15.011
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (third person singular perfect);]
(Dhritarashtra said;)
Dhritarashtra said.
मण्डलानि च बुध्येथाः परेषामात्मनस्तथा। उदासीनगुणानां च मध्यमानां तथैव च ॥१५-११-१॥
maṇḍalāni ca budhyethāḥ pareṣām ātmanaḥ tathā। udāsīna-guṇānāṃ ca madhyamānāṃ tathaiva ca ॥15-11-1॥
[मण्डलानि (maṇḍalāni) - circles; च (ca) - and; बुध्येथाः (budhyethāḥ) - you should understand; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; तथा (tathā) - also; उदासीनगुणानाम् (udāsīna-guṇānām) - of the characteristics of neutrals; च (ca) - and; मध्यमानाम् (madhyamānām) - of the intermediates; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(Circles and you should understand of others, of oneself also; of the characteristics of neutrals and of the intermediates likewise and.)
You should understand the circles of others and yourself, as well as the qualities of the neutrals and the intermediates likewise. (15-11-1)
चतुर्णां शत्रुजातानां सर्वेषामाततायिनाम्। मित्रं चामित्रमित्रं च बोद्धव्यं तेऽरिकर्शन ॥१५-११-२॥
caturṇāṃ śatrujātānāṃ sarveṣām ātatāyinām। mitraṃ ca amitra-mitraṃ ca boddhavyaṃ te 'rikarṣaṇa ॥15-11-2॥
[चतुर्णां (caturṇāṃ) - of the four; (groups;) शत्रुजातानां (śatru-jātānāṃ) - of the kinds of enemies; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; आततायिनाम् (ātatāyinām) - of aggressors; मित्रं (mitraṃ) - friend; च (ca) - and; अमित्रमित्रं (amitra-mitraṃ) - false friend (enemy-posing-as-friend); च (ca) - and; बोद्धव्यं (boddhavyam) - is to be understood; ते (te) - by you; अरिकर्शन (arikarṣaṇa) - O subduer of foes;]
(Of the four groups of enemies, of all aggressors, friend and false friend and, is to be understood by you, O subduer of foes.)
O subduer of foes, you should discern among all the four kinds of enemies and aggressors, which are the friend and which is the false friend. (15-11-2)
तथामात्या जनपदा दुर्गाणि विषमाणि च। बलानि च कुरुश्रेष्ठ भवन्त्येषां यथेच्छकम् ॥१५-११-३॥
tathāmātyā janapadā durgāṇi viṣamāṇi ca। balāni ca kuruśreṣṭha bhavantyeṣāṃ yathecchakam॥15-11-3॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - ministers; जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - districts; दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - fortresses; विषमाणि (viṣamāṇi) - difficult terrains; च (ca) - and; बलानि (balāni) - forces; च (ca) - and; कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of Kurus; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; यथेच्छकम् (yathecchakam) - as desired;]
(Thus ministers, districts, fortresses, difficult terrains and forces, O best of Kurus, of these are as desired.)
In the same way, O best of Kurus, the ministers, districts, fortresses, difficult terrains, and forces of these people are as they desire. (15-11-3)
ते च द्वादश कौन्तेय राज्ञां वै विविधात्मका:। मन्त्रिप्रधानाश्च गुणाः षष्टिर्द्वादश च प्रभो ॥१५-११-४॥
te ca dvādaśa kaunteya rājñāṃ vai vividhātmakāḥ। mantripradhānāś ca guṇāḥ ṣaṣṭir dvādaśa ca prabho ॥15-11-4॥
[ते (te) - they; च (ca) - and; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī; राज्ञां (rājñām) - of kings; वै (vai) - indeed; विविधात्मकाः (vividhātmakāḥ) - of various natures; मन्त्रिप्रधानाः (mantripradhānāḥ) - ministerial chief; च (ca) - and; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; षष्टिः (ṣaṣṭiḥ) - sixty; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; च (ca) - and; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord;]
(They and twelve, O son of Kuntī, of kings indeed of various natures; ministerial chief and qualities sixty, twelve and, O lord.)
