Incredible Wisdom of Bharat!

Victorious is Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara and the delight of Satyavatī’s heart; the whole world drinks the immortal nectar of literature flowing from the lotus of his mouth.

[PV-KDV:01_001_1] (Bharata-Ext)

The core narrative of Jaya is much older than the Nara-Nārāyaṇa narrative. Hence, it requires a more common Vyāsa invocation, without Nara, that is popular in most of the Purāṇas and is also found later in the Mahābhārata.

Ugraśravas, the Suta, son of Lomaharṣaṇa and a reciter of ancient lore, at Kulapati Śaunaka’s twelve-year sacrificial session in the Naimiṣa Forest… (BORI: 1-001-1)

[PV-KDV:01_001_3] (Bharata-Ext)

One day, the Suta’s son bowed respectfully and approached the seated Brahmarshis, who were firm in their vows. (BORI: 1-001-2)

[PV-KDV:01_001_4] (Bharata-Ext)

When he arrived at the hermitage, the ascetics dwelling in the Naimisha Forest gathered around him there to hear wondrous tales. (BORI: 1-001-3)

[PV-KDV:01_001_5] (Bharata-Ext)

With palms joined, he greeted all those sages and asked about the progress of their austerities; the holy men welcomed him in turn. (BORI: 1-001-4)

[PV-KDV:01_001_6] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, when all the ascetics had taken their seats, Lomaharshana respectfully took the seat assigned to him. (BORI: 1-001-5)

[PV-KDV:01_001_7] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, seeing that he was comfortably seated and rested, one of the sages there began a conversation and asked: (BORI: 1-001-6)

[PV-KDV:01_001_8] (Bharata-Ext)

Where have you come from, O Suta, and where have you spent this time, lotus-eyed one? Tell me this, for I ask you. (BORI: 1-001-7)

[PV-KDV:01_001_9] (Bharata-Ext)

The Suta said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_10] (Bharata-Ext)

At the snake sacrifice of the great royal sage Janamejaya, in the presence of that foremost of kings, the worthy son of Parikshit... (BORI: 1-001-8)

[PV-KDV:01_001_11] (Bharata-Ext)

the various, most sacred tales proclaimed by Krishna Dvaipayana and duly recounted by Vaishampayana... (BORI: 1-001-9)

[PV-KDV:01_001_12] (Bharata-Ext)

After hearing those stories of varied content contained in the Mahabharata, and visiting many sacred fords and shrines… (BORI: 1-001-10)

[PV-KDV:01_001_13] (Bharata-Ext)

I went to the sacred land called Samantapañcaka, frequented by Brahmins, where long ago there was a war... (BORI: 1-001-11)

[PV-KDV:01_001_14] (Bharata-Ext)

between the Pandavas, the Kurus, and all the kings. (BORI: 1-001-11)

[PV-KDV:01_001_15] (Bharata-Ext)

Wishing to see them, I have therefore come here into your presence. Long-lived ones, I indeed regard you all as having become Brahman. (BORI: 1-001-12)

[PV-KDV:01_001_16] (Bharata-Ext)

In this sacrifice, O greatly blessed ones, radiant as the sun and fire, you sit here after performing your ablutions, purified, having recited your prayers and offered oblations into the fire… (BORI: 1-001-13)

[PV-KDV:01_001_17] (Bharata-Ext)

You are seated here at ease. What shall I tell you, O Brahmins— (BORI: 1-001-13)

[PV-KDV:01_001_18] (Bharata-Ext)

Sacred tales drawn from the Puranas or concerning dharma; the history of kings and great-souled seers? (BORI: 1-001-14)

[PV-KDV:01_001_19] (Bharata-Ext)

The seers said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_20] (Bharata-Ext)

That Purana which was proclaimed by the great seer Dvaipayana and, upon being heard by the gods and Brahmarshis, was highly esteemed... (BORI: 1-001-15)

[PV-KDV:01_001_21] (Bharata-Ext)

of that finest of narratives, with its varied words and sections, endowed with subtle meanings and reasoning, and adorned with the meanings of the Vedas... (BORI: 1-001-16)

[PV-KDV:01_001_22] (Bharata-Ext)

This verse of the Mahābhārata specifically alludes to layered meanings, particularly those of the Vedas.

the sacred history of the Bhāratas, replete with the meaning of the work, refined, holy, and enriched by many śāstras… (BORI: 1-001-17)

[PV-KDV:01_001_23] (Bharata-Ext)

which the sage Vaishampayana accurately and gladly recited to King Janamejaya at the sacrificial session, at Dvaipayana’s command... (BORI: 1-001-18)

[PV-KDV:01_001_24] (Bharata-Ext)

We wish to hear that sacred compilation of Vyasa, the performer of wondrous deeds, which is equal to the four Vedas, accords with dharma, and dispels the fear of sin. (BORI: 1-001-19)

[PV-KDV:01_001_25] (Bharata-Ext)

The Suta said:

[PV-KDV:01_001_26] (Bharata-Ext)

In this lightless, unillumined expanse, enveloped on every side in darkness, there arose a single vast egg, the imperishable seed of all creatures. (BORI: 1-001-27)

[PV-KDV:01_001_34] (Bharata-Ext)

At the beginning of the age, they declare it to be the great divine cause, within which, it is said, is that true light, eternal Brahman… (BORI: 1-001-28)

[PV-KDV:01_001_35] (Bharata-Ext)

wondrous and inconceivable, equally present everywhere—the unmanifest, subtle cause, that which is of the nature of both being and non-being... (BORI: 1-001-29)

[PV-KDV:01_001_36] (Bharata-Ext)

from which was born the Grandfather—the sole lord Prajāpati Brahmā, teacher of the gods—and then Sthāṇu, Manu, Ka, and Parameṣṭhin… (BORI: 1-001-30)

[PV-KDV:01_001_37] (Bharata-Ext)

all the abodes of beings, the threefold mystery, the application of the Vedas together with full understanding, and duty, wealth, and pleasure… (BORI: 1-001-46)

[PV-KDV:01_001_53] (Bharata-Ext)

The sage saw that treatises on righteousness, desire, and wealth, various other sciences, and the ordering of worldly life had come into being. (BORI: 1-001-47)

[PV-KDV:01_001_54] (Bharata-Ext)

Histories with their explanations, and various sacred traditions as well—all this has been covered here, and the character of the work has been stated. (BORI: 1-001-48)

[PV-KDV:01_001_55] (Bharata-Ext)

Through austerity and celibacy, Satyavatī’s son arranged the eternal Veda and composed this sacred history. (BORI: 1-001-52)

[PV-KDV:01_001_56] (Bharata-Ext)

The austerity and celibacy practised by Vyasa while composing the Mahabharata are highlighted too often.

Having composed that most excellent of narratives, the mighty Dvaipayana reflected, “How shall I teach it here to my disciples?” (KUMB: 1-1-80; NILA: 01.001.055; NILA: 01.001.056)

[PV-KDV:01_001_57] (Bharata-Ext)

Knowing what the sage Dvaipayana was pondering, the blessed Brahma, teacher of the world, came there in person. (KUMB: 1-1-81; NILA: 01.001.056; NILA: 01.001.057)

[PV-KDV:01_001_58] (Bharata-Ext)

to please that sage and out of a desire for the welfare of the worlds. Seeing him, the sage stood astonished, bowing with joined palms. (KUMB: 1-1-82; NILA: 01.001.057; NILA: 01.001.058)

[PV-KDV:01_001_59] (Bharata-Ext)

Surrounded by all the assembled sages, he prepared a seat. (KUMB: 1-1-83; NILA: 01.001.058)

[PV-KDV:01_001_60] (Bharata-Ext)

Vasava’s son circumambulated Hiranyagarbha, who was seated on that supreme throne, and then stood nearby. (KUMB: 1-1-84; NILA: 01.001.059)

[PV-KDV:01_001_61] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, with the permission of Brahmā, the Supreme Lord, the pure-smiling Kṛṣṇa sat down nearby, filled with delight. (KUMB: 1-1-85; NILA: 01.001.060)

[PV-KDV:01_001_62] (Bharata-Ext)

Hey

[PV-KDV:01_001_63] (Bharata-Ext)

O Brahmā, the secret of the Veda and whatever else I have set forth, as well as a detailed exposition of the Vedas together with their ancillary disciplines and Upaniṣads... (KUMB: 1-1-87; NILA: 01.001.062)

[PV-KDV:01_001_64] (Bharata-Ext)

There is a clear indication that the subject matter of the Mahabharata is the Vedas and Upanishads, providing insight into their knowledge.

By the lamp of history, which dispels the veil of delusion, the whole inner chamber of the world has been illuminated just as it is. (KUMB: 1-1-103; NILA: 01.001.087)

[PV-KDV:01_001_65] (Bharata-Ext)

with the Saṃgraha chapter as its seed, the Pauloma and Astika as its roots, the Sambhava as its spreading trunk, and the Sabha Parvan as its boughs… (KUMB: 1-1-104; NILA: 01.001.088)

[PV-PAN:01_001_66] (Bharata-Ext)

luxuriant in the form of the Aranyaka Parvan, with the Virata and Udyoga Parvans as its heartwood, the Bhishma Parvan as its great branch, and the Drona Parvan as its leaves... (KUMB: 1-1-105; NILA: 01.001.089)

[PV-PAN:01_001_67] (Bharata-Ext)

with white flowers in the form of the Karṇa Parvan, fragrant with the Śalya Parvan; with the Strī and Aiṣīka Parvans as its resting place, and the Śānti Parvan as its great fruit... (KUMB: 1-1-106; NILA: 01.001.090)

[PV-PAN:01_001_68] (Bharata-Ext)

with the Aśvamedha as its nectar-like sap, the Āśramasthāna as its abode, and the Mausala as its epitome of sacred tradition, frequented by learned Brahmins… (KUMB: 1-1-107; NILA: 01.001.091)

[PV-PAN:01_001_69] (Bharata-Ext)

The inexhaustible, mighty tree will sustain all the foremost poets, just as Parjanya sustains living beings. (KUMB: 1-1-108; NILA: 01.001.092)

[PV-PAN:01_001_70] (Bharata-Ext)

O sage, call Ganesha to mind so that he may write the poem. (KUMB: 1-1-109; NILA: 01.001.074)

[PV-KDV:01_001_71] (Bharata-Ext)

Having spoken to him thus, the blessed Brahmā, creator of the world, departed for his own abode together with the hosts of seers and gods. (KUMB: 1-1-110; NILA: 01.001.074)

[PV-KDV:01_001_72] (Bharata-Ext)

Then Vyasa, the son of Satyavati, called Heramba to mind. (KUMB: 1-1-111; NILA: 01.001.075)

[PV-KDV:01_001_73] (Bharata-Ext)

As soon as he was remembered, Ganesha, the Lord of Obstacles who fulfills his devotees’ wishes, came to the place where Vedavyasa was staying. (KUMB: 1-1-112; NILA: 01.001.075; NILA: 01.001.076)

[PV-KDV:01_001_74] (Bharata-Ext)

After he had been honored and had taken his seat, Vyasa addressed him, O sinless one: “Leader of the Ganas, be the scribe of this Bharata, conceived in my mind and recited by me.” (KUMB: 1-1-113; NILA: 01.001.076; NILA: 01.001.077)

[PV-KDV:01_001_75] (Bharata-Ext)

Hearing this, Vighnesha said, “If my pen does not pause for even a moment as I write, then I shall indeed be the scribe.” (KUMB: 1-1-114; NILA: 01.001.078)

[PV-KDV:01_001_76] (Bharata-Ext)

Vyāsa in turn said to the god, “Never write anything without understanding it.” Saying “Om,” Gaṇeśa then became his scribe. (KUMB: 1-1-115; NILA: 01.001.079)

[PV-KDV:01_001_77] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, out of curiosity, the sage fashioned an obscure knot in the text, concerning which the sage Dvaipayana made this declaration: (KUMB: 1-1-116; NILA: 01.001.080)

[PV-KDV:01_001_78] (Bharata-Ext)

I know eight thousand eight hundred verses; Śuka knows them, and Saṃjaya may or may not know them. (KUMB: 1-1-117; NILA: 01.001.081)

[PV-KDV:01_001_79] (Bharata-Ext)

Even today, O sage, that knot of verses remains firmly tied and cannot be unraveled because its meaning is obscure and compressed. (KUMB: 1-1-118; NILA: 01.001.082)

[PV-KDV:01_001_80] (Bharata-Ext)

While even the all-knowing Ganesha paused for a moment to consider it, Vyasa composed many other verses. (KUMB: 1-1-119; NILA: 01.001.083)

[PV-KDV:01_001_81] (Bharata-Ext)

I shall describe the growth of that tree—its branches, flowers, and fruit—filled with sweet, wholesome sap and impossible even for the immortals to cut down. (KUMB: 1-1-120; NILA: 01.001.093)

[PV-KDV:01_001_82] (Bharata-Ext)

The closely knit core of the Mahabharata consists of 8,800 verses. Even Lord Ganesha struggled to understand them, indicating the depth and layered nature of their knowledge. “Sanjaya may not understand” alludes to the possibility that an ordinary person may not grasp their full depth.

Dvaipāyana first taught this to his son Śuka; then the master imparted it to other worthy disciples. (BORI: 1-001-63)

[PV-KDV:01_001_83] (Bharata-Ext)

When questioned by Janamejaya and by Brahmins in their thousands, he instructed his disciple Vaishampayana, who was seated nearby. (BORI: 1-001-57)

[PV-KDV:01_001_84] (Bharata-Ext)

Seated with the assembly, he recited the Bharata during intervals in the sacrifice, prompted again and again. (BORI: 1-001-58)

[PV-KDV:01_001_85] (Bharata-Ext)

He composed the Bhārata collection in twenty-four thousand verses; the learned say that this is the extent of the Bhārata without the subsidiary tales. (BORI: 1-001-61)

[PV-KDV:01_001_86] (Bharata-Ext)

Two facts become clear from this verse. First, Vyasa composed the Bharata with only 24,000 verses. Second, the statement that the knowledgeable consider only these 24,000 verses to be the Bharata, excluding the subsidiary texts, indicates a memory of the 24,000-verse text being the original even after its expansion.

After expounding this great body of knowledge at length, the sage also presented it in brief; for learned people in this world value both concise and detailed accounts. (BORI: 1-001-49)

[PV-KDV:01_001_87] (Bharata-Ext)

Some Brahmins study the Bharata properly from the story of Manu onward, others from the story of Astika, and still others from the story of Uparicara. (BORI: 1-001-50)

[PV-KDV:01_001_88] (Bharata-Ext)

The verse alludes to the expansion of the Bhārata, in which the story of Manu, beginning in the current chapter, forms the outermost layer; the Āstīka story forms the middle layer; and the Uparicara story forms the inner core.

The learned illuminate the diverse lore of the compilation; some are skilled at expounding it, while others can commit the text to memory. (BORI: 1-001-51)

[PV-KDV:01_001_89] (Bharata-Ext)

The verse indicates that understanding the layered interpretation of the Mahābhārata is a different skill from merely memorising it.

Then the sage made a further abridgment in one hundred and fifty verses: the Anukramaṇī chapter, covering the events together with their books. (BORI: 1-001-62)

[PV-KDV:01_001_90] (Bharata-Ext)

The reference to 150 verses in the Anukramaṇī chapter alludes to a chapter consisting of only 150 verses.

The learned son of Parāśara, a righteous Brahmarṣi of strict vows, at the behest of his mother and of the wise son of Gaṅgā… (BORI: 1-001-53)

[PV-PAN:01_001_91] (Bharata-Ext)

Long ago, the powerful Krishna Dvaipayana fathered three Kauravas, like three fires, in the field of Vicitravirya. (BORI: 1-001-54)

[PV-PAN:01_001_92] (Bharata-Ext)

After begetting Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and Vidura, the wise man returned once more to his hermitage to practice austerities. (BORI: 1-001-55)

[PV-PAN:01_001_93] (Bharata-Ext)

When they had been born, grown up, and passed on to the highest state, the great seer recounted the Bharata in this human world. (BORI: 1-001-56)

[PV-PAN:01_001_94] (Bharata-Ext)

Dvaipayana gave a full account of the Kuru lineage, Gandhari’s righteousness, the Kshattri’s wisdom, and Kunti’s steadfastness. (BORI: 1-001-59)

[PV-PAN:01_001_95] (Bharata-Ext)

The blessed sage recounted Vasudeva’s greatness, the Pandavas’ truthfulness, and the wicked conduct of Dhritarashtra’s sons. (BORI: 1-001-60)

[PV-PAN:01_001_99] (Bharata-Ext)

Nārada recited it to the gods, Asita Devala to the ancestors, and Śuka recited it to the Gandharvas, Yakṣas, and Rākṣasas. (BORI: 1-001-64)

[PV-PAN:01_001_100] (Bharata-Ext)

Duryodhana is a great tree made of wrath; Karna is its trunk, Shakuni its branches, and Duhshasana its abundant flowers and fruits. Its root is the unwise King Dhritarashtra. (BORI: 1-001-65)

[PV-PAN:01_001_101] (Bharata-Ext)

In Yudhishthira stands the great tree of dharma: Arjuna is its trunk, Bhimasena its branches, and the two sons of Madri its abundant flowers and fruit; Krishna, Brahman, and the Brahmins are its roots. (KUMB: 1-1-129; NILA: 01.001.111)

[PV-PAN:01_001_102] (Bharata-Ext)

Having conquered many lands through warfare and valor, Pandu lived in the forest with his retinue, devoting himself to hunting. (KUMB: 1-1-130; NILA: 01.001.112)

[PV-PAN:01_001_103] (Bharata-Ext)

By killing a deer while it was mating, he met with a grievous calamity. There follows the ordered account of the Pārthas’ conduct and rites from their birth onward… (KUMB: 1-1-131; NILA: 01.001.113)

[PV-PAN:01_001_104] (Bharata-Ext)

The two mothers’ acceptance of the secret teaching on dharma, and how she, desiring sons, invoked Dharma, Anila, and Indra by means of them… (KUMB: 1-1-132)

[PV-PAN:01_001_105] (Bharata-Ext)

Then Pṛthā, dear to her husband and privy to the secret teaching of dharma, invoked Dharma, Wind, and Indra by those means, longing for sons. (KUMB: 1-1-133)

[PV-PAN:01_001_106] (Bharata-Ext)

Madri, having been given that secret formula, also invoked the Ashvins. Thus all the Parthas were born through the mantras of Kunti and Madri, and were raised among ascetics under the protection of their two mothers... (KUMB: 1-1-134)

[PV-PAN:01_001_107] (Bharata-Ext)

in pure and sacred forests and in the hermitages of great sages. When all those noble sons of Pandu had been born, (KUMB: 1-1-135)

[PV-PAN:01_001_108] (Bharata-Ext)

And the coming of Dharma, Vayu, Shakra, and likewise the twin gods, the Ashvins, to the two mothers in accordance with the secret teaching of dharma; (BORI: 1-001-69)

[PV-PAN:01_001_109] (Bharata-Ext)

raised among ascetics and protected by their two mothers in pure, holy forests and in the hermitages of great sages; (BORI: 1-001-70)

[PV-PAN:01_001_110] (Bharata-Ext)

But after having intercourse with Madri, Pandu died on the great and most sacred mountain Shatashringa, through the power of the sage’s curse. (KUMB: 1-1-136)

[PV-PAN:01_001_111] (Bharata-Ext)

The seers themselves then brought them to the sons of Dhritarashtra. They were handsome young boys, celibate students with matted hair. (BORI: 1-001-71)

[PV-PAN:01_001_112] (Bharata-Ext)

“These Pandavas are your sons and brothers, your disciples and friends.” Having said this, the sages vanished. (BORI: 1-001-72)

[PV-PAN:01_001_113] (Bharata-Ext)

Seeing the Pandavas presented by those sages, the Kauravas and the respectable townspeople of every class cried out loudly for joy. (BORI: 1-001-73)

[PV-PAN:01_001_114] (Bharata-Ext)

Some said, “These are not his sons,” while others said, “They are indeed his.” Still others said, “Since Pandu died long ago, how can they be his?” (BORI: 1-001-74)

[PV-PAN:01_001_115] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, at an assembly of kings, Arjuna accomplished an exceedingly difficult feat and won Krishna, the maiden who was choosing her own husband. (BORI: 1-001-82)

[PV-PAN:01_001_123] (Bharata-Ext)

From that time onward, he was honored in this world above all bowmen and became as difficult to look upon as the sun, even in battle. (BORI: 1-001-83)

[PV-PAN:01_001_124] (Bharata-Ext)

Having conquered all the kings and all the great confederacies, Arjuna secured for the king the great Rājasūya sacrifice. (BORI: 1-001-84)

[PV-PAN:01_001_125] (Bharata-Ext)

Yudhishthira accomplished the great Rajasuya sacrifice, abundant in food and sacrificial gifts and endowed with every excellence. (BORI: 1-001-85)

[PV-PAN:01_001_126] (Bharata-Ext)

Through Vasudeva’s wise counsel and the strength of Bhima and Arjuna, after having Jarasandha and the strength-proud Caidya slain… (BORI: 1-001-86)

[PV-PAN:01_001_127] (Bharata-Ext)

Then offerings came to Duryodhana from every quarter: precious stones, gold, and jewels, as well as wealth in cattle, elephants, and horses; (BORI: 1-001-87)

[PV-PAN:01_001_128] (Bharata-Ext)

and garments of various kinds, cloaks and coverings, costly blankets and hides, and coverlets made from the wool of the ranku deer. (KUMB: 1-1-154; NILA: 01.001.133)

[PV-PAN:01_001_129] (Bharata-Ext)

Seeing then the Pāṇḍavas’ abundant prosperity, a tremendous anger born of envy arose in him. (BORI: 1-001-88)

[PV-PAN:01_001_130] (Bharata-Ext)

He was tormented at the sight of the splendid assembly hall, resembling a celestial palace, which Maya had built and presented to the Pandavas. (BORI: 1-001-89)

[PV-PAN:01_001_131] (Bharata-Ext)

where, as he stumbled in confusion, Bhima had laughed at him like a man of low birth, in Vasudeva’s presence. (BORI: 1-001-90)

[PV-PAN:01_001_132] (Bharata-Ext)

Though enjoying many kinds of pleasures and various jewels, he was described to Dhritarashtra as wan, sallow, and emaciated. (BORI: 1-001-91)

[PV-PAN:01_001_133] (Bharata-Ext)

Then Dhritarashtra, devoted to his son, gave permission for the dice game. On hearing this, Vasudeva became exceedingly angry. (BORI: 1-001-92)

[PV-PAN:01_001_134] (Bharata-Ext)

Though not greatly pleased, he condoned the disputes and ignored the dreadful practices beginning with gambling, even as they escalated. (BORI: 1-001-93)

[PV-PAN:01_001_135] (Bharata-Ext)

Casting aside Vidura, Drona, Bhishma, and Kripa, son of Sharadvat, he destroyed the warrior class through mutual slaughter in that tumultuous conflict. (BORI: 1-001-94)

[PV-PAN:01_001_136] (Bharata-Ext)

Hearing the deeply unwelcome news that the sons of Pandu were victorious, and learning the views of Duryodhana, Karna, and Shakuni as well... (BORI: 1-001-95)

[PV-PAN:01_001_137] (Bharata-Ext)

After pondering for a long time, Dhritarashtra said to Sanjaya: (BORI: 1-001-95)

