15.010
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; (a proper name, king of the Kuru dynasty); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (3rd person singular, aorist tense, from root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Dhritarashtra said;)
Dhritarashtra said;
व्यवहाराश्च ते तात नित्यमाप्तैरधिष्ठिताः। योज्यास्तुष्टैर्हितै राजन्नित्यं चारैरनुष्ठिताः ॥१५-१०-१॥
vyavahārāś ca te tāta nityam āptair adhiṣṭhitāḥ। yojyās tuṣṭair hitai rājann nityaṃ cārair anuṣṭhitāḥ॥15-10-1॥
[व्यवहाराः (vyavahārāḥ) - interactions; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - your; तात (tāta) - dear one; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted (men); अधिष्ठिताः (adhiṣṭhitāḥ) - conducted; योज्याः (yojyāḥ) - should be employed; तुष्टैः (tuṣṭaiḥ) - by satisfied (persons); हितैः (hitaiḥ) - by well-wishers; राजन् (rājan) - O king; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies; अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - carried out;]
(And your interactions, dear one, always conducted by trusted men; should be employed by satisfied well-wishers, O king, always carried out by spies.)
Dear one, your affairs should always be conducted by trusted men and assigned to contented well-wishers; O king, let them always also be carried out by spies. (15-10-1)
परिमाणं विदित्वा च दण्डं दण्ड्येषु भारत। प्रणयेयुर्यथान्यायं पुरुषास्ते युधिष्ठिर ॥१५-१०-२॥
parimāṇaṃ viditvā ca daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyeṣu bhārata। praṇayeyur yathā-nyāyaṃ puruṣās te yudhiṣṭhira ॥15-10-2॥
[परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - measure; विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known; च (ca) - and; दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment; दण्ड्येषु (daṇḍyeṣu) - towards those who are to be punished; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; प्रणयेयुः (praṇayeyuḥ) - should impose; यथा-न्यायम् (yathā-nyāyam) - according to justice; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; ते (te) - those; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Having known the measure, and the punishment, towards those who are to be punished, O Bhārata, those men should impose (it) according to justice, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, O Bhārata, those men should impose punishment justly on the punishable, having ascertained the measure. (15-10-2)
आदानरुचयश्चैव परदाराभिमर्शकाः। उग्रदण्डप्रधानाश्च मिथ्या व्याहारिणस्तथा ॥१५-१०-३॥
ādānarucayaś caiva paradārābhimarśakāḥ। ugradanḍapradhānāś ca mithyā vyāhāriṇas tathā ॥15-10-3॥
[आदानरुचयः (ādānarucayaḥ) - those having desire for taking (others' property); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परदाराभिमर्शकाः (paradārābhimarśakāḥ) - those who touch/approach others’ wives; उग्रदण्डप्रधानाः (ugradanḍapradhānāḥ) - those who exercise harsh punishment; च (ca) - and; मिथ्या (mithyā) - false/lying; व्याहारिणः (vyāhāriṇaḥ) - speakers; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(Those with desire for taking (others' property), and indeed those who approach others’ wives, those who exercise harsh punishment, and false speakers likewise.)
Those who are eager to seize others' property, who desire others' wives, who inflict harsh punishments, and, likewise, those who speak falsely. (15-10-3)
आक्रोष्टारश्च लुब्धाश्च हन्तारः साहसप्रियाः। सभाविहारभेत्तारो वर्णानां च प्रदूषकाः ॥ हिरण्यदण्ड्या वध्याश्च कर्तव्या देशकालतः ॥१५-१०-४॥
ākroṣṭāraś ca lubdhāś ca hantāraḥ sāhasapriyāḥ। sabhā-vihāra-bhettāro varṇānāṃ ca pradūṣakāḥ॥ hiraṇyadaṇḍyā vadhyāś ca kartavyā deśa-kālataḥ॥15-10-4॥
[आक्रोष्टारः (ākroṣṭāraḥ) - abusers; च (ca) - and; लुब्धाः (lubdhāḥ) - greedy ones; च (ca) - and; हन्तारः (hantāraḥ) - killers; साहसप्रियाः (sāhasapriyāḥ) - those fond of violence; सभाविहारभेत्तारः (sabhā-vihāra-bhettāraḥ) - disturbers of assemblies and meetings; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of classes; च (ca) - and; प्रदूषकाः (pradūṣakāḥ) - corruptors; हिरण्यदण्ड्याः (hiraṇyadaṇḍyāḥ) - liable to monetary fines; वध्याः (vadhyāḥ) - to be executed; च (ca) - and; कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - are to be made; देशकालतः (deśa-kālataḥ) - according to place and time;]
(Abusers and greedy ones and killers, those fond of violence, disturbers of assemblies and meetings, and corruptors of classes—liable to monetary fines, and to be executed also, are to be made according to place and time.)
