14.046
brahmovāca॥
Brahmā said.
evam etena mārgeṇa pūrvoktena yathāvidhi। adhītavān yathāśakti tathaiva brahmacaryavān ॥14-46-1॥
Thus, following this very path as previously instructed and observing the proper rules, he studied to the best of his ability while maintaining chastity. (14-46-1)
svadharmanirato vidvānsarvendriyayato muniḥ। guroḥ priyahite yuktaḥ satyadharmaparaḥ śuciḥ ॥14-46-2॥
A sage learned and self-controlled, engaged in his own prescribed duty, devoted to the well-being and pleasure of his teacher, committed to truth and righteousness, and pure. (14-46-2)
guruṇā samanujñāto bhuñjītānnamakutsayan। haviṣyabhaikṣyabhuk cāpi sthānāsanavihāravān ॥14-46-3॥
Having obtained full permission from his teacher, he should eat food without disdain, eat sacrificial and alms food, and be regulated in standing, sitting, and moving about. (14-46-3)
dvikālam agniṁ juhvānaḥ śuciḥ bhūtvā samāhitaḥ। dhārayīta sadā daṇḍaṁ bailvaṁ pālāśam eva vā ॥14-46-4॥
One who, being pure and concentrated, offers oblations into the fire twice a day, should always hold a staff made of bilva or palāśa wood. (14-46-4)
kṣaumaṃ kārpāsikaṃ vāpi mṛgājinam athāpi vā। sarvaṃ kāṣāyaraktaṃ syād vāso vāpi dvijasya ha ॥14-46-5॥
Linen, cotton, or deerskin—any of these, or all, should be of ochre-red color; indeed, the garment of a twice-born must be like this. (14-46-5)
mekhalā ca bhavenmauñjī jaṭī nityodakastathā। yajñopavītī svādhyāyī aluptaniyatavrataḥ ॥14-46-6॥
One should have a girdle made of muñja grass, matted locks, always carry water, wear the sacred thread, be devoted to self-study, never neglect duties, and observe fixed vows. (14-46-6)
pūtābhiś ca tathaivādbhiḥ sadā daivatatarpaṇam। bhāvena niyataḥ kurvan brahmacārī praśasyate ॥14-46-7॥
A celibate student who always performs the propitiation of deities with pure offerings and water, with devotion and self-control, is praised. (14-46-7)
evaṁ yukto jayetsvargamūrdhvaretāḥ samāhitaḥ। na saṁsarati jātiṣu paramaṁ sthānamāśritaḥ ॥14-46-8॥
Thus engaged, with his energy directed upwards and mind composed, he conquers heaven. Attaining the supreme abode, he no longer transmigrates among births. (14-46-8)
saṁskṛtaḥ sarvasaṁskāraiḥ tathaiva brahmacaryavān। grāmān niṣkramya cāraṇyam muniḥ pravrajitaḥ vaset ॥14-46-9॥
A sage, purified by all purifications and practicing celibacy in just that way, should go out from the village to the forest and dwell there after renouncing home. (14-46-9)
carmavalkalasaṃvītaḥ svayaṃ prātar upaspṛśet। araṇyagocaraḥ nityaṃ na grāmaṃ praviśet punaḥ ॥14-46-10॥
He who is clad in skin and bark should himself perform morning ablutions; always living in the forest, he should not again enter the village. (14-46-10)
arcayannatithīnkāle dadyāccāpi pratiśrayam। phalapatrāvarairmūlaiḥ śyāmākena ca vartayan ॥14-46-11॥
He honors guests at the proper time, giving them shelter also, while sustaining himself on fruits, leaves, coverings, roots, and śyāmāka. (14-46-11)
pravṛttamudakaṃ vāyuṃ sarvaṃ vāneyamā tṛṇāt। prāśnīyād ānupūrvyēṇa yathā dīkṣam atandritaḥ॥14-46-12॥
He should partake of flowing water, air, or anything else—even from a blade of grass—in the prescribed sequence, just as a person performing a religious vow, without any laziness. (14-46-12)
āmūlaphalabhikṣābhir arcet atithim āgatam। yad bhakṣaḥ syāt tato dadyāt bhikṣāṃ nityam atandritaḥ॥14-46-13॥
One should honor an arriving guest with offerings of roots and fruits. Whatever food is available, from that he should always give alms, without sloth. (14-46-13)
devatātithipūrvaṁ ca sadā bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ। askanditamanāścaiva laghvāśī devatāśrayaḥ॥14-46-14॥
One should always eat only after honoring the deity and guest, with controlled speech and an undistracted mind; eating in moderation, giving precedence to the deity. (14-46-14)
dānto maitraḥ kṣamāyuktaḥ keśaśmaśru ca dhārayan| juhvann svādhyāyaśīlaś ca satyadharmaparāyaṇaḥ ॥14-46-15॥