[PV-PAN:01_001_138] (Bharata-Ext)

Listen, Sanjaya, to all that I have to say, and do not find fault with me. You are learned, discerning, intelligent, and esteemed by the wise. (BORI: 1-001-96)

[PV-PAN:01_001_139] (Bharata-Ext)

My mind is not set on conflict, nor do I delight in the destruction of the Kurus. I make no distinction between my own sons and the sons of Pandu. (BORI: 1-001-97)

[PV-PAN:01_001_140] (Bharata-Ext)

My wrathful sons resent me because I am old; but blind and weak-hearted, I endure it out of love for my sons. (BORI: 1-001-98)

[PV-PAN:01_001_141] (Bharata-Ext)

And I share in the delusion of the witless Duryodhana as he goes astray. (BORI: 1-001-98)

[PV-PAN:01_001_142] (Bharata-Ext)

Having seen at the Rājasūya the splendor of the mighty Pāṇḍava and having been subjected to ridicule at the sight of his entrance into the assembly hall... (BORI: 1-001-99)

[PV-PAN:01_001_143] (Bharata-Ext)

Unable to bear it, yet powerless to defeat the Pandavas himself in battle and lacking the resolve to attain such prosperity, like one who was no Kshatriya… (BORI: 1-001-100)

[PV-PAN:01_001_144] (Bharata-Ext)

Together with the king of Gandhara, he planned a deceitful dice game. (BORI: 1-001-100)

[PV-PAN:01_001_145] (Bharata-Ext)

Sanjaya, listen to everything I have learned there, just as it happened. For when you have heard my words, grounded in reason and truth... (BORI: 1-001-101)

[PV-PAN:01_001_146] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, O son of a Suta, you will know me to be what is called “one whose eye is wisdom.” (BORI: 1-001-101)

[PV-PAN:01_001_147] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the bow had been drawn, the wondrous target pierced and brought down to the ground, and Krishna won before the eyes of all the kings, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-102)

[PV-PAX:01_001_148] (Bharata-Ext)

A shift in the language structure, giving the Likely KDV-Style a value of “Low,” indicates a later addition.

When I heard that Arjuna had forcibly carried off Subhadra, the Mādhava princess, in Dvaraka, and that the two Vrishni heroes had gone to Indraprastha, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-103)

[PV-PAX:01_001_149] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Arjuna had checked the lord of the gods, who was pouring down divine arrows, and had also satiated Agni in the Khandava forest, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-104)

[PV-PAX:01_001_150] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the five sons of Pritha had escaped with Kunti from the house of lac, and that Vidura had allied himself with them to secure their interests, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-174; NILA: 01.001.153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_151] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Draupadi had been won by Arjuna in the midst of the arena after he pierced the target, and that the valiant Panchalas and the sons of Pandu were united, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-175; NILA: 01.001.154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_152] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Bhimasena had gone and slain with his bare arms Jarasandha, foremost of the Magadhas, who blazed upon the earth, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-176; NILA: 01.001.155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_153] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the sons of Pandu had forcibly subdued the kings in their conquest of the quarters and performed the great royal sacrifice, the Rajasuya, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (KUMB: 1-1-177; NILA: 01.001.156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_154] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Yudhishthira had been deprived of his kingdom and defeated by Saubala at dice, and that his brothers of immeasurable prowess had followed him, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-105)

[PV-PAX:01_001_155] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Draupadi, her voice choked with tears, distressed, wearing a single garment, and menstruating, had been brought into the assembly—though she had protectors, she was treated as if she had none—then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-106)

[PV-PAX:01_001_156] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the witless rogue Duhshasana had pulled off a heap of garments there and still had not reached the end, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-179; NILA: 01.001.158)

[PV-PAX:01_001_157] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard, dear one, of the many hardships endured by the righteous Pandavas as they set out for the forest and suffered out of love for their eldest brother, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-107)

[PV-PAX:01_001_158] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that thousands of initiated students had followed King Yudhishthira into the forest—great-souled Brahmins who lived on alms—I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-108)

[PV-PAX:01_001_159] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, during their forest exile, the sons of Pritha had associated with ancient great seers, were attended by those sages and their retinues, and had become their friends, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-184)

[PV-PAX:01_001_160] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Arjuna had pleased the three-eyed god of gods, who had assumed the form of a Kirāta, in battle and obtained from him the great Pāśupata weapon, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-109)

[PV-PAX:01_001_161] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Dhanañjaya, dwelling in heaven, was duly learning the renowned divine weapon directly from Śakra, true to his word, I no longer hoped for victory, Sañjaya. (BORI: 1-001-110)

[PV-PAX:01_001_162] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the Kalakeyas and Paulomas, emboldened by a boon and invincible to the gods, had been defeated by Arjuna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-186; NILA: 01.001.164)

[PV-PAX:01_001_163] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the diademed hero, the scourge of his foes, had gone to slay the Asuras and had returned from Śakra’s realm after accomplishing his purpose, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (KUMB: 1-1-187; NILA: 01.001.165)

[PV-PAX:01_001_164] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Pandu’s son had set out on a pilgrimage accompanied by Lomasha, and that he had learned the science of dice from Brihadashva, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-188)

[PV-PAX:01_001_165] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Bhima and the other sons of Pritha had met Vaishravana in that land inaccessible to men, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-111)

[PV-PAX:01_001_166] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that my sons, who had gone on the cattle-inspection expedition and were devoted to Karna’s counsel, had been captured by the Gandharvas and then freed by Arjuna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-112)

[PV-PAX:01_001_167] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard, O Suta, that Dharma, in the form of a Yaksha, had met Dharmaraja and that the questions put were answered correctly, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-113)

[PV-PAX:01_001_168] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that my men did not recognize the sons of Pandu as they lived in disguise in the kingdom of Virata together with Krishna, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-192; NILA: 01.001.169)

[PV-PAX:01_001_169] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the foremost of the Kīcakas had been slain in battle by Bhīmasena, together with his hundred brothers, for Draupadī’s sake, then, Sañjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-193)

[PV-PAX:01_001_170] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the foremost of my men had been routed by Dhananjaya, who, though living in the kingdom of Virata, had done so single-handedly from one chariot, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-114)

[PV-PAX:01_001_171] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the king of Matsya had honorably offered his daughter Uttarā to Arjuna, and that Arjuna had accepted her for his son, then, Sañjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-115)

[PV-PAX:01_001_172] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Yudhishthira—defeated, penniless, driven into exile, and separated from his own people—had seven akshauhinis, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-116)

[PV-PAX:01_001_173] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard Narada say, “Those two, Krishna and Arjuna, are Nara and Narayana; I have always seen them in Brahma’s realm,” I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-117)

[PV-PAX:01_001_174] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Mādhava Vāsudeva had devoted himself entirely to the Pandavas’ cause—he of whom they say that this earth is but a single stride—then I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-118)

[PV-PAX:01_001_175] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Krishna, seeking peace for the welfare of the world, had come to the Kurus, but had departed without achieving his purpose despite his efforts to make peace, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-199; NILA: 01.001.175)

[PV-PAX:01_001_176] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Karna and Duryodhana had resolved to seize Keshava, and that he had manifested himself in many forms, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-119)

[PV-PAX:01_001_177] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, as Vasudeva was departing, the distressed Pritha stood alone before his chariot and was consoled by Keshava, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-120)

[PV-PAX:01_001_178] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Vasudeva was their counselor, as was Bhishma, Shantanu’s son, and that Bharadvaja’s son was uttering blessings, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-121)

[PV-PAX:01_001_179] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Karna had said to Bhishma, “I will not fight while you are fighting,” and had withdrawn, abandoning the army, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-122)

[PV-PAX:01_001_180] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Vasudeva and Arjuna, together with the immeasurable bow Gandiva—three of formidable power—had come together, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-123)

[PV-PAX:01_001_181] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Arjuna, overcome by despair, was sinking down on the chariot seat, and that Krishna revealed the worlds within his body, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-124)

[PV-PAX:01_001_182] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Bhishma, the scourge of his enemies, was destroying ten thousand chariots in battle, yet not one of them who could be seen was being slain, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-125)

[PV-PAX:01_001_183] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the righteous son of Ganga had himself ordained his death in battle, and that the delighted sons of Pandu had brought it about, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-207; NILA: 01.001.183)

[PV-PAX:01_001_184] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the supremely valiant Bhishma, unassailable in battle, had been slain by Partha after placing Shikhandin before him, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-126)

[PV-PAX:01_001_185] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the aged hero Bhishma, after leaving only a few of the Somakas alive, lay struck down by brightly feathered arrows upon a bed of arrows, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-127)

[PV-PAX:01_001_186] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, as Shantanu’s son lay there, Arjuna, bidden to fetch water, pierced the earth and there gave Bhishma drink, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-128)

[PV-PAX:01_001_187] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Venus and the Sun were conjoined, favoring the sons of Kunti in their quest for victory, and that beasts of prey were constantly howling at us, then I had no hope of victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-129)

[PV-PAX:01_001_188] (Bharata-Ext)

When Droṇa, skilled in wondrous warfare, displayed many methods of using weapons in battle yet did not slay the foremost Pāṇḍavas, then, Sañjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-130)

[PV-PAX:01_001_189] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that our mighty chariot-warriors, who had arrayed themselves to bring about Arjuna’s end and had sworn to fight him to the death, were slain by Arjuna, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-131)

[PV-PAX:01_001_190] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the valiant son of Subhadra had broken through the battle formation, impenetrable to others and guarded by the armed son of Bharadvaja, and entered it alone, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-132)

[PV-PAX:01_001_191] (Bharata-Ext)

When all the great chariot-warriors, who were no match for Partha, surrounded and killed the boy Abhimanyu and became jubilant, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-133)

[PV-PAX:01_001_192] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, after killing Abhimanyu, the deluded sons of Dhritarashtra were shouting for joy, and that Arjuna had unleashed his wrath upon the Saindhava, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-134)

[PV-PAX:01_001_193] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Arjuna had vowed to slay the king of Sindhu, and that he had fulfilled that vow in the midst of the enemy, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-135)

[PV-PAX:01_001_194] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, after Dhananjaya’s horses had grown weary, Vasudeva unyoked and watered them, then yoked them again once they had recovered and set out, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-136)

[PV-PAX:01_001_195] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, while the horses were recovering, Arjuna stood on the chariot platform with the Gandiva and held off all the warriors, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-137)

[PV-PAX:01_001_196] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Yuyudhana, the Vrishni hero, had crushed Drona’s battle formation, formidable with its elephant forces, and gone to where Krishna and Partha were, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-138)

[PV-PAX:01_001_197] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Bhima, on encountering Karna, had been spared death after Karna taunted the hero with words and prodded him with the tip of his bow, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-139)

[PV-PAX:01_001_198] (Bharata-Ext)

When Droṇa, Kṛtavarman, Kṛpa, Karṇa, Droṇa’s son, and the valiant king of Madra allowed the Sindhu king to be slain, then, Sañjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-140)

[PV-PAX:01_001_199] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Madhava had caused the divine spear given by the king of the gods to be expended on the terrifying Rākṣasa Ghaṭotkaca, I no longer hoped for victory, Sañjaya. (BORI: 1-001-141)

[PV-PAX:01_001_200] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, in the battle between Karna and Ghatotkacha, the charioteer’s son had discharged the spear with which Savyasachi was to be slain in combat, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-142)

[PV-PAX:01_001_201] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Dhrishtadyumna, transgressing dharma, had slain Drona the preceptor as he sat alone on the platform of his chariot, resolved upon death, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-143)

[PV-PAX:01_001_202] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the Pandava Nakula, Madri’s son, was fighting on equal terms with Drona’s son in single combat before all the world, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-144)

[PV-PAX:01_001_203] (Bharata-Ext)

When, after Drona had been slain, Drona’s son unleashed the divine Narayana weapon yet failed to make an end of the Pandavas, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-145)

[PV-PAX:01_001_204] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Bhimasena had drunk his brother Duhshasana’s blood in battle, and that no one had restrained Bhima, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (KUMB: 1-1-228; NILA: 01.001.204)

[PV-PAX:01_001_205] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the supremely valiant Karna, unassailable in battle, had been slain by Partha in that divinely ordained conflict between the brothers, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-146)

[PV-PAX:01_001_206] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Drona’s son, Kripa, Duhshasana, and the fierce Kritavarman were attacking Yudhishthira while he was alone, then, Sanjaya, I had no hope of victory. (BORI: 1-001-147)

[PV-PAX:01_001_207] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the valiant king of Madra, who always vied with Krishna in battle, had been slain in combat by the righteous king, O Suta, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-148)

[PV-PAX:01_001_208] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the wicked son of Subala, whose strength lay in deceit and who was the root of the quarrel and the dice game, had been slain in battle by the Pandava Sahadeva, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-149)

[PV-PAX:01_001_209] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Duryodhana, exhausted, alone, without his chariot and with his pride broken, had gone to the lake, stilled its waters, and lay there, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-150)

[PV-PAX:01_001_210] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the Pandavas, standing with Vasudeva by the lake on the Ganges, were provoking my irascible son, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-151)

[PV-PAX:01_001_211] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard, dear Sanjaya, that while moving along various courses in a circle during the mace fight, he had been unfairly slain through Vasudeva’s stratagem, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-152)

[PV-PAX:01_001_212] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Drona’s son and the others had killed the Panchalas and the sons of Draupadi in their sleep, committing a hideous and infamous deed, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_213] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that the enraged Ashvatthaman, pursued by Bhimasena, had launched the supreme reed missile with which he killed the fetus, I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (BORI: 1-001-154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_214] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that Arjuna had released the Brahmashiras weapon, that the weapon had been quelled by a weapon with the words “May all be well,” and that Ashvatthaman had surrendered his precious jewel, then, Sanjaya, I no longer hoped for victory. (BORI: 1-001-155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_215] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard that, as Drona’s son was hurling the great weapon at the womb of Virata’s daughter, Dvaipayana and Keshava each cursed Drona’s son in turn… (BORI: 1-001-156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_216] (Bharata-Ext)

When I heard Hari’s promise, “I will restore to life the child in Virata’s daughter’s womb that Drona’s son is destroying with his mighty weapons,” I no longer hoped for victory, Sanjaya. (KUMB: 1-1-239)

[PV-PAX:01_001_217] (Bharata-Ext)

Dvaipayana and Keshava each cursed Drona’s son. Knowing this, O Suta, I am distraught today and grieve, bereft of my sons and grandsons. (KUMB: 1-1-240)

[PV-PAX:01_001_218] (Bharata-Ext)

Gandhari is to be pitied, bereft of her sons and grandsons, as are the widows, bereft of their fathers and brothers. The sons of Pandu have accomplished a difficult task, and they have regained a kingdom free of rivals. (BORI: 1-001-157)

[PV-PAN:01_001_219] (Bharata-Ext)

Alas, I have heard that only ten survived the battle—three on our side and seven on the Pandavas’—while eighteen armies were struck down in that conflict among the Kshatriyas. (BORI: 1-001-158)

[PV-PAN:01_001_220] (Bharata-Ext)

I am engulfed in darkness, and bewilderment seems to overcome me. I cannot regain my senses, Suta; my mind seems to reel. (BORI: 1-001-159)

[PV-PAN:01_001_221] (Bharata-Ext)

Having spoken thus, Dhritarashtra lamented in deep distress and fainted. When he had recovered, he said to Sanjaya: (BORI: 1-001-160)

[PV-PAN:01_001_222] (Bharata-Ext)

Sanjaya, now that matters have come to this, I wish to give up my life without delay, for I see not even the slightest benefit in continuing to live. (BORI: 1-001-161)

[PV-PAN:01_001_223] (Bharata-Ext)

The wretched king, speaking thus and lamenting, sighing like a serpent and repeatedly losing consciousness… (KUMB: 1-1-246; NILA: 01.001.221)

[PV-PAN:01_001_224] (Bharata-Ext)

To the despondent king, who was speaking and lamenting in this way, the wise son of Gavalgana spoke these profoundly significant words: (BORI: 1-001-162)

[PV-PAN:01_001_225] (Bharata-Ext)

Your sons were wicked, inflamed by anger, greedy, and overwhelmingly prone to misconduct. You should not grieve for them. (BORI: 1-001-183)

[PV-PAN:01_001_246] (Bharata-Ext)

You are learned, discerning, intelligent, and esteemed by the wise. Those whose understanding follows the teachings do not fall into delusion, descendant of Bharata. (BORI: 1-001-184)

[PV-PAN:01_001_247] (Bharata-Ext)

You also understand restraint and favor, O king. It is said that one should not go to extremes in protecting one’s sons. (BORI: 1-001-185)

[PV-PAN:01_001_248] (Bharata-Ext)

It was destined to be so; therefore you should not grieve. Who can avert fate through superior wisdom? (BORI: 1-001-186)

[PV-PAN:01_001_249] (Bharata-Ext)

No one can overstep the path ordained by the Creator. All this is rooted in time—existence and nonexistence, happiness and unhappiness. (BORI: 1-001-187)

[PV-PAN:01_001_250] (Bharata-Ext)

Time ripens all beings; time destroys all creatures. And time in turn extinguishes time as it burns up creatures. (BORI: 1-001-188)

[PV-PAN:01_001_251] (Bharata-Ext)

Time transforms all conditions in the world, both good and bad. Time gathers up all creatures and sends them forth again. (BORI: 1-001-189)

[PV-PAN:01_001_252] (Bharata-Ext)

Time keeps watch while others sleep, for Time is difficult to overcome. Time moves impartially among all beings, unhindered. (KUMB: 1-1-275; NILA: 01.001.250)

[PV-PAN:01_001_253] (Bharata-Ext)

Time moves equally among all beings, unchecked. (BORI: 1-001-189)

[PV-PAN:01_001_254] (Bharata-Ext)

The Suta said:

[PV-PAN:01_001_256] (Bharata-Ext)

Having thus consoled King Dhritarashtra, who was tormented by grief for his sons, the Suta, son of Gavalgana, restored him to composure. (KUMB: 1-1-277; NILA: 01.001.252)

[PV-PAN:01_001_257] (Bharata-Ext)

Having heard this, Dhritarashtra too took refuge in fortitude, thinking, “By fate this has come to pass”—that wisest of men. (KUMB: 1-1-278)

[PV-PAN:01_001_258] (Bharata-Ext)

Asceticism is not sinful; study is not sinful; the natural ordinance of the Veda is not sinful; forcibly seizing wealth is not sinful. But those very things are sinful when corrupted by one’s motives. (BORI: 1-001-210)

[PV-PAN:01_001_280] (Bharata-Ext)

Hear the summary of the books of this history of the Bharatas, which is endowed with wisdom and has varied words and sections. (BORI: 1-002-33)

[PV-PAX:01_001_361] (Bharata-Ext)

First comes Parvanukramani, and second Parvasangraha; then Paushya, Pauloma, Astika, and Adivamshavatarana. (BORI: 1-002-34)

[PV-PAX:01_001_362] (Bharata-Ext)

Then the wondrous, divinely fashioned Sambhava Parvan is recounted. Here too are related the burning of the house of lac and the Haidimba Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-35)

[PV-PAX:01_001_363] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the section on the slaying of Baka, followed by the Caitraratha section; then comes the section on the svayaṃvara of the Pāñcāla princess. (BORI: 1-002-36)

[PV-PAX:01_001_364] (Bharata-Ext)

After she had been won in accordance with the warrior code, the Marriage section is recorded, followed by the section on Vidura’s Arrival and likewise the Acquisition of the Kingdom. (BORI: 1-002-37)

[PV-PAX:01_001_365] (Bharata-Ext)

Arjuna’s sojourn in the forest, followed by the Abduction of Subhadra; after the Abduction of Subhadra is the section known as Haranaharika. (BORI: 1-002-38)

[PV-PAX:01_001_366] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the section called the Burning of the Khandava Forest, in which Maya is encountered. Next is the Book of the Assembly Hall, followed by the Book of Counsel. (BORI: 1-002-39)

[PV-PAX:01_001_367] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the section on the slaying of Jarāsandha, followed by the section on the conquest of the quarters. After the conquest of the quarters comes the section on the royal consecration. (BORI: 1-002-40)

[PV-PAX:01_001_368] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Offering of the Arghya, followed by the Slaying of Shishupala. Next is the Book of the Dice Game, and after that comes the Second Dice Game. (BORI: 1-002-41)

[PV-PAX:01_001_369] (Bharata-Ext)

Then come the Āraṇyaka Parva and the slaying of Kirmīra, and the battle between Īśvara and Arjuna in the Parva known as Kairāta. (BORI: 1-002-42)

[PV-PAX:01_001_370] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Book of the Journey to Indra’s Realm, followed by the Book of the wise Kuru king’s Pilgrimage to the Sacred Fords. (BORI: 1-002-43)

[PV-PAX:01_001_371] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section on the slaying of Jatasura, followed by the battle with the Yakshas. Immediately after that comes the section of the great serpent. (BORI: 1-002-44)

[PV-PAX:01_001_372] (Bharata-Ext)

After that comes the parvan concerning the meeting with Markandeya, followed by the parvan on the dialogue between Draupadi and Satyabhama. (BORI: 1-002-45)

[PV-PAX:01_001_373] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Ghoṣayātrā section, then the Terror of the Deer’s Dream; immediately afterward, the tale of the Measure of Rice is related. (BORI: 1-002-46)

[PV-PAX:01_001_374] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the section on Draupadi’s abduction from the forest by the king of Sindhu, followed by the section on the taking of the earrings. (BORI: 1-002-47)

[PV-PAX:01_001_375] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Āraṇeya Parva, followed by the Vairāṭa Parva, the section on the slaying of the Kīcakas, and then the section on the seizure of the cattle. (BORI: 1-002-48)

[PV-PAX:01_001_376] (Bharata-Ext)

The marriage of Virata’s daughter to Abhimanyu is recorded as the Vaivahika Parvan. Thereafter comes the Udyoga Parvan, which should be known as exceedingly wondrous. (BORI: 1-002-49)

[PV-PAX:01_001_377] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section called Sanjaya’s Mission, followed by the section called the Vigil, arising from Dhritarashtra’s anxiety. (BORI: 1-002-50)

[PV-PAX:01_001_378] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Sanatsujata section, the secret teaching on the Self; thereafter, the Yanasandhi section and the Bhagavadyana. (BORI: 1-002-51)

[PV-PAX:01_001_379] (Bharata-Ext)

Here comes the Vivāda Parvan concerning the great-souled Karna, followed by the Niryāṇa Parvan, on the departure of the Kuru and Pandava armies. (BORI: 1-002-52)

[PV-PAX:01_001_380] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section on the enumeration of chariot warriors and great chariot warriors, followed by the section on the arrival of Uluka as envoy, which heightened resentment. (BORI: 1-002-53)

[PV-PAX:01_001_381] (Bharata-Ext)

After that comes the section containing the tale of Amba, followed by the section of Bhishma’s consecration, which had an extraordinary cause. (BORI: 1-002-54)

[PV-PAX:01_001_382] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section describing the formation of Jambūkhanda. Then comes the Bhūmi section, which recounts the extent of the continents. (BORI: 1-002-55)

[PV-PAX:01_001_383] (Bharata-Ext)

The Bhagavad Gita is recounted in a section, followed by the section on Bhishma’s death; Drona’s consecration is recounted in a section, followed by the death of the Samsaptakas. (BORI: 1-002-56)

[PV-PAX:01_001_384] (Bharