Incredible Wisdom of Bharat!

jayati parāśara-sūnuḥ satyavatī-hṛdaya-nandano vyāsaḥ | yasyāsya-kamala-galitaṃ vāṅmayam amṛtaṃ jagat pibati ||

Victorious is Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara and the delight of Satyavatī’s heart; the whole world drinks the immortal nectar of literature flowing from the lotus of his mouth.

[PV-KDV:01_001_1] (Bharata-Ext)

The core narrative of Jaya is much older than the Nara-Nārāyaṇa narrative. Hence, it requires a more common Vyāsa invocation, without Nara, that is popular in most of the Purāṇas and is also found later in the Mahābhārata.

lōmaharṣaṇaputra ugraśravāḥ sūtaḥ paurāṇikō naimiṣāraṇyē śaunakasya kulapatērdvādaśavārṣikē satrē ॥BORI: 1-001-1॥

Ugraśravas, the Suta, son of Lomaharṣaṇa and a reciter of ancient lore, at Kulapati Śaunaka’s twelve-year sacrificial session in the Naimiṣa Forest… (BORI: 1-001-1)

[PV-KDV:01_001_3] (Bharata-Ext)

samāsīnānabhyagacchadbrahmarṣīnsaṁśitavratān। vinayāvanatō bhūtvā kadācitsūtanandanaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-2॥

One day, the Suta’s son bowed respectfully and approached the seated Brahmarshis, who were firm in their vows. (BORI: 1-001-2)

[PV-KDV:01_001_4] (Bharata-Ext)

tamāśramamanuprāptaṁ naimiṣāraṇyavāsinaḥ। citrāḥ śrōtuṁ kathāstatra parivavrustapasvinaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-3॥

When he arrived at the hermitage, the ascetics dwelling in the Naimisha Forest gathered around him there to hear wondrous tales. (BORI: 1-001-3)

[PV-KDV:01_001_5] (Bharata-Ext)

abhivādya munīṁstāṁstu sarvānēva kr̥tāñjaliḥ।apr̥cchatsa tapōvr̥ddhiṁ sadbhiścaivābhinanditaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-4॥

With palms joined, he greeted all those sages and asked about the progress of their austerities; the holy men welcomed him in turn. (BORI: 1-001-4)

[PV-KDV:01_001_6] (Bharata-Ext)

atha tēṣūpaviṣṭēṣu sarvēṣvēva tapasviṣu।nirdiṣṭamāsanaṁ bhējē vinayāllōmaharṣaṇiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-5॥

Then, when all the ascetics had taken their seats, Lomaharshana respectfully took the seat assigned to him. (BORI: 1-001-5)

[PV-KDV:01_001_7] (Bharata-Ext)

sukhāsīnaṁ tatastaṁ tu viśrāntamupalakṣya ca।athāpr̥cchadr̥ṣistatra kaścitprastāvayankathāḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-6॥

Then, seeing that he was comfortably seated and rested, one of the sages there began a conversation and asked: (BORI: 1-001-6)

[PV-KDV:01_001_8] (Bharata-Ext)

kuta āgamyatē sautē kva cāyaṁ vihr̥tastvayā।kālaḥ kamalapatrākṣa śaṁsaitatpr̥cchatō mama ॥BORI: 1-001-7॥

Where have you come from, O Suta, and where have you spent this time, lotus-eyed one? Tell me this, for I ask you. (BORI: 1-001-7)

[PV-KDV:01_001_9] (Bharata-Ext)

sūta uvāca॥

The Suta said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_10] (Bharata-Ext)

janamējayasya rājarṣēḥ sarpasatrē mahātmanaḥ।samīpē pārthivēndrasya samyakpārikṣitasya ca ॥BORI: 1-001-8॥

At the snake sacrifice of the great royal sage Janamejaya, in the presence of that foremost of kings, the worthy son of Parikshit... (BORI: 1-001-8)

[PV-KDV:01_001_11] (Bharata-Ext)

kr̥ṣṇadvaipāyanaprōktāḥ supuṇyā vividhāḥ kathāḥ।kathitāścāpi vidhivadyā vaiśampāyanēna vai ॥BORI: 1-001-9॥

the various, most sacred tales proclaimed by Krishna Dvaipayana and duly recounted by Vaishampayana... (BORI: 1-001-9)

[PV-KDV:01_001_12] (Bharata-Ext)

śrutvāhaṁ tā vicitrārthā mahābhāratasaṁśritāḥ।bahūni samparikramya tīrthānyāyatanāni ca ॥BORI: 1-001-10॥

After hearing those stories of varied content contained in the Mahabharata, and visiting many sacred fords and shrines… (BORI: 1-001-10)

[PV-KDV:01_001_13] (Bharata-Ext)

samantapañcakaṁ nāma puṇyaṁ dvijaniṣēvitam।gatavānasmi taṁ dēśaṁ yuddhaṁ yatrābhavatpurā ॥BORI: 1-001-11॥

I went to the sacred land called Samantapañcaka, frequented by Brahmins, where long ago there was a war... (BORI: 1-001-11)

[PV-KDV:01_001_14] (Bharata-Ext)

pāṇḍavānāṁ kurūṇāṁ ca sarvēṣāṁ ca mahīkṣitām ॥BORI: 1-001-11॥

between the Pandavas, the Kurus, and all the kings. (BORI: 1-001-11)

[PV-KDV:01_001_15] (Bharata-Ext)

didr̥kṣurāgatastasmātsamīpaṁ bhavatāmiha।āyuṣmantaḥ sarva ēva brahmabhūtā hi mē matāḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-12॥

Wishing to see them, I have therefore come here into your presence. Long-lived ones, I indeed regard you all as having become Brahman. (BORI: 1-001-12)

[PV-KDV:01_001_16] (Bharata-Ext)

asminyajñē mahābhāgāḥ sūryapāvakavarcasaḥ।kr̥tābhiṣēkāḥ śucayaḥ kr̥tajapyā hutāgnayaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-13॥

In this sacrifice, O greatly blessed ones, radiant as the sun and fire, you sit here after performing your ablutions, purified, having recited your prayers and offered oblations into the fire… (BORI: 1-001-13)

[PV-KDV:01_001_17] (Bharata-Ext)

bhavanta āsatē svasthā bravīmi kimahaṁ dvijāḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-13॥

You are seated here at ease. What shall I tell you, O Brahmins— (BORI: 1-001-13)

[PV-KDV:01_001_18] (Bharata-Ext)

purāṇasaṁśritāḥ puṇyāḥ kathā vā dharmasaṁśritāḥ।itivr̥ttaṁ narēndrāṇāmr̥ṣīṇāṁ ca mahātmanām ॥BORI: 1-001-14॥

Sacred tales drawn from the Puranas or concerning dharma; the history of kings and great-souled seers? (BORI: 1-001-14)

[PV-KDV:01_001_19] (Bharata-Ext)

r̥ṣaya ūcuḥ॥

The seers said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_20] (Bharata-Ext)

dvaipāyanēna yatprōktaṁ purāṇaṁ paramarṣiṇā।surairbrahmarṣibhiścaiva śrutvā yadabhipūjitam ॥BORI: 1-001-15॥

That Purana which was proclaimed by the great seer Dvaipayana and, upon being heard by the gods and Brahmarshis, was highly esteemed... (BORI: 1-001-15)

[PV-KDV:01_001_21] (Bharata-Ext)

tasyākhyānavariṣṭhasya vicitrapadaparvaṇaḥ।sūkṣmārthanyāyayuktasya vēdārthairbhūṣitasya ca ॥BORI: 1-001-16॥

of that finest of narratives, with its varied words and sections, endowed with subtle meanings and reasoning, and adorned with the meanings of the Vedas... (BORI: 1-001-16)

[PV-KDV:01_001_22] (Bharata-Ext)

This verse of the Mahābhārata specifically alludes to layered meanings, particularly those of the Vedas.

bhāratasyētihāsasya puṇyāṁ granthārthasaṁyutām।saṁskārōpagatāṁ brāhmīṁ nānāśāstrōpabr̥ṁhitām ॥BORI: 1-001-17॥

the sacred history of the Bhāratas, replete with the meaning of the work, refined, holy, and enriched by many śāstras… (BORI: 1-001-17)

[PV-KDV:01_001_23] (Bharata-Ext)

janamējayasya yāṁ rājñō vaiśampāyana uktavān।yathāvatsa r̥ṣistuṣṭyā satrē dvaipāyanājñayā ॥BORI: 1-001-18॥

which the sage Vaishampayana accurately and gladly recited to King Janamejaya at the sacrificial session, at Dvaipayana’s command... (BORI: 1-001-18)

[PV-KDV:01_001_24] (Bharata-Ext)

vēdaiścaturbhiḥ samitāṁ vyāsasyādbhutakarmaṇaḥ।saṁhitāṁ śrōtumicchāmō dharmyāṁ pāpabhayāpahām ॥BORI: 1-001-19॥

We wish to hear that sacred compilation of Vyasa, the performer of wondrous deeds, which is equal to the four Vedas, accords with dharma, and dispels the fear of sin. (BORI: 1-001-19)

[PV-KDV:01_001_25] (Bharata-Ext)

sūta uvāca॥

The Suta said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_26] (Bharata-Ext)

niṣprabhē’sminnirālōkē sarvatastamasāvr̥tē।br̥hadaṇḍamabhūdēkaṁ prajānāṁ bījamakṣayam ॥BORI: 1-001-27॥

In this lightless, unillumined expanse, enveloped on every side in darkness, there arose a single vast egg, the imperishable seed of all creatures. (BORI: 1-001-27)

[PV-KDV:01_001_34] (Bharata-Ext)

yugasyādau nimittaṁ tanmahaddivyaṁ pracakṣatē।yasmiṁstacchrūyatē satyaṁ jyōtirbrahma sanātanam ॥BORI: 1-001-28॥

At the beginning of the age, they declare it to be the great divine cause, within which, it is said, is that true light, eternal Brahman… (BORI: 1-001-28)

[PV-KDV:01_001_35] (Bharata-Ext)

adbhutaṁ cāpyacintyaṁ ca sarvatra samatāṁ gatam।avyaktaṁ kāraṇaṁ sūkṣmaṁ yattatsadasadātmakam ॥BORI: 1-001-29॥

wondrous and inconceivable, equally present everywhere—the unmanifest, subtle cause, that which is of the nature of both being and non-being... (BORI: 1-001-29)

[PV-KDV:01_001_36] (Bharata-Ext)

yasmātpitāmahō jajñē prabhurēkaḥ prajāpatiḥ।brahmā suraguruḥ sthāṇurmanuḥ kaḥ paramēṣṭhyatha ॥BORI: 1-001-30॥

from which was born the Grandfather—the sole lord Prajāpati Brahmā, teacher of the gods—and then Sthāṇu, Manu, Ka, and Parameṣṭhin… (BORI: 1-001-30)

[PV-KDV:01_001_37] (Bharata-Ext)

bhūtasthānāni sarvāṇi rahasyaṁ trividhaṁ ca yat।vēdayōgaṁ savijñānaṁ dharmō’rthaḥ kāma ēva ca ॥BORI: 1-001-46॥

all the abodes of beings, the threefold mystery, the application of the Vedas together with full understanding, and duty, wealth, and pleasure… (BORI: 1-001-46)

[PV-KDV:01_001_53] (Bharata-Ext)

dharmakāmārthaśāstrāṇi śāstrāṇi vividhāni ca।lōkayātrāvidhānaṁ ca sambhūtaṁ dr̥ṣṭavānr̥ṣiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-47॥

The sage saw that treatises on righteousness, desire, and wealth, various other sciences, and the ordering of worldly life had come into being. (BORI: 1-001-47)

[PV-KDV:01_001_54] (Bharata-Ext)

itihāsāḥ savaiyākhyā vividhāḥ śrutayō’pi ca।iha sarvamanukrāntamuktaṁ granthasya lakṣaṇam ॥BORI: 1-001-48॥

Histories with their explanations, and various sacred traditions as well—all this has been covered here, and the character of the work has been stated. (BORI: 1-001-48)

[PV-KDV:01_001_55] (Bharata-Ext)

tapasā brahmacaryēṇa vyasya vēdaṁ sanātanam।itihāsamimaṁ cakrē puṇyaṁ satyavatīsutaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-52॥

Through austerity and celibacy, Satyavatī’s son arranged the eternal Veda and composed this sacred history. (BORI: 1-001-52)

[PV-KDV:01_001_56] (Bharata-Ext)

The austerity and celibacy practised by Vyasa while composing the Mahabharata are highlighted too often.

tasyākhyānavariṣṭhasya kr̥tvā dvaipāyanaḥ prabhuḥ । kathamadhyāpayānīha śiṣyānityanvacintayat ॥KUMB: 1-1-80; NILA: 01.001.055; NILA: 01.001.056॥

Having composed that most excellent of narratives, the mighty Dvaipayana reflected, “How shall I teach it here to my disciples?” (KUMB: 1-1-80; NILA: 01.001.055; NILA: 01.001.056)

[PV-KDV:01_001_57] (Bharata-Ext)

tasya taccintitaṁ jñātvā r̥ṣērdvaipāyanasya ca । tatrājagāma bhagavānbrahmā lōkaguruḥ svayam ॥KUMB: 1-1-81; NILA: 01.001.056; NILA: 01.001.057॥

Knowing what the sage Dvaipayana was pondering, the blessed Brahma, teacher of the world, came there in person. (KUMB: 1-1-81; NILA: 01.001.056; NILA: 01.001.057)

[PV-KDV:01_001_58] (Bharata-Ext)

prītyarthaṁ tasya caivarṣērlōkānāṁ hitakāmyayā । taṁ dr̥ṣṭvā vismitō bhūtvā prāñjaliḥ praṇataḥ sthitaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-82; NILA: 01.001.057; NILA: 01.001.058॥

to please that sage and out of a desire for the welfare of the worlds. Seeing him, the sage stood astonished, bowing with joined palms. (KUMB: 1-1-82; NILA: 01.001.057; NILA: 01.001.058)

[PV-KDV:01_001_59] (Bharata-Ext)

āsanaṁ kalpayāmāsa sarvairmunigaṇairvr̥taḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-83; NILA: 01.001.058॥

Surrounded by all the assembled sages, he prepared a seat. (KUMB: 1-1-83; NILA: 01.001.058)

[PV-KDV:01_001_60] (Bharata-Ext)

hiraṇyamarbhamāsīnaṁ tasmiṁstu paramāsanē । parivr̥tyāsanabhyāśē vāsavēyaḥ sthitō’bhavat ॥KUMB: 1-1-84; NILA: 01.001.059॥

Vasava’s son circumambulated Hiranyagarbha, who was seated on that supreme throne, and then stood nearby. (KUMB: 1-1-84; NILA: 01.001.059)

[PV-KDV:01_001_61] (Bharata-Ext)

anujñātō’tha kr̥ṣṇastu brahmaṇā paramēṣṭhinā । niṣasādāsanābhyāśē prīyamāṇaḥ śucismitaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-85; NILA: 01.001.060॥

Then, with the permission of Brahmā, the Supreme Lord, the pure-smiling Kṛṣṇa sat down nearby, filled with delight. (KUMB: 1-1-85; NILA: 01.001.060)

[PV-KDV:01_001_62] (Bharata-Ext)

uvāca sa mahātējā brahmāṇaṁ paramēṣṭhinam । kr̥taṁ mayēdaṁ bhagavankāvyaṁ paramapūjitam ॥KUMB: 1-1-86; NILA: 01.001.061॥

Hey

[PV-KDV:01_001_63] (Bharata-Ext)

brahmanvēdarahasya ca yaccānyatsthāpitaṁ mayā । sāṅgōpaniṣadāṁ caiva vēdānāṁ vistarakriyā ॥KUMB: 1-1-87; NILA: 01.001.062॥

O Brahmā, the secret of the Veda and whatever else I have set forth, as well as a detailed exposition of the Vedas together with their ancillary disciplines and Upaniṣads... (KUMB: 1-1-87; NILA: 01.001.062)

[PV-KDV:01_001_64] (Bharata-Ext)

There is a clear indication that the subject matter of the Mahabharata is the Vedas and Upanishads, providing insight into their knowledge.

itihāsapradīpēna mōhāvaraṇaghātinā । lōkagarbhagr̥haṁ kr̥tsnaṁ yathāvatsaṁprakāśitam ॥KUMB: 1-1-103; NILA: 01.001.087॥

By the lamp of history, which dispels the veil of delusion, the whole inner chamber of the world has been illuminated just as it is. (KUMB: 1-1-103; NILA: 01.001.087)

[PV-KDV:01_001_65] (Bharata-Ext)

saṁgrahādhyāyabījō vai paulōmāstīkamūlavān । saṁbhavaskandhavistāraḥ sabhāparvaviṭaṅkavān ॥KUMB: 1-1-104; NILA: 01.001.088॥

with the Saṃgraha chapter as its seed, the Pauloma and Astika as its roots, the Sambhava as its spreading trunk, and the Sabha Parvan as its boughs… (KUMB: 1-1-104; NILA: 01.001.088)

[PV-PAN:01_001_66] (Bharata-Ext)

āraṇyaparvarūpāḍhyō virāṭōdyōgasāravān । bhīṣmaparvamahāśākhō drōṇaparvapalāśavān ॥KUMB: 1-1-105; NILA: 01.001.089॥

luxuriant in the form of the Aranyaka Parvan, with the Virata and Udyoga Parvans as its heartwood, the Bhishma Parvan as its great branch, and the Drona Parvan as its leaves... (KUMB: 1-1-105; NILA: 01.001.089)

[PV-PAN:01_001_67] (Bharata-Ext)

karṇaparvasitaiḥ puṣpaiḥ śalyaparvasugandhibhiḥ । strīparvaiṣīkaviśrāmaḥ śāntiparvamahāphalaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-106; NILA: 01.001.090॥

with white flowers in the form of the Karṇa Parvan, fragrant with the Śalya Parvan; with the Strī and Aiṣīka Parvans as its resting place, and the Śānti Parvan as its great fruit... (KUMB: 1-1-106; NILA: 01.001.090)

[PV-PAN:01_001_68] (Bharata-Ext)

aśvamēdhāmr̥tasastvāśramasthānasaṁśrayaḥ । mausalaśrutisaṁkṣēpaḥ śiṣṭadvijaniṣēvitaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-107; NILA: 01.001.091॥

with the Aśvamedha as its nectar-like sap, the Āśramasthāna as its abode, and the Mausala as its epitome of sacred tradition, frequented by learned Brahmins… (KUMB: 1-1-107; NILA: 01.001.091)

[PV-PAN:01_001_69] (Bharata-Ext)

sarvēṣāṁ kavimukhyānāmupajīvyō bhaviṣyati । parjanyaiva bhūtānāmakṣayō bhāradrumaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-108; NILA: 01.001.092॥

The inexhaustible, mighty tree will sustain all the foremost poets, just as Parjanya sustains living beings. (KUMB: 1-1-108; NILA: 01.001.092)

[PV-PAN:01_001_70] (Bharata-Ext)

kāvyasya lēkhanārthāya gaṇēśaḥ smaryatāṁ munē. ॥KUMB: 1-1-109; NILA: 01.001.074॥

O sage, call Ganesha to mind so that he may write the poem. (KUMB: 1-1-109; NILA: 01.001.074)

[PV-KDV:01_001_71] (Bharata-Ext)

ēvamābhāṣya taṁ brahmā jagāma svaṁ nivēśanam । bhagavānsa jagatsraṣṭā r̥ṣidēvagaṇaiḥ saha ॥KUMB: 1-1-110; NILA: 01.001.074॥

Having spoken to him thus, the blessed Brahmā, creator of the world, departed for his own abode together with the hosts of seers and gods. (KUMB: 1-1-110; NILA: 01.001.074)

[PV-KDV:01_001_72] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ sasmāra hērambaṁ vyāsaḥ satyavatīsutaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-111; NILA: 01.001.075॥

Then Vyasa, the son of Satyavati, called Heramba to mind. (KUMB: 1-1-111; NILA: 01.001.075)

[PV-KDV:01_001_73] (Bharata-Ext)

smr̥tamātrō gaṇēśānō bhaktacintitapūrakaḥ । tatrājagāma vighnēśō vēdavyāsō yataḥ sthitaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-112; NILA: 01.001.075; NILA: 01.001.076॥

As soon as he was remembered, Ganesha, the Lord of Obstacles who fulfills his devotees’ wishes, came to the place where Vedavyasa was staying. (KUMB: 1-1-112; NILA: 01.001.075; NILA: 01.001.076)

[PV-KDV:01_001_74] (Bharata-Ext)

pūjitaścōpaviṣṭaśca vyāsēnōktastadānagha । lēkhakō bhāratasyāsya bhava tvaṁ gaṇanāyaka ॥ mayaiva prōcyamānasya manasā kalpitasya ca ॥KUMB: 1-1-113; NILA: 01.001.076; NILA: 01.001.077॥

After he had been honored and had taken his seat, Vyasa addressed him, O sinless one: “Leader of the Ganas, be the scribe of this Bharata, conceived in my mind and recited by me.” (KUMB: 1-1-113; NILA: 01.001.076; NILA: 01.001.077)

[PV-KDV:01_001_75] (Bharata-Ext)

