; पन्थानं (panthānam) - the path; ददते (dadate) - they give; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; १३-१४८-१२ (13-148-12) - ;]
(Of the aged, of those afflicted by the world, of women, of the distressed child, and of Brāhmaṇas, of cows, of kings, the path they give and they also.)
They give way to the aged, to those afflicted by the world, to women, to distressed children, to Brāhmaṇas, to cows, and to kings. (13-148-12)
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च। तथा शरणकामानां गोप्ता स्यात्स्वागतप्रदः ॥१३-१४८-१३॥
atithīnāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ preṣyāṇāṃ svajanasya ca। tathā śaraṇakāmānāṃ goptā syātsvāgatapradaḥ ॥13-148-13॥
[अतिथीनां (atithīnāṃ) - of guests; च (ca) - and; सर्वेषां (sarveṣāṃ) - of all; प्रेष्याणां (preṣyāṇāṃ) - of servants; स्वजनस्य (svajanasya) - of one's own people; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - thus; शरणकामानां (śaraṇakāmānāṃ) - of those desiring refuge; गोप्ता (goptā) - protector; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; स्वागतप्रदः (svāgatapradaḥ) - giver of welcome;]
(Of guests and of all, of servants, of one's own people and thus of those desiring refuge, protector should be, giver of welcome.)
He should be a protector and giver of welcome to guests, to all, to servants, to his own people, and likewise to those seeking refuge. (13-148-13)
सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं देवनिर्मितम्। नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासविधिर्हि सः ॥१३-१४८-१४॥
sāyaṃ prātar-manuṣyāṇām-aśanaṃ deva-nirmitam। na antarā bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭam-upavāsa-vidhiḥ hi saḥ ॥13-148-14॥
[सायं (sāyam) - evening; प्रातः (prātaḥ) - morning; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of humans; अशनम् (aśanam) - eating; देवनिर्मितम् (deva-nirmitam) - divinely instituted; न (na) - not; अन्तरा (antarā) - in between; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - eating; दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - regarded; उपवासविधिः (upavāsa-vidhiḥ) - the rule of fasting; हि (hi) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - that;]
(Evening, morning, for humans, eating is divinely instituted. Not in between is eating regarded; the rule of fasting, indeed, that.)
For humans, meals in the evening and morning are divinely prescribed. Eating in between is not approved; that is indeed the rule of fasting. (13-148-14)
होमकाले यथा वह्निः कालमेव प्रतीक्षते। ऋतुकाले तथा नारी ऋतुमेव प्रतीक्षते ॥ न चान्यां गच्छते यस्तु ब्रह्मचर्यं हि तत्स्मृतम् ॥१३-१४८-१५॥
homakāle yathā vahniḥ kālam eva pratīkṣate। ṛtukāle tathā nārī ṛtum eva pratīkṣate ॥ na cānyāṁ gacchate yastu brahmacaryaṁ hi tatsmṛtam ॥13-148-15॥
[होमकाले (homakāle) - at the time of sacrifice; यथा (yathā) - just as; वह्निः (vahniḥ) - fire; कालम् (kālam) - the appointed time; एव (eva) - only; प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits for; ऋतुकाले (ṛtukāle) - at the time of menses; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; नारी (nārī) - woman; ऋतम् (ṛtam) - menstruation; एव (eva) - only; प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits for; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अन्याम् (anyām) - another woman; गच्छते (gacchate) - approaches; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy; हि (hi) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered;]
(At the time of sacrifice just as fire only waits for the appointed time; at the time of menstruation in the same way woman only waits for menstruation. But who does not approach another woman, that indeed is remembered as celibacy.)
Just as, at a sacrifice, fire waits for the appointed time, so too, at the time of her period, a woman waits for the right time. But he who does not go to another woman—indeed, that is called celibacy. (13-148-15)
अमृतं ब्राह्मणा गाव इत्येतत्त्रयमेकतः। तस्माद्गोब्राह्मणं नित्यमर्चयेत यथाविधि ॥१३-१४८-१६॥
amṛtaṁ brāhmaṇā gāva ity etat trayam ekataḥ। tasmād gobrāhmaṇaṁ nityam arcayet yathāvidhi ॥13-148-16॥
[अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; गाः (gāḥ) - cows; इति (iti) - thus; एतत्त्रयम् (etat trayam) - these three; एकतः (ekataḥ) - on one side; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; गोब्राह्मणम् (gobrāhmaṇam) - cow and Brāhmaṇa; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; अर्चयेत् (arcayet) - should worship; यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule;]
(Nectar, Brāhmaṇas, cows, thus—these three on one side. Therefore, cow and Brāhmaṇa always should worship according to rule.)
Nectar, Brāhmaṇas, and cows—these three are of equal value. Therefore, one should always duly honor the cow and the Brāhmaṇa according to prescribed rules. (13-148-16)
यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसमुपभुञ्जन्न दुष्यति। पृष्ठमांसं वृथामांसं पुत्रमांसं च तत्समम् ॥१३-१४८-१७॥
yajuṣā saṃskṛtaṃ māṃsam upabhuñjan na duṣyati। pṛṣṭhamāṃsaṃ vṛthāmāṃsaṃ putramāṃsaṃ ca tatsamam ॥13-148-17॥
[यजुषा (yajuṣā) - by Vedic formula; by yajus; संस्कृतं (saṃskṛtam) - prepared; consecrated; मांसम् (māṃsam) - meat; उपभुञ्जन् (upabhuñjan) - eating; enjoying; न (na) - not; दुष्यति (duṣyati) - is defiled; becomes impure; पृष्ठमांसं (pṛṣṭhamāṃsaṃ) - back meat; वृथामांसं (vṛthāmāṃsaṃ) - useless meat; meat killed needlessly; पुत्रमांसं (putramāṃsaṃ) - son's meat; च (ca) - and; तत्समम् (tatsamam) - equal to that; like that;]
(One eating meat consecrated with the yajus is not defiled. Back meat, useless meat, son's meat and that which is like that.)
Eating meat that has been consecrated with Vedic formulas does not defile. Back meat, meat killed needlessly, the meat of a son, and similar kinds are exceptions. (13-148-17)
स्वदेशे परदेशे वाप्यतिथिं नोपवासयेत्। कर्म वै सफलं कृत्वा गुरूणां प्रतिपादयेत् ॥१३-१४८-१८॥
svadeśe paradeśe vāpy-atithiṁ nopavāsayet। karma vai saphalaṁ kṛtvā gurūṇāṁ pratipādayet॥13-148-18॥
[स्वदेशे (svadeśe) - in one's own country; परदेशे (paradeśe) - in another country; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; अतिथिं (atithiṁ) - a guest; न (na) - not; उपवासयेत् (upavāsayet) - should make (him) fast; कर्म (karma) - the act; वै (vai) - indeed; सफलं (saphalaṁ) - successful; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; गुरूणां (gurūṇāṁ) - of the elders; प्रतिपादयेत् (pratipādayet) - should present;]
(In one's own country, or in another country as well, a guest should not be made to fast; having indeed performed the act successfully, one should present it to the elders.)
Whether in one's own country or in a foreign land, one must not make a guest fast; after successfully performing the act, it should be presented to the elders. (13-148-18)
गुरुभ्य आसनं देयमभिवाद्याभिपूज्य च। गुरूनभ्यर्च्य वर्धन्ते आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥१३-१४८-१९॥
gurubhya āsanaṃ deyam abhivādyābhipūjya ca। gurūn abhyarcya vardhante āyuṣā yaśasā śriyā ॥13-148-19॥
[गुरुभ्य (gurubhya) - to teachers; आसनं (āsanaṃ) - seat; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; अभिपूज्य (abhipūjya) - having honored; च (ca) - and; गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers; अभ्यर्च्य (abhyarcya) - having worshipped; वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - they prosper; आयुषा (āyuṣā) - by lifespan; यशसा (yaśasā) - by fame; श्रिया (śriyā) - by prosperity;]
(To teachers, a seat should be given, having saluted and having honored, and having worshipped teachers, they prosper by lifespan, by fame, by prosperity.)
A seat should be offered to teachers after saluting and honoring them; by worshipping teachers, one prospers with longevity, fame, and prosperity. (13-148-19)
वृद्धान्नातिवदेज्जातु न च सम्प्रेषयेदपि। नासीनः स्यात्स्थितेष्वेवमायुरस्य न रिष्यते ॥१३-१४८-२०॥
vṛddhān nātivadej jātu na ca sampreṣayed api। nāsīnaḥ syāt sthiteṣv evam āyur asya na riṣyate ॥13-148-20॥
[वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders; न (na) - not; अतिवदेत् (ativadet) - should speak over (should contradict); जातु (jātu) - ever; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सम्प्रेषयेत् (sampreṣayet) - should send; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - sitting; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; स्थितेषु (sthiteṣu) - (when) standing ones (are present); एवम् (evam) - thus; आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan; अस्य (asya) - of him; न (na) - not; रिष्यते (riṣyate) - is reduced;]
(Elders not should speak over ever, nor and should send even. Not sitting should be (when) standing ones (are present); thus lifespan of him not is reduced.)
One should never speak over elders nor make them act as messengers. One should not remain seated when others are standing; in this way, one's lifespan is not diminished. (13-148-20)
न नग्नामीक्षते नारीं न विद्वान्पुरुषानपि। मैथुनं सततं गुप्तमाहारं च समाचरेत् ॥१३-१४८-२१॥
na naghnāmīkṣate nārīṃ na vidvān puruṣān api। maithunaṃ satataṃ guptaṃ āhāraṃ ca samācaret ॥13-148-21॥
[न (na) - not; नग्नाम् (nagnām) - naked (woman); ईक्षते (īkṣate) - should look at; नारीम् (nārīm) - woman; न (na) - not; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise man; पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men; अपि (api) - even; मैथुनम् (maithunam) - sexual union; सततम् (satatam) - always; गुप्तम् (guptam) - secret; आहारम् (āhāram) - food; च (ca) - and; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should perform;]
(Not a naked (woman) should (he) look at, not the wise man (should look at) men even. Sexual union always secret, food and should perform.)
One should not look at a naked woman, nor should a wise man look even at naked men. Sexual union should always be kept secret, and also the taking of food should be done in private. (13-148-21)
तीर्थानां गुरवस्तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचि। दर्शनानां परं ज्ञानं सन्तोषः परमं सुखम् ॥१३-१४८-२२॥
tīrthānāṃ guravastīrthaṃ śucīnāṃ hṛdayaṃ śuci. darśanānāṃ paraṃ jñānaṃ santoṣaḥ paramaṃ sukham ॥13-148-22॥
[तीर्थानां (tīrthānāṃ) - of holy places; गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers; तीर्थं (tīrthaṃ) - is the sacred place; शुचीनां (śucīnām) - of the pure; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - the heart; शुचि (śuci) - is pure; दर्शनानां (darśanānāṃ) - of philosophies (views); परं (paraṃ) - supreme; ज्ञानं (jñānam) - knowledge; सन्तोषः (santoṣaḥ) - contentment; परमं (paramaṃ) - the highest; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]
(Of holy places, teachers are the sacred place; of the pure, the heart is pure. Of philosophies, supreme is knowledge; contentment is the highest happiness. (13-148-22))
Among holy places, teachers themselves are the true pilgrimage; among the pure, the heart is truly pure. Among philosophies, knowledge is supreme; and contentment is the highest happiness. (13-148-22)
सायं प्रातश्च वृद्धानां शृणुयात्पुष्कला गिरः। श्रुतमाप्नोति हि नरः सततं वृद्धसेवया ॥१३-१४८-२३॥
sāyaṁ prātaś ca vṛddhānāṁ śṛṇuyāt puṣkalā giraḥ। śrutam āpnoti hi naraḥ satataṁ vṛddhasevayā ॥13-148-23॥
[सायं (sāyam) - in the evening; प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning; च (ca) - and; वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders; शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - one should listen; पुष्कलाः (puṣkalāḥ) - abundant; गिरः (giraḥ) - words; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; हि (hi) - indeed; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सततम् (satatam) - always; वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by (the) service of elders;]
(In the evening and morning, one should listen to the abundant words of the elders. Indeed, a man attains learning always by service of elders.)
By listening to the abundant words of the elders in the evening and morning, a man always attains learning by serving the elders. (13-148-23)
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत्। यच्छेद्वाङ्मनसी नित्यमिन्द्रियाणां च विभ्रमम् ॥१३-१४८-२४॥
svādhyāye bhojane caiva dakṣiṇaṃ pāṇim uddharet । yacched vāṅmanasī nityam indriyāṇāṃ ca vibhramam ॥13-148-24॥
[स्वाध्याये (svādhyāye) - in self-study; भोजने (bhojane) - in eating; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दक्षिणं (dakṣiṇam) - right; पाणिम् (pāṇim) - hand; उद्धरेत् (uddharet) - should raise; यच्छेत् (yacchet) - should restrain; वाक् (vāk) - speech; मनसी (manasī) - in the mind; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; इन्द्रियाणां (indriyāṇām) - of the senses; च (ca) - and; विभ्रमम् (vibhramam) - wandering;]
(In self-study, in eating, and indeed, the right hand should be raised. One should always restrain speech in the mind and the wandering of the senses.)
While engaged in study and eating, one should raise the right hand. One should always restrain both the speech in the mind and the wandering of the senses. (13-148-24)
संस्कृतं पायसं नित्यं यवागूं कृसरं हविः। अष्टकाः पितृदैवत्या वृद्धानामभिपूजनम् ॥१३-१४८-२५॥
saṃskṛtaṃ pāyasaṃ nityaṃ yavāgūṃ kṛsaraṃ haviḥ। aṣṭakāḥ pitṛdaivatyaā vṛddhānām abhipūjanam॥13-148-25॥
[संस्कृतं (saṃskṛtam) - refined; (as in refined/prepared food); पायसं (pāyasaṃ) - rice pudding; milk-rice; rice cooked in milk; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; regularly; यवागूं (yavāgūm) - barley gruel; कृसरं (kṛsaram) - porridge made from rice and pulses; हविः (haviḥ) - oblation; offering; अष्टकाः (aṣṭakāḥ) - the aṣṭakā rites; eighth-day observances; पितृदैवत्या (pitṛdaivatyaā) - dedicated to forefathers and deities; वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders; अभिपूजनम् (abhipūjanam) - proper worship; reverential honor;]
(Refined rice pudding always, barley gruel, porridge, oblation; aṣṭakā rites dedicated to forefathers and deities, proper worship of the elders.)
Rice pudding prepared in a refined manner, gruel, porridge, and oblation should always be offered; the aṣṭakā rites are dedicated to the forefathers and deities, and are a form of reverential worship of the elders. (13-148-25)
श्मश्रुकर्मणि मङ्गल्यं क्षुतानामभिनन्दनम्। व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुषः प्रतिनन्दनम् ॥१३-१४८-२६॥
śmaśrukarmaṇi maṅgalyaṃ kṣutānām abhinandanam। vyādhitānāṃ ca sarveṣām āyuṣaḥ pratinandanam ॥13-148-26॥
[श्मश्रुकर्मणि (śmaśrukarmaṇi) - in the act of cutting hair or beard; मङ्गल्यं (maṅgalyaṃ) - auspiciousness; क्षुतानाम् (kṣutānām) - for those who are hungry; अभिनन्दनम् (abhinandanam) - welcoming; व्याधितानाम् (vyādhitānām) - for those who are sick; च (ca) - and; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - for all; आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life; प्रतिनन्दनम् (pratinandanam) - rejoicing, renewal;]
(In the act of cutting hair or beard, auspiciousness; for those who are hungry, welcoming; for those who are sick and for all, of life, renewal.)
In the act of shaving or barbering there is auspiciousness; for the hungry, a greeting; for the sick and, indeed, for all, there is a renewal of life. (13-148-26)
न जातु त्वमिति ब्रूयादापन्नोऽपि महत्तरम्। त्वङ्कारो वा वधो वेति विद्वत्सु न विशिष्यते ॥ अवराणां समानानां शिष्याणां च समाचरेत् ॥१३-१४८-२७॥
na jātu tvam iti brūyād āpanno'pi mahattaram. tvaṅkāro vā vadho veti vidvatsu na viśiṣyate ॥ avarāṇāṃ samānānāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ ca samācaret ॥13-148-27॥
[न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; त्वम् (tvam) - you; इति (iti) - thus; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say; आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - afflicted; अपि (api) - even; महत्तरम् (mahattaram) - greater person; त्वङ्कारः (tvaṅkāraḥ) - addressing as 'tvam'; वा (vā) - or; वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing; वा (vā) - or; इति (iti) - thus; विद्वत्सु (vidvatsu) - among the learned; न (na) - not; विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished; अवराणाम् (avarāṇām) - of inferiors; समानानाम् (samānānām) - of equals; शिष्याणाम् (śiṣyāṇām) - of disciples; च (ca) - and; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should interact;]
(Not ever 'you' thus should say, afflicted even (to) a greater person. Addressing as 'tvam' or killing or thus among the learned is not distinguished. Of inferiors, of equals, of disciples and should interact.)
One should never address a greater person as 'you', even if afflicted. Among the learned, addressing someone as 'tvam' and killing are not distinguished (both are serious offenses). One should interact equally with inferiors, equals, and disciples. (13-148-27)
पापमाचक्षते नित्यं हृदयं पापकर्मिणाम्। ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ॥१३-१४८-२८॥
pāpam ācakṣate nityaṁ hṛdayaṁ pāpakarmiṇām। jñānapūrvaṁ vinaśyanti gūhamānā mahājane ॥13-148-28॥
[पापम् (pāpam) - sin; आचक्षते (ācakṣate) - declare; नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always; हृदयं (hṛdayaṁ) - heart; पापकर्मिणाम् (pāpakarmiṇām) - of evil-doers; ज्ञानपूर्वं (jñānapūrvam) - preceded by awareness; विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - are destroyed; गूहमाना (gūhamānā) - concealing; महाजने (mahājane) - in great society;]
(Sin declare always heart of evil-doers. Preceded by awareness, concealing, in great society, are destroyed.)
The hearts of evil-doers always declare sin. Those who, though aware, attempt to conceal (their sins) in great society are destroyed. (13-148-28)
ज्ञानपूर्वं कृतं कर्म च्छादयन्ते ह्यसाधवः। न मां मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति न मां पश्यन्ति देवताः ॥ पापेनाभिहतः पापः पापमेवाभिजायते ॥१३-१४८-२९॥
jñānapūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ karma chādayante hyasādhavaḥ। na māṃ manuṣyāḥ paśyanti na māṃ paśyanti devatāḥ ॥ pāpenābhihataḥ pāpaḥ pāpamevābhijāyate ॥13-148-29॥
[ज्ञानपूर्वं (jñānapūrvam) - preceded by knowledge; कृतं (kṛtam) - done; कर्म (karma) - action; च्छादयन्ते (chādayante) - they conceal; हि (hi) - indeed; असाधवः (asādhavaḥ) - the wicked; न (na) - not; मां (mām) - me; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; न (na) - not; मां (mām) - me; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; देवताः (devatāḥ) - divinities; पापेन (pāpena) - by sin; अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck; पापः (pāpaḥ) - the sinful one; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; एव (eva) - indeed; अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - is born;]
(Action done preceded by knowledge the wicked indeed conceal; not me humans see, not me see divinities. By sin struck, the sinful one indeed sin is born.)
Actions performed with prior knowledge are indeed concealed by the wicked; neither humans see me, nor do the gods see me. Struck by sin, the sinner indeed brings forth only sin. (13-148-29)
यथा वार्धुषिको वृद्धिं देहभेदे प्रतीक्षते। धर्मेणापिहितं पापं धर्ममेवाभिवर्धयेत् ॥१३-१४८-३०॥
yathā vārḍhuṣiko vṛddhiṃ dehabhede pratīkṣate. dharmeṇāpihitaṃ pāpaṃ dharmamevābhivardhayet ॥13-148-30॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; वार्धुषिकः (vārḍhuṣikaḥ) - usurer; वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - interest (growth); देहभेदे (dehabhede) - at the separation of the body (upon death); प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; अपिहितम् (āpihitam) - covered up; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; एव (eva) - alone; अभिवर्धयेत् (abhivardhayet) - one should increase;]
(Just as a usurer waits for interest at the separation of the body, one should increase righteousness alone; sin that has been covered by righteousness.)
Just as a usurer awaits interest at the time of death, so too should one increase only righteousness, for sin concealed by righteousness (will remain). (13-148-30)
यथा लवणमम्भोभिराप्लुतं प्रविलीयते। प्रायश्चित्तहतं पापं तथा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१३-१४८-३१॥
yathā lavaṇam ambhobhir āplutaṃ pravilīyate। prāyaścittahataṃ pāpaṃ tathā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati॥13-148-31॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; लवणम् (lavaṇam) - salt; अम्भोभिः (ambhobhiḥ) - by waters; आप्लुतम् (āplutam) - immersed; प्रविलीयते (pravilīyate) - is completely dissolved; प्रायश्चित्तहतम् (prāyaścittahatam) - destroyed by expiation; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; तथा (tathā) - so; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - is destroyed;]
(Just as salt, by waters, immersed, is completely dissolved; sin, destroyed by expiation, so, immediately, is destroyed.)
Just as salt immersed in water is completely dissolved, so sin that has been destroyed by expiation perishes immediately. (13-148-31)
तस्मात्पापं न गूहेत गूहमानं विवर्धते। कृत्वा तु साधुष्वाख्येयं ते तत्प्रशमयन्त्युत ॥१३-१४८-३२॥
tasmātpāpaṃ na gūheta gūhamānaṃ vivardhate. kṛtvā tu sādhuṣv ākhyeyaṃ te tatpraśamayantyuta ॥13-148-32॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; न (na) - not; गूहेत (gūheta) - should hide; गूहमानं (gūhamānaṃ) - one hiding; विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; तु (tu) - but; साधुषु (sādhuṣu) - to the righteous ones; आख्येयं (ākhyeyam) - should be declared; ते (te) - they; तत् (tat) - that; प्रशमयन्ति (praśamayanti) - quell; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Therefore, sin should not be hidden; one hiding grows. But having done, to the righteous it should be declared; they indeed quell that.)
Therefore, one should not hide a sin, for when hidden, it increases. But having committed it, one should confess it to the righteous, for they indeed quell it. (13-148-32)
आशया सञ्चितं द्रव्यं यत्काले नोपभुज्यते। अन्ये चैतत्प्रपद्यन्ते वियोगे तस्य देहिनः ॥१३-१४८-३३॥
āśayā sañcitaṃ dravyaṃ yatkāle nopabhujyate। anye caitatprapadyante viyoge tasya dehinaḥ॥13-148-33॥
[आशया (āśayā) - with hope; सञ्चितं (sañcitaṃ) - accumulated; द्रव्यं (dravyaṃ) - wealth; यत् (yat) - which; काले (kāle) - in due time; न (na) - not; उपभुज्यते (upabhujyate) - is enjoyed; अन्ये (anye) - others; च (ca) - and; एतत् (etat) - this; प्रपद्यन्ते (prapadyante) - acquire; वियोगे (viyoge) - at the separation; तस्य (tasya) - of him; देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one;]
(With hope accumulated wealth which in due time is not enjoyed, others indeed acquire this at the separation of him, the embodied one.)
The wealth accumulated with hope, which is not enjoyed in its proper time, is acquired by others when its possessor, the embodied one, is separated (by death). (13-148-33)
मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि धर्ममेव समासते ॥१३-१४८-३४॥
mānasaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni dharmam eva samāsate ॥13-148-34॥
[मानसं (mānasaṁ) - of the mind; सर्वभूतानां (sarvabhūtānāṁ) - of all beings; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; आहुः (āhuḥ) - declare; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; एव (eva) - only; समासते (samāsate) - rest in;]
(The wise declare the dharma of all beings to be of the mind; therefore all beings indeed rest only in dharma.)
The wise say that the dharma of all beings is mental; therefore, all beings are indeed established only in dharma. (13-148-34)
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं न धर्मध्वजिको भवेत्। धर्मवाणिजका ह्येते ये धर्ममुपभुञ्जते ॥१३-१४८-३५॥
eka eva cared dharmaṁ na dharmadhvajiko bhavet। dharmavāṇijakā hy ete ye dharmam upabhuñjate ॥13-148-35॥
[एक (eka) - one; एव (eva) - indeed; चरेत् (cared) - should practice; धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - dharma; न (na) - not; धर्मध्वजिकः (dharmadhvajikaḥ) - one who makes a show of dharma; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; धर्मवाणिजकाः (dharmavāṇijakāḥ) - dealers in dharma; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; ये (ye) - who; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; उपभुञ्जते (upabhuñjate) - enjoy;]
(One indeed should practice dharma, not should be one who makes a show of dharma. Dealers in dharma indeed are these who enjoy dharma.)
One should practice dharma alone and not become one who flaunts dharma. Those who display dharma outwardly are in fact dealers in righteousness, who merely consume dharma for their own benefit. (13-148-35)
अर्चेद्देवानदम्भेन सेवेतामायया गुरून्। निधिं निदध्यात्पारत्र्यं यात्रार्थं दानशब्दितम् ॥१३-१४८-३६॥
arceddevānadambhena sevētāmāyayā gurūn. nidhiṁ nidadhyātpāratryaṁ yātrārthaṁ dānaśabditam ॥13-148-36॥
[अर्चेत् (arcet) - should worship; देवान् (devān) - the gods; अदम्भेन (adambhena) - without deceit; सेवेत (seveta) - should attend; आमायया (āmāyayā) - without illusion; गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers; निधिं (nidhiṁ) - the treasure; निदध्यात् (nidadhyāt) - should deposit; पारत्र्यं (pāratryaṁ) - for a foreign journey; यात्रार्थं (yātrārtham) - for the purpose of travel; दानशब्दितम् (dānaśabditam) - marked as a gift;]
(One should worship the gods without deceit, should attend to the teachers without illusion. The treasure should be deposited for a foreign journey for the purpose of travel, marked as a gift.)
One should worship the gods sincerely, serve teachers honestly, and for travel abroad, deposit treasure as if it were a donation. (13-148-36)