He is self-controlled, friendly, endowed with forgiveness, bears his hair and beard, offers oblations, is devoted to self-study, and upholds truth and righteousness. (14-46-15)
tyaktadehaḥ sadā dakṣo vananityaḥ samāhitaḥ। evaṃ yukto jayetsvargaṃ vānaprastho jitendriyaḥ॥14-46-16॥
A vānaprastha who is always skilful, ever dwelling in the forest, concentrated, and has conquered the senses—thus engaged, having abandoned the body—may attain heaven. (14-46-16)
gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho'tha vā punaḥ। ya icchenmokṣamāsthātumuttamāṃ vṛttimāśrayet ॥14-46-17॥
Whether one is a householder, a celibate student, or a forest-dweller—whoever wishes to attain liberation should adopt the highest conduct. (14-46-17)
abhayaṃ sarvabhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret। sarvabhūtahito maitraḥ sarvendriyayato muniḥ॥14-46-18॥
Having given fearlessness to all beings, one should practice freedom from action; the sage, who is beneficent to all beings, friendly, and restrains all the senses. (14-46-18)
ayācitam asaṅkḷiptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā। joṣayet sadā bhojyaṃ grāsam āgatam aspṛhaḥ॥14-46-19॥
A person who is free from desire should always accept food that comes of its own accord—unasked, not hoarded, and obtained by chance—when a morsel arrives. (14-46-19)
yātrāmātraṃ ca bhuñjīta kevalaṃ prāṇayātrikam | dharmalabdhaṃ tathāśnīyān na kāmamanuvartayet ||14-46-20||
One should eat merely to maintain the journey of life, solely for sustaining vital breath. Similarly, one should consume only what has been righteously obtained and should not follow desire. (14-46-20)
grāsādācchādanāccānyanna gṛhṇīyātkathañcana। yāvadāhārayettāvatpratigṛhṇīta nānyathā ॥14-46-21॥
He should not accept anything other than food and clothing by any means. He should accept only as much as he needs, not otherwise. (14-46-21)
parebhyo na pratigrāhyaṃ na ca deyaṃ kadācana. dainyabhāvācca bhūtānāṃ saṃvibhajya sadā budhaḥ ॥14-46-22॥
One should neither accept nor give anything to others at any time; and the wise, always distributing (what he receives), does so considering the state of misery among beings. (14-46-22)
nādadīta parasvāni na gṛhṇīyād ayācitam। na kiñcid viṣayaṃ bhuktvā spṛhayet tasya vai punaḥ ॥14-46-23॥
He should not take the possessions of others, nor should he accept anything that is not given upon request. After having enjoyed any object, he should not desire it again. (14-46-23)
mṛdam āpas tathā aśmānam patra-puṣpa-phalāni ca | asaṁvṛtāni gṛhṇīyāt pravṛttāni iha kāryavān ॥14-46-24॥
One who is engaged in duty should take earth, water, stones, leaves, flowers, and fruits, and uncovered things lying here. (14-46-24)
na śilpajīvikāṁ jīved dvir annaṁ na uta kāmayet। na dveṣṭā na upadeṣṭā ca bhavet nirupaskṛtaḥ॥ śraddhāpūtāni bhuñjīta nimittāni vivarjayet॥14-46-25॥
One should not live by means of a craft as a livelihood, nor desire food that has been given twice. One should not be one who hates, nor one who instructs, while remaining unhonored. One should eat food purified by faith and avoid omens. (14-46-25)
mudhāvṛttir asaktaś ca sarvabhūtair asaṃvidam। kṛtvā vahniṃ cared bhaikṣyaṃ vidhūme bhuktavaj jane ॥14-46-26॥
With an attitude of non-possession and detachment, unnoticed by all beings, having kindled the sacred fire, one should seek alms, without smoke, and behave among people as though having already eaten. (14-46-26)
vṛtte śarāvasampāte bhaikṣyaṃ lipseta mokṣavit। lābhe na ca prahṛṣyeta nālābhe vimanā bhavet ॥14-46-27॥
When one who knows liberation obtains alms-food gathered in a bowl, he should desire only that. He should not rejoice when he gains it, nor feel dejected when he does not. (14-46-27)
mātrāśī kālam ākāṅkṣaṃś cared bhaikṣyaṃ samāhitaḥ। lābhaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ necche nna bhuñjītābhipūjitaḥ॥ abhipūjita-lābhād dhi vijugupseta bhikṣukaḥ॥14-46-28॥
One who seeks alms should eat only in measured quantity, wait for the proper time, and remain collected. He should not desire common gain, nor accept food out of special honor. The beggar should indeed avoid gifts that come with special honor. (14-46-28)
śuktāni aml̥āni tiktāni kaṣāya-kaṭukāni ca। na āsvādayīta bhuñjānaḥ rasāṁś ca madhurāṁs tathā॥ yātrā-mātraṁ ca bhuñjīta kevalaṁ prāṇa-yātrikam॥14-46-29॥
One should not relish foods that are acidic, sour, bitter, astringent, or pungent, nor tastes that are sweet; eating just enough solely for the maintenance of life and sustenance. (14-46-29)
asaṁrodhena bhūtānāṁ vṛttiṁ lipseta mokṣavit। na cānyamanubhikṣeta bhikṣamāṇaḥ kathaṁcana॥14-46-30॥
The knower of liberation should seek his livelihood without obstructing the livelihood of beings, and one who is begging should not, in any way, seek alms from another. (14-46-30)
na saṁnikāśayed dharmaṁ vivikte virajāś caret. śūnyāgāram araṇyaṁ vā vṛkṣamūlaṁ nadīṁ tathā ॥ pratiśrayārthaṁ seveta pārvatīṁ vā punar guhām ॥14-46-31॥
One should not publicize dharma; in solitude, being passionless, one should dwell. He may stay in an empty house, a forest, at the foot of a tree, by a river likewise. For shelter, one should resort to a mountain or again a cave. (14-46-31)
grāmaika-rātriko grīṣme varṣāsu ekatra vā vaset. adhvā sūryeṇa nirdiṣṭaḥ kīṭavat ca caren mahīm ॥14-46-32॥
In the summer, a mendicant should stay only one night in a village, and during the rainy season, stay in one place; or, he may travel on the road, following the path indicated by the sun, and roam the earth like an insect. (14-46-32)
dayārthaṁ caiva bhūtānāṁ samīkṣya pṛthivīṁ caret। sañcayāṁś ca na kurvīta snehavāsaṁ ca varjayet॥14-46-33॥
One should move about the earth considering the welfare of all beings out of compassion; one should not accumulate possessions and should avoid dwelling in attachment. (14-46-33)
pūtena cāmbhasā nityaṁ kāryaṁ kurvīta mokṣavit। upaspṛśed uddhṛtābhir adbhiś ca puruṣaḥ sadā ॥14-46-34॥
One who knows mokṣa should always perform duties with purified water. A person should always touch (purify himself) with water that is drawn and purified. (14-46-34)
ahiṁsā brahmacaryaṁ ca satyam ārjavām eva ca। akrodhaś cān asūyā ca damo nityam apaiśunam॥14-46-35॥
Non-violence, chastity, truth, straightforwardness, freedom from anger, absence of envy, self-control, and always avoiding slander. (14-46-35)
aṣṭāsveteṣu yuktaḥ syād-vrateṣu niyatendriyaḥ। apāpamaśaṭhaṃ vṛttam-ajihmaṃ nityam-ācaret॥14-46-36॥
One should be engaged in these eight vows, with controlled senses; one should always practice conduct that is sinless, not hypocritical, and straightforward. (14-46-36)
āśīryuktāni karmāṇi hiṃsāyuktāni yāni ca। lokasaṅgrahadharmaṃ ca naiva kuryān na kārayet ॥14-46-37॥
One should neither do nor cause to be done actions accompanied by curses, actions involving violence, or those that are not duties upholding the welfare of the world. (14-46-37)
sarvabhāvān atikramya laghumātraḥ parivrajet। samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthāvareṣu careṣu ca ॥14-46-38॥
Having transcended all beings, a mendicant of simple needs should wander, remaining equable towards all creatures, both immobile and mobile. (14-46-38)
paraṃ nodvejayet kañcin na ca kasyacid udvijet। viśvāsyaḥ sarvabhūtānām agryo mokṣavid ucyate ॥14-46-39॥
He should not agitate anyone, nor should he be agitated by anyone. Trustworthy to all beings, the foremost knower of liberation is called such. (14-46-39)
anāgataṃ ca na dhyāyennātītam anucintayet। vartamānam upekṣeta kālākāṅkṣī samāhitaḥ ॥14-46-40॥
One should not contemplate the future, nor brood over the past. One who awaits the right time and is mentally collected should disregard the present. (14-46-40)
na cakṣuṣā na manasā na vācā dūṣayet kvacit। na pratyakṣaṃ parokṣaṃ vā kiñcid duṣṭaṃ samācaret ॥14-46-41॥
One should never harm by eye, mind, or speech. One should not do anything wicked, either openly or secretly. (14-46-41)
indriyāṇy upasaṁhṛtya kūrmo'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ। kṣīṇendriya-mano-buddhir nirīkṣeta nirindriyaḥ॥14-46-42॥
Just as a tortoise completely withdraws its limbs, one should withdraw the senses; when the senses, mind, and intellect are exhausted, one who is free from the senses should observe. (14-46-42)
nirdvandvo nirnamaskāro niḥsvāhākāra eva ca। nirmamo nirahaṅkāro niryogakṣema eva ca ॥14-46-43॥
He is free from duality, does not perform salutations, does not utter svāhā, is without sense of 'mine', is free from ego, and has abandoned seeking gain and preservation. (14-46-43)
nirāśiḥ sarvabhūteṣu nirāsaṅgo nirāśrayaḥ। sarvajñaḥ sarvato mukto mucyate nātra saṃśayaḥ ॥14-46-44॥
One who is free from desires among all beings, detached, without dependence, omniscient, liberated in every way—such a one is released; there is no doubt here. (14-46-44)
apāṇipādapṛṣṭhaṃ tamaśiraskamanūdaram। prahīṇaguṇakarmāṇaṃ kevalaṃ vimalaṃ sthiram॥14-46-45॥
That which has no back, hands, or feet; whose head is darkness; which is without a belly; free from qualities and action; unique, pure, and unchanging. (14-46-45)
agandharasamasparśamarūpāśabdameva ca। atvagasthyatha vāmajjamamāṃsamapi caiva ha ॥14-46-46॥
It is in truth without smell, taste, touch, form, or sound; and is also without skin, bone, marrow, or flesh as well. (14-46-46)
niścintam avyayam nityam hṛdi-stham api nityadā. sarva-bhūta-stham ātmānam ye paśyanti na te mṛtāḥ ॥14-46-47॥
Those who see the self as free from anxiety, imperishable, eternal, always residing in the heart and present in all beings—they are not dead. (14-46-47)
na tatra kramate buddhir nendriyāṇi na devatāḥ. vedā yajñāś ca lokāś ca na tapo na parākramaḥ ॥ yatra jñānavatāṃ prāptir aliṅgagrahaṇā smṛtā ॥14-46-48॥
There, intellect does not reach, nor the senses, nor the gods; neither the Vedas, nor sacrifices or worlds, nor austerity, nor heroism—wherever the attainment of the wise is considered to be grasping of the featureless. (14-46-48)
tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño dharmavratamanuvrataḥ। gūḍhadharmāśrito vidvān ajñātacaritam caret ॥14-46-49॥
Therefore, one unmarked, wise, who knows dharma, and follows vows of dharma, adopting hidden dharma, should live with conduct that is unknown to others. (14-46-49)
amūḍho mūḍharūpeṇa cared dharmam adūṣayan। yathainam avamanyeran pare satatam eva hi ॥14-46-50॥
One who is not deluded, behaving as if deluded, should practice righteousness without defiling it, so that others may always indeed look down upon him. (14-46-50)
tathāvṛttaś cared dharmaṁ satāṁ vartmāvidūṣayan। yo hy evaṁ vṛttasampannaḥ sa muniḥ śreṣṭha ucyate॥14-46-51॥
One who thus practices righteousness, maintaining good conduct without tarnishing the path of the virtuous—such a person is called the foremost sage. (14-46-51)
indriyāṇīndriyārthāṁś ca mahābhūtāni pañca ca. mano buddhir athātmānam avyaktaṁ puruṣaṁ tathā ॥14-46-52॥
The senses, the sense-objects, the five great elements, the mind, intellect, and then the self, the unmanifest, and the person as well. (14-46-52)
sarvam etat prasaṅkhyāya samyak santyajya nirmalaḥ। tataḥ svargam avāpnoti vimuktaḥ sarva-bandhanaiḥ॥14-46-53॥
Having well considered all this and completely abandoned it, becoming pure, one then attains heaven, freed from all bonds. (14-46-53)
etadeva-antavelāyāṃ parisaṅkhyāya tattvavit dhyāyet-ekāntam-āsthāya mucyate'tha nirāśrayaḥ ॥14-46-54॥
At the final hour, the knower of reality, thoroughly examining this, should meditate in seclusion; then, being without dependence, he is liberated. (14-46-54)
nirmuktaḥ sarvasaṅgebhyo vāyur ākāśago yathā। kṣīṇakośo nirātaṅkaḥ prāpnoti paramaṃ padam ॥14-46-55॥
Just as the wind, freed from all attachments and moving in the sky, when its sheaths are dissolved and it is without obstacle, attains the supreme state. (14-46-55)