śrutvaitatprāha vighnēśō yadi mē lēkhanī kṣaṇam । likhatō nāvatiṣṭhēta tadā syāṁ lēkhakō hyaham ॥KUMB: 1-1-114; NILA: 01.001.078॥

Hearing this, Vighnesha said, “If my pen does not pause for even a moment as I write, then I shall indeed be the scribe.” (KUMB: 1-1-114; NILA: 01.001.078)

[PV-KDV:01_001_76] (Bharata-Ext)

vyāsō’pyuvāca taṁ dēvamabuddhvā mā likha kvacit । ōmityuktvā gaṇēśōpi babhūva kila lēkhakaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-115; NILA: 01.001.079॥

Vyāsa in turn said to the god, “Never write anything without understanding it.” Saying “Om,” Gaṇeśa then became his scribe. (KUMB: 1-1-115; NILA: 01.001.079)

[PV-KDV:01_001_77] (Bharata-Ext)

granthagranthiṁ tadā cakrē munirgūḍhaṁ kutūhalāt । yasminpratijñayā prāha munirdvaipāyanastvidam ॥KUMB: 1-1-116; NILA: 01.001.080॥

Then, out of curiosity, the sage fashioned an obscure knot in the text, concerning which the sage Dvaipayana made this declaration: (KUMB: 1-1-116; NILA: 01.001.080)

[PV-KDV:01_001_78] (Bharata-Ext)

aṣṭau ślōkasahasrāṇi aṣṭau ślōkaśatāni ca । ahaṁ vēdmi śukō vētti saṁjayō vētti vā na vā ॥KUMB: 1-1-117; NILA: 01.001.081॥

I know eight thousand eight hundred verses; Śuka knows them, and Saṃjaya may or may not know them. (KUMB: 1-1-117; NILA: 01.001.081)

[PV-KDV:01_001_79] (Bharata-Ext)

tacchlōkakūṭamadyāpi grathitaṁ sudr̥ḍhaṁ munē । bhēttuṁ na śakyatē’rthasyaṁ gūḍhatvātpraśritasya ca ॥KUMB: 1-1-118; NILA: 01.001.082॥

Even today, O sage, that knot of verses remains firmly tied and cannot be unraveled because its meaning is obscure and compressed. (KUMB: 1-1-118; NILA: 01.001.082)

[PV-KDV:01_001_80] (Bharata-Ext)

sarvajñōpi gaṇēśō yatkṣaṇamāstē vicārayan । tāvaccakāra vyāsōpi ślōkānanyānbahūnapi ॥KUMB: 1-1-119; NILA: 01.001.083॥

While even the all-knowing Ganesha paused for a moment to consider it, Vyasa composed many other verses. (KUMB: 1-1-119; NILA: 01.001.083)

[PV-KDV:01_001_81] (Bharata-Ext)

tasya vr̥kṣasya vakṣyāmi śākhāpuṣpaphalōdayam । svādumēdhyarasōpētamacchēdyamamarairapi ॥KUMB: 1-1-120; NILA: 01.001.093॥

I shall describe the growth of that tree—its branches, flowers, and fruit—filled with sweet, wholesome sap and impossible even for the immortals to cut down. (KUMB: 1-1-120; NILA: 01.001.093)

[PV-KDV:01_001_82] (Bharata-Ext)

The closely knit core of the Mahabharata consists of 8,800 verses. Even Lord Ganesha struggled to understand them, indicating the depth and layered nature of their knowledge. “Sanjaya may not understand” alludes to the possibility that an ordinary person may not grasp their full depth.

idaṁ dvaipāyanaḥ pūrvaṁ putramadhyāpayacchukam।tatō’nyēbhyō’nurūpēbhyaḥ śiṣyēbhyaḥ pradadau prabhuḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-63॥

Dvaipāyana first taught this to his son Śuka; then the master imparted it to other worthy disciples. (BORI: 1-001-63)

[PV-KDV:01_001_83] (Bharata-Ext)

janamējayēna pr̥ṣṭaḥ sanbrāhmaṇaiśca sahasraśaḥ।śaśāsa śiṣyamāsīnaṁ vaiśampāyanamantikē ॥BORI: 1-001-57॥

When questioned by Janamejaya and by Brahmins in their thousands, he instructed his disciple Vaishampayana, who was seated nearby. (BORI: 1-001-57)

[PV-KDV:01_001_84] (Bharata-Ext)

sa sadasyaiḥ sahāsīnaḥ śrāvayāmāsa bhāratam।karmāntarēṣu yajñasya cōdyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-58॥

Seated with the assembly, he recited the Bharata during intervals in the sacrifice, prompted again and again. (BORI: 1-001-58)

[PV-KDV:01_001_85] (Bharata-Ext)

caturviṁśatisāhasrīṁ cakrē bhāratasaṁhitām।upākhyānairvinā tāvadbhārataṁ prōcyatē budhaiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-61॥

He composed the Bhārata collection in twenty-four thousand verses; the learned say that this is the extent of the Bhārata without the subsidiary tales. (BORI: 1-001-61)

[PV-KDV:01_001_86] (Bharata-Ext)

Two facts become clear from this verse. First, Vyasa composed the Bharata with only 24,000 verses. Second, the statement that the knowledgeable consider only these 24,000 verses to be the Bharata, excluding the subsidiary texts, indicates a memory of the 24,000-verse text being the original even after its expansion.

vistīryaitanmahajjñānamr̥ṣiḥ saṅkṣēpamabravīt।iṣṭaṁ hi viduṣāṁ lōkē samāsavyāsadhāraṇam ॥BORI: 1-001-49॥

After expounding this great body of knowledge at length, the sage also presented it in brief; for learned people in this world value both concise and detailed accounts. (BORI: 1-001-49)

[PV-KDV:01_001_87] (Bharata-Ext)

manvādi bhārataṁ kēcidāstīkādi tathāparē।tathōparicarādyanyē viprāḥ samyagadhīyatē ॥BORI: 1-001-50॥

Some Brahmins study the Bharata properly from the story of Manu onward, others from the story of Astika, and still others from the story of Uparicara. (BORI: 1-001-50)

[PV-KDV:01_001_88] (Bharata-Ext)

The verse alludes to the expansion of the Bhārata, in which the story of Manu, beginning in the current chapter, forms the outermost layer; the Āstīka story forms the middle layer; and the Uparicara story forms the inner core.

vividhaṁ saṁhitājñānaṁ dīpayanti manīṣiṇaḥ।vyākhyātuṁ kuśalāḥ kēcidgranthaṁ dhārayituṁ parē ॥BORI: 1-001-51॥

The learned illuminate the diverse lore of the compilation; some are skilled at expounding it, while others can commit the text to memory. (BORI: 1-001-51)

[PV-KDV:01_001_89] (Bharata-Ext)

The verse indicates that understanding the layered interpretation of the Mahābhārata is a different skill from merely memorising it.

tatō’dhyardhaśataṁ bhūyaḥ saṅkṣēpaṁ kr̥tavānr̥ṣiḥ।anukramaṇimadhyāyaṁ vr̥ttāntānāṁ saparvaṇām ॥BORI: 1-001-62॥

Then the sage made a further abridgment in one hundred and fifty verses: the Anukramaṇī chapter, covering the events together with their books. (BORI: 1-001-62)

[PV-KDV:01_001_90] (Bharata-Ext)

The reference to 150 verses in the Anukramaṇī chapter alludes to a chapter consisting of only 150 verses.

parāśarātmajō vidvānbrahmarṣiḥ saṁśitavrataḥ।māturniyōgāddharmātmā gāṅgēyasya ca dhīmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-53॥

The learned son of Parāśara, a righteous Brahmarṣi of strict vows, at the behest of his mother and of the wise son of Gaṅgā… (BORI: 1-001-53)

[PV-PAN:01_001_91] (Bharata-Ext)

kṣētrē vicitravīryasya kr̥ṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ purā।trīnagnīniva kauravyāñjanayāmāsa vīryavān ॥BORI: 1-001-54॥

Long ago, the powerful Krishna Dvaipayana fathered three Kauravas, like three fires, in the field of Vicitravirya. (BORI: 1-001-54)

[PV-PAN:01_001_92] (Bharata-Ext)

utpādya dhr̥tarāṣṭraṁ ca pāṇḍuṁ viduramēva ca।jagāma tapasē dhīmānpunarēvāśramaṁ prati ॥BORI: 1-001-55॥

After begetting Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and Vidura, the wise man returned once more to his hermitage to practice austerities. (BORI: 1-001-55)

[PV-PAN:01_001_93] (Bharata-Ext)

tēṣu jātēṣu vr̥ddhēṣu gatēṣu paramāṁ gatim।abravīdbhārataṁ lōkē mānuṣē’sminmahānr̥ṣiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-56॥

When they had been born, grown up, and passed on to the highest state, the great seer recounted the Bharata in this human world. (BORI: 1-001-56)

[PV-PAN:01_001_94] (Bharata-Ext)

vistaraṁ kuruvaṁśasya gāndhāryā dharmaśīlatām।kṣattuḥ prajñāṁ dhr̥tiṁ kuntyāḥ samyagdvaipāyanō’bravīt ॥BORI: 1-001-59॥

Dvaipayana gave a full account of the Kuru lineage, Gandhari’s righteousness, the Kshattri’s wisdom, and Kunti’s steadfastness. (BORI: 1-001-59)

[PV-PAN:01_001_95] (Bharata-Ext)

vāsudēvasya māhātmyaṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca satyatām।durvr̥ttaṁ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāmuktavānbhagavānr̥ṣiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-60॥

The blessed sage recounted Vasudeva’s greatness, the Pandavas’ truthfulness, and the wicked conduct of Dhritarashtra’s sons. (BORI: 1-001-60)

[PV-PAN:01_001_99] (Bharata-Ext)

nāradō’śrāvayaddēvānasitō dēvalaḥ pitr̥n।gandharvayakṣarakṣāṁsi śrāvayāmāsa vai śukaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-64॥

Nārada recited it to the gods, Asita Devala to the ancestors, and Śuka recited it to the Gandharvas, Yakṣas, and Rākṣasas. (BORI: 1-001-64)

[PV-PAN:01_001_100] (Bharata-Ext)

duryōdhanō manyumayō mahādrumaḥ; skandhaḥ karṇaḥ śakunistasya śākhāḥ। duḥśāsanaḥ puṣpaphalē samr̥ddhē; mūlaṁ rājā dhr̥tarāṣṭrō’manīṣī ॥BORI: 1-001-65॥

Duryodhana is a great tree made of wrath; Karna is its trunk, Shakuni its branches, and Duhshasana its abundant flowers and fruits. Its root is the unwise King Dhritarashtra. (BORI: 1-001-65)

[PV-PAN:01_001_101] (Bharata-Ext)

yudhiṣṭhirē dharmamayō mahādrumaḥ skandhō’rjunō bhīmasēnō’sya śākhāḥ । mādrīsutau puṣpaphalē samr̥ddhē mūlaṁ kr̥ṣṇō brahma ca brāhmaṇāśca ॥KUMB: 1-1-129; NILA: 01.001.111॥

In Yudhishthira stands the great tree of dharma: Arjuna is its trunk, Bhimasena its branches, and the two sons of Madri its abundant flowers and fruit; Krishna, Brahman, and the Brahmins are its roots. (KUMB: 1-1-129; NILA: 01.001.111)

[PV-PAN:01_001_102] (Bharata-Ext)

pāṇḍurjitvā bahūndēśānyudhā vikramaṇēna ca । araṇyē mr̥gayāśīlō nyavasatsajanastathā ॥KUMB: 1-1-130; NILA: 01.001.112॥

Having conquered many lands through warfare and valor, Pandu lived in the forest with his retinue, devoting himself to hunting. (KUMB: 1-1-130; NILA: 01.001.112)

[PV-PAN:01_001_103] (Bharata-Ext)

mr̥gavyavāyanidhanātkr̥cchrāṁ prāpa sa āpadam । janmaprabhr̥ti pārthānāṁ tatrācāravidhikramaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-131; NILA: 01.001.113॥

By killing a deer while it was mating, he met with a grievous calamity. There follows the ordered account of the Pārthas’ conduct and rites from their birth onward… (KUMB: 1-1-131; NILA: 01.001.113)

[PV-PAN:01_001_104] (Bharata-Ext)

mātrōrabhyupapattiśca dharmōpaniṣadaṁ prati । dharmānilēndrāṁstābhiḥ sā’’juhāva sutavāñchayā ॥KUMB: 1-1-132॥

The two mothers’ acceptance of the secret teaching on dharma, and how she, desiring sons, invoked Dharma, Anila, and Indra by means of them… (KUMB: 1-1-132)

[PV-PAN:01_001_105] (Bharata-Ext)

tatō dharmōpaniṣadaṁ bhūtvā bhartuḥ priyā pr̥thā । dharmānilēndrāṁstābhiḥ sā’’juhāva sutavāñchayā ॥KUMB: 1-1-133॥

Then Pṛthā, dear to her husband and privy to the secret teaching of dharma, invoked Dharma, Wind, and Indra by those means, longing for sons. (KUMB: 1-1-133)

[PV-PAN:01_001_106] (Bharata-Ext)

taddattōpaniṣanmādrī cāśvināvājuhāva ca । jātāḥ pārthāstataḥ sarvē kuntyā mādryāśca mantrataḥ.tāpasaiḥ saha saṁvr̥ddhā mātr̥bhyāṁ parirakṣitāḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-134॥

Madri, having been given that secret formula, also invoked the Ashvins. Thus all the Parthas were born through the mantras of Kunti and Madri, and were raised among ascetics under the protection of their two mothers... (KUMB: 1-1-134)

[PV-PAN:01_001_107] (Bharata-Ext)

mēdhyāraṇyēṣu puṇyēṣu mahatāmāśramēṣu ca । tēṣu jātēṣu sarvēṣu pāṇḍavēṣu mahātmasu ॥KUMB: 1-1-135॥

in pure and sacred forests and in the hermitages of great sages. When all those noble sons of Pandu had been born, (KUMB: 1-1-135)

[PV-PAN:01_001_108] (Bharata-Ext)

mātrōrabhyupapattiśca dharmōpaniṣadaṁ prati। dharmasya vāyōḥ śakrasya dēvayōśca tathāśvinōḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-69॥

And the coming of Dharma, Vayu, Shakra, and likewise the twin gods, the Ashvins, to the two mothers in accordance with the secret teaching of dharma; (BORI: 1-001-69)

[PV-PAN:01_001_109] (Bharata-Ext)

tāpasaiḥ saha saṁvr̥ddhā mātr̥bhyāṁ parirakṣitāḥ। mēdhyāraṇyēṣu puṇyēṣu mahatāmāśramēṣu ca ॥BORI: 1-001-70॥

raised among ascetics and protected by their two mothers in pure, holy forests and in the hermitages of great sages; (BORI: 1-001-70)

[PV-PAN:01_001_110] (Bharata-Ext)

mādryā tu saha saṁgamya r̥ṣiśāpaprabhāvataḥ । mr̥taḥ pāṇḍurmahāpuṇyē śataśr̥ṅgē mahāgirau ॥॥KUMB: 1-1-136॥

But after having intercourse with Madri, Pandu died on the great and most sacred mountain Shatashringa, through the power of the sage’s curse. (KUMB: 1-1-136)

[PV-PAN:01_001_111] (Bharata-Ext)

r̥ṣibhiśca tadānītā dhārtarāṣṭrānprati svayam। śiśavaścābhirūpāśca jaṭilā brahmacāriṇaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-71॥

The seers themselves then brought them to the sons of Dhritarashtra. They were handsome young boys, celibate students with matted hair. (BORI: 1-001-71)

[PV-PAN:01_001_112] (Bharata-Ext)

putrāśca bhrātaraścēmē śiṣyāśca suhr̥daśca vaḥ। pāṇḍavā ēta ityuktvā munayō’ntarhitāstataḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-72॥

“These Pandavas are your sons and brothers, your disciples and friends.” Having said this, the sages vanished. (BORI: 1-001-72)

[PV-PAN:01_001_113] (Bharata-Ext)

tāṁstairnivēditāndr̥ṣṭvā pāṇḍavānkauravāstadā। śiṣṭāśca varṇāḥ paurā yē tē harṣāccukruśurbhr̥śam ॥BORI: 1-001-73॥

Seeing the Pandavas presented by those sages, the Kauravas and the respectable townspeople of every class cried out loudly for joy. (BORI: 1-001-73)

[PV-PAN:01_001_114] (Bharata-Ext)

āhuḥ kēcinna tasyaitē tasyaita iti cāparē। yadā ciramr̥taḥ pāṇḍuḥ kathaṁ tasyēti cāparē ॥BORI: 1-001-74॥

Some said, “These are not his sons,” while others said, “They are indeed his.” Still others said, “Since Pandu died long ago, how can they be his?” (BORI: 1-001-74)

[PV-PAN:01_001_115] (Bharata-Ext)

samavāyē tatō rājñāṁ kanyāṁ bhartr̥svayaṁvarām।prāptavānarjunaḥ kr̥ṣṇāṁ kr̥tvā karma suduṣkaram ॥BORI: 1-001-82॥

Then, at an assembly of kings, Arjuna accomplished an exceedingly difficult feat and won Krishna, the maiden who was choosing her own husband. (BORI: 1-001-82)

[PV-PAN:01_001_123] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ prabhr̥ti lōkē’sminpūjyaḥ sarvadhanuṣmatām।āditya iva duṣprēkṣyaḥ samarēṣvapi cābhavat ॥BORI: 1-001-83॥

From that time onward, he was honored in this world above all bowmen and became as difficult to look upon as the sun, even in battle. (BORI: 1-001-83)

[PV-PAN:01_001_124] (Bharata-Ext)

sa sarvānpārthivāñjitvā sarvāṁśca mahatō gaṇān।ājahārārjunō rājñē rājasūyaṁ mahākratum ॥BORI: 1-001-84॥

Having conquered all the kings and all the great confederacies, Arjuna secured for the king the great Rājasūya sacrifice. (BORI: 1-001-84)

[PV-PAN:01_001_125] (Bharata-Ext)

annavāndakṣiṇāvāṁśca sarvaiḥ samuditō guṇaiḥ।yudhiṣṭhirēṇa samprāptō rājasūyō mahākratuḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-85॥

Yudhishthira accomplished the great Rajasuya sacrifice, abundant in food and sacrificial gifts and endowed with every excellence. (BORI: 1-001-85)

[PV-PAN:01_001_126] (Bharata-Ext)

sunayādvāsudēvasya bhīmārjunabalēna ca।ghātayitvā jarāsandhaṁ caidyaṁ ca balagarvitam ॥BORI: 1-001-86॥

Through Vasudeva’s wise counsel and the strength of Bhima and Arjuna, after having Jarasandha and the strength-proud Caidya slain… (BORI: 1-001-86)

[PV-PAN:01_001_127] (Bharata-Ext)

duryōdhanamupāgacchannarhaṇāni tatastataḥ।maṇikāñcanaratnāni gōhastyaśvadhanāni ca ॥BORI: 1-001-87॥

Then offerings came to Duryodhana from every quarter: precious stones, gold, and jewels, as well as wealth in cattle, elephants, and horses; (BORI: 1-001-87)

[PV-PAN:01_001_128] (Bharata-Ext)

vicitrāṇi ca vāsāṁsi prāvārāvaraṇāni ca । kambalājinaratnāni rāṅkavāstaraṇāni ca ॥KUMB: 1-1-154; NILA: 01.001.133॥

and garments of various kinds, cloaks and coverings, costly blankets and hides, and coverlets made from the wool of the ranku deer. (KUMB: 1-1-154; NILA: 01.001.133)

[PV-PAN:01_001_129] (Bharata-Ext)

samr̥ddhāṁ tāṁ tathā dr̥ṣṭvā pāṇḍavānāṁ tadā śriyam।īrṣyāsamutthaḥ sumahāṁstasya manyurajāyata ॥BORI: 1-001-88॥

Seeing then the Pāṇḍavas’ abundant prosperity, a tremendous anger born of envy arose in him. (BORI: 1-001-88)

[PV-PAN:01_001_130] (Bharata-Ext)

vimānapratimāṁ cāpi mayēna sukr̥tāṁ sabhām।pāṇḍavānāmupahr̥tāṁ sa dr̥ṣṭvā paryatapyata ॥BORI: 1-001-89॥

He was tormented at the sight of the splendid assembly hall, resembling a celestial palace, which Maya had built and presented to the Pandavas. (BORI: 1-001-89)

[PV-PAN:01_001_131] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrāvahasitaścāsītpraskandanniva sambhramāt।pratyakṣaṁ vāsudēvasya bhīmēnānabhijātavat ॥BORI: 1-001-90॥

where, as he stumbled in confusion, Bhima had laughed at him like a man of low birth, in Vasudeva’s presence. (BORI: 1-001-90)

[PV-PAN:01_001_132] (Bharata-Ext)

sa bhōgānvividhānbhuñjanratnāni vividhāni ca। kathitō dhr̥tarāṣṭrasya vivarṇō hariṇaḥ kr̥śaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-91॥

Though enjoying many kinds of pleasures and various jewels, he was described to Dhritarashtra as wan, sallow, and emaciated. (BORI: 1-001-91)

[PV-PAN:01_001_133] (Bharata-Ext)

anvajānāttatō dyūtaṁ dhr̥tarāṣṭraḥ sutapriyaḥ। tacchrutvā vāsudēvasya kōpaḥ samabhavanmahān ॥BORI: 1-001-92॥

Then Dhritarashtra, devoted to his son, gave permission for the dice game. On hearing this, Vasudeva became exceedingly angry. (BORI: 1-001-92)

[PV-PAN:01_001_134] (Bharata-Ext)

nātiprītamanāḥ ca āsīt vivādāṁś ca anvamōdata। dyūtādīn nayān ghōrān pravr̥ddhāṁś ca api upaikṣata ॥BORI: 1-001-93॥

Though not greatly pleased, he condoned the disputes and ignored the dreadful practices beginning with gambling, even as they escalated. (BORI: 1-001-93)

[PV-PAN:01_001_135] (Bharata-Ext)

nirasya viduraṁ drōṇaṁ bhīṣmaṁ śāradvataṁ kr̥pam। vigrahē tumulē tasmin ahan kṣatraṁ parasparam ॥BORI: 1-001-94॥

Casting aside Vidura, Drona, Bhishma, and Kripa, son of Sharadvat, he destroyed the warrior class through mutual slaughter in that tumultuous conflict. (BORI: 1-001-94)

[PV-PAN:01_001_136] (Bharata-Ext)

jayatsu pāṇḍuputrēṣu śrutvā sumahadapriyam। duryōdhanamataṁ jñātvā karṇasya śakunēḥ tathā ॥BORI: 1-001-95॥

Hearing the deeply unwelcome news that the sons of Pandu were victorious, and learning the views of Duryodhana, Karna, and Shakuni as well... (BORI: 1-001-95)

[PV-PAN:01_001_137] (Bharata-Ext)

dhr̥tarāṣṭraḥ ciraṁ dhyātvā sañjayaṁ vākyam abravīt ॥BORI: 1-001-95॥

After pondering for a long time, Dhritarashtra said to Sanjaya: (BORI: 1-001-95)

[PV-PAN:01_001_138] (Bharata-Ext)

śr̥ṇu sañjaya mē sarvaṁ na mē’sūyitumarhasi। śrutavānasi mēdhāvī buddhimānprājñasaṁmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-96॥

Listen, Sanjaya, to all that I have to say, and do not find fault with me. You are learned, discerning, intelligent, and esteemed by the wise. (BORI: 1-001-96)

[PV-PAN:01_001_139] (Bharata-Ext)

na vigrahē mama matiḥ na ca prīyē kurukṣayē। na mē viśēṣaḥ putrēṣu svēṣu pāṇḍusutēṣu ca ॥BORI: 1-001-97॥

My mind is not set on conflict, nor do I delight in the destruction of the Kurus. I make no distinction between my own sons and the sons of Pandu. (BORI: 1-001-97)

[PV-PAN:01_001_140] (Bharata-Ext)

vr̥ddhaṁ māmabhyasūyanti putrā manyu-parāyaṇāḥ। ahaṁ tu acakṣuḥ kārpaṇyāt putra-prītyā sahāmi tat ॥BORI: 1-001-98॥

My wrathful sons resent me because I am old; but blind and weak-hearted, I endure it out of love for my sons. (BORI: 1-001-98)

[PV-PAN:01_001_141] (Bharata-Ext)

muhyantaṁ ca anumuhyāmi duryōdhanam acētanam ॥BORI: 1-001-98॥

And I share in the delusion of the witless Duryodhana as he goes astray. (BORI: 1-001-98)

[PV-PAN:01_001_142] (Bharata-Ext)

rājasūyē śriyaṁ dr̥ṣṭvā pāṇḍavasya mahaujasaḥ। tacca avahasanaṁ prāpya sabhārōhaṇadarśanē ॥BORI: 1-001-99॥

Having seen at the Rājasūya the splendor of the mighty Pāṇḍava and having been subjected to ridicule at the sight of his entrance into the assembly hall... (BORI: 1-001-99)

[PV-PAN:01_001_143] (Bharata-Ext)

amarṣitaḥ svayaṁ jētuṁ aśaktaḥ pāṇḍavān raṇē। nirutsāhaśca samprāptuṁ śriyam akṣatriyaḥ yathā ॥BORI: 1-001-100॥

Unable to bear it, yet powerless to defeat the Pandavas himself in battle and lacking the resolve to attain such prosperity, like one who was no Kshatriya… (BORI: 1-001-100)

[PV-PAN:01_001_144] (Bharata-Ext)

gāndhārarājasahitaḥ chadmadyūtam amantrayat ॥BORI: 1-001-100॥

Together with the king of Gandhara, he planned a deceitful dice game. (BORI: 1-001-100)

[PV-PAN:01_001_145] (Bharata-Ext)

tatra yadyat yathā jñātaṁ mayā sañjaya tat śr̥ṇu। śrutvā hi mama vākyāni buddhyā yuktāni tattvataḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-101॥

Sanjaya, listen to everything I have learned there, just as it happened. For when you have heard my words, grounded in reason and truth... (BORI: 1-001-101)

[PV-PAN:01_001_146] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ jñāsyasi māṁ sautē prajñā-cakṣuṣam iti uktam ॥BORI: 1-001-101॥

Then, O son of a Suta, you will know me to be what is called “one whose eye is wisdom.” (BORI: 1-001-101)

[PV-PAN:01_001_147] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam dhanuḥ āyamya citram; viddham lakṣyaṁ pātitam vai pr̥thivyām। kr̥ṣṇāṁ hr̥tāṁ paśyatāṁ sarvarājñām; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-102॥

When I heard that the bow had been drawn, the wondrous target pierced and brought down to the ground, and Krishna won before the eyes of all the kings, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-102)

[PV-PAX:01_001_148] (Bharata-Ext)

A shift in the language structure, giving the Likely KDV-Style a value of “Low,” indicates a later addition.

yadā aśrauṣam dvārakāyāṁ subhadrāṁ; prasahya ūḍhāṁ mādhavīm arjunēna। indraprasthaṁ vr̥ṣṇivīrau ca yātau; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-103॥

When I heard that Arjuna had forcibly carried off Subhadra, the Mādhava princess, in Dvaraka, and that the two Vrishni heroes had gone to Indraprastha, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-103)

[PV-PAX:01_001_149] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam dēvarājam pravr̥ṣṭam; śaraiḥ divyaiḥ vāritaṁ ca arjunēna। agnim tathā tarpitaṁ khāṇḍavē ca; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-104॥

When I heard that Arjuna had checked the lord of the gods, who was pouring down divine arrows, and had also satiated Agni in the Khandava forest, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-104)

[PV-PAX:01_001_150] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ jātuṣādvēśmanastā- nmuktānpārthānpañca kuntyā samētān । yuktaṁ caiṣāṁ viduraṁ svārthasiddhyai tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-174; NILA: 01.001.153॥

When I heard that the five sons of Pritha had escaped with Kunti from the house of lac, and that Vidura had allied himself with them to secure their interests, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-174; NILA: 01.001.153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_151] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ draupadīṁ raṅgamadhyē lakṣyaṁ bhittvā nirjitāmarjunēna । śūrānpañcālānpāṇḍavēyāṁśca yuktāṁ- stadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-175; NILA: 01.001.154॥

When I heard that Draupadi had been won by Arjuna in the midst of the arena after he pierced the target, and that the valiant Panchalas and the sons of Pandu were united, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-175; NILA: 01.001.154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_152] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ māgadhānāṁ variṣṭhaṁ jarāsandhaṁ kṣvamadhyē jvalantam । dōrbhyāṁ hataṁ bhīmasēnēna gatvā tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-176; NILA: 01.001.155॥

When I heard that Bhimasena had gone and slain with his bare arms Jarasandha, foremost of the Magadhas, who blazed upon the earth, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-176; NILA: 01.001.155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_153] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ digjayē pāṇḍuputrai- rvaśīkr̥tānbhūmipālānprasahya । mahākratuṁ rājasūyaṁ kr̥taṁ ca tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-177; NILA: 01.001.156॥

When I heard that the sons of Pandu had forcibly subdued the kings in their conquest of the quarters and performed the great royal sacrifice, the Rajasuya, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (KUMB: 1-1-177; NILA: 01.001.156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_154] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam hr̥ta-rājyam yudhiṣṭhiram; parājitam saubalēna akṣavatyām। anvāgataṁ bhrātr̥bhiḥ apramēyaiḥ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-105॥

When I heard that Yudhishthira had been deprived of his kingdom and defeated by Saubala at dice, and that his brothers of immeasurable prowess had followed him, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-105)

[PV-PAX:01_001_155] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam draupadīm aśru-kaṇṭhīm; sabhām nītām duḥkhitām ēka-vastrām। rajasvalām nāthavatīm anāthavat; tadā na aśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-106॥

When I heard that Draupadi, her voice choked with tears, distressed, wearing a single garment, and menstruating, had been brought into the assembly—though she had protectors, she was treated as if she had none—then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-106)

[PV-PAX:01_001_156] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ vāsasāṁ tatra rāśiṁ samākṣipatkitavō mandabuddhiḥ । duḥśāsanō gatavānnaivaṁ cāntaṁ tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-179; NILA: 01.001.158॥

When I heard that the witless rogue Duhshasana had pulled off a heap of garments there and still had not reached the end, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-179; NILA: 01.001.158)

[PV-PAX:01_001_157] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam vividhāḥ tāta cēṣṭāḥ; dharmātmanāṁ prasthitānāṁ vanāya। jyēṣṭha-prītyā kliśyatāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ; tadā na aśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-107॥

When I heard, dear one, of the many hardships endured by the righteous Pandavas as they set out for the forest and suffered out of love for their eldest brother, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-107)

[PV-PAX:01_001_158] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam snātakānāṁ sahasraiḥ; anvāgataṁ dharmarājaṁ vanastham। bhikṣā-bhujāṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ mahātmanām; tadā na aśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-108॥

When I heard that thousands of initiated students had followed King Yudhishthira into the forest—great-souled Brahmins who lived on alms—I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-108)

[PV-PAX:01_001_159] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ vanavāsēna pārthā- nsamāgatānmaharṣibhiḥ purāṇaiḥ । upāsyamānānsagaṇairjātasakhyāṁ- stadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjarya ॥॥KUMB: 1-1-184॥

When I heard that, during their forest exile, the sons of Pritha had associated with ancient great seers, were attended by those sages and their retinues, and had become their friends, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-184)

[PV-PAX:01_001_160] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam arjunaḥ dēva-dēvam; kirāta-rūpam tryambakam tōṣya yuddhē। avāpa tat pāśupataṁ mahāstraṁ; tadā na aśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-109॥

When I heard that Arjuna had pleased the three-eyed god of gods, who had assumed the form of a Kirāta, in battle and obtained from him the great Pāśupata weapon, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-109)

[PV-PAX:01_001_161] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā aśrauṣam tridivastham dhanañjayam; śakrāt sākṣāt divyamastraṁ yathāvat। adhīyānaṁ śaṁsitaṁ satyasandham; tadā na aśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-110॥

When I heard that Dhanañjaya, dwelling in heaven, was duly learning the renowned divine weapon directly from Śakra, true to his word, I no longer hoped for victory, Sañjaya. (BORI: 1-001-110)

[PV-PAX:01_001_162] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrōṣaṁ kālakēyāstatastē paulōmānō varadānācca dr̥ptāḥ । dēvairajēyā nirjitāścārjunēna tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-186; NILA: 01.001.164॥

When I heard that the Kalakeyas and Paulomas, emboldened by a boon and invincible to the gods, had been defeated by Arjuna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-186; NILA: 01.001.164)

[PV-PAX:01_001_163] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣamasurāṇāṁ vadhārthē kirīṭinaṁ yāntamamitrakarśanam । kr̥tārthaṁ cāpyāgataṁ śakralōkā- ttadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-187; NILA: 01.001.165॥

When I heard that the diademed hero, the scourge of his foes, had gone to slay the Asuras and had returned from Śakra’s realm after accomplishing his purpose, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (KUMB: 1-1-187; NILA: 01.001.165)

[PV-PAX:01_001_164] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ tīrthayātrāpravr̥ttaṁ pāṇḍōḥ sutaṁ sahitaṁ lōmaśēna । br̥hadaśvādakṣahr̥dayaṁ ca prāptaṁ tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥॥KUMB: 1-1-188॥

When I heard that Pandu’s son had set out on a pilgrimage accompanied by Lomasha, and that he had learned the science of dice from Brihadashva, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-188)

[PV-PAX:01_001_165] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vaiśravaṇēna sārdhaṁ; samāgataṁ bhīmamanyāṁśca pārthān। tasmin dēśē mānuṣāṇāmagamyē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-111॥

When I heard that Bhima and the other sons of Pritha had met Vaishravana in that land inaccessible to men, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-111)

[PV-PAX:01_001_166] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ ghōṣayātrāgatānāṁ; bandhaṁ gandharvaiḥ mōkṣaṇaṁ ca arjunēna। svēṣāṁ sutānāṁ karṇabuddhau ratānāṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-112॥

When I heard that my sons, who had gone on the cattle-inspection expedition and were devoted to Karna’s counsel, had been captured by the Gandharvas and then freed by Arjuna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-112)

[PV-PAX:01_001_167] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ yakṣarūpēṇa dharmaṁ; samāgataṁ dharmarājēna sūta। praśnānuktānvibruvantaṁ ca samyak; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-113॥

When I heard, O Suta, that Dharma, in the form of a Yaksha, had met Dharmaraja and that the questions put were answered correctly, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-113)

[PV-PAX:01_001_168] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ na vidurmāmakāstān pracchannarūpānvasataḥ pāṇḍavēyān । virāṭarāṣṭrē saha kr̥ṣṇayā ca tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-192; NILA: 01.001.169॥

When I heard that my men did not recognize the sons of Pandu as they lived in disguise in the kingdom of Virata together with Krishna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-192; NILA: 01.001.169)

[PV-PAX:01_001_169] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ kīcakānāṁ variṣṭhaṁ niṣūditaṁ bhrātr̥śatēna sārdham । draupadyarthē bhīmasēnēna saṅkhyē tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥॥KUMB: 1-1-193॥

When I heard that the foremost of the Kīcakas had been slain in battle by Bhīmasena, together with his hundred brothers, for Draupadī’s sake, then, Sañjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-193)

[PV-PAX:01_001_170] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ māmakānāṁ variṣṭhān; dhanañjayēnaikarathēna bhagnān। virāṭarāṣṭrē vasatā mahātmanā; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-114॥

When I heard that the foremost of my men had been routed by Dhananjaya, who, though living in the kingdom of Virata, had done so single-handedly from one chariot, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-114)

[PV-PAX:01_001_171] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ satkr̥tāṁ matsyarājñā; sutāṁ dattām uttarām arjunāya। tāṁ ca arjunaḥ pratyagr̥hṇāt sutārthē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-115॥

When I heard that the king of Matsya had honorably offered his daughter Uttarā to Arjuna, and that Arjuna had accepted her for his son, then, Sañjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-115)

[PV-PAX:01_001_172] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ nirjitasya adhanasya; pravrājitasya svajanāt pracyutasya। akṣauhiṇīḥ sapta yudhiṣṭhirasya; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-116॥

When I heard that Yudhishthira—defeated, penniless, driven into exile, and separated from his own people—had seven akshauhinis, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-116)

[PV-PAX:01_001_173] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ naranārāyaṇau tau; kr̥ṣṇārjunau vadataḥ nāradasya। ahaṁ draṣṭā brahmalōkē sadā iti; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-117॥

When I heard Narada say, “Those two, Krishna and Arjuna, are Nara and Narayana; I have always seen them in Brahma’s realm,” I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-117)

[PV-PAX:01_001_174] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ mādhavaṁ vāsudēvaṁ; sarvātmanā pāṇḍavārthē niviṣṭam। yasya imāṁ gāṁ vikramam ēkam āhu; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-118॥

When I heard that Mādhava Vāsudeva had devoted himself entirely to the Pandavas’ cause—he of whom they say that this earth is but a single stride—then I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-118)

[PV-PAX:01_001_175] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ lōkahitāya kr̥ṣṇaṁ śamārthinamupayātaṁ kurūṇām । śamaṁ kurvāṇamakr̥tārthaṁ ca yātaṁ tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥199 ॥KUMB: 1-1-199; NILA: 01.001.175॥

When I heard that Krishna, seeking peace for the welfare of the world, had come to the Kurus, but had departed without achieving his purpose despite his efforts to make peace, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-199; NILA: 01.001.175)

[PV-PAX:01_001_176] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇa-duryōdhanābhyāṁ; buddhiṁ kr̥tāṁ nigrahē kēśavasya। taṁ ca ātmānaṁ bahudhā darśayānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-119॥

When I heard that Karna and Duryodhana had resolved to seize Keshava, and that he had manifested himself in many forms, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-119)

[PV-PAX:01_001_177] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vāsudēvē prayātē; rathasya ēkām agrataḥ tiṣṭhamānām। ārtāṁ pr̥thāṁ sāntvitāṁ kēśavēna; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-120॥

When I heard that, as Vasudeva was departing, the distressed Pritha stood alone before his chariot and was consoled by Keshava, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-120)

[PV-PAX:01_001_178] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ mantriṇaṁ vāsudēvaṁ; tathā bhīṣmaṁ śāntanavaṁ ca tēṣām। bhāradvājaṁ ca ā’śiṣaḥ anubruvāṇaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-121॥

When I heard that Vasudeva was their counselor, as was Bhishma, Shantanu’s son, and that Bharadvaja’s son was uttering blessings, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-121)

[PV-PAX:01_001_179] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇa uvāca bhīṣmaṁ; na ahaṁ yōtsyē yudhyamānē tvayi iti। hitvā sēnām apacakrāma caiva; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-122॥

When I heard that Karna had said to Bhishma, “I will not fight while you are fighting,” and had withdrawn, abandoning the army, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-122)

[PV-PAX:01_001_180] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vāsudēva-arjunau tau; tathā dhanuḥ gāṇḍivam apramēyam। trīṇi ugravīryāṇi samāgatāni; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-123॥

When I heard that Vasudeva and Arjuna, together with the immeasurable bow Gandiva—three of formidable power—had come together, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-123)

[PV-PAX:01_001_181] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ kaśmalēna abhipannē; ratha-upasthē sīdamānē arjunē vai। kr̥ṣṇaṁ lōkān darśayānaṁ śarīrē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-124॥

When I heard that Arjuna, overcome by despair, was sinking down on the chariot seat, and that Krishna revealed the worlds within his body, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-124)

[PV-PAX:01_001_182] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ bhīṣmam amitrakarśanaṁ; nighnantam ājāvayutaṁ rathānām। naiṣāṁ kaścit vadhyatē dr̥śya-rūpaḥ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-125॥

When I heard that Bhishma, the scourge of his enemies, was destroying ten thousand chariots in battle, yet not one of them who could be seen was being slain, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-125)

[PV-PAX:01_001_183] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ cāpagēyēna saṅkhyē svayaṁ mr̥tyuṁ vihitaṁ dhārmikēṇa । taccākārṣuḥ pāṇḍavēyāḥ prahr̥ṣṭā- stadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-207; NILA: 01.001.183॥

When I heard that the righteous son of Ganga had himself ordained his death in battle, and that the delighted sons of Pandu had brought it about, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-207; NILA: 01.001.183)

[PV-PAX:01_001_184] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ bhīṣmam atyanta-śūraṁ; hataṁ pārthēna āhavēṣu apradhr̥ṣyam। śikhaṇḍinaṁ purataḥ sthāpayitvā; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-126॥

When I heard that the supremely valiant Bhishma, unassailable in battle, had been slain by Partha after placing Shikhandin before him, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-126)

[PV-PAX:01_001_185] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ śaratalpē śayānaṁ; vr̥ddhaṁ vīraṁ sāditaṁ citrapuṅkhaiḥ। bhīṣmaṁ kr̥tvā sōmakān alpaśēṣān; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-127॥

When I heard that the aged hero Bhishma, after leaving only a few of the Somakas alive, lay struck down by brightly feathered arrows upon a bed of arrows, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-127)

[PV-PAX:01_001_186] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ śāntanavē śayānē; pānīyārthē cōditēna arjunēna। bhūmiṁ bhittvā tarpitaṁ tatra bhīṣmaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-128॥

When I heard that, as Shantanu’s son lay there, Arjuna, bidden to fetch water, pierced the earth and there gave Bhishma drink, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-128)

[PV-PAX:01_001_187] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ śukra-sūryau ca yuktau; kauntēyānām anulōmau jayāya। nityaṁ ca asmān śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-129॥

When I heard that Venus and the Sun were conjoined, favoring the sons of Kunti in their quest for victory, and that beasts of prey were constantly howling at us, then I had no hope of victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-129)

[PV-PAX:01_001_188] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā drōṇaḥ vividhān astramārgān; vidarśayan samarē citrayōdhī। na pāṇḍavān śrēṣṭhatamān nihanti; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-130॥

When Droṇa, skilled in wondrous warfare, displayed many methods of using weapons in battle yet did not slay the foremost Pāṇḍavas, then, Sañjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-130)

[PV-PAX:01_001_189] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ ca asmadīyān mahārathān; vyavasthitān arjunasya antakāya। saṁśaptakān nihatān arjunēna; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-131॥