And those twelve types, O son of Kuntī, of kings indeed are of various natures; and there are sixty plus twelve qualities of ministerial leaders, O lord. (15-11-4)
एतन्मण्डलमित्याहुराचार्या नीतिकोविदाः। अत्र षाड्गुण्यमायत्तं युधिष्ठिर निबोध तत् ॥१५-११-५॥
etanmaṇḍalamityāhurācāryā nītikovidāḥ। atra ṣāḍguṇyamāyattaṃ yudhiṣṭhira nibodha tat ॥15-11-5॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - circle; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers; नीतिकोविदाः (nītikovidāḥ) - experts in policy; अत्र (atra) - here; षाड्गुण्यम् (ṣāḍguṇyam) - the sixfold policy; आयत्तम् (āyattam) - dependent; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; निबोध (nibodha) - know; तत् (tat) - that;]
(This circle thus teachers, experts in policy, say. Here the sixfold policy is dependent, Yudhiṣṭhira, know that.)
Teachers who are experts in policy call this the circle. Here, the sixfold policy is dependent upon it; Yudhiṣṭhira, know this. (15-11-5)
वृद्धिक्षयौ च विज्ञेयौ स्थानं च कुरुनन्दन। द्विसप्तत्या महाबाहो ततः षाड्गुण्यचारिणः ॥१५-११-६॥
vṛddhikṣayau ca vijñeyau sthānaṃ ca kurunandana। dvisaptatyā mahābāho tataḥ ṣāḍguṇyacāriṇaḥ ॥15-11-6॥
[वृद्धि (vṛddhi) - increase; क्षयौ (kṣayau) - and decrease; च (ca) - and; विज्ञेयौ (vijñeyau) - (are) to be known; स्थानं (sthānam) - situation; च (ca) - and; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus; द्विसप्तत्या (dvisaptatyā) - by seventy-two; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; ततः (tataḥ) - then; षाड्गुण्यचारिणः (ṣāḍguṇyacāriṇaḥ) - those who follow the six policies;]
(Increase and decrease and the situation, O delight of the Kurus, by seventy-two, O mighty-armed, then (of) those who follow the six policies.)
O delight of the Kurus, increase and decrease and the situation (are) to be understood, O mighty-armed, in the context of seventy-two types, then (applied to) those who follow the six-fold policy. (15-11-6)
यदा स्वपक्षो बलवान्परपक्षस्तथाबलः। विगृह्य शत्रून्कौन्तेय यायात्क्षितिपतिस्तदा ॥ यदा स्वपक्षोऽबलवांस्तदा सन्धिं समाश्रयेत् ॥१५-११-७॥
yadā svapakṣo balavān parapakṣas tathābalaḥ। vigṛhya śatrūn kaunteya yāyāt kṣitipatistadā॥ yadā svapakṣo'balavāṁs tadā sandhiṁ samāśrayet॥15-11-7॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; स्वपक्षः (svapakṣaḥ) - one's own side; बलवान् (balavān) - strong; परपक्षः (parapakṣaḥ) - the opposing side; तथा (tathā) - likewise; बलः (balaḥ) - (is) strong; विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - having fought; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; यायात् (yāyāt) - should proceed; क्षितिपतिः (kṣitipatiḥ) - the king; तदा (tadā) - then; यदा (yadā) - when; स्वपक्षः (svapakṣaḥ) - one's own side; अबलवान् (abalavān) - weak; तदा (tadā) - then; सन्धिम् (sandhim) - (should seek) alliance; समाश्रयेत् (samāśrayet) - should resort;]
(When one's own side is strong, and the opposing side likewise strong, having fought the enemies, O son of Kunti, then should the king proceed. When one's own side is weak, then he should resort to alliance.)
When both one's own side and the enemy are of equal strength, O son of Kunti, then the king should, after fighting the enemies, advance. But when one's own side is weak, then he should resort to making alliances. (15-11-7)
द्रव्याणां सञ्चयश्चैव कर्तव्यः स्यान्महांस्तथा। यदा समर्थो यानाय नचिरेणैव भारत ॥१५-११-८॥
dravyāṇāṃ sañcayaś caiva kartavyaḥ syān mahāṃs tathā । yadā samartho yānāya nacireṇaiva bhārata ॥15-11-8॥
[द्रव्याणां (dravyāṇām) - of wealth (resources); सञ्चयः (sañcayaḥ) - accumulation; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done; स्यान् (syān) - should be; महांश् (mahāṃs) - great; तथा (tathā) - also; in that way; यदा (yadā) - when; समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable; यानाय (yānāya) - for going; नचिरेण (nacireṇa) - soon; not after a long time; एव (eva) - indeed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata);]
(Of wealth accumulation indeed and should be done; should be great also. When capable for departure not after a long time indeed, O Bhārata.)
