14.046
ब्रह्मोवाच॥
Brahmā said.
एवमेतेन मार्गेण पूर्वोक्तेन यथाविधि। अधीतवान्यथाशक्ति तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान् ॥१४-४६-१॥
Thus, following this very path as previously instructed and observing the proper rules, he studied to the best of his ability while maintaining chastity. (14-46-1)
स्वधर्मनिरतो विद्वान्सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः। गुरोः प्रियहिते युक्तः सत्यधर्मपरः शुचिः ॥१४-४६-२॥
A sage learned and self-controlled, engaged in his own prescribed duty, devoted to the well-being and pleasure of his teacher, committed to truth and righteousness, and pure. (14-46-2)
गुरुणा समनुज्ञातो भुञ्जीतान्नमकुत्सयन्। हविष्यभैक्ष्यभुक्चापि स्थानासनविहारवान् ॥१४-४६-३॥
Having obtained full permission from his teacher, he should eat food without disdain, eat sacrificial and alms food, and be regulated in standing, sitting, and moving about. (14-46-3)
द्विकालमग्निं जुह्वानः शुचिर्भूत्वा समाहितः। धारयीत सदा दण्डं बैल्वं पालाशमेव वा ॥१४-४६-४॥
One who, being pure and concentrated, offers oblations into the fire twice a day, should always hold a staff made of bilva or palāśa wood. (14-46-4)
क्षौमं कार्पासिकं वापि मृगाजिनमथापि वा। सर्वं काषायरक्तं स्याद्वासो वापि द्विजस्य ह ॥१४-४६-५॥
Linen, cotton, or deerskin—any of these, or all, should be of ochre-red color; indeed, the garment of a twice-born must be like this. (14-46-5)
मेखला च भवेन्मौञ्जी जटी नित्योदकस्तथा। यज्ञोपवीती स्वाध्यायी अलुप्तनियतव्रतः ॥१४-४६-६॥
One should have a girdle made of muñja grass, matted locks, always carry water, wear the sacred thread, be devoted to self-study, never neglect duties, and observe fixed vows. (14-46-6)
पूताभिश्च तथैवाद्भिः सदा दैवततर्पणम्। भावेन नियतः कुर्वन्ब्रह्मचारी प्रशस्यते ॥१४-४६-७॥
A celibate student who always performs the propitiation of deities with pure offerings and water, with devotion and self-control, is praised. (14-46-7)
एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गमूर्ध्वरेताः समाहितः। न संसरति जातीषु परमं स्थानमाश्रितः ॥१४-४६-८॥
Thus engaged, with his energy directed upwards and mind composed, he conquers heaven. Attaining the supreme abode, he no longer transmigrates among births. (14-46-8)
संस्कृतः सर्वसंस्कारैस्तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान्। ग्रामान्निष्क्रम्य चारण्यं मुनिः प्रव्रजितो वसेत् ॥१४-४६-९॥
A sage, purified by all purifications and practicing celibacy in just that way, should go out from the village to the forest and dwell there after renouncing home. (14-46-9)
चर्मवल्कलसंवीतः स्वयं प्रातरुपस्पृशेत्। अरण्यगोचरो नित्यं न ग्रामं प्रविशेत्पुनः ॥१४-४६-१०॥
He who is clad in skin and bark should himself perform morning ablutions; always living in the forest, he should not again enter the village. (14-46-10)
अर्चयन्नतिथीन्काले दद्याच्चापि प्रतिश्रयम्। फलपत्रावरैर्मूलैः श्यामाकेन च वर्तयन् ॥१४-४६-११॥
He honors guests at the proper time, giving them shelter also, while sustaining himself on fruits, leaves, coverings, roots, and śyāmāka. (14-46-11)
प्रवृत्तमुदकं वायुं सर्वं वानेयमा तृणात्। प्राश्नीयादानुपूर्व्येण यथादीक्षमतन्द्रितः ॥१४-४६-१२॥
He should partake of flowing water, air, or anything else—even from a blade of grass—in the prescribed sequence, just as a person performing a religious vow, without any laziness. (14-46-12)
आमूलफलभिक्षाभिरर्चेदतिथिमागतम्। यद्भक्षः स्यात्ततो दद्याद्भिक्षां नित्यमतन्द्रितः ॥१४-४६-१३॥
One should honor an arriving guest with offerings of roots and fruits. Whatever food is available, from that he should always give alms, without sloth. (14-46-13)
देवतातिथिपूर्वं च सदा भुञ्जीत वाग्यतः। अस्कन्दितमनाश्चैव लघ्वाशी देवताश्रयः ॥१४-४६-१४॥
One should always eat only after honoring the deity and guest, with controlled speech and an undistracted mind; eating in moderation, giving precedence to the deity. (14-46-14)
दान्तो मैत्रः क्षमायुक्तः केशश्मश्रु च धारयन्। जुह्वन्स्वाध्यायशीलश्च सत्यधर्मपरायणः ॥१४-४६-१५॥
He is self-controlled, friendly, endowed with forgiveness, bears his hair and beard, offers oblations, is devoted to self-study, and upholds truth and righteousness. (14-46-15)
त्यक्तदेहः सदा दक्षो वननित्यः समाहितः। एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गं वानप्रस्थो जितेन्द्रियः ॥१४-४६-१६॥
A vānaprastha who is always skilful, ever dwelling in the forest, concentrated, and has conquered the senses—thus engaged, having abandoned the body—may attain heaven. (14-46-16)
गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थोऽथ वा पुनः। य इच्छेन्मोक्षमास्थातुमुत्तमां वृत्तिमाश्रयेत् ॥१४-४६-१७॥
Whether one is a householder, a celibate student, or a forest-dweller—whoever wishes to attain liberation should adopt the highest conduct. (14-46-17)
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो दत्त्वा नैष्कर्म्यमाचरेत्। सर्वभूतहितो मैत्रः सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः ॥१४-४६-१८॥
Having given fearlessness to all beings, one should practice freedom from action; the sage, who is beneficent to all beings, friendly, and restrains all the senses. (14-46-18)
अयाचितमसङ्कॢप्तमुपपन्नं यदृच्छया। जोषयेत सदा भोज्यं ग्रासमागतमस्पृहः ॥१४-४६-१९॥
A person who is free from desire should always accept food that comes of its own accord—unasked, not hoarded, and obtained by chance—when a morsel arrives. (14-46-19)
यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकम्। धर्मलब्धं तथाश्नीयान्न काममनुवर्तयेत् ॥१४-४६-२०॥
One should eat merely to maintain the journey of life, solely for sustaining vital breath. Similarly, one should consume only what has been righteously obtained and should not follow desire. (14-46-20)
ग्रासादाच्छादनाच्चान्यन्न गृह्णीयात्कथञ्चन। यावदाहारयेत्तावत्प्रतिगृह्णीत नान्यथा ॥१४-४६-२१॥
He should not accept anything other than food and clothing by any means. He should accept only as much as he needs, not otherwise. (14-46-21)
परेभ्यो न प्रतिग्राह्यं न च देयं कदाचन। दैन्यभावाच्च भूतानां संविभज्य सदा बुधः ॥१४-४६-२२॥
One should neither accept nor give anything to others at any time; and the wise, always distributing (what he receives), does so considering the state of misery among beings. (14-46-22)
नाददीत परस्वानि न गृह्णीयादयाचितम्। न किञ्चिद्विषयं भुक्त्वा स्पृहयेत्तस्य वै पुनः ॥१४-४६-२३॥
He should not take the possessions of others, nor should he accept anything that is not given upon request. After having enjoyed any object, he should not desire it again. (14-46-23)
मृदमापस्तथाश्मानं पत्रपुष्पफलानि च। असंवृतानि गृह्णीयात्प्रवृत्तानीह कार्यवान् ॥१४-४६-२४॥
One who is engaged in duty should take earth, water, stones, leaves, flowers, and fruits, and uncovered things lying here. (14-46-24)
न शिल्पजीविकां जीवेद्द्विरन्नं नोत कामयेत्। न द्वेष्टा नोपदेष्टा च भवेत निरुपस्कृतः ॥ श्रद्धापूतानि भुञ्जीत निमित्तानि विवर्जयेत् ॥१४-४६-२५॥
One should not live by means of a craft as a livelihood, nor desire food that has been given twice. One should not be one who hates, nor one who instructs, while remaining unhonored. One should eat food purified by faith and avoid omens. (14-46-25)
मुधावृत्तिरसक्तश्च सर्वभूतैरसंविदम्। कृत्वा वह्निं चरेद्भैक्ष्यं विधूमे भुक्तवज्जने ॥१४-४६-२६॥
With an attitude of non-possession and detachment, unnoticed by all beings, having kindled the sacred fire, one should seek alms, without smoke, and behave among people as though having already eaten. (14-46-26)
वृत्ते शरावसम्पाते भैक्ष्यं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित्। लाभे न च प्रहृष्येत नालाभे विमना भवेत् ॥१४-४६-२७॥
When one who knows liberation obtains alms-food gathered in a bowl, he should desire only that. He should not rejoice when he gains it, nor feel dejected when he does not. (14-46-27)
मात्राशी कालमाकाङ्क्षंश्चरेद्भैक्ष्यं समाहितः। लाभं साधारणं नेच्छेन्न भुञ्जीताभिपूजितः ॥ अभिपूजितलाभाद्धि विजुगुप्सेत भिक्षुकः ॥१४-४६-२८॥
One who seeks alms should eat only in measured quantity, wait for the proper time, and remain collected. He should not desire common gain, nor accept food out of special honor. The beggar should indeed avoid gifts that come with special honor. (14-46-28)
शुक्तान्यम्लानि तिक्तानि कषायकटुकानि च। नास्वादयीत भुञ्जानो रसांश्च मधुरांस्तथा ॥ यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकम् ॥१४-४६-२९॥
One should not relish foods that are acidic, sour, bitter, astringent, or pungent, nor tastes that are sweet; eating just enough solely for the maintenance of life and sustenance. (14-46-29)
असंरोधेन भूतानां वृत्तिं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित्। न चान्यमनुभिक्षेत भिक्षमाणः कथञ्चन ॥१४-४६-३०॥
The knower of liberation should seek his livelihood without obstructing the livelihood of beings, and one who is begging should not, in any way, seek alms from another. (14-46-30)
न संनिकाशयेद्धर्मं विविक्ते विरजाश्चरेत्। शून्यागारमरण्यं वा वृक्षमूलं नदीं तथा ॥ प्रतिश्रयार्थं सेवेत पार्वतीं वा पुनर्गुहाम् ॥१४-४६-३१॥
One should not publicize dharma; in solitude, being passionless, one should dwell. He may stay in an empty house, a forest, at the foot of a tree, by a river likewise. For shelter, one should resort to a mountain or again a cave. (14-46-31)
ग्रामैकरात्रिको ग्रीष्मे वर्षास्वेकत्र वा वसेत्। अध्वा सूर्येण निर्दिष्टः कीटवच्च चरेन्महीम् ॥१४-४६-३२॥
In the summer, a mendicant should stay only one night in a village, and during the rainy season, stay in one place; or, he may travel on the road, following the path indicated by the sun, and roam the earth like an insect. (14-46-32)
दयार्थं चैव भूतानां समीक्ष्य पृथिवीं चरेत्। सञ्चयांश्च न कुर्वीत स्नेहवासं च वर्जयेत् ॥१४-४६-३३॥
One should move about the earth considering the welfare of all beings out of compassion; one should not accumulate possessions and should avoid dwelling in attachment. (14-46-33)
पूतेन चाम्भसा नित्यं कार्यं कुर्वीत मोक्षवित्। उपस्पृशेदुद्धृताभिरद्भिश्च पुरुषः सदा ॥१४-४६-३४॥
One who knows mokṣa should always perform duties with purified water. A person should always touch (purify himself) with water that is drawn and purified. (14-46-34)
अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च सत्यमार्जवमेव च। अक्रोधश्चानसूया च दमो नित्यमपैशुनम् ॥१४-४६-३५॥
Non-violence, chastity, truth, straightforwardness, freedom from anger, absence of envy, self-control, and always avoiding slander. (14-46-35)
अष्टास्वेतेषु युक्तः स्याद्व्रतेषु नियतेन्द्रियः। अपापमशठं वृत्तमजिह्मं नित्यमाचरेत् ॥१४-४६-३६॥
One should be engaged in these eight vows, with controlled senses; one should always practice conduct that is sinless, not hypocritical, and straightforward. (14-46-36)
आशीर्युक्तानि कर्माणि हिंसायुक्तानि यानि च। लोकसङ्ग्रहधर्मं च नैव कुर्यान्न कारयेत् ॥१४-४६-३७॥
One should neither do nor cause to be done actions accompanied by curses, actions involving violence, or those that are not duties upholding the welfare of the world. (14-46-37)
सर्वभावानतिक्रम्य लघुमात्रः परिव्रजेत्। समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु स्थावरेषु चरेषु च ॥१४-४६-३८॥
Having transcended all beings, a mendicant of simple needs should wander, remaining equable towards all creatures, both immobile and mobile. (14-46-38)
परं नोद्वेजयेत्कञ्चिन्न च कस्यचिदुद्विजेत्। विश्वास्यः सर्वभूतानामग्र्यो मोक्षविदुच्यते ॥१४-४६-३९॥
He should not agitate anyone, nor should he be agitated by anyone. Trustworthy to all beings, the foremost knower of liberation is called such. (14-46-39)
अनागतं च न ध्यायेन्नातीतमनुचिन्तयेत्। वर्तमानमुपेक्षेत कालाकाङ्क्षी समाहितः ॥१४-४६-४०॥
One should not contemplate the future, nor brood over the past. One who awaits the right time and is mentally collected should disregard the present. (14-46-40)
न चक्षुषा न मनसा न वाचा दूषयेत्क्वचित्। न प्रत्यक्षं परोक्षं वा किञ्चिद्दुष्टं समाचरेत् ॥१४-४६-४१॥
One should never harm by eye, mind, or speech. One should not do anything wicked, either openly or secretly. (14-46-41)
इन्द्रियाण्युपसंहृत्य कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः। क्षीणेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिर्निरीक्षेत निरिन्द्रियः ॥१४-४६-४२॥
Just as a tortoise completely withdraws its limbs, one should withdraw the senses; when the senses, mind, and intellect are exhausted, one who is free from the senses should observe. (14-46-42)
निर्द्वंद्वो निर्नमस्कारो निःस्वाहाकार एव च। निर्ममो निरहङ्कारो निर्योगक्षेम एव च ॥१४-४६-४३॥
He is free from duality, does not perform salutations, does not utter svāhā, is without sense of 'mine', is free from ego, and has abandoned seeking gain and preservation. (14-46-43)
निराशीः सर्वभूतेषु निरासङ्गो निराश्रयः। सर्वज्ञः सर्वतो मुक्तो मुच्यते नात्र संशयः ॥१४-४६-४४॥
One who is free from desires among all beings, detached, without dependence, omniscient, liberated in every way—such a one is released; there is no doubt here. (14-46-44)
अपाणिपादपृष्ठं तमशिरस्कमनूदरम्। प्रहीणगुणकर्माणं केवलं विमलं स्थिरम् ॥१४-४६-४५॥
That which has no back, hands, or feet; whose head is darkness; which is without a belly; free from qualities and action; unique, pure, and unchanging. (14-46-45)
अगन्धरसमस्पर्शमरूपाशब्दमेव च। अत्वगस्थ्यथ वामज्जममांसमपि चैव ह ॥१४-४६-४६॥
It is in truth without smell, taste, touch, form, or sound; and is also without skin, bone, marrow, or flesh as well. (14-46-46)
निश्चिन्तमव्ययं नित्यं हृदिस्थमपि नित्यदा। सर्वभूतस्थमात्मानं ये पश्यन्ति न ते मृताः ॥१४-४६-४७॥
Those who see the self as free from anxiety, imperishable, eternal, always residing in the heart and present in all beings—they are not dead. (14-46-47)
न तत्र क्रमते बुद्धिर्नेन्द्रियाणि न देवताः। वेदा यज्ञाश्च लोकाश्च न तपो न पराक्रमः ॥ यत्र ज्ञानवतां प्राप्तिरलिङ्गग्रहणा स्मृता ॥१४-४६-४८॥
There, intellect does not reach, nor the senses, nor the gods; neither the Vedas, nor sacrifices or worlds, nor austerity, nor heroism—wherever the attainment of the wise is considered to be grasping of the featureless. (14-46-48)
तस्मादलिङ्गो धर्मज्ञो धर्मव्रतमनुव्रतः। गूढधर्माश्रितो विद्वानज्ञातचरितं चरेत् ॥१४-४६-४९॥
Therefore, one unmarked, wise, who knows dharma, and follows vows of dharma, adopting hidden dharma, should live with conduct that is unknown to others. (14-46-49)
अमूढो मूढरूपेण चरेद्धर्ममदूषयन्। यथैनमवमन्येरन्परे सततमेव हि ॥१४-४६-५०॥
One who is not deluded, behaving as if deluded, should practice righteousness without defiling it, so that others may always indeed look down upon him. (14-46-50)
तथावृत्तश्चरेद्धर्मं सतां वर्त्माविदूषयन्। यो ह्येवं वृत्तसम्पन्नः स मुनिः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ॥१४-४६-५१॥
One who thus practices righteousness, maintaining good conduct without tarnishing the path of the virtuous—such a person is called the foremost sage. (14-46-51)
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थांश्च महाभूतानि पञ्च च। मनोबुद्धिरथात्मानमव्यक्तं पुरुषं तथा ॥१४-४६-५२॥
The senses, the sense-objects, the five great elements, the mind, intellect, and then the self, the unmanifest, and the person as well. (14-46-52)
सर्वमेतत्प्रसङ्ख्याय सम्यक्सन्त्यज्य निर्मलः। ततः स्वर्गमवाप्नोति विमुक्तः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥१४-४६-५३॥
Having well considered all this and completely abandoned it, becoming pure, one then attains heaven, freed from all bonds. (14-46-53)
एतदेवान्तवेलायां परिसङ्ख्याय तत्त्ववित्। ध्यायेदेकान्तमास्थाय मुच्यतेऽथ निराश्रयः ॥१४-४६-५४॥
At the final hour, the knower of reality, thoroughly examining this, should meditate in seclusion; then, being without dependence, he is liberated. (14-46-54)
निर्मुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेभ्यो वायुराकाशगो यथा। क्षीणकोशो निरातङ्कः प्राप्नोति परमं पदम् ॥१४-४६-५५॥
Just as the wind, freed from all attachments and moving in the sky, when its sheaths are dissolved and it is without obstacle, attains the supreme state. (14-46-55)