Abusers, greedy people, killers, those fond of violence, violators of assemblies and gatherings, and corruptors of social classes—these should be punished with monetary fines or execution, as suited to the time and place. (15-10-4)
प्रातरेव हि पश्येथा ये कुर्युर्व्ययकर्म ते। अलङ्कारमथो भोज्यमत ऊर्ध्वं समाचरेः ॥१५-१०-५॥
prātareva hi paśyethā ye kuryurvyayakarma te। alaṅkāramatho bhojyamata ūrdhvaṃ samācareḥ ॥15-10-5॥
[प्रातरेव (prātareva) - indeed in the morning; हि (hi) - for; पश्येथा (paśyethā) - you should see; ये (ye) - who; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - have done; व्ययकर्म (vyayakarma) - expenditure act; ते (te) - those; अलङ्कारम् (alaṅkāram) - adornment; अथ (atha) - then; उ (u) - indeed; भोय्यम् (bhojyam) - what is to be eaten; अतः (ataḥ) - after that; ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - further; समाचरेः (samācareḥ) - you should perform;]
(Indeed in the morning, for you should see those who have done the act of expenditure; then adornment, indeed food after that, further you should perform.)
Early in the morning, you should observe those who have made expenditures; then undertake adornment, after that, food, and then proceed with your further activities. (15-10-5)
पश्येथाश्च ततो योधान्सदा त्वं परिहर्षयन्। दूतानां च चराणां च प्रदोषस्ते सदा भवेत् ॥१५-१०-६॥
paśyethāś ca tato yodhān sadā tvaṃ pariharṣayan। dūtānāṃ ca carāṇāṃ ca pradoṣas te sadā bhavet॥15-10-6॥
[पश्येथाः (paśyethāḥ) - you should see; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - then; योधान् (yodhān) - warriors; सदा (sadā) - always; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; परिहर्षयन् (pariharṣayan) - encouraging; दूतानाम् (dūtānām) - of messengers; च (ca) - and; चराणाम् (carāṇām) - of spies; च (ca) - and; प्रदोषः (pradoṣaḥ) - evening (period after sunset); ते (te) - for you; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(You should see and then always the warriors, encouraging, of messengers and of spies and the evening for you should always be.)
You should therefore always observe the warriors, encouraging them; and the evening should always be the time for you to meet with messengers and spies. (15-10-6)
सदा चापररात्रं ते भवेत्कार्यार्थनिर्णये। मध्यरात्रे विहारस्ते मध्याह्ने च सदा भवेत् ॥१५-१०-७॥
sadā cāpararātraṁ te bhavet kāryārthaniṛṇaye. madhyarātre vihāras te madhyāhne ca sadā bhavet ॥15-10-7॥
[सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; अपररात्रं (apararātraṁ) - late night; ते (te) - for you; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; कार्यार्थनिर्णये (kāryārthaniṛṇaye) - for determining the purpose of duty; मध्यरात्रे (madhyarātre) - at midnight; विहारः (vihāraḥ) - rest; ते (te) - for you; मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at midday; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(Always, and in the late night, for you there should be for determining the purpose of duty. At midnight, rest for you at midday and always should be.)
Always, in the late night, you should decide matters of duty; at midnight you should rest, and at midday too you should always take rest. (15-10-7)
सर्वे त्वात्ययिकाः कालाः कार्याणां भरतर्षभ। तथैवालङ्कृतः काले तिष्ठेथा भूरिदक्षिणः ॥ चक्रवत्कर्मणां तात पर्यायो ह्येष नित्यशः ॥१५-१०-८॥
sarve tvātyayikāḥ kālāḥ kāryāṇāṃ bharatarṣabha। tathaivālaṅkṛtaḥ kāle tiṣṭhethā bhūridakṣiṇaḥ ॥ cakravatkarmaṇāṃ tāta paryāyo hyeṣa nityaśaḥ ॥15-10-8॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; त्वात्ययिकाः (tvātyayikāḥ) - for you, inevitable; कालाः (kālāḥ) - times; कार्याणां (kāryāṇāṃ) - of actions; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; तथा (tathā) - so; एव (eva) - indeed; आलङ्कृतः (ālaṅkṛtaḥ) - one adorned; काले (kāle) - at the proper time; तिष्ठेथा (tiṣṭhethā) - you should stay; भूरिदक्षिणः (bhūridakṣiṇaḥ) - one who gives many gifts; चक्रवत् (cakravat) - like a wheel; कर्मणां (karmaṇāṃ) - of actions; तात (tāta) - O dear one; पर्यायः (paryāyaḥ) - cycle; turn; हि (hi) - indeed; एष (eṣa) - this; नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly;]
(All for you inevitable times of actions, O best of the Bharatas. So indeed adorned at the proper time you should stay, giver of many gifts. Like a wheel, of actions, O dear one, cycle indeed this constantly.)