The accumulation of wealth should indeed be undertaken, and it should be considerable. When one is capable of departing, O Bhārata, it should not be long delayed. (15-11-8)
तदा सर्वं विधेयं स्यात्स्थानं च न विभाजयेत्। भूमिरल्पफला देया विपरीतस्य भारत ॥१५-११-९॥
tadā sarvaṁ vidheyaṁ syāt sthānaṁ ca na vibhājayet। bhūmir alpa-phalā deyā viparītasya bhārata॥15-11-9॥
[तदा (tadā) - then; सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all; विधेयं (vidheyaṁ) - should be assigned; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; स्थानं (sthānaṁ) - a place; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; विभाजयेत् (vibhājayet) - should divide; भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - land; अल्पफला (alpa-phalā) - producing little fruit; देया (deyā) - should be given; विपरीतस्य (viparītasya) - of the contrary (one); भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Then all should be assigned, and a place should not be divided. Land yielding little fruit should be given to the contrary, O Bhārata.)
Then all should be assigned together, and a place should not be divided. Land of little yield should be given to the opposing party, O Bhārata. (15-11-9)
हिरण्यं कुप्यभूयिष्ठं मित्रं क्षीणमकोशवत्। विपरीतान्न गृह्णीयात्स्वयं सन्धिविशारदः ॥१५-११-१०॥
hiraṇyaṃ kupya-bhūyiṣṭhaṃ mitraṃ kṣīṇam akozhavat। viparītān na gṛhṇīyāt svayaṃ sandhi-viśāradaḥ ॥15-11-10॥
[हिरण्यं (hiraṇyam) - gold; कुप्यभूयिष्ठं (kupya-bhūyiṣṭham) - rich in merchandise; मित्रं (mitram) - friend; क्षीणम् (kṣīṇam) - diminished; अकोशवत् (akośavat) - like a person without a treasury; विपरीतान् (viparītān) - contrary ones; न (na) - not; गृह्णीयात् (gṛhṇīyāt) - should accept; स्वयं (svayam) - oneself; सन्धिविशारदः (sandhi-viśāradaḥ) - one skilled in alliances;]
(Gold rich in merchandise, friend diminished like one without a treasury; contrary ones, not should accept, oneself, one skilled in alliances.)
A person skilled in alliances should not himself accept either gold that is primarily merchandise, or a friend who is impoverished like someone with no treasury, or things of contrary nature. (15-11-10)
सन्ध्यर्थं राजपुत्रं च लिप्सेथा भरतर्षभ। विपरीतस्तु तेऽदेयः पुत्र कस्याञ्चिदापदि ॥ तस्य प्रमोक्षे यत्नं च कुर्याः सोपायमन्त्रवित् ॥१५-११-११॥
sandhyarthaṁ rājaputraṁ ca lipsethā bharatarṣabha। viparītastu te'deyaḥ putra kasyāñcidāpadi॥ tasya pramokṣe yatnaṁ ca kuryāḥ sopāyamantravita॥15-11-11॥
[सन्ध्यर्थं (sandhyartham) - for the sake of conciliation; राजपुत्रं (rājaputram) - prince; च (ca) - and; लिप्सेथा (lipsethā) - you should desire (to obtain); भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - bull among Bharatas; विपरीतः (viparītaḥ) - the opposite (case); तु (tu) - but; ते (te) - to you; अदेयः (adeyaḥ) - not to be given; पुत्र (putra) - son; कस्याञ्चिदापदि (kasyāñcid āpadi) - in any calamity; तस्य (tasya) - of him; प्रमोक्षे (pramokṣe) - for release; यत्नं (yatnam) - effort; च (ca) - and; कुर्याः (kuryāḥ) - you should make; सोपायमन्त्रवित् (sopāyamantravita) - knowing means and counsel;]
(For the sake of conciliation, the prince also you should desire to obtain, O bull among Bharatas; but in the opposite case, the son is not to be given to you in any calamity. For his release, you should make effort, knowing means and counsel. (15-11-11))
For the sake of conciliation you should seek the prince too, O best of the Bharatas; but in the contrary case, the son is not to be given to you in any calamity. For his release, make every effort, knowing means and strategy. (15-11-11)
प्रकृतीनां च कौन्तेय राजा दीनां विभावयेत्। क्रमेण युगपद्द्वंद्वं व्यसनानां बलाबलम् ॥१५-११-१२॥
prakṛtīnāṃ ca kaunteya rājā dīnāṃ vibhāvayet। krameṇa yugapad-dvandvaṃ vyasanānāṃ balābalam ॥15-11-12॥
[प्रकृतीनां (prakṛtīnāṃ) - of ministers; (of aids/constituent elements); च (ca) - and; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; राजा (rājā) - the king; दीनां (dīnām) - of the distressed; (afflicted/weak); विभावयेत् (vibhāvayet) - should discern; (should understand/consider); क्रमेण (krameṇa) - sequentially; (in order); युगपद्द्वंद्वं (yugapad-dvandvam) - simultaneous pairs; (together-pair/opposing pair); व्यसनानां (vyasanānāṃ) - of calamities; (of misfortunes); बलाबलम् (balābalam) - strength and weakness;]
(And of the ministers, O son of Kunti, the king should discern even of the distressed. Sequentially, the simultaneous pair of calamities, the strength and weakness.)
O son of Kunti, the king should consider even the weakest among his ministers. He should, in order, also discern the relative strengths and weaknesses of calamities when they arise together. (15-11-12)
पीडनं स्तम्भनं चैव कोशभङ्गस्तथैव च। कार्यं यत्नेन शत्रूणां स्वराष्ट्रं रक्षता स्वयम् ॥१५-११-१३॥
pīḍanaṃ stambhanaṃ caiva kośabhaṅgastathaiva ca। kāryaṃ yatnena śatrūṇāṃ svarāṣṭraṃ rakṣatā svayam ॥15-11-13॥
[पीडनं (pīḍanam) - affliction; preasure; स्तम्भनं (stambhanam) - restraining; checking; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कोशभङ्गः (kośabhaṅgaḥ) - breaking of treasury; तथा (tathā) - likewise; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; कार्यं (kāryam) - to be done; यत्नेन (yatnena) - by effort; शत्रूणां (śatrūṇām) - of enemies; स्वराष्ट्रं (svarāṣṭram) - own kingdom; रक्षता (rakṣatā) - by one protecting; स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself;]
(Affliction, restraining, and indeed breaking of the treasury likewise, must be done by effort against the enemies, by one protecting his own kingdom himself.)
Afflicting, restraining, and breaking the treasury of enemies likewise—these actions should be performed with effort by one who himself protects his own kingdom. (15-11-13)
न च हिंस्योऽभ्युपगतः सामन्तो वृद्धिमिच्छता। कौन्तेय तं न हिंसेत यो महीं विजिगीषते ॥१५-११-१४॥
na ca hiṃsyo'bhyupagataḥ sāmanto vṛddhim icchatā. kaunteya taṃ na hiṃset yo mahīṃ vijigīṣate ॥15-11-14॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; हिंस्यः (hiṃsyaḥ) - should be harmed; अभ्युपगतः (abhyupagataḥ) - one who has approached; सामन्तः (sāmantaḥ) - feudatory; vassal; वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - increase; growth; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; तम् (tam) - him; न (na) - not; हिंसेत (hiṃset) - should harm; यः (yaḥ) - who; महीम् (mahīm) - the earth (kingdom); विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer;]
(And one should not harm a feudatory who has come (to submit), by one desiring growth; O son of Kunti, him, one should not harm, who desires to conquer the earth.)
And a vassal who has approached (submitted) should not be harmed by one seeking increase; O Kaunteya, one who desires to conquer the earth should not harm him. (15-11-14)
गणानां भेदने योगं गच्छेथाः सह मन्त्रिभिः। साधुसङ्ग्रहणाच्चैव पापनिग्रहणात्तथा ॥१५-११-१५॥
gaṇānāṃ bhedane yogaṃ gacchethāḥ saha mantribhiḥ. sādhusaṅgrahaṇāccaiva pāpanigrahaṇāttathā ॥15-11-15॥
[गणानाम् (gaṇānām) - of groups; (of assemblies; of factions;) भेदने (bhedane) - in dividing; (in bringing division;) योगम् (yogam) - alliance; connection; union; गच्छेथाः (gacchethāḥ) - you should enter; (you should attain;) सह (saha) - with; together with; मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - with ministers; साधुसङ्ग्रहणात् (sādhusaṅgrahaṇāt) - from collecting the virtuous; from assembling the good; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; पापनिग्रहणात् (pāpanigrahaṇāt) - from restraining the wicked; from suppressing evil; तथा (tathā) - likewise; also;]
(Of groups in dividing, alliance you should enter with ministers. From the collecting of the virtuous indeed and from restraining the wicked likewise.)
You should, together with your ministers, form alliances in dividing groups. Likewise, by assembling the virtuous and restraining the wicked. (15-11-15)
दुर्बलाश्चापि सततं नावष्टभ्या बलीयसा। तिष्ठेथा राजशार्दूल वैतसीं वृत्तिमास्थितः ॥१५-११-१६॥
durbalāś cāpi satataṁ nāvaṣṭabhyā balīyasā। tiṣṭhethā rājaśārdūla vaitasīṁ vṛttim āsthitaḥ ॥15-11-16॥
[दुर्बलाः (durbalāḥ) - the weak; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; सततम् (satatam) - always; न (na) - not; आवष्टभ्य (āvaṣṭabhya) - having oppressed; बलीयसा (balīyasā) - by strength; तिष्ठेथाः (tiṣṭhethāḥ) - you should remain; राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings; वैतसीम् (vaitasīm) - of the bamboo (reed); वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - conduct; आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having assumed;]
(The weak also always not having oppressed by strength, you should remain, O tiger among kings, having assumed the conduct of the bamboo.)
O tiger among kings, you should always remain having assumed the conduct of the bamboo, not oppressing the weak by your strength. (15-11-16)
यद्येवमभियायाच्च दुर्बलं बलवान्नृपः। सामादिभिरुपायैस्तं क्रमेण विनिवर्तयेत् ॥१५-११-१७॥
yadyevamaḷiyāyācca durbalaṃ balavān nṛpaḥ। sāmādibhir upāyais taṃ krameṇa vinivartayet॥15-11-17॥
[यदि (yadi) (yadi) - if; एवम् (evam) (evam) - thus; अभियायात् (abhiyāyāt) (abhiyāyāt) - should approach; च (ca) (ca) - and; दुर्बलम् (durbalam) (durbalam) - the weak; बलवान् (balavān) (balavān) - the strong; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) (nṛpaḥ) - king; सामादिभिः (sāmādibhiḥ) (sāmādibhiḥ) - by sāma (conciliation) and other means; उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) (upāyaiḥ) - by means; तम् (tam) (tam) - him; क्रमेण (krameṇa) (krameṇa) - gradually; विनिवर्तयेत् (vinivartayet) (vinivartayet) - should cause (him) to turn back;]
(If thus the strong king should approach the weak, and by means of sāma and other means, gradually should cause him to turn back.)
If thus a strong king approaches a weak one, he should gradually make him withdraw using conciliation and other means. (15-11-17)
अशक्नुवंस्तु युद्धाय निष्पतेत्सह मन्त्रिभिः। कोशेन पौरैर्दण्डेन ये चान्ये प्रियकारिणः ॥१५-११-१८॥
aśaknuvan tu yuddhāya niṣpatet saha mantribhiḥ। kośena paurair daṇḍena ye ca anye priyakāriṇaḥ॥15-11-18॥
[अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable; (lit. not being able); तु (tu) - but; युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle; (dat. sg. of yuddha); निष्पतेत् (niṣpatet) - should go forth; (3rd pers. sg. opt. of niṣ√pat); सह (saha) - with; मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - with ministers; (inst. pl. of mantrin); कोशेन (kośena) - with treasury; (inst. sg. of kośa); पौरैः (paurair) - with citizens; (inst. pl. of pauri); दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - with punishment (power); (inst. sg. of daṇḍa); ये (ye) - who; (nom. pl. m. of yaḥ); च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; (nom. pl. m. of anya); प्रियकारिणः (priyakāriṇaḥ) - those who act favorably; (nom. pl. m. of priyakārin);]
(But being unable for battle, he should go forth with ministers, with treasury, with citizens, with punishment, and others who act favorably.)
But if unable for battle, he should go out along with his ministers, treasury, citizens, means of punishment, and others who are well-wishers. (15-11-18)
असम्भवे तु सर्वस्य यथामुख्येन निष्पतेत्। क्रमेणानेन मोक्षः स्याच्छरीरमपि केवलम् ॥१५-११-१९॥
asambhave tu sarvasya yathāmukhyena niṣpatet। krameṇānena mokṣaḥ syāccharīramapi kevalam ॥15-11-19॥
[असम्भवे (asambhave) - in the impossibility; तु (tu) - but; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; यथामुख्येन (yathāmukhyena) - according to the chief (order); निष्पतेत् (niṣpatet) - it would proceed; क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in sequence; अनेन (anena) - by this; मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; अपि (api) - even; केवलम् (kevalam) - alone;]
(But in the impossibility (asambhave) of all, according to the chief (order), it would proceed; by this in sequence, liberation would be; and even the body alone.)
But if (the path) for all is impossible, then it would proceed according to the principal (order); by this sequence, liberation would arise, and the body alone would remain. (15-11-19)