When I heard that our mighty chariot-warriors, who had arrayed themselves to bring about Arjuna’s end and had sworn to fight him to the death, were slain by Arjuna, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-131)

[PV-PAX:01_001_190] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vyūham abhēdyam anyaiḥ; bhāradvājēna ātta-śastrēṇa guptam। bhittvā saubhadraṁ vīram ēkaṁ praviṣṭaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-132॥

When I heard that the valiant son of Subhadra had broken through the battle formation, impenetrable to others and guarded by the armed son of Bharadvaja, and entered it alone, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-132)

[PV-PAX:01_001_191] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā abhimanyuṁ parivārya bālaṁ; sarvē hatvā hr̥ṣṭa-rūpā babhūvuḥ। mahārathāḥ pārtham aśaknuvanta; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-133॥

When all the great chariot-warriors, who were no match for Partha, surrounded and killed the boy Abhimanyu and became jubilant, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-133)

[PV-PAX:01_001_192] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ abhimanyuṁ nihatya; harṣāt mūḍhān krōśataḥ dhārtarāṣṭrān। krōdhaṁ muktaṁ saindhavē ca arjunēna; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-134॥

When I heard that, after killing Abhimanyu, the deluded sons of Dhritarashtra were shouting for joy, and that Arjuna had unleashed his wrath upon the Saindhava, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-134)

[PV-PAX:01_001_193] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ saindhava-arthē pratijñām; pratijñātām tadvadhāya arjunēna। satyām nistīrṇām śatru-madhyē ca tēna; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-135॥

When I heard that Arjuna had vowed to slay the king of Sindhu, and that he had fulfilled that vow in the midst of the enemy, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-135)

[PV-PAX:01_001_194] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ śrānta-hayē dhanañjayē; muktvā hayān pāyayitvā upavr̥ttān। punaḥ yuktvā vāsudēvaṁ prayātaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-136॥

When I heard that, after Dhananjaya’s horses had grown weary, Vasudeva unyoked and watered them, then yoked them again once they had recovered and set out, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-136)

[PV-PAX:01_001_195] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vāhanēṣu āśvasatsu; ratha-upasthē tiṣṭhatā gāṇḍivēna। sarvān yōdhān vāritān arjunēna; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-137॥

When I heard that, while the horses were recovering, Arjuna stood on the chariot platform with the Gandiva and held off all the warriors, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-137)

[PV-PAX:01_001_196] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ nāgabalaiḥ durutsahaṁ; drōṇa-ānīkaṁ yuyudhānaṁ pramathya। yātaṁ vārṣṇēyaṁ yatra tau kr̥ṣṇa-pārthau; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-138॥

When I heard that Yuyudhana, the Vrishni hero, had crushed Drona’s battle formation, formidable with its elephant forces, and gone to where Krishna and Partha were, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-138)

[PV-PAX:01_001_197] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇam āsādya muktaṁ; vadhāt bhīmaṁ kutsayitvā vacōbhiḥ। dhanuṣkōṭyā tudya karṇēna vīraṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-139॥

When I heard that Bhima, on encountering Karna, had been spared death after Karna taunted the hero with words and prodded him with the tip of his bow, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-139)

[PV-PAX:01_001_198] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā drōṇaḥ kr̥tavarmā kr̥paśca; karṇaḥ drauṇiḥ madrarājaśca śūraḥ। amarṣayan saindhavaṁ vadhyamānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-140॥

When Droṇa, Kṛtavarman, Kṛpa, Karṇa, Droṇa’s son, and the valiant king of Madra allowed the Sindhu king to be slain, then, Sañjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-140)

[PV-PAX:01_001_199] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ dēvarājēna dattāṁ; divyāṁ śaktiṁ vyaṁsitāṁ mādhavēna। ghaṭōtkacē rākṣasē ghōrarūpē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-141॥

When I heard that Madhava had caused the divine spear given by the king of the gods to be expended on the terrifying Rākṣasa Ghaṭotkaca, I no longer hoped for victory, Sañjaya. (BORI: 1-001-141)

[PV-PAX:01_001_200] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇa-ghaṭōtkacābhyām; yuddhē muktāṁ sūtaputrēṇa śaktim। yayā vadhyaḥ samarē savyasācī; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-142॥

When I heard that, in the battle between Karna and Ghatotkacha, the charioteer’s son had discharged the spear with which Savyasachi was to be slain in combat, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-142)

[PV-PAX:01_001_201] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ drōṇam ācāryam ēkaṁ; dhr̥ṣṭadyumnēna ati-kramya dharmam। ratha-upasthē prāyagataṁ viśastaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-143॥

When I heard that Dhrishtadyumna, transgressing dharma, had slain Drona the preceptor as he sat alone on the platform of his chariot, resolved upon death, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-143)

[PV-PAX:01_001_202] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ drauṇinā dvairathasthaṁ; mādrīputraṁ nakulaṁ lōkamadhyē। samaṁ yuddhē pāṇḍavaṁ yudhyamānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-144॥

When I heard that the Pandava Nakula, Madri’s son, was fighting on equal terms with Drona’s son in single combat before all the world, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-144)

[PV-PAX:01_001_203] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā drōṇē nihatē drōṇaputraḥ; nārāyaṇaṁ divyamastraṁ vikurvan। naiṣāṁ antaṁ gatavān pāṇḍavānāṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-145॥

When, after Drona had been slain, Drona’s son unleashed the divine Narayana weapon yet failed to make an end of the Pandavas, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-145)

[PV-PAX:01_001_204] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ bhīmasēnēna pītaṁ raktaṁ bhrāturyudhi duḥśāsanasya । nivāritaṁ nānyatamēna bhīmaṁ tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-228; NILA: 01.001.204॥

When I heard that Bhimasena had drunk his brother Duhshasana’s blood in battle, and that no one had restrained Bhima, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-228; NILA: 01.001.204)

[PV-PAX:01_001_205] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇam atyanta-śūraṁ; hataṁ pārthēna āhavēṣu apradhr̥ṣyam। tasmin bhrātr̥ṇāṁ vigrahē dēvaguhyē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-146॥

When I heard that the supremely valiant Karna, unassailable in battle, had been slain by Partha in that divinely ordained conflict between the brothers, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-146)

[PV-PAX:01_001_206] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ drōṇaputraṁ kr̥paṁ ca; duḥśāsanaṁ kr̥tavarmāṇam ugram। yudhiṣṭhiraṁ śūnyam adharṣayantam; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-147॥

When I heard that Drona’s son, Kripa, Duhshasana, and the fierce Kritavarman were attacking Yudhishthira while he was alone, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-147)

[PV-PAX:01_001_207] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ nihatam madrarājaṁ; raṇē śūraṁ dharmarājēna sūta। sadā saṅgrāmē spardhatē yaḥ sa kr̥ṣṇaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-148॥

When I heard that the valiant king of Madra, who always vied with Krishna in battle, had been slain in combat by the righteous king, O Suta, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-148)

[PV-PAX:01_001_208] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ kalaha-dyūta-mūlaṁ; māyā-balaṁ saubalaṁ pāṇḍavēna। hatam saṅgrāmē sahadēvēna pāpam; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-149॥

When I heard that the wicked son of Subala, whose strength lay in deceit and who was the root of the quarrel and the dice game, had been slain in battle by the Pandava Sahadeva, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-149)

[PV-PAX:01_001_209] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ śrāntam ēkaṁ śayānaṁ; hradam gatvā stambhayitvā tat ambhaḥ। duryōdhanaṁ virathaṁ bhagnadarpaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-150॥

When I heard that Duryodhana, exhausted, alone, without his chariot and with his pride broken, had gone to the lake, stilled its waters, and lay there, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-150)

[PV-PAX:01_001_210] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ pāṇḍavām̐s tiṣṭhamānān; gaṅgā-hradē vāsudēvēna sārdham। amarṣaṇaṁ dharṣayataḥ sutaṁ mē; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-151॥

When I heard that the Pandavas, standing with Vasudeva by the lake on the Ganges, were provoking my irascible son, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-151)

[PV-PAX:01_001_211] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ vividhān tāta mārgān; gadāyuddhē maṇḍalaṁ sañcarantam। mithyā hataṁ vāsudēvasya buddhyā; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-152॥

When I heard, dear Sanjaya, that while moving along various courses in a circle during the mace fight, he had been unfairly slain through Vasudeva’s stratagem, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-152)

[PV-PAX:01_001_212] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ drōṇaputrādibhiḥ taiḥ; hatān pāñcālān draupadēyān ca suptān। kr̥taṁ bībhatsama ayaśasyaṁ ca karma; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-153॥

When I heard that Drona’s son and the others had killed the Panchalas and the sons of Draupadi in their sleep, committing a hideous and infamous deed, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_213] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ bhīmasēnānuyātēna; aśvatthāmnā paramāstraṁ prayuktam। kruddhēna aiṣīkam avadhīd yēna garbhaṁ; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-154॥

When I heard that the enraged Ashvatthaman, pursued by Bhimasena, had launched the supreme reed missile with which he killed the fetus, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_214] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ brahmaśiraḥ arjunēna; muktaṁ svasti iti astram astrēṇa śāntam। aśvatthāmnā maṇi-ratnaṁ ca dattam; tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya sañjaya ॥BORI: 1-001-155॥

When I heard that Arjuna had released the Brahmashiras weapon, that the weapon had been quelled by a weapon with the words “May all be well,” and that Ashvatthaman had surrendered his precious jewel, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_215] (Bharata-Ext)

yadāśrauṣaṁ drōṇaputrēṇa garbhē; vairāṭyāyā vai pātyamānē mahāstrē। dvaipāyanaḥ kēśavaḥ drōṇaputraṁ; parasparēṇa abhiśāpaiḥ śaśāpa ॥BORI: 1-001-156॥

When I heard that, as Drona’s son was hurling the great weapon at the womb of Virata’s daughter, Dvaipayana and Keshava each cursed Drona’s son in turn… (BORI: 1-001-156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_216] (Bharata-Ext)

yadā’śrauṣaṁ drōṇaputrēṇa garbhē vairāṭyā vai pātyamānē mahāstraiḥ । saṁjīvayāmīti harēḥ pratijñāṁ tadā nāśaṁsē vijayāya saṁjaya ॥KUMB: 1-1-239॥

When I heard Hari’s promise, “I will restore to life the child in Virata’s daughter’s womb that Drona’s son is destroying with his mighty weapons,” I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-239)

[PV-PAX:01_001_217] (Bharata-Ext)

dvaipāyanaḥ kēśavō drōṇaputraṁ paraspēraṇābhiśāpaiḥ śaśāpa । buddhvā cāhaṁ buddhihīnō’dya sūta saṁtapyē vai putrapautraiśca hīnaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-240॥

Dvaipayana and Keshava each cursed Drona’s son. Knowing this, O Suta, I am distraught today and grieve, bereft of my sons and grandsons. (KUMB: 1-1-240)

[PV-PAX:01_001_218] (Bharata-Ext)

śōcyāḥ gāndhārī putrapautraiḥ vihīnā; tathā vadhvaḥ pitr̥bhiḥ bhrātr̥bhiḥ ca। kr̥taṁ kāryaṁ duṣkaraṁ pāṇḍavēyaiḥ; prāptaṁ rājyaṁ asapatnaṁ punaḥ taiḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-157॥

Gandhari is to be pitied, bereft of her sons and grandsons, as are the widows, bereft of their fathers and brothers. The sons of Pandu have accomplished a difficult task, and they have regained a kingdom free of rivals. (BORI: 1-001-157)

[PV-PAN:01_001_219] (Bharata-Ext)

kaṣṭaṁ yuddhē daśa śēṣāḥ śrutāḥ mē; trayaḥ asmākaṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca sapta। dvi-ūnā viṁśatiḥ āhata-akṣauhiṇīnāṁ; tasmin saṁgrāmē vigrahē kṣatriyāṇām ॥BORI: 1-001-158॥

Alas, I have heard that only ten survived the battle—three on our side and seven on the Pandavas’—while eighteen armies were struck down in that conflict among the Kshatriyas. (BORI: 1-001-158)

[PV-PAN:01_001_220] (Bharata-Ext)

tamasā tu abhyavastīrṇō; mōhaḥ āviśatīva mām। sañjñāṁ na upalabhē sūta; manaḥ vihvalatīva mē ॥BORI: 1-001-159॥

I am engulfed in darkness, and bewilderment seems to overcome me. I cannot regain my senses, Suta; my mind seems to reel. (BORI: 1-001-159)

[PV-PAN:01_001_221] (Bharata-Ext)

iti uktvā dhr̥tarāṣṭraḥ atha; vilapya bahu-duḥkhitaḥ। mūrcchitaḥ punaḥ āśvastaḥ; sañjayaṁ vākyam abravīt ॥BORI: 1-001-160॥

Having spoken thus, Dhritarashtra lamented in deep distress and fainted. When he had recovered, he said to Sanjaya: (BORI: 1-001-160)

[PV-PAN:01_001_222] (Bharata-Ext)

sañjaya ēvam gatē prāṇān tyaktum icchāmi mā ciram। stōkam hi api na paśyāmi phalam jīvita-dhāraṇē ॥BORI: 1-001-161॥

Sanjaya, now that matters have come to this, I wish to give up my life without delay, for I see not even the slightest benefit in continuing to live. (BORI: 1-001-161)

[PV-PAN:01_001_223] (Bharata-Ext)

taṁ tathā vādinaṁ dīnaṁ vilapantaṁ mahīpatim । niḥśvasantaṁ yathā nāgaṁ muhyamānaṁ punaḥ punaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-246; NILA: 01.001.221॥

The wretched king, speaking thus and lamenting, sighing like a serpent and repeatedly losing consciousness… (KUMB: 1-1-246; NILA: 01.001.221)

[PV-PAN:01_001_224] (Bharata-Ext)

taṁ tathā vādinaṁ dīnaṁ vilapantaṁ mahīpatim। gāvalgaṇiḥ idaṁ dhīmān mahārthaṁ vākyam abravīt ॥BORI: 1-001-162॥

To the despondent king, who was speaking and lamenting in this way, the wise son of Gavalgana spoke these profoundly significant words: (BORI: 1-001-162)

[PV-PAN:01_001_225] (Bharata-Ext)

tava putrāḥ durātmānaḥ prataptāḥ ca ēva manyunā। lubdhāḥ durvr̥tta-bhūyiṣṭhāḥ na tān śōcitum arhasi ॥BORI: 1-001-183॥

Your sons were wicked, inflamed by anger, greedy, and overwhelmingly prone to misconduct. You should not grieve for them. (BORI: 1-001-183)

[PV-PAN:01_001_246] (Bharata-Ext)

śrutavān asi mēdhāvī buddhimān prājña-sammataḥ। yēṣāṁ śāstra-anugā buddhiḥ na tē muhyanti bhārata ॥BORI: 1-001-184॥

You are learned, discerning, intelligent, and esteemed by the wise. Those whose understanding follows the teachings do not fall into delusion, descendant of Bharata. (BORI: 1-001-184)

[PV-PAN:01_001_247] (Bharata-Ext)

nigraha-anugrahau ca api viditau tē narādhipa। na atyantam ēva anuvr̥ttiḥ śrūyatē putra-rakṣaṇē ॥BORI: 1-001-185॥

You also understand restraint and favor, O king. It is said that one should not go to extremes in protecting one’s sons. (BORI: 1-001-185)

[PV-PAN:01_001_248] (Bharata-Ext)

bhavitavyaṁ tathā tat ca; na ataḥ śōcitum arhasi। daivaṁ prajñā-viśēṣēṇa; kaḥ nivartitum arhati ॥BORI: 1-001-186॥

It was destined to be so; therefore you should not grieve. Who can avert fate through superior wisdom? (BORI: 1-001-186)

[PV-PAN:01_001_249] (Bharata-Ext)

vidhātr̥-vihitaṁ mārgaṁ; na kaścit ati vartatē। kāla-mūlam idaṁ sarvaṁ; bhāva-abhāvau sukha-asukhē ॥BORI: 1-001-187॥

No one can overstep the path ordained by the Creator. All this is rooted in time—existence and nonexistence, happiness and unhappiness. (BORI: 1-001-187)

[PV-PAN:01_001_250] (Bharata-Ext)

kālaḥ pacati bhūtāni; kālaḥ saṁharati prajāḥ। nirdahantaṁ prajāḥ kālaṁ; kālaḥ śamayatē punaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-188॥

Time ripens all beings; time destroys all creatures. And time in turn extinguishes time as it burns up creatures. (BORI: 1-001-188)

[PV-PAN:01_001_251] (Bharata-Ext)

kālaḥ vikurutē bhāvān; sarvān lōkē śubha-aśubhān। kālaḥ saṅkṣipatē sarvāḥ; prajāḥ visr̥jatē punaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-189॥

Time transforms all conditions in the world, both good and bad. Time gathers up all creatures and sends them forth again. (BORI: 1-001-189)

[PV-PAN:01_001_252] (Bharata-Ext)

kālaḥ suptēṣu jāgarti kālō hi duratikramaḥ । kālaḥ sarvēṣu bhūtēṣu caratyavidhataḥ samaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-275; NILA: 01.001.250॥

Time keeps watch while others sleep, for Time is difficult to overcome. Time moves impartially among all beings, unhindered. (KUMB: 1-1-275; NILA: 01.001.250)

[PV-PAN:01_001_253] (Bharata-Ext)

kālaḥ sarvēṣu bhūtēṣu; carati avidhr̥taḥ samaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-189॥

Time moves equally among all beings, unchecked. (BORI: 1-001-189)

[PV-PAN:01_001_254] (Bharata-Ext)

sūta uvāca॥

The Suta said:

[PV-PAN:01_001_256] (Bharata-Ext)

ityēvaṁ putraśōkārtaṁ dhr̥tarāṣṭraṁ janēśvaram । āśvāsya svasthamakarōtsūtō gāvalgaṇistadā ॥KUMB: 1-1-277; NILA: 01.001.252॥

Having thus consoled King Dhritarashtra, who was tormented by grief for his sons, the Suta, son of Gavalgana, restored him to composure. (KUMB: 1-1-277; NILA: 01.001.252)

[PV-PAN:01_001_257] (Bharata-Ext)

dhr̥tarāṣṭrō’pi tacchrutvā dhr̥timēva samāśrayat । diṣṭyēdamāgatamiti mattvā sa prājñasattamaḥ ॥KUMB: 1-1-278॥

Having heard this, Dhritarashtra too took refuge in fortitude, thinking, “By fate this has come to pass”—that wisest of men. (KUMB: 1-1-278)

[PV-PAN:01_001_258] (Bharata-Ext)

tapaḥ na kalkaḥ adhyayanaṁ na kalkaḥ। svābhāvikaḥ vēdavidhiḥ na kalkaḥ। prasahya vitta-āharaṇaṁ na kalkaḥ; tāni ēva bhāva-upahatāni kalkaḥ ॥BORI: 1-001-210॥

Asceticism is not sinful; study is not sinful; the natural ordinance of the Veda is not sinful; forcibly seizing wealth is not sinful. But those very things are sinful when corrupted by one’s motives. (BORI: 1-001-210)

[PV-PAN:01_001_280] (Bharata-Ext)

asya prajñābhipannasya vicitrapadaparvaṇaḥ । bhāratasyētihāsasya śrūyatāṁ parvasaṅgrahaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-33॥

Hear the summary of the books of this history of the Bharatas, which is endowed with wisdom and has varied words and sections. (BORI: 1-002-33)

[PV-PAX:01_001_361] (Bharata-Ext)

parvānukramaṇī pūrvaṁ dvitīyaṁ parvasaṅgrahaḥ । pauṣyaṁ paulōmamāstīkamādivaṁśāvatāraṇam ॥BORI: 1-002-34॥

First comes Parvanukramani, and second Parvasangraha; then Paushya, Pauloma, Astika, and Adivamshavatarana. (BORI: 1-002-34)

[PV-PAX:01_001_362] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ sambhavaparvōktamadbhutaṁ dēvanirmitam । dāhō jatugr̥hasyātra haiḍimbaṁ parva cōcyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-35॥

Then the wondrous, divinely fashioned Sambhava Parvan is recounted. Here too are related the burning of the house of lac and the Haidimba Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-35)

[PV-PAX:01_001_363] (Bharata-Ext)

tatō bakavadhaḥ parva parva caitrarathaṁ tataḥ । tataḥ svayaṁvaraṁ dēvyāḥ pāñcālyāḥ parva cōcyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-36॥

Then comes the section on the slaying of Baka, followed by the Caitraratha section; then comes the section on the svayaṃvara of the Pāñcāla princess. (BORI: 1-002-36)

[PV-PAX:01_001_364] (Bharata-Ext)

kṣatradharmēṇa nirjitya tatō vaivāhikaṁ smr̥tam । vidurāgamanaṁ parva rājyalambhastathaiva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-37॥

After she had been won in accordance with the warrior code, the Marriage section is recorded, followed by the section on Vidura’s Arrival and likewise the Acquisition of the Kingdom. (BORI: 1-002-37)

[PV-PAX:01_001_365] (Bharata-Ext)

arjunasya vanē vāsaḥ subhadrāharaṇaṁ tataḥ । subhadrāharaṇādūrdhvaṁ jñēyaṁ haraṇahārikam ॥BORI: 1-002-38॥

Arjuna’s sojourn in the forest, followed by the Abduction of Subhadra; after the Abduction of Subhadra is the section known as Haranaharika. (BORI: 1-002-38)

[PV-PAX:01_001_366] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ khāṇḍavadāhākhyaṁ tatraiva mayadarśanam । sabhāparva tataḥ prōktaṁ mantraparva tataḥ param ॥BORI: 1-002-39॥

Then comes the section called the Burning of the Khandava Forest, in which Maya is encountered. Next is the Book of the Assembly Hall, followed by the Book of Counsel. (BORI: 1-002-39)

[PV-PAX:01_001_367] (Bharata-Ext)

jarāsandhavadhaḥ parva parva digvijayastathā । parva digvijayādūrdhvaṁ rājasūyikamucyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-40॥

Then comes the section on the slaying of Jarāsandha, followed by the section on the conquest of the quarters. After the conquest of the quarters comes the section on the royal consecration. (BORI: 1-002-40)

[PV-PAX:01_001_368] (Bharata-Ext)

tataścārghābhiharaṇaṁ śiśupālavadhastataḥ । dyūtaparva tataḥ prōktamanudyūtamataḥ param ॥BORI: 1-002-41॥

Then comes the Offering of the Arghya, followed by the Slaying of Shishupala. Next is the Book of the Dice Game, and after that comes the Second Dice Game. (BORI: 1-002-41)

[PV-PAX:01_001_369] (Bharata-Ext)

tata āraṇyakaṁ parva kirmīravadha ēva ca । īśvarārjunayōryuddhaṁ parva kairātasañjñitam ॥BORI: 1-002-42॥

Then come the Āraṇyaka Parva and the slaying of Kirmīra, and the battle between Īśvara and Arjuna in the Parva known as Kairāta. (BORI: 1-002-42)

[PV-PAX:01_001_370] (Bharata-Ext)

indralōkābhigamanaṁ parva jñēyamataḥ param । tīrthayātrā tataḥ parva kururājasya dhīmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-43॥

Next comes the Book of the Journey to Indra’s Realm, followed by the Book of the wise Kuru king’s Pilgrimage to the Sacred Fords. (BORI: 1-002-43)

[PV-PAX:01_001_371] (Bharata-Ext)

jaṭāsuravadhaḥ parva yakṣayuddhamataḥ param । tathaivājagaraṁ parva vijñēyaṁ tadanantaram ॥BORI: 1-002-44॥

Next comes the section on the slaying of Jatasura, followed by the battle with the Yakshas. Immediately after that comes the section of the great serpent. (BORI: 1-002-44)

[PV-PAX:01_001_372] (Bharata-Ext)

mārkaṇḍēyasamasyā ca parvōktaṁ tadanantaram । saṁvādaśca tataḥ parva draupadīsatyabhāmayōḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-45॥

After that comes the parvan concerning the meeting with Markandeya, followed by the parvan on the dialogue between Draupadi and Satyabhama. (BORI: 1-002-45)

[PV-PAX:01_001_373] (Bharata-Ext)

ghōṣayātrā tataḥ parva mr̥gasvapnabhayaṁ tataḥ । vrīhidrauṇikamākhyānaṁ tatō’nantaramucyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-46॥

Next comes the Ghoṣayātrā section, then the Terror of the Deer’s Dream; immediately afterward, the tale of the Measure of Rice is related. (BORI: 1-002-46)

[PV-PAX:01_001_374] (Bharata-Ext)

draupadīharaṇaṁ parva saindhavēna vanāttataḥ । kuṇḍalāharaṇaṁ parva tataḥ paramihōcyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-47॥

Then comes the section on Draupadi’s abduction from the forest by the king of Sindhu, followed by the section on the taking of the earrings. (BORI: 1-002-47)

[PV-PAX:01_001_375] (Bharata-Ext)

āraṇēyaṁ tataḥ parva vairāṭaṁ tadanantaram । kīcakānāṁ vadhaḥ parva parva gōgrahaṇaṁ tataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-48॥

Then comes the Āraṇeya Parva, followed by the Vairāṭa Parva, the section on the slaying of the Kīcakas, and then the section on the seizure of the cattle. (BORI: 1-002-48)

[PV-PAX:01_001_376] (Bharata-Ext)

abhimanyunā ca vairāṭyāḥ parva vaivāhikaṁ smr̥tam । udyōgaparva vijñēyamata ūrdhvaṁ mahādbhutam ॥BORI: 1-002-49॥

The marriage of Virata’s daughter to Abhimanyu is recorded as the Vaivahika Parvan. Thereafter comes the Udyoga Parvan, which should be known as exceedingly wondrous. (BORI: 1-002-49)

[PV-PAX:01_001_377] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ sañjayayānākhyaṁ parva jñēyamataḥ param । prajāgaraṁ tataḥ parva dhr̥tarāṣṭrasya cintayā ॥BORI: 1-002-50॥

Next comes the section called Sanjaya’s Mission, followed by the section called the Vigil, arising from Dhritarashtra’s anxiety. (BORI: 1-002-50)

[PV-PAX:01_001_378] (Bharata-Ext)

parva sānatsujātaṁ ca guhyamadhyātmadarśanam । yānasandhistataḥ parva bhagavadyānamēva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-51॥

Then comes the Sanatsujata section, the secret teaching on the Self; thereafter, the Yanasandhi section and the Bhagavadyana. (BORI: 1-002-51)

[PV-PAX:01_001_379] (Bharata-Ext)

jñēyaṁ vivādaparvātra karṇasyāpi mahātmanaḥ । niryāṇaṁ parva ca tataḥ kurupāṇḍavasēnayōḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-52॥

Here comes the Vivāda Parvan concerning the great-souled Karna, followed by the Niryāṇa Parvan, on the departure of the Kuru and Pandava armies. (BORI: 1-002-52)

[PV-PAX:01_001_380] (Bharata-Ext)

rathātirathasaṅkhyā ca parvōktaṁ tadanantaram । ulūkadūtāgamanaṁ parvāmarṣavivardhanam ॥BORI: 1-002-53॥

Next comes the section on the enumeration of chariot warriors and great chariot warriors, followed by the section on the arrival of Uluka as envoy, which heightened resentment. (BORI: 1-002-53)

[PV-PAX:01_001_381] (Bharata-Ext)

ambōpākhyānamapi ca parva jñēyamataḥ param । bhīṣmābhiṣēcanaṁ parva jñēyamadbhutakāraṇam ॥BORI: 1-002-54॥

After that comes the section containing the tale of Amba, followed by the section of Bhishma’s consecration, which had an extraordinary cause. (BORI: 1-002-54)

[PV-PAX:01_001_382] (Bharata-Ext)

jambūkhaṇḍavinirmāṇaṁ parvōktaṁ tadanantaram । bhūmiparva tatō jñēyaṁ dvīpavistarakīrtanam ॥BORI: 1-002-55॥

Next comes the section describing the formation of Jambūkhanda. Then comes the Bhūmi section, which recounts the extent of the continents. (BORI: 1-002-55)

[PV-PAX:01_001_383] (Bharata-Ext)

parvōktaṁ bhagavadgītā parva bhīṣmavadhastataḥ । drōṇābhiṣēkaḥ parvōktaṁ saṁśaptakavadhastataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-56॥

The Bhagavad Gita is recounted in a section, followed by the section on Bhishma’s death; Drona’s consecration is recounted in a section, followed by the death of the Samsaptakas. (BORI: 1-002-56)

[PV-PAX:01_001_384] (Bharata-Ext)

abhimanyuvadhaḥ parva pratijñāparva cōcyatē । jayadrathavadhaḥ parva ghaṭōtkacavadhastataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-57॥

The Abhimanyu-vadha Parva and the Pratijna Parva are then named, followed by the Jayadratha-vadha Parva and the Ghatotkaca-vadha Parva. (BORI: 1-002-57)

[PV-PAX:01_001_385] (Bharata-Ext)

tatō drōṇavadhaḥ parva vijñēyaṁ lōmaharṣaṇam । mōkṣō nārāyaṇāstrasya parvānantaramucyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-58॥

Then comes the terrifying Book of the Slaying of Drona; the following book is called the Deliverance from the Narayana Weapon. (BORI: 1-002-58)

[PV-PAX:01_001_386] (Bharata-Ext)

karṇaparva tatō jñēyaṁ śalyaparva tataḥ param । hradapravēśanaṁ parva gadāyuddhamataḥ param ॥BORI: 1-002-59॥

Next comes the Book of Karna, followed by the Book of Shalya. Then comes the Book of the Entry into the Lake, followed by the Mace Combat. (BORI: 1-002-59)

[PV-PAX:01_001_387] (Bharata-Ext)

sārasvataṁ tataḥ parva tīrthavaṁśaguṇānvitam । ata ūrdhvaṁ tu bībhatsaṁ parva sauptikamucyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-60॥

Next comes the Sarasvata Parva, which recounts the lineages and virtues of the sacred fords. After that comes the horrifying Sauptika Parva. (BORI: 1-002-60)

[PV-PAX:01_001_388] (Bharata-Ext)

aiṣīkaṁ parva nirdiṣṭamata ūrdhvaṁ sudāruṇam । jalapradānikaṁ parva strīparva ca tataḥ param ॥BORI: 1-002-61॥

Next comes the exceedingly terrible Aiṣīka Parvan; after that come the Jalapradānika Parvan and the Strī Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-61)

[PV-PAX:01_001_389] (Bharata-Ext)

śrāddhaparva tatō jñēyaṁ kurūṇāmaurdhvadēhikam । ābhiṣēcanikaṁ parva dharmarājasya dhīmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-62॥

Next comes the section on the ancestral rites, the funeral ceremonies of the Kurus, followed by the section on the coronation of the wise King Dharma. (BORI: 1-002-62)

[PV-PAX:01_001_390] (Bharata-Ext)

cārvākanigrahaḥ parva rakṣasō brahmarūpiṇaḥ । pravibhāgō gr̥hāṇāṁ ca parvōktaṁ tadanantaram ॥BORI: 1-002-63॥

Next comes the section on the destruction of the Rakshasa Charvaka, who had assumed the form of a Brahmin, followed by the section on the division of the houses. (BORI: 1-002-63)

[PV-PAX:01_001_391] (Bharata-Ext)

śāntiparva tatō yatra rājadharmānukīrtanam । āpaddharmaśca parvōktaṁ mōkṣadharmastataḥ param ॥BORI: 1-002-64॥

Then comes the Book of Peace, in which the duties of kings are recounted; the duties in times of distress are also set forth there, followed by the duties pertaining to liberation. (BORI: 1-002-64)

[PV-PAX:01_001_392] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ parva parijñēyamānuśāsanikaṁ param । svargārōhaṇikaṁ parva tatō bhīṣmasya dhīmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-65॥

Then comes the excellent Anuśāsanika Parvan, followed by the Svargārohaṇika Parvan concerning the wise Bhīṣma. (BORI: 1-002-65)

[PV-PAX:01_001_393] (Bharata-Ext)

tatō’śvamēdhikaṁ parva sarvapāpapraṇāśanam । anugītā tataḥ parva jñēyamadhyātmavācakam ॥BORI: 1-002-66॥

Next comes the Aśvamedhika Parvan, which destroys all sins. Then comes the Anugītā Parvan, which treats of the self. (BORI: 1-002-66)

[PV-PAX:01_001_394] (Bharata-Ext)

parva cāśramavāsākhyaṁ putradarśanamēva ca । nāradāgamanaṁ parva tataḥ paramihōcyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-67॥

Then the book called Āśramavāsa, together with the Seeing of the Sons; after that, the excellent book called the Arrival of Nārada is recounted here. (BORI: 1-002-67)

[PV-PAX:01_001_395] (Bharata-Ext)

mausalaṁ parva ca tatō ghōraṁ samanuvarṇyatē । mahāprasthānikaṁ parva svargārōhaṇikaṁ tataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-68॥

Then the terrible Mausala Parva is recounted, followed by the Mahaprasthanika Parva and the Svargarohanika Parva. (BORI: 1-002-68)

[PV-PAX:01_001_396] (Bharata-Ext)

harivaṁśastataḥ parva purāṇaṁ khilasañjñitam । bhaviṣyatparva cāpyuktaṁ khilēṣvēvādbhutaṁ mahat ॥BORI: 1-002-69॥

Then comes the Harivamsha Parvan, a Purana known as a supplement; the great and wondrous Bhavishyat Parvan too is included among the supplements. (BORI: 1-002-69)

[PV-PAX:01_001_397] (Bharata-Ext)

ētatparvaśataṁ pūrṇaṁ vyāsēnōktaṁ mahātmanā । yathāvatsūtaputrēṇa lōmaharṣaṇinā punaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-70॥

This complete collection of one hundred books was set forth by the great-souled Vyasa and then faithfully repeated by Lomaharshana, the Suta’s son. (BORI: 1-002-70)

[PV-PAX:01_001_398] (Bharata-Ext)

kathitaṁ naimiṣāraṇyē parvāṇyaṣṭādaśaiva tu । samāsō bhāratasyāyaṁ tatrōktaḥ parvasaṅgrahaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-71॥

was recounted in the Naimisha Forest; yet there are precisely eighteen books. This is a summary of the Bharata, in which the catalogue of its books was set forth. (BORI: 1-002-71)

[PV-PAX:01_001_399] (Bharata-Ext)

pauṣyē parvaṇi māhātmyamuttaṅkasyōpavarṇitam । paulōmē bhr̥guvaṁśasya vistāraḥ parikīrtitaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-72॥

In the Pauṣya Parvan, the greatness of Uttaṅka is described; in the Pauloma, the lineage of Bhṛgu is recounted in detail. (BORI: 1-002-72)

[PV-PAX:01_001_400] (Bharata-Ext)

āstīkē sarvanāgānāṁ garuḍasya ca sambhavaḥ । kṣīrōdamathanaṁ caiva janmōcchaiḥśravasastathā ॥BORI: 1-002-73॥

In the Āstīka Parvan: the origin of all the serpents and of Garuḍa, the churning of the Ocean of Milk, and likewise the birth of Uccaiḥśravas… (BORI: 1-002-73)

[PV-PAX:01_001_401] (Bharata-Ext)

yajataḥ sarpasatrēṇa rājñaḥ pārikṣitasya ca । kathēyamabhinirvr̥ttā bhāratānāṁ mahātmanām ॥BORI: 1-002-74॥

While the king, the son of Parikshit, was performing the snake sacrifice, this tale of the great-souled Bharatas came into being. (BORI: 1-002-74)

[PV-PAX:01_001_402] (Bharata-Ext)

vividhāḥ sambhavā rājñāmuktāḥ sambhavaparvaṇi । anyēṣāṁ caiva viprāṇāmr̥ṣērdvaipāyanasya ca ॥BORI: 1-002-75॥

In the Sambhava Parva are related the various births of kings, of other Brahmins, and of the sage Dvaipayana. (BORI: 1-002-75)

[PV-PAX:01_001_403] (Bharata-Ext)

aṁśāvataraṇaṁ cātra dēvānāṁ parikīrtitam । daityānāṁ dānavānāṁ ca yakṣāṇāṁ ca mahaujasām ॥BORI: 1-002-76॥

Here too is recounted the partial incarnation of the gods, the Daityas, the Danavas, and the mighty Yakshas... (BORI: 1-002-76)

[PV-PAX:01_001_404] (Bharata-Ext)

nāgānāmatha sarpāṇāṁ gandharvāṇāṁ patatriṇām । anyēṣāṁ caiva bhūtānāṁ vividhānāṁ samudbhavaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-77॥

and the origins of the Nagas, serpents, Gandharvas, birds, and various other beings. (BORI: 1-002-77)

[PV-PAX:01_001_405] (Bharata-Ext)

vasūnāṁ punarutpattirbhāgīrathyāṁ mahātmanām । śantanōrvēśmani punastēṣāṁ cārōhaṇaṁ divi ॥BORI: 1-002-78॥

The rebirth of the great-souled Vasus through Bhagirathi, and their subsequent ascent from Shantanu’s house to heaven; (BORI: 1-002-78)

[PV-PAX:01_001_406] (Bharata-Ext)

tējōṁśānāṁ ca saṅghātādbhīṣmasyāpyatra sambhavaḥ । rājyānnivartanaṁ caiva brahmacaryavratē sthitiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-79॥

and here, Bhishma’s birth from the combined portions of their radiance, his renunciation of the kingdom, and his steadfast observance of the vow of celibacy; (BORI: 1-002-79)

[PV-PAX:01_001_407] (Bharata-Ext)

pratijñāpālanaṁ caiva rakṣā citrāṅgadasya ca । hatē citrāṅgadē caiva rakṣā bhrāturyavīyasaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-80॥

and the keeping of his vow; the protection of Citrāṅgada; and, after Citrāṅgada was slain, the protection of his younger brother; (BORI: 1-002-80)

[PV-PAX:01_001_408] (Bharata-Ext)

vicitravīryasya tathā rājyē sampratipādanam । dharmasya nr̥ṣu sambhūtiraṇīmāṇḍavyaśāpajā ॥BORI: 1-002-81॥

Vichitravirya’s installation in the kingdom, and Dharma’s birth among men as a result of Aṇī-Māṇḍavya’s curse; (BORI: 1-002-81)

[PV-PAX:01_001_409] (Bharata-Ext)

kr̥ṣṇadvaipāyanāccaiva prasūtirvaradānajā । dhr̥tarāṣṭrasya pāṇḍōśca pāṇḍavānāṁ ca sambhavaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-82॥

and his birth through Krishna Dvaipayana, resulting from the granting of a boon; and the births of Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and the Pandavas; (BORI: 1-002-82)

[PV-PAX:01_001_410] (Bharata-Ext)

vāraṇāvatayātrā ca mantrō duryōdhanasya ca । vidurasya ca vākyēna suruṅgōpakramakriyā ॥BORI: 1-002-83॥

the journey to Varanavata, Duryodhana’s plot, and, on Vidura’s advice, the undertaking of the tunnel’s construction; (BORI: 1-002-83)

[PV-PAX:01_001_411] (Bharata-Ext)

pāṇḍavānāṁ vanē ghōrē hiḍimbāyāśca darśanam । ghaṭōtkacasya cōtpattiratraiva parikīrtitā ॥BORI: 1-002-84॥

The Pandavas’ encounter with Hidimba in the dreadful forest and the birth of Ghatotkacha are also recounted here. (BORI: 1-002-84)

[PV-PAX:01_001_412] (Bharata-Ext)

ajñātacaryā pāṇḍūnāṁ vāsō brāhmaṇavēśmani । bakasya nidhanaṁ caiva nāgarāṇāṁ ca vismayaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-85॥

The Pandavas’ life in concealment, their stay in a Brahmin’s house, the slaying of Baka, and the townspeople’s amazement. (BORI: 1-002-85)

[PV-PAX:01_001_413] (Bharata-Ext)

aṅgāraparṇaṁ nirjitya gaṅgākūlē’rjunastadā । bhrātr̥bhiḥ sahitaḥ sarvaiḥ pāñcālānabhitō yayau ॥BORI: 1-002-86॥

After defeating Aṅgāraparṇa on the bank of the Ganges, Arjuna then set out for the land of the Pañcālas with all his brothers. (BORI: 1-002-86)

[PV-PAX:01_001_414] (Bharata-Ext)

tāpatyamatha vāsiṣṭhamaurvaṁ cākhyānamuttamam । pañcēndrāṇāmupākhyānamatraivādbhutamucyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-87॥

Then the excellent tales of Tapati, Vasishtha, and Aurva, and the wondrous episode of the five Indras, are told here. (BORI: 1-002-87)

[PV-PAX:01_001_415] (Bharata-Ext)

pañcānāmēkapatnītvē vimarśō drupadasya ca । draupadyā dēvavihitō vivāhaścāpyamānuṣaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-88॥

Drupada’s deliberation over the five brothers having a single wife, and Draupadi’s divinely ordained, supernatural marriage; (BORI: 1-002-88)

[PV-PAX:01_001_416] (Bharata-Ext)

vidurasya ca samprāptirdarśanaṁ kēśavasya ca । khāṇḍavaprasthavāsaśca tathā rājyārdhaśāsanam ॥BORI: 1-002-89॥

Vidura’s arrival, the meeting with Keshava, the dwelling at Khandavaprastha, and the rule over half the kingdom; (BORI: 1-002-89)

[PV-PAX:01_001_417] (Bharata-Ext)

nāradasyājñayā caiva draupadyāḥ samayakriyā । sundōpasundayōstatra upākhyānaṁ prakīrtitam ॥BORI: 1-002-90॥

The agreement concerning Draupadi, made at Narada’s command, and the tale of Sunda and Upasunda are recounted there. (BORI: 1-002-90)

[PV-PAX:01_001_418] (Bharata-Ext)

pārthasya vanavāsaśca ulūpyā pathi saṅgamaḥ । puṇyatīrthānusaṁyānaṁ babhruvāhanajanma ca ॥BORI: 1-002-91॥

Arjuna’s exile in the forest, his encounter with Ulupi on the way, his journey through the sacred fords, and the birth of Babhruvahana; (BORI: 1-002-91)

[PV-PAX:01_001_419] (Bharata-Ext)

dvārakāyāṁ subhadrā ca kāmayānēna kāminī । vāsudēvasyānumatē prāptā caiva kirīṭinā ॥BORI: 1-002-92॥

And in Dvaraka, Subhadra, a passionate woman, was won by the diademed one who desired her, with Vasudeva’s consent. (BORI: 1-002-92)

[PV-PAX:01_001_420] (Bharata-Ext)

haraṇaṁ gr̥hya samprāptē kr̥ṣṇē dēvakinandanē । samprāptiścakradhanuṣōḥ khāṇḍavasya ca dāhanam ॥BORI: 1-002-93॥

Krishna, Devaki’s son, arriving after accepting the abduction; the acquisition of the discus and the bow; and the burning of the Khandava Forest. (BORI: 1-002-93)

[PV-PAX:01_001_421] (Bharata-Ext)

abhimanyōḥ subhadrāyāṁ janma cōttamatējasaḥ । mayasya mōkṣō jvalanādbhujaṅgasya ca mōkṣaṇam । maharṣērmandapālasya śārṅgyaṁ tanayasambhavaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-94॥

the birth of the supremely radiant Abhimanyu to Subhadra; Maya’s escape from the fire and the serpent’s deliverance; and the birth of the great sage Mandapala’s sons to the female Śārṅga bird… (BORI: 1-002-94)

[PV-PAX:01_001_422] (Bharata-Ext)

ityētadādhiparvōktaṁ prathamaṁ bahuvistaram । adhyāyānāṁ śatē dvē tu saṅkhyātē paramarṣiṇā । aṣṭādaśaiva cādhyāyā vyāsēnōttamatējasā ॥BORI: 1-002-95॥

Thus the first and very extensive book, the Adi Parva, has been recounted. The supremely radiant great seer Vyasa counted two hundred and eighteen chapters. (BORI: 1-002-95)

[PV-PAX:01_001_423] (Bharata-Ext)

sapta ślōkasahasrāṇi tathā nava śatāni ca । ślōkāśca caturāśītirdr̥ṣṭō granthō mahātmanā ॥BORI: 1-002-96॥

The great-souled one found the work to contain seven thousand nine hundred and eighty-four verses. (BORI: 1-002-96)

[PV-PAX:01_001_424] (Bharata-Ext)

dvitīyaṁ tu sabhāparva bahuvr̥ttāntamucyatē । sabhākriyā pāṇḍavānāṁ kiṅkarāṇāṁ ca darśanam ॥BORI: 1-002-97॥

The second is called the Sabha Parva and contains many events: the construction of the Pandavas’ assembly hall and the appearance of the Kinkaras... (BORI: 1-002-97)

[PV-PAX:01_001_425] (Bharata-Ext)

lōkapālasabhākhyānaṁ nāradāddēvadarśanāt । rājasūyasya cārambhō jarāsandhavadhastathā ॥BORI: 1-002-98॥

Nārada’s account of the halls of the Guardians of the World, which he had seen among the gods; the undertaking of the Rājasūya and likewise the slaying of Jarāsandha; (BORI: 1-002-98)

[PV-PAX:01_001_426] (Bharata-Ext)

girivrajē niruddhānāṁ rājñāṁ kr̥ṣṇēna mōkṣaṇam । rājasūyē’rghasaṁvādē śiśupālavadhastathā ॥BORI: 1-002-99॥

Krishna’s release of the kings imprisoned at Girivraja, and the slaying of Shishupala during the dispute over the offering of honor at the Rajasuya sacrifice. (BORI: 1-002-99)

[PV-PAX:01_001_427] (Bharata-Ext)

yajñē vibhūtiṁ tāṁ dr̥ṣṭvā duḥkhāmarṣānvitasya ca । duryōdhanasyāvahāsō bhīmēna ca sabhātalē ॥BORI: 1-002-100॥

and Bhima’s ridicule, on the floor of the assembly hall, of Duryodhana, who was filled with grief and indignation upon seeing that magnificence at the sacrifice; (BORI: 1-002-100)

[PV-PAX:01_001_428] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrāsya manyurudbhūtō yēna dyūtamakārayat । yatra dharmasutaṁ dyūtē śakuniḥ kitavō’jayat ॥BORI: 1-002-101॥

where his anger arose, prompting him to arrange the dice game; where Śakuni the gambler defeated the son of Dharma at dice; (BORI: 1-002-101)

[PV-PAX:01_001_429] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra dyūtārṇavē magnāndraupadī naurivārṇavāt । tārayāmāsa tāṁstīrṇāñjñātvā duryōdhanō nr̥paḥ । punarēva tatō dyūtē samāhvayata pāṇḍavān ॥BORI: 1-002-102॥

There Draupadi rescued them when they were sinking in the ocean of gambling, like a boat bearing men out of the sea. Knowing that they had reached safety, King Duryodhana then challenged the Pandavas to another game of dice. (BORI: 1-002-102)

[PV-PAX:01_001_430] (Bharata-Ext)

ētatsarvaṁ sabhāparva samākhyātaṁ mahātmanā । adhyāyāḥ saptatirjñēyāstathā dvau cātra saṅkhyayā ॥BORI: 1-002-103॥

All this is related in the Sabha Parva by the great sage. It should be known to contain seventy-two chapters in all. (BORI: 1-002-103)

[PV-PAX:01_001_431] (Bharata-Ext)

ślōkānāṁ dvē sahasrē tu pañca ślōkaśatāni ca । ślōkāścaikādaśa jñēyāḥ parvaṇyasminprakīrtitāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-104॥

In this Parvan, the number of verses is said to be two thousand five hundred and eleven. (BORI: 1-002-104)

[PV-PAX:01_001_432] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ tr̥tīyaṁ tu jñēyamāraṇyakaṁ mahat । paurānugamanaṁ caiva dharmaputrasya dhīmataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-105॥

Next comes the third, the great Āraṇyaka, including the citizens’ following of the wise son of Dharma. (BORI: 1-002-105)

[PV-PAX:01_001_433] (Bharata-Ext)

vr̥ṣṇīnāmāgamō yatra pāñcālānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ । yatra saubhavadhākhyānaṁ kirmīravadha ēva ca । astrahētōrvivāsaśca pārthasyāmitatējasaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-106॥

where the Vrishnis and all the Panchalas arrived; where the destruction of Saubha and the slaying of Kirmira are recounted; and where the immensely powerful Partha went away to obtain weapons... (BORI: 1-002-106)

[PV-PAX:01_001_434] (Bharata-Ext)

mahādēvēna yuddhaṁ ca kirātavapuṣā saha । darśanaṁ lōkapālānāṁ svargārōhaṇamēva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-107॥

the battle with Mahadeva in the form of a Kirata, the vision of the guardians of the worlds, and the ascent to heaven; (BORI: 1-002-107)

[PV-PAX:01_001_435] (Bharata-Ext)

darśanaṁ br̥hadaśvasya maharṣērbhāvitātmanaḥ । yudhiṣṭhirasya cārtasya vyasanē paridēvanam ॥BORI: 1-002-108॥

The arrival of the great sage Brihadashva, whose spirit was disciplined, and the afflicted Yudhishthira’s lamentation in his misfortune... (BORI: 1-002-108)

[PV-PAX:01_001_436] (Bharata-Ext)

nalōpākhyānamatraiva dharmiṣṭhaṁ karuṇōdayam । damayantyāḥ sthitiryatra nalasya vyasanāgamē ॥BORI: 1-002-109॥

And here too, the deeply righteous and moving tale of Nala, in which Damayanti remained steadfast when misfortune befell Nala; (BORI: 1-002-109)

[PV-PAX:01_001_437] (Bharata-Ext)

vanavāsagatānāṁ ca pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām । svargē pravr̥ttirākhyātā lōmaśēnārjunasya vai ॥BORI: 1-002-110॥

Lomasha also told the great-souled Pandavas, then living in forest exile, of Arjuna’s activities in heaven. (BORI: 1-002-110)

[PV-PAX:01_001_438] (Bharata-Ext)

tīrthayātrā tathaivātra pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām । jaṭāsurasya tatraiva vadhaḥ samupavarṇyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-111॥

Here too are recounted the pilgrimage of the great-hearted Pandavas and the slaying of Jatasura. (BORI: 1-002-111)

[PV-PAX:01_001_439] (Bharata-Ext)

niyuktō bhīmasēnaśca draupadyā gandhamādanē । yatra mandārapuṣpārthaṁ nalinīṁ tāmadharṣayat ॥BORI: 1-002-112॥

Bhimasena was also charged by Draupadi on Gandhamadana, where he forced his way into that lotus pond in search of mandara blossoms. (BORI: 1-002-112)

[PV-PAX:01_001_440] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrāsya sumahadyuddhamabhavatsaha rākṣasaiḥ । yakṣaiścāpi mahāvīryairmaṇimatpramukhaistathā ॥BORI: 1-002-113॥

where he fought a tremendous battle with the Rakshasas and with the immensely powerful Yakshas, led by Manimat. (BORI: 1-002-113)

[PV-PAX:01_001_441] (Bharata-Ext)

āgastyamapi cākhyānaṁ yatra vātāpibhakṣaṇam । lōpāmudrābhigamanamapatyārthamr̥ṣērapi ॥BORI: 1-002-114॥

and also the tale of Agastya, including his eating of Vatapi and the sage’s union with Lopamudra for the sake of offspring; (BORI: 1-002-114)

[PV-PAX:01_001_442] (Bharata-Ext)

tataḥ śyēnakapōtīyamupākhyānamanantaram । indrō’gniryatra dharmaśca ajijñāsañśibiṁ nr̥pam ॥BORI: 1-002-115॥

Then, immediately afterward, the episode of the hawk and the dove, in which Indra, Agni, and Dharma sought to test King Shibi… (BORI: 1-002-115)

[PV-PAX:01_001_443] (Bharata-Ext)

r̥śyaśr̥ṅgasya caritaṁ kaumārabrahmacāriṇaḥ । jāmadagnyasya rāmasya caritaṁ bhūritējasaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-116॥

the story of Ṛśyaśṛṅga, who had been celibate from boyhood, and the story of the immensely powerful Jāmadagnya Rāma; (BORI: 1-002-116)

[PV-PAX:01_001_444] (Bharata-Ext)

kārtavīryavadhō yatra haihayānāṁ ca varṇyatē । saukanyamapi cākhyānaṁ cyavanō yatra bhārgavaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-117॥

where the slaying of Kārtavīrya and the Haihayas is related, as well as the tale of Sukanyā, in which Cyavana, the descendant of Bhṛgu... (BORI: 1-002-117)

[PV-PAX:01_001_445] (Bharata-Ext)

śaryātiyajñē nāsatyau kr̥tavānsōmapīthinau । tābhyāṁ ca yatra sa muniryauvanaṁ pratipāditaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-118॥

where, at Śaryāti’s sacrifice, Cyavana made the two Nāsatyas drinkers of Soma, and where that sage was restored to youth by them; (BORI: 1-002-118)

[PV-PAX:01_001_446] (Bharata-Ext)

jantūpākhyānamatraiva yatra putrēṇa sōmakaḥ । putrārthamayajadrājā lēbhē putraśataṁ ca saḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-119॥

Here too is told the story of Jantu, in which King Somaka sacrificed his son in order to have sons and obtained a hundred sons. (BORI: 1-002-119)

[PV-PAX:01_001_447] (Bharata-Ext)

aṣṭāvakrīyamatraiva vivādē yatra bandinam । vijitya sāgaraṁ prāptaṁ pitaraṁ labdhavānr̥ṣiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-120॥

Here too is the tale of Aṣṭāvakra, in which the sage defeated Bandin in debate and recovered his father, who had gone to the ocean. (BORI: 1-002-120)

[PV-PAX:01_001_448] (Bharata-Ext)

avāpya divyānyastrāṇi gurvarthē savyasācinā । nivātakavacairyuddhaṁ hiraṇyapuravāsibhiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-121॥

Having obtained divine weapons for his preceptor, Savyasachin’s battle with the Nivatakavachas, the inhabitants of Hiranyapura… (BORI: 1-002-121)

[PV-PAX:01_001_449] (Bharata-Ext)

samāgamaśca pārthasya bhrātr̥bhirgandhamādanē । ghōṣayātrā ca gandharvairyatra yuddhaṁ kirīṭinaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-122॥

Pārtha’s reunion with his brothers on Gandhamādana, and the expedition to the cattle station, during which the Diademed One fought the Gandharvas; (BORI: 1-002-122)

[PV-PAX:01_001_450] (Bharata-Ext)

punarāgamanaṁ caiva tēṣāṁ dvaitavanaṁ saraḥ । jayadrathēnāpahārō draupadyāścāśramāntarāt ॥BORI: 1-002-123॥

and their return once more to the lake in Dvaitavana, and Jayadratha’s abduction of Draupadi from the hermitage; (BORI: 1-002-123)

[PV-PAX:01_001_451] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrainamanvayādbhīmō vāyuvēgasamō javē । mārkaṇḍēyasamasyāyāmupākhyānāni bhāgaśaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-124॥

where Bhima, as swift as the wind, pursued him; and the various tales in the meeting with Markandeya... (BORI: 1-002-124)

[PV-PAX:01_001_452] (Bharata-Ext)

saṁdarśanaṁ ca kr̥ṣṇasya saṁvādaścaiva satyayā । vrīhidrauṇikamākhyānamaindradyumnaṁ tathaiva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-125॥

Krishna’s visit and the dialogue with Satya; the Tale of the Measure of Rice, and likewise the tale of Indradyumna; (BORI: 1-002-125)

[PV-PAX:01_001_453] (Bharata-Ext)

sāvitryauddālakīyaṁ ca vainyōpākhyānamēva ca । rāmāyaṇamupākhyānamatraiva bahuvistaram ॥BORI: 1-002-126॥

The tales of Sāvitrī and Uddālaka, the account of Vainya, and the extensive Rāmāyaṇa narrative are also found here. (BORI: 1-002-126)

[PV-PAX:01_001_454] (Bharata-Ext)

karṇasya parimōṣō’tra kuṇḍalābhyāṁ puraṁdarāt । āraṇēyamupākhyānaṁ yatra dharmō’nvaśātsutam । jagmurlabdhavarā yatra pāṇḍavāḥ paścimāṁ diśam ॥BORI: 1-002-127॥

Here are the stripping of Karna’s earrings from him by Purandara and the Āraṇeya episode, in which Dharma instructed his son and the Pandavas, having received boons, went westward. (BORI: 1-002-127)

[PV-PAX:01_001_455] (Bharata-Ext)

ētadāraṇyakaṁ parva tr̥tīyaṁ parikīrtitam । atrādhyāyaśatē dvē tu saṅkhyātē paramarṣiṇā । ēkōnasaptatiścaiva tathādhyāyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-128॥

This Forest Book is declared to be the third. The great seer has counted in it two hundred and sixty-nine chapters. (BORI: 1-002-128)

[PV-PAX:01_001_456] (Bharata-Ext)

ēkādaśa sahasrāṇi ślōkānāṁ ṣaṭśatāni ca । catuḥṣaṣṭistathā ślōkāḥ parvaitatparikīrtitam ॥BORI: 1-002-129॥

This book is said to contain eleven thousand six hundred and sixty-four verses. (BORI: 1-002-129)

[PV-PAX:01_001_457] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ nibōdhēdaṁ vairāṭaṁ parvavistaram । virāṭanagaraṁ gatvā śmaśānē vipulāṁ śamīm । dr̥ṣṭvā saṁnidadhustatra pāṇḍavā āyudhānyuta ॥BORI: 1-002-130॥

Now hear the detailed account of the Virata Parva. On reaching Virata’s city, the Pandavas saw a great shami tree in the cremation ground and placed their weapons there. (BORI: 1-002-130)

[PV-PAX:01_001_458] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra praviśya nagaraṁ chadmabhirnyavasanta tē । durātmanō vadhō yatra kīcakasya vr̥kōdarāt ॥BORI: 1-002-131॥

where they entered the city and lived in disguise, and where the evil-minded Kichaka was slain by Vrikodara. (BORI: 1-002-131)

[PV-PAX:01_001_459] (Bharata-Ext)

gōgrahē yatra pārthēna nirjitāḥ kuravō yudhi । gōdhanaṁ ca virāṭasya mōkṣitaṁ yatra pāṇḍavaiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-132॥

where, during the cattle raid, the Kauravas were defeated in battle by Pārtha, and Virāṭa’s cattle were rescued by the Pāṇḍavas; (BORI: 1-002-132)

[PV-PAX:01_001_460] (Bharata-Ext)

virāṭēnōttarā dattā snuṣā yatra kirīṭinaḥ । abhimanyuṁ samuddiśya saubhadramarighātinam ॥BORI: 1-002-133॥

where Virata gave Uttara, with Abhimanyu—the son of Subhadra and slayer of foes—in view, to become the daughter-in-law of the diademed Arjuna. (BORI: 1-002-133)

[PV-PAX:01_001_461] (Bharata-Ext)

caturthamētadvipulaṁ vairāṭaṁ parva varṇitam । atrāpi parisaṅkhyātamadhyāyānāṁ mahātmanā ॥BORI: 1-002-134॥

Thus has the extensive fourth book, the Virāṭa Book, been recounted. Here too, the great sage has enumerated the chapters... (BORI: 1-002-134)

[PV-PAX:01_001_462] (Bharata-Ext)

saptaṣaṣṭirathō pūrṇā ślōkāgramapi mē śr̥ṇu । ślōkānāṁ dvē sahasrē tu ślōkāḥ pañcāśadēva tu । parvaṇyasminsamākhyātāḥ saṅkhyayā paramarṣiṇā ॥BORI: 1-002-135॥

There are sixty-seven chapters in all. Now hear from me the total number of verses: in this Parvan, the supreme seer has enumerated exactly two thousand and fifty verses. (BORI: 1-002-135)

[PV-PAX:01_001_463] (Bharata-Ext)

udyōgaparva vijñēyaṁ pañcamaṁ śr̥ṇvataḥ param । upaplavyē niviṣṭēṣu pāṇḍavēṣu jigīṣayā । duryōdhanō’rjunaścaiva vāsudēvamupasthitau ॥BORI: 1-002-136॥

Next, the listener should know the fifth book as the Udyoga Parvan. When the Pandavas had encamped at Upaplavya, intent on victory, Duryodhana and Arjuna both approached Vasudeva. (BORI: 1-002-136)

[PV-PAX:01_001_464] (Bharata-Ext)

sāhāyyamasminsamarē bhavānnau kartumarhati । ityuktē vacanē kr̥ṣṇō yatrōvāca mahāmatiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-137॥

“You should aid both of us in this war.” When these words had been spoken, the wise Krishna replied: (BORI: 1-002-137)

[PV-PAX:01_001_465] (Bharata-Ext)

ayudhyamānamātmānaṁ mantriṇaṁ puruṣarṣabhau । akṣauhiṇīṁ vā sainyasya kasya vā kiṁ dadāmyaham ॥BORI: 1-002-138॥

O bulls among men, which shall I give to which of you: myself as a noncombatant adviser, or an akshauhini of troops? (BORI: 1-002-138)

[PV-PAX:01_001_466] (Bharata-Ext)

vavrē duryōdhanaḥ sainyaṁ mandātmā yatra durmatiḥ । ayudhyamānaṁ sacivaṁ vavrē kr̥ṣṇaṁ dhanañjayaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-139॥

The foolish, misguided Duryodhana chose the army, while Dhananjaya chose Krishna as his noncombatant adviser. (BORI: 1-002-139)

[PV-PAX:01_001_467] (Bharata-Ext)

sañjayaṁ prēṣayāmāsa śamārthaṁ pāṇḍavānprati । yatra dūtaṁ mahārājō dhr̥tarāṣṭraḥ pratāpavān ॥BORI: 1-002-140॥

where the valiant King Dhritarashtra sent Sanjaya as an envoy to the Pandavas to seek peace; (BORI: 1-002-140)

[PV-PAX:01_001_468] (Bharata-Ext)

śrutvā ca pāṇḍavānyatra vāsudēvapurōgamān । prajāgaraḥ samprajajñē dhr̥tarāṣṭrasya cintayā ॥BORI: 1-002-141॥

where, on hearing of the Pandavas led by Vasudeva, Dhritarashtra became sleepless with anxiety; (BORI: 1-002-141)

[PV-PAX:01_001_469] (Bharata-Ext)

vidurō yatra vākyāni vicitrāṇi hitāni ca । śrāvayāmāsa rājānaṁ dhr̥tarāṣṭraṁ manīṣiṇam ॥BORI: 1-002-142॥

where Vidura addressed wise King Dhritarashtra with words both varied and salutary, (BORI: 1-002-142)

[PV-PAX:01_001_470] (Bharata-Ext)

tathā sanatsujātēna yatrādhyātmamanuttamam । manastāpānvitō rājā śrāvitaḥ śōkalālasaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-143॥

and likewise where King Dhritarashtra, tormented in mind and overwhelmed with grief, was taught the supreme doctrine of the self by Sanatsujata; (BORI: 1-002-143)

[PV-PAX:01_001_471] (Bharata-Ext)

prabhātē rājasamitau sañjayō yatra cābhibhōḥ । aikātmyaṁ vāsudēvasya prōktavānarjunasya ca ॥BORI: 1-002-144॥

where, at dawn in the royal assembly, Sanjaya proclaimed the oneness of the two lords, Vasudeva and Arjuna; (BORI: 1-002-144)