O best of the Bharatas, all the times of actions are inevitable for you. In the same way, you, adorned and generous, should remain at the right time. Like a wheel, cycles of actions, O dear one, this indeed is constant. (15-10-8)
कोशस्य सञ्चये यत्नं कुर्वीथा न्यायतः सदा। द्विविधस्य महाराज विपरीतं विवर्जयेः ॥१५-१०-९॥
kośasya sañcaye yatnaṃ kurvīthā nyāyataḥ sadā। dvividhyasya mahārāja viparītaṃ vivarjayeḥ ॥15-10-9॥
[कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury; सञ्चये (sañcaye) - in accumulation; यत्नं (yatnaṃ) - effort; कुर्वीथा (kurvīthā) - you should make; न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - according to justice; सदा (sadā) - always; द्विविधस्य (dvividhyasya) - of two kinds; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; विपरीतं (viparītaṃ) - the opposite; विवर्जयेः (vivarjayeḥ) - you should avoid;]
(Of the treasury in accumulation effort you should make according to justice always; of two kinds O great king the opposite you should avoid.)
Always make every effort to accumulate the treasury justly; O great king, you should avoid the opposite in both respects. (15-10-9)
चारैर्विदित्वा शत्रूंश्च ये ते राज्यान्तरायिणः। तानाप्तैः पुरुषैर्दूराद्घातयेथाः परस्परम् ॥१५-१०-१०॥
cārair viditvā śatrūṁś ca ye te rājyāntarāyiṇaḥ। tān āptaiḥ puruṣaiḥ dūrāt ghātayethāḥ parasparam ॥15-10-10॥
[चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies; विदित्वा (viditvā) - having ascertained; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; ते (te) - those; राज्य-अन्तरायिणः (rājya-antarāyiṇaḥ) - hinderers of the kingdom; तान् (tān) - them; आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted (men); पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by men; दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance; घातयेथाः (ghātayethāḥ) - should cause to be killed; परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually;]
(By spies, having ascertained the enemies and those who are hinderers of the kingdom, them by trusted men from a distance you should cause to be killed mutually.)
Having discovered through spies who your enemies are, and all those who obstruct your kingdom, you should have them destroyed by trusted men from a distance, one against another. (15-10-10)
कर्मदृष्ट्याथ भृत्यांस्त्वं वरयेथाः कुरूद्वह। कारयेथाश्च कर्माणि युक्तायुक्तैरधिष्ठितैः ॥१५-१०-११॥
karmadṛṣṭyātha bhṛtyāṁstvaṁ varayethāḥ kurūdvaha। kārayethāśca karmāṇi yuktāyuktairadhiṣṭhitaiḥ ॥15-10-11॥
[कर्मदृष्ट्या (karmadṛṣṭyā) - from the perspective of action; अथ (atha) - and; भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants; त्वम् (tvam) - you; वरयेथाः (varayethāḥ) - should choose; कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of the Kurus; कारयेथाः (kārayethāḥ) - should have performed; च (ca) - and; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; युक्तअयुक्तैः (yuktāyuktaiḥ) - by the competent and incompetent; अधिष्ठितैः (adhiṣṭhitaiḥ) - under supervision;]
(From the perspective of action, and servants you should choose, O best of the Kurus; and actions you should have performed by the competent and incompetent, under supervision.)
O best of the Kurus, you should choose servants based on their capacity for action; and you should have deeds performed by both competent and incompetent ones under supervision. (15-10-11)
सेनाप्रणेता च भवेत्तव तात दृढव्रतः। शूरः क्लेशसहश्चैव प्रियश्च तव मानवः ॥१५-१०-१२॥
senāpraṇetā ca bhavet tava tāta dṛḍhavrataḥ। śūraḥ kleśasahaś caiva priyaś ca tava mānavaḥ॥15-10-12॥
[सेनाप्रणेता (senāpraṇetā) - leader of the army; च (ca) - and; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; तव (tava) - your; तात (tāta) - O dear (father/child); दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in resolve; शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave; क्लेशसहः (kleśasahaḥ) - enduring hardship; चैव (ca eva) - and indeed; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; च (ca) - and; तव (tava) - your; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man;]
(Leader of the army and should be your, O dear, firm in resolve, brave, enduring hardship and indeed dear and your man.)
O dear, the leader of your army should be a man who is firm in resolve, brave, able to endure hardships, and dear to you. (15-10-12)
सर्वे जानपदाश्चैव तव कर्माणि पाण्डव। पौरोगवाश्च सभ्याश्च कुर्युर्ये व्यवहारिणः ॥१५-१०-१३॥
sarve jānapadāścaiva tava karmāṇi pāṇḍava। paurogavāśca sabhyāśca kuryur ye vyavahāriṇaḥ ॥15-10-13॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; जानपदाः (jānapadāḥ) - country people; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तव (tava) - your; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - acts; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; पौरोगवाः (paurogavāḥ) - chiefs (of towns); च (ca) - and; सभ्याः (sabhyāḥ) - assembly members; च (ca) - and; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should do; ये (ye) - those who; व्यवहारिणः (vyavahāriṇaḥ) - are concerned with affairs;]
(All country people and indeed your acts, O Pāṇḍava, chiefs (of towns) and assembly members and should do, those who are concerned with affairs.)
O Pāṇḍava, all the people of the country, as well as the chiefs of towns and assembly members, and those engaged in affairs, indeed should carry out your acts. (15-10-13)
स्वरन्ध्रं पररन्ध्रं च स्वेषु चैव परेषु च। उपलक्षयितव्यं ते नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर ॥१५-१०-१४॥
svārandhraṃ pararandhraṃ ca sveṣu caiva pareṣu ca। upalakṣayitavyaṃ te nityameva yudhiṣṭhira ॥15-10-14॥
[स्वरन्ध्रं (svārandhraṃ) - one’s own weak point; पररन्ध्रं (pararandhraṃ) - another’s weak point; च (ca) - and; स्वेषु (sveṣu) - among one’s own; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परेषु (pareṣu) - among others; च (ca) - and; उपलक्षयितव्यं (upalakṣayitavyam) - should be noticed; ते (te) - by you; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(One’s own weak point, another’s weak point, and among one’s own and among others indeed, should be noticed by you always, indeed, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, you should always carefully observe both your own faults and those of others, among your own people and among others. (15-10-14)
देशान्तरस्थाश्च नरा विक्रान्ताः सर्वकर्मसु। मात्राभिरनुरूपाभिरनुग्राह्या हितास्त्वया ॥१५-१०-१५॥
deśāntarasthāś ca narā vikrāntāḥ sarvakarmasu। mātrābhir anurūpābhir anugrāhyā hitās tvayā ॥15-10-15॥
[देशान्तरस्थाः (deśāntarasthāḥ) - dwelling in other countries; च (ca) - and; नराः (narāḥ) - men; विक्रान्ताः (vikrāntāḥ) - valiant; सर्वकर्मसु (sarvakarmasu) - in all actions; मात्राभिः (mātrābhiḥ) - with measures; अनुरूपाभिः (anurūpābhiḥ) - suitable; अनुग्राह्याः (anugrāhyāḥ) - to be favored; हिताः (hitāḥ) - beneficial; त्वया (tvayā) - by you;]
(Men dwelling in other countries and valiant in all actions, with measures suitable, beneficial, are to be favored by you.)
Men who reside in other lands and who are valiant in all actions should be favored by you with proper measures, as they are beneficial. (15-10-15)
गुणार्थिनां गुणः कार्यो विदुषां ते जनाधिप। अविचाल्याश्च ते ते स्युर्यथा मेरुर्महागिरिः ॥१५-१०-१६॥
guṇārthināṃ guṇaḥ kāryo viduṣāṃ te janādhipa। avicālyāś ca te te syur yathā merur mahāgiriḥ ॥15-10-16॥
[गुणार्थिनां (guṇārthinām) - of those seeking virtue; गुणः (guṇaḥ) - virtue; कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done; विदुषां (viduṣām) - of the wise; ते (te) - those; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of people; अविचाल्याश् (avicālyāḥ) - unshakable; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; ते (te) - those; स्यु: (syuḥ) - should be; यथा (yathā) - like; मेरुः (meruḥ) - Meru (the sacred mountain); महागिरिः (mahāgiriḥ) - great mountain;]
(Of those seeking virtue, virtue should be done; of the wise, those, O ruler of people, and they, those should be unshakable, like Meru, the great mountain.)
O ruler of people, virtue should be cultivated for those who seek virtue; those of the wise should remain unshakable, like Meru, the great mountain. (15-10-16)