[PV-PAX:01_001_472] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra kr̥ṣṇō dayāpannaḥ sandhimicchanmahāyaśāḥ । svayamāgācchamaṁ kartuṁ nagaraṁ nāgasāhvayam ॥BORI: 1-002-145॥

where the greatly renowned Krishna, moved by compassion and desiring peace, himself came to the city named after the elephants to make peace; (BORI: 1-002-145)

[PV-PAX:01_001_473] (Bharata-Ext)

pratyākhyānaṁ ca kr̥ṣṇasya rājñā duryōdhanēna vai । śamārthaṁ yācamānasya pakṣayōrubhayōrhitam ॥BORI: 1-002-146॥

and King Duryodhana’s rejection of Krishna as he pleaded for peace for the good of both sides; (BORI: 1-002-146)

[PV-PAX:01_001_474] (Bharata-Ext)

karṇaduryōdhanādīnāṁ duṣṭaṁ vijñāya mantritam । yōgēśvaratvaṁ kr̥ṣṇēna yatra rājasu darśitam ॥BORI: 1-002-147॥

where Krishna, learning of the wicked plot devised by Karna, Duryodhana, and the others, displayed his mastery of yoga before the kings; (BORI: 1-002-147)

[PV-PAX:01_001_475] (Bharata-Ext)

rathamārōpya kr̥ṣṇēna yatra karṇō’numantritaḥ । upāyapūrvaṁ śauṇḍīryātpratyākhyātaśca tēna saḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-148॥

where Krishna had Karna mount his chariot and made a diplomatic appeal to him, but Karna, out of proud resolve, refused him; (BORI: 1-002-148)

[PV-PAX:01_001_476] (Bharata-Ext)

tataścāpyabhiniryātrā rathāśvanaradantinām । nagarāddhāstinapurādbalasaṅkhyānamēva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-149॥

Then also the departure from the city of Hastinapura of the chariots, horses, men, and elephants, and the enumeration of the forces… (BORI: 1-002-149)

[PV-PAX:01_001_477] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra rājñā ulūkasya prēṣaṇaṁ pāṇḍavānprati । śvōbhāvini mahāyuddhē dūtyēna krūravādinā । rathātirathasaṅkhyānamambōpākhyānamēva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-150॥

in which the king sent the harsh-speaking envoy Uluka to the Pandavas on the eve of the great battle, along with the enumeration of chariot warriors and great chariot warriors and the tale of Amba. (BORI: 1-002-150)

[PV-PAX:01_001_478] (Bharata-Ext)

ētatsubahuvr̥ttāntaṁ pañcamaṁ parva bhāratē । udyōgaparva nirdiṣṭaṁ sandhivigrahasaṁśritam ॥BORI: 1-002-151॥

This fifth book of the Bharata, rich in many events and concerned with peace and war, is designated the Book of Effort. (BORI: 1-002-151)

[PV-PAX:01_001_479] (Bharata-Ext)

adhyāyāḥ saṅkhyayā tvatra ṣaḍaśītiśataṁ smr̥tam । ślōkānāṁ ṣaṭsahasrāṇi tāvantyēva śatāni ca ॥BORI: 1-002-152॥

The number of chapters here is said to be one hundred and eighty-six. There are six thousand verses and six hundred more... (BORI: 1-002-152)

[PV-PAX:01_001_480] (Bharata-Ext)

ślōkāśca navatiḥ prōktāstathaivāṣṭau mahātmanā । vyāsēnōdāramatinā parvaṇyasmiṁstapōdhanāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-153॥

And a further ninety-eight verses are said to have been composed in this Parvan by the great-souled, noble-minded Vyasa, O ascetics. (BORI: 1-002-153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_481] (Bharata-Ext)

ata ūrdhvaṁ vicitrārthaṁ bhīṣmaparva pracakṣatē । jambūkhaṇḍavinirmāṇaṁ yatrōktaṁ sañjayēna ha ॥BORI: 1-002-154॥

Next they recount the Bhishma Parva, rich in varied themes, in which Sanjaya describes the formation of the continent of Jambu. (BORI: 1-002-154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_482] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra yuddhamabhūdghōraṁ daśāhānyatidāruṇam । yatra yaudhiṣṭhiraṁ sainyaṁ viṣādamagamatparam ॥BORI: 1-002-155॥

where a dreadful and exceedingly fierce battle raged for ten days, and where Yudhishthira’s army fell into utter despair. (BORI: 1-002-155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_483] (Bharata-Ext)

kaśmalaṁ yatra pārthasya vāsudēvō mahāmatiḥ । mōhajaṁ nāśayāmāsa hētubhirmōkṣadarśanaiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-156॥

where the wise Vasudeva dispelled Partha’s delusion, born of bewilderment, with arguments revealing the path to liberation; (BORI: 1-002-156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_484] (Bharata-Ext)

śikhaṇḍinaṁ puraskr̥tya yatra pārthō mahādhanuḥ । vinighnanniśitairbāṇai rathādbhīṣmamapātayat ॥BORI: 1-002-157॥

where the mighty archer Partha, placing Shikhandin in the forefront, struck Bhishma with sharp arrows and brought him down from his chariot. (BORI: 1-002-157)

[PV-PAX:01_001_485] (Bharata-Ext)

ṣaṣṭhamētanmahāparva bhāratē parikīrtitam । adhyāyānāṁ śataṁ prōktaṁ saptadaśa tathāparē ॥BORI: 1-002-158॥

This is declared to be the sixth great book of the Bharata. Its chapters are said to number one hundred and seventeen. (BORI: 1-002-158)

[PV-PAX:01_001_486] (Bharata-Ext)

pañca ślōkasahasrāṇi saṅkhyayāṣṭau śatāni ca । ślōkāśca caturāśītiḥ parvaṇyasminprakīrtitāḥ । vyāsēna vēdaviduṣā saṅkhyātā bhīṣmaparvaṇi ॥BORI: 1-002-159॥

In this Parvan, the Veda-knowing Vyasa has reckoned 5,884 verses in the Bhishma Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-159)

[PV-PAX:01_001_487] (Bharata-Ext)

drōṇaparva tataścitraṁ bahuvr̥ttāntamucyatē । yatra saṁśaptakāḥ pārthamapaninyū raṇājirāt ॥BORI: 1-002-160॥

Then comes the Drona Parva, wondrous and rich in events, in which the Samsaptakas drew Partha away from the battlefield. (BORI: 1-002-160)

[PV-PAX:01_001_488] (Bharata-Ext)

bhagadattō mahārājō yatra śakrasamō yudhi । supratīkēna nāgēna saha śastaḥ kirīṭinā ॥BORI: 1-002-161॥

where King Bhagadatta, equal to Indra in battle, was slain by Kirīṭin together with his elephant Supratika; (BORI: 1-002-161)

[PV-PAX:01_001_489] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrābhimanyuṁ bahavō jaghnurlōkamahārathāḥ । jayadrathamukhā bālaṁ śūramaprāptayauvanam ॥BORI: 1-002-162॥

where many of the world’s great chariot-warriors, led by Jayadratha, killed the valiant boy Abhimanyu before he had reached manhood; (BORI: 1-002-162)

[PV-PAX:01_001_490] (Bharata-Ext)

hatē’bhimanyau kruddhēna yatra pārthēna saṁyugē । akṣauhiṇīḥ sapta hatvā hatō rājā jayadrathaḥ । saṁśaptakāvaśēṣaṁ ca kr̥taṁ niḥśēṣamāhavē ॥BORI: 1-002-163॥

where, after Abhimanyu was slain, the enraged Partha destroyed seven akshauhinis in battle and slew King Jayadratha, and the remaining Samsaptakas were utterly annihilated in the fight. (BORI: 1-002-163)

[PV-PAX:01_001_491] (Bharata-Ext)

alambusaḥ śrutāyuśca jalasandhaśca vīryavān । saumadattirvirāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ । ghaṭōtkacādayaścānyē nihatā drōṇaparvaṇi ॥BORI: 1-002-164॥

Alambusa, Shrutayus, valiant Jalasandha, Somadatta’s son, Virata, Drupada the great chariot-warrior, Ghatotkacha, and others were slain in the Drona Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-164)

[PV-PAX:01_001_492] (Bharata-Ext)

aśvatthāmāpi cātraiva drōṇē yudhi nipātitē । astraṁ prāduścakārōgraṁ nārāyaṇamamarṣitaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-165॥

Here too, when Drona had fallen in battle, the enraged Ashvatthaman unleashed the terrible Narayana weapon. (BORI: 1-002-165)

[PV-PAX:01_001_493] (Bharata-Ext)

saptamaṁ bhāratē parva mahadētadudāhr̥tam । atra tē pr̥thivīpālāḥ prāyaśō nidhanaṁ gatāḥ । drōṇaparvaṇi yē śūrā nirdiṣṭāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-166॥

This great seventh book of the Bharata has been recounted. In it, those valiant kings—bulls among men who were named in the Drona Parvan—mostly met their deaths. (BORI: 1-002-166)

[PV-PAX:01_001_494] (Bharata-Ext)

adhyāyānāṁ śataṁ prōktamadhyāyāḥ saptatistathā । aṣṭau ślōkasahasrāṇi tathā nava śatāni ca ॥BORI: 1-002-167॥

It is said to contain one hundred and seventy chapters, and eight thousand nine hundred verses... (BORI: 1-002-167)

[PV-PAX:01_001_495] (Bharata-Ext)

ślōkā nava tathaivātra saṅkhyātāstattvadarśinā । pārāśaryēṇa muninā sañcintya drōṇaparvaṇi ॥BORI: 1-002-168॥

and nine verses have likewise been counted here in the Drona Parva by the truth-seeing sage Parasharya, after careful consideration. (BORI: 1-002-168)

[PV-PAX:01_001_496] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ karṇaparva prōcyatē paramādbhutam । sārathyē viniyōgaśca madrarājasya dhīmataḥ । ākhyātaṁ yatra paurāṇaṁ tripurasya nipātanam ॥BORI: 1-002-169॥

Next is related the supremely marvelous Book of Karna, including the appointment of the wise king of Madra as charioteer and the ancient account of the destruction of Tripura. (BORI: 1-002-169)

[PV-PAX:01_001_497] (Bharata-Ext)

prayāṇē paruṣaścātra saṁvādaḥ karṇaśalyayōḥ । haṁsakākīyamākhyānamatraivākṣēpasaṁhitam ॥BORI: 1-002-170॥

Here too is the harsh exchange between Karna and Shalya as they set out, and the tale of the swan and the crow, replete with taunts. (BORI: 1-002-170)

[PV-PAX:01_001_498] (Bharata-Ext)

anyōnyaṁ prati ca krōdhō yudhiṣṭhirakirīṭinōḥ । dvairathē yatra pārthēna hataḥ karṇō mahārathaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-171॥

the anger that Yudhishthira and Kirīṭin bore toward one another, and where the mighty chariot-warrior Karna was slain by Partha in single combat. (BORI: 1-002-171)

[PV-PAX:01_001_499] (Bharata-Ext)

aṣṭamaṁ parva nirdiṣṭamētadbhāratacintakaiḥ । ēkōnasaptatiḥ prōktā adhyāyāḥ karṇaparvaṇi । catvāryēva sahasrāṇi nava ślōkaśatāni ca ॥BORI: 1-002-172॥

Those versed in the Bharata designate this as the eighth book. The Karna Book is said to contain sixty-nine chapters and four thousand nine hundred verses, as well as… (BORI: 1-002-172)

[PV-PAX:01_001_500] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ vicitrārthaṁ śalyaparva prakīrtitam । hatapravīrē sainyē tu nētā madrēśvarō’bhavat ॥BORI: 1-002-173॥

Next is the Śalya Parva, renowned for its remarkable contents. When the army’s foremost warriors had been slain, the king of Madra became its commander. (BORI: 1-002-173)

[PV-PAX:01_001_501] (Bharata-Ext)

vr̥ttāni rathayuddhāni kīrtyantē yatra bhāgaśaḥ । vināśaḥ kurumukhyānāṁ śalyaparvaṇi kīrtyatē ॥BORI: 1-002-174॥

There the chariot battles that took place are recounted in detail, and the destruction of the foremost Kurus is related in the Book of Shalya. (BORI: 1-002-174)

[PV-PAX:01_001_502] (Bharata-Ext)

śalyasya nidhanaṁ cātra dharmarājānmahārathāt । gadāyuddhaṁ tu tumulamatraiva parikīrtitam । sarasvatyāśca tīrthānāṁ puṇyatā parikīrtitā ॥BORI: 1-002-175॥

Also recounted here are Shalya’s death at the hands of the mighty chariot-warrior Dharmaraja, the tumultuous mace battle, and the sanctity of the sacred fords of the Sarasvati. (BORI: 1-002-175)

[PV-PAX:01_001_503] (Bharata-Ext)

navamaṁ parva nirdiṣṭamētadadbhutamarthavat । ēkōnaṣaṣṭiradhyāyāstatra saṅkhyāviśāradaiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-176॥

This is designated the ninth book, marvelous and rich in meaning. Its fifty-nine chapters, by experts in reckoning… (BORI: 1-002-176)

[PV-PAX:01_001_504] (Bharata-Ext)

saṅkhyātā bahuvr̥ttāntāḥ ślōkāgraṁ cātra śasyatē । trīṇi ślōkasahasrāṇi dvē śatē viṁśatistathā । muninā sampraṇītāni kauravāṇāṁ yaśōbhr̥tām ॥BORI: 1-002-177॥

They have been counted and contain many events. The total number of verses here is stated to be three thousand two hundred and twenty, composed by the sage concerning the illustrious Kauravas. (BORI: 1-002-177)

[PV-PAX:01_001_505] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ pravakṣyāmi sauptikaṁ parva dāruṇam । bhagnōruṁ yatra rājānaṁ duryōdhanamamarṣaṇam ॥BORI: 1-002-178॥

Next I shall relate the dreadful Book of the Sleeping Warriors, in which the implacable king Duryodhana lay with his thighs shattered. (BORI: 1-002-178)

[PV-PAX:01_001_506] (Bharata-Ext)

vyapayātēṣu pārthēṣu trayastē’bhyāyayū rathāḥ । kr̥tavarmā kr̥pō drauṇiḥ sāyāhnē rudhirōkṣitāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-179॥

After the Pārthas had departed, those three chariot-warriors—Kṛtavarman, Kṛpa, and Droṇa’s son—arrived at evening, spattered with blood. (BORI: 1-002-179)

[PV-PAX:01_001_507] (Bharata-Ext)

pratijajñē dr̥ḍhakrōdhō drauṇiryatra mahārathaḥ । ahatvā sarvapāñcālāndhr̥ṣṭadyumnapurōgamān । pāṇḍavāṁśca sahāmātyānna vimōkṣyāmi daṁśanam ॥BORI: 1-002-180॥

There the mighty warrior Drona’s son, implacable in his wrath, vowed, “I will not take off my armor until I have killed all the Panchalas, led by Dhrishtadyumna, and the Pandavas together with their ministers.” (BORI: 1-002-180)

[PV-PAX:01_001_508] (Bharata-Ext)

prasuptānniśi viśvastānyatra tē puruṣarṣabhāḥ । pāñcālānsaparīvārāñjaghnurdrauṇipurōgamāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-181॥

where those bulls among men, led by Droṇa’s son, slew the sleeping, unsuspecting Pāñcālas and their retinues at night; (BORI: 1-002-181)

[PV-PAX:01_001_509] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrāmucyanta pārthāstē pañca kr̥ṣṇabalāśrayāt । sātyakiśca mahēṣvāsaḥ śēṣāśca nidhanaṁ gatāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-182॥

where those five sons of Pritha and the mighty archer Satyaki escaped through the protection of Krishna’s power, while all the rest met their deaths. (BORI: 1-002-182)

[PV-PAX:01_001_510] (Bharata-Ext)

draupadī putraśōkārtā pitr̥bhrātr̥vadhārditā । kr̥tānaśanasaṅkalpā yatra bhartr̥nupāviśat ॥BORI: 1-002-183॥

where Draupadi, tormented by grief for her sons and afflicted by the slaying of her father and brother, resolved to fast and sat down beside her husbands; (BORI: 1-002-183)

[PV-PAX:01_001_511] (Bharata-Ext)

draupadīvacanādyatra bhīmō bhīmaparākramaḥ । anvadhāvata saṅkruddhō bhāradvājaṁ gurōḥ sutam ॥BORI: 1-002-184॥

where, at Draupadi’s words, Bhima of terrible prowess furiously pursued Bharadvaja’s descendant, the preceptor’s son. (BORI: 1-002-184)

[PV-PAX:01_001_512] (Bharata-Ext)

bhīmasēnabhayādyatra daivēnābhipracōditaḥ । apāṇḍavāyēti ruṣā drauṇirastramavāsr̥jat ॥BORI: 1-002-185॥

There, driven by fate and afraid of Bhimasena, Drona’s son angrily released the weapon, crying, “For the annihilation of the Pandavas!” (BORI: 1-002-185)

[PV-PAX:01_001_513] (Bharata-Ext)

maivamityabravītkr̥ṣṇaḥ śamayaṁstasya tadvacaḥ । yatrāstramastrēṇa ca tacchamayāmāsa phālgunaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-186॥

where Krishna said, “Do not do so,” countering those words of his, and where Phalguna neutralized that weapon with a weapon. (BORI: 1-002-186)

[PV-PAX:01_001_514] (Bharata-Ext)

drauṇidvaipāyanādīnāṁ śāpāścānyōnyakāritāḥ । tōyakarmaṇi sarvēṣāṁ rājñāmudakadānikē ॥BORI: 1-002-187॥

the curses that Drona’s son, Dvaipayana, and the others laid upon one another; and, at the water rite in which water was offered for all the kings, … (BORI: 1-002-187)

[PV-PAX:01_001_515] (Bharata-Ext)

gūḍhōtpannasya cākhyānaṁ karṇasya pr̥thayātmanaḥ । sutasyaitadiha prōktaṁ daśamaṁ parva sauptikam ॥BORI: 1-002-188॥

The story of Karna, Pritha’s own son, who was secretly born, is also told here. This is the tenth book, called Sauptika. (BORI: 1-002-188)

[PV-PAX:01_001_516] (Bharata-Ext)

aṣṭādaśāsminnadhyāyāḥ parvaṇyuktā mahātmanā । ślōkāgramatra kathitaṁ śatānyaṣṭau tathaiva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-189॥

In this book, eighteen chapters have been declared by the great-souled one. The total number of verses here is said to be eight hundred, and also… (BORI: 1-002-189)

[PV-PAX:01_001_517] (Bharata-Ext)

ślōkāśca saptatiḥ prōktā yathāvadabhisaṅkhyayā । sauptikaiṣīkasambandhē parvaṇyamitabuddhinā ॥BORI: 1-002-190॥

And seventy verses have been declared in the proper count by the sage of immeasurable intellect in the book comprising the Sauptika and Aiṣīka. (BORI: 1-002-190)

[PV-PAX:01_001_518] (Bharata-Ext)

ata ūrdhvamidaṁ prāhuḥ strīparva karuṇōdayam । vilāpō vīrapatnīnāṁ yatrātikaruṇaḥ smr̥taḥ । krōdhāvēśaḥ prasādaśca gāndhārīdhr̥tarāṣṭrayōḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-191॥

After this, they speak of the Strī Parvan, which evokes compassion, where the exceedingly sorrowful lament of the warriors’ wives is recounted, as well as the fury and reconciliation of Gāndhārī and Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (BORI: 1-002-191)

[PV-PAX:01_001_519] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra tānkṣatriyāñśūrāndiṣṭāntānanivartinaḥ । putrānbhrātr̥npitr̥ṁścaiva dadr̥śurnihatānraṇē ॥BORI: 1-002-192॥

where they saw their sons, brothers, and fathers—those heroic Kshatriyas who never turned back and had met their appointed end—slain in battle. (BORI: 1-002-192)

[PV-PAX:01_001_520] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra rājā mahāprājñaḥ sarvadharmabhr̥tāṁ varaḥ । rājñāṁ tāni śarīrāṇi dāhayāmāsa śāstrataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-193॥

where the exceedingly wise king, foremost of all upholders of dharma, had the bodies of those kings cremated according to prescribed rites; (BORI: 1-002-193)

[PV-PAX:01_001_521] (Bharata-Ext)

ētadēkādaśaṁ prōktaṁ parvātikaruṇaṁ mahat । saptaviṁśatiradhyāyāḥ parvaṇyasminnudāhr̥tāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-194॥

This great and deeply moving eleventh Parva has thus been described. Twenty-seven chapters are contained in this Parva. (BORI: 1-002-194)

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ślōkāḥ saptaśataṁ cātra pañcasaptatirucyatē । saṅkhyayā bhāratākhyānaṁ kartrā hyatra mahātmanā । praṇītaṁ sajjanamanōvaiklavyāśrupravartakam ॥BORI: 1-002-195॥

The verses here are said to number seven hundred and seventy-five. Here the great-souled author composed the narrative of the Bharatas, which makes tears flow from the anguish of good people’s hearts. (BORI: 1-002-195)

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ataḥ paraṁ śāntiparva dvādaśaṁ buddhivardhanam । yatra nirvēdamāpannō dharmarājō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ । ghātayitvā pitr̥nbhrātr̥nputrānsambandhibāndhavān ॥BORI: 1-002-196॥

After this comes the twelfth book, the understanding-enhancing Śānti Parvan, in which King Yudhiṣṭhira became despondent after causing fathers, brothers, sons, relations, and kinsmen to be killed. (BORI: 1-002-196)

[PV-PAX:01_001_524] (Bharata-Ext)

śāntiparvaṇi dharmāśca vyākhyātāḥ śaratalpikāḥ । rājabhirvēditavyā yē samyaṅnayabubhutsubhiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-197॥

In the Book of Peace are expounded the duties taught from the bed of arrows, which kings seeking a proper understanding of statecraft should know. (BORI: 1-002-197)

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āpaddharmāśca tatraiva kālahētupradarśakāḥ । yānbuddhvā puruṣaḥ samyaksarvajñatvamavāpnuyāt । mōkṣadharmāśca kathitā vicitrā bahuvistarāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-198॥

There too are set forth the laws for times of distress, showing the causes arising from particular circumstances; by fully understanding them, a man may attain omniscience. The diverse and extensively elaborated teachings on liberation are also related. (BORI: 1-002-198)

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dvādaśaṁ parva nirdiṣṭamētatprājñajanapriyam । parvaṇyatra parijñēyamadhyāyānāṁ śatatrayam । triṁśaccaiva tathādhyāyā nava caiva tapōdhanāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-199॥

This, beloved of the wise, has been designated the twelfth book. Know that it contains three hundred chapters, together with another thirty-nine, O treasures of asceticism. (BORI: 1-002-199)

[PV-PAX:01_001_527] (Bharata-Ext)

ślōkānāṁ tu sahasrāṇi kīrtitāni caturdaśa । pañca caiva śatānyāhuḥ pañcaviṁśatisaṅkhyayā ॥BORI: 1-002-200॥

Fourteen thousand five hundred and twenty-five verses are said to have been recited. (BORI: 1-002-200)

[PV-PAX:01_001_528] (Bharata-Ext)

ata ūrdhvaṁ tu vijñēyamānuśāsanamuttamam । yatra prakr̥timāpannaḥ śrutvā dharmaviniścayam । bhīṣmādbhāgīrathīputrātkururājō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-201॥

Next is to be known the excellent Anushasana, in which Yudhishthira, king of the Kurus, returned to his normal state after hearing the definitive exposition of dharma from Bhishma, son of Bhagirathi. (BORI: 1-002-201)

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vyavahārō’tra kārtsnyēna dharmārthīyō nidarśitaḥ । vividhānāṁ ca dānānāṁ phalayōgāḥ pr̥thagvidhāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-202॥

Here the practice relating to righteousness and wealth is set forth in full, as are the various rewards attached to different kinds of gifts; (BORI: 1-002-202)

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tathā pātraviśēṣāśca dānānāṁ ca parō vidhiḥ । ācāravidhiyōgaśca satyasya ca parā gatiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-203॥

Likewise, the distinctions among worthy recipients, the highest rule governing gifts, the observance of prescribed conduct, and the supreme end of truth; (BORI: 1-002-203)

[PV-PAX:01_001_531] (Bharata-Ext)

ētatsubahuvr̥ttāntamuttamaṁ cānuśāsanam । bhīṣmasyātraiva samprāptiḥ svargasya parikīrtitā ॥BORI: 1-002-204॥

This excellent book of instruction contains a great many accounts; here too is recounted Bhishma’s attainment of heaven. (BORI: 1-002-204)

[PV-PAX:01_001_532] (Bharata-Ext)

ētattrayōdaśaṁ parva dharmaniścayakārakam । adhyāyānāṁ śataṁ cātra ṣaṭcatvāriṁśadēva ca । ślōkānāṁ tu sahasrāṇi ṣaṭsaptaiva śatāni ca ॥BORI: 1-002-205॥

This is the thirteenth book, which settles matters of dharma. It contains exactly one hundred and forty-six chapters and six thousand seven hundred verses. (BORI: 1-002-205)

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tatō’śvamēdhikaṁ nāma parva prōktaṁ caturdaśam । tatsaṁvartamaruttīyaṁ yatrākhyānamanuttamam ॥BORI: 1-002-206॥

Next comes the fourteenth book, called the Aśvamedhika, containing the unsurpassed account of Saṃvarta and Marutta. (BORI: 1-002-206)

[PV-PAX:01_001_534] (Bharata-Ext)

suvarṇakōśasamprāptirjanma cōktaṁ parikṣitaḥ । dagdhasyāstrāgninā pūrvaṁ kr̥ṣṇātsañjīvanaṁ punaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-207॥

The acquisition of the treasury of gold and the birth of Parikshit are recounted, as is his restoration to life by Krishna after he had been burned by the weapon’s fire. (BORI: 1-002-207)

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caryāyāṁ hayamutsr̥ṣṭaṁ pāṇḍavasyānugacchataḥ । tatra tatra ca yuddhāni rājaputrairamarṣaṇaiḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-208॥

the Pāṇḍava’s battles here and there with hot-tempered princes as he followed the horse released to wander freely; (BORI: 1-002-208)

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citrāṅgadāyāḥ putrēṇa putrikāyā dhanañjayaḥ । saṅgrāmē babhruvāhēna saṁśayaṁ cātra darśitaḥ । aśvamēdhē mahāyajñē nakulākhyānamēva ca ॥BORI: 1-002-209॥

Here Dhananjaya was placed in mortal danger in battle by Babhruvahana, the son of Chitrangada, an appointed daughter; and, at the great horse sacrifice, there is also the tale of the mongoose. (BORI: 1-002-209)

[PV-PAX:01_001_537] (Bharata-Ext)

ityāśvamēdhikaṁ parva prōktamētanmahādbhutam । atrādhyāyaśataṁ triṁśattrayō’dhyāyāśca śabditāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-210॥

Thus has this most wondrous Book of the Horse Sacrifice been recounted. In it, one hundred and thirty-three chapters are specified. (BORI: 1-002-210)

[PV-PAX:01_001_538] (Bharata-Ext)

trīṇi ślōkasahasrāṇi tāvantyēva śatāni ca । viṁśatiśca tathā ślōkāḥ saṅkhyātāstattvadarśinā ॥BORI: 1-002-211॥

Three thousand three hundred and twenty verses were counted by the knower of truth. (BORI: 1-002-211)

[PV-PAX:01_001_539] (Bharata-Ext)

tata āśramavāsākyaṁ parva pañcadaśaṁ smr̥tam । yatra rājyaṁ parityajya gāndhārīsahitō nr̥paḥ । dhr̥tarāṣṭrāśramapadaṁ viduraśca jagāma ha ॥BORI: 1-002-212॥

Next comes the fifteenth book, known as Āśramavāsa, in which King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, accompanied by Gāndhārī, renounced the kingdom and departed with Vidura for a hermitage. (BORI: 1-002-212)

[PV-PAX:01_001_540] (Bharata-Ext)

yaṁ dr̥ṣṭvā prasthitaṁ sādhvī pr̥thāpyanuyayau tadā । putrarājyaṁ parityajya guruśuśrūṣaṇē ratā ॥BORI: 1-002-213॥

Seeing him depart, the virtuous Pritha followed him then, relinquishing her sons’ kingdom and devoting herself to serving her elders. (BORI: 1-002-213)

[PV-PAX:01_001_541] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra rājā hatānputrānpautrānanyāṁśca pārthivān । lōkāntaragatānvīrānapaśyatpunarāgatān ॥BORI: 1-002-214॥

where the king saw his slain sons and grandsons, as well as other heroic kings who had passed into another world, return once more. (BORI: 1-002-214)

[PV-PAX:01_001_542] (Bharata-Ext)

r̥ṣēḥ prasādātkr̥ṣṇasya dr̥ṣṭvāścaryamanuttamam । tyaktvā śōkaṁ sadāraśca siddhiṁ paramikāṁ gataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-215॥

By the grace of the sage Krishna, he witnessed an unsurpassed marvel, cast off his grief, and together with his wife attained the highest perfection. (BORI: 1-002-215)

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yatra dharmaṁ samāśritya viduraḥ sugatiṁ gataḥ । sañjayaśca mahāmātrō vidvāngāvalgaṇirvaśī ॥BORI: 1-002-216॥

where Vidura, adhering to righteousness, attained a blessed state, as did the learned Sanjaya, the self-controlled son of Gavalgana and great official. (BORI: 1-002-216)

[PV-PAX:01_001_544] (Bharata-Ext)

dadarśa nāradaṁ yatra dharmarājō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ । nāradāccaiva śuśrāva vr̥ṣṇīnāṁ kadanaṁ mahat ॥BORI: 1-002-217॥

where King Yudhishthira saw Narada and heard from him of the great slaughter of the Vrishnis. (BORI: 1-002-217)

[PV-PAX:01_001_545] (Bharata-Ext)

ētadāśramavāsākhyaṁ pūrvōktaṁ sumahādbhutam । dvicatvāriṁśadadhyāyāḥ parvaitadabhisaṅkhyayā ॥BORI: 1-002-218॥

Thus has been told the exceedingly wondrous book called Āśramavāsa. By count, this book contains forty-two chapters. (BORI: 1-002-218)

[PV-PAX:01_001_546] (Bharata-Ext)

sahasramēkaṁ ślōkānāṁ pañca ślōkaśatāni ca । ṣaḍēva ca tathā ślōkāḥ saṅkhyātāstattvadarśinā ॥BORI: 1-002-219॥

One thousand five hundred and six verses have been counted by one who knows the truth. (BORI: 1-002-219)

[PV-PAX:01_001_547] (Bharata-Ext)

ataḥ paraṁ nibōdhēdaṁ mausalaṁ parva dāruṇam । yatra tē puruṣavyāghrāḥ śastrasparśasahā yudhi । brahmadaṇḍaviniṣpiṣṭāḥ samīpē lavaṇāmbhasaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-220॥

Next, hear of this dreadful Mausala Parvan, in which those tigers among men, able to withstand the blows of weapons in battle, were crushed by Brahma’s rod near the salt sea… (BORI: 1-002-220)

[PV-PAX:01_001_548] (Bharata-Ext)

āpānē pānagalitā daivēnābhipracōditāḥ । ērakārūpibhirvajrairnijaghnuritarētaram ॥BORI: 1-002-221॥

At a drinking party, maddened by drink and driven on by fate, they slew one another with thunderbolts in the form of eraka reeds. (BORI: 1-002-221)

[PV-PAX:01_001_549] (Bharata-Ext)

yatra sarvakṣayaṁ kr̥tvā tāvubhau rāmakēśavau । nāticakramatuḥ kālaṁ prāptaṁ sarvaharaṁ samam ॥BORI: 1-002-222॥

where, after bringing about the destruction of all, those two, Rama and Keshava, did not escape Time when it came, the impartial destroyer of all; (BORI: 1-002-222)

[PV-PAX:01_001_550] (Bharata-Ext)

yatrārjunō dvāravatīmētya vr̥ṣṇivinākr̥tām । dr̥ṣṭvā viṣādamagamatparāṁ cārtiṁ nararṣabhaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-223॥

where Arjuna, the bull among men, came to Dvaravati, now bereft of the Vrishnis, and at the sight of it sank into despondency and profound anguish; (BORI: 1-002-223)

[PV-PAX:01_001_551] (Bharata-Ext)

sa satkr̥tya yaduśrēṣṭhaṁ mātulaṁ śaurimātmanaḥ । dadarśa yaduvīrāṇāmāpānē vaiśasaṁ mahat ॥BORI: 1-002-224॥

After paying due honor to Śauri, the foremost of the Yadus and his maternal uncle, he saw the great slaughter of the Yadu heroes at their drinking bout. (BORI: 1-002-224)

[PV-PAX:01_001_552] (Bharata-Ext)

śarīraṁ vāsudēvasya rāmasya ca mahātmanaḥ । saṁskāraṁ lambhayāmāsa vr̥ṣṇīnāṁ ca pradhānataḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-225॥

He had the bodies of Vasudeva and the great-souled Rama, as well as those of the foremost Vrishnis, given their funeral rites. (BORI: 1-002-225)

[PV-PAX:01_001_553] (Bharata-Ext)

sa vr̥ddhabālamādāya dvāravatyāstatō janam । dadarśāpadi kaṣṭāyāṁ gāṇḍīvasya parābhavam ॥BORI: 1-002-226॥

Then, taking the old people and children away from Dvaravati, he witnessed, in a dire calamity, the failure of Gandiva... (BORI: 1-002-226)

[PV-PAX:01_001_554] (Bharata-Ext)

sarvēṣāṁ caiva divyānāmastrāṇāmaprasannatām । nāśaṁ vr̥ṣṇikalatrāṇāṁ prabhāvānāmanityatām ॥BORI: 1-002-227॥

the failure of all the divine weapons, the destruction of the Vṛṣṇi women, and the impermanence of power… (BORI: 1-002-227)

[PV-PAX:01_001_555] (Bharata-Ext)

dr̥ṣṭvā nirvēdamāpannō vyāsavākyapracōditaḥ । dharmarājaṁ samāsādya saṁnyāsaṁ samarōcayēt ॥BORI: 1-002-228॥

Seeing this, he became disillusioned and, urged by Vyasa’s words, would approach Dharmaraja and propose renunciation. (BORI: 1-002-228)

[PV-PAX:01_001_556] (Bharata-Ext)

ityētanmausalaṁ parva ṣōḍaśaṁ parikīrtitam । adhyāyāṣṭau samākhyātāḥ ślōkānāṁ ca śatatrayam ॥BORI: 1-002-229॥

Thus the Mausala Parva, the sixteenth book, has been recounted. Eight chapters have been enumerated, comprising three hundred verses... (BORI: 1-002-229)

[PV-PAX:01_001_557] (Bharata-Ext)

mahāprasthānikaṁ tasmādūrdhvaṁ saptadaśaṁ smr̥tam । yatra rājyaṁ parityajya pāṇḍavāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ । draupadyā sahitā dēvyā siddhiṁ paramikāṁ gatāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-230॥

After that, the Mahaprasthanika is remembered as the seventeenth book, in which the Pandavas, bulls among men, relinquished their kingdom and, together with the divine Draupadi, attained the highest perfection. (BORI: 1-002-230)

[PV-PAX:01_001_558] (Bharata-Ext)

atrādhyāyāstrayaḥ prōktāḥ ślōkānāṁ ca śataṁ tathā । viṁśatiśca tathā ślōkāḥ saṅkhyātāstattvadarśinā ॥BORI: 1-002-231॥

Here three chapters are said to contain one hundred and twenty verses, as counted by the seer of truth. (BORI: 1-002-231)

[PV-PAX:01_001_559] (Bharata-Ext)

svargaparva tatō jñēyaṁ divyaṁ yattadamānuṣam । adhyāyāḥ pañca saṅkhyātāḥ parvaitadabhisaṅkhyayā । ślōkānāṁ dvē śatē caiva prasaṅkhyātē tapōdhanāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-232॥

Next comes the Svarga Parva, divine and superhuman. This parva is reckoned to contain five chapters. Two hundred verses have also been counted, O ascetics… (BORI: 1-002-232)

[PV-PAX:01_001_560] (Bharata-Ext)

aṣṭādaśaivamētāni parvāṇyuktānyaśēṣataḥ । khilēṣu harivaṁśaśca bhaviṣyacca prakīrtitam ॥BORI: 1-002-233॥

Thus these eighteen books have been described in full; the Harivamsha and the Bhavishya have also been recounted among the supplementary books. (BORI: 1-002-233)

[PV-PAX:01_001_561] (Bharata-Ext)

ētadakhilamākhyātaṁ bhārataṁ parvasaṅgrahāt । aṣṭādaśa samājagmurakṣauhiṇyō yuyutsayā । tanmahaddāruṇaṁ yuddhamahānyaṣṭādaśābhavat ॥BORI: 1-002-234॥

This entire Bhārata has been set forth through the summary of its books. Eighteen armies assembled, eager for battle, and that great and terrible war lasted eighteen days. (BORI: 1-002-234)

[PV-PAN:01_001_562] (Bharata-Ext)

yō vidyāccaturō vēdānsāṅgōpaniṣadāndvijaḥ । na cākhyānamidaṁ vidyānnaiva sa syādvicakṣaṇaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-235॥

A twice-born man who knew the four Vedas, together with their ancillary disciplines and the Upanishads, but did not know this narrative, would not be truly learned. (BORI: 1-002-235)

[PV-KDV:01_001_563] (Bharata-Ext)

śrutvā tvidamupākhyānaṁ śrāvyamanyanna rōcatē । puṁskōkilarutaṁ śrutvā rūkṣā dhvāṅkṣasya vāgiva ॥BORI: 1-002-236॥

After hearing this tale, one takes no pleasure in hearing any other—just as, after hearing the male cuckoo’s song, one finds the crow’s harsh voice unpleasing. (BORI: 1-002-236)

[PV-PAN:01_001_564] (Bharata-Ext)

itihāsōttamādasmājjāyantē kavibuddhayaḥ । pañcabhya iva bhūtēbhyō lōkasaṁvidhayastrayaḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-237॥

From this finest of histories arise the inspirations of poets, just as the three realms of the world arise from the five elements. (BORI: 1-002-237)

[PV-PAN:01_001_565] (Bharata-Ext)

asyākhyānasya viṣayē purāṇaṁ vartatē dvijāḥ । antarikṣasya viṣayē prajā iva caturvidhāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-238॥

The Purana lies within the compass of this narrative, O twice-born ones, just as the four kinds of creatures dwell within the realm of space. (BORI: 1-002-238)

[PV-PAN:01_001_566] (Bharata-Ext)

kriyāguṇānāṁ sarvēṣāmidamākhyānamāśrayaḥ । indriyāṇāṁ samastānāṁ citrā iva manaḥkriyāḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-239॥

This narrative is the basis of all actions and qualities, just as the manifold activity of the mind is the basis of all the senses. (BORI: 1-002-239)

[PV-KDV:01_001_567] (Bharata-Ext)

anāśrityaitadākhyānaṁ kathā bhuvi na vidyatē । āhāramanapāśritya śarīrasyēva dhāraṇam ॥BORI: 1-002-240॥

No tale exists on earth that does not draw upon this narrative, just as the body cannot be sustained without food. (BORI: 1-002-240)

[PV-KDV:01_001_568] (Bharata-Ext)

idaṁ sarvaiḥ kavivarairākhyānamupajīvyatē । udayaprēpsubhirbhr̥tyairabhijāta ivēśvaraḥ ॥BORI: 1-002-241॥

All the finest poets draw sustenance from this narrative, just as servants seeking advancement depend upon a noble lord. (BORI: 1-002-241)

[PV-PAN:01_001_569] (Bharata-Ext)

dvaipāyanauṣṭhapuṭaniḥsr̥tamapramēyaṁ; puṇyaṁ pavitramatha pāpaharaṁ śivaṁ ca । yō bhārataṁ samadhigacchati vācyamānaṁ; kiṁ tasya puṣkarajalairabhiṣēcanēna ॥BORI: 1-002-242॥

What need has one who listens to the immeasurable, holy, purifying, sin-destroying, and auspicious Bharata as it is recited—issued from Dvaipayana’s lips—to bathe in the waters of Pushkara? (BORI: 1-002-242)

[PV-PAN:01_001_570] (Bharata-Ext)

ākhyānaṁ tadidamanuttamaṁ mahārthaṁ; vinyastaṁ mahadiha parvasaṅgrahēṇa । śrutvādau bhavati nr̥ṇāṁ sukhāvagāhaṁ; vistīrṇaṁ lavaṇajalaṁ yathā plavēna ॥BORI: 1-002-243॥

This great, unsurpassed narrative, profound in meaning, has been set out here in a summary of its books. Once people have heard this at the outset, it becomes easy for them to enter, like the vast ocean of salt water with a boat. (BORI: 1-002-243)

[PV-KDV:01_001_571] (Bharata-Ext)

Opening invocations praise

Ugraśravas arrives at Śaunaka's Naimiṣa sacrifice

The sages request the nrration of Krishna Dvaipāyana Vyasa's Bhārata

Sūta starts narration with an invocation to the Primal Person

The purpose of Bharata: The threefold mystery, the application of the Vedas, full understanding of Dharma, Artha, and Kama

The Gaṇeśa Episode — An Allegory Signalling Multiple Layers of Meaning and a Concise Core of 8,800 Verses

The Bhārata, Without the Subsidiary Tales, Contains Only 24,000 Verses

Anukramaṇī - table to contents

Dhṛtarāṣṭra repeatedly recalls pre-war events that destroyed his hope for victory

Anukramaṇī - table to contents

Sanjaya’s advice.

The Parva-saṅgraha - 100 Parva system.

The Ādi-parvan summary.

The Sabhā-parvan summary.

The Āraṇyaka Parva summary.

The Virāṭa Parva summary.

The Udyoga Parvan summary.

The Bhīṣma-parvan summary.

The Droṇa-parvan summary.

The Karṇa-parvan summary.

The Śalya-parvan summary.

The Sauptika-Aiṣīka summary.

The Strī-parvan summary.

The Śānti-parvan summary.

The Anuśāsana-parvan summary.

The Aśvamedhika Parva summary.

The Āśramavāsika summary.

The Mausala summary.

The Mahaprasthanika summary.

the Svarga Parva summary

Harivamsha and the Bhavishya are supplementary books.

End of introduction with praise for Bharata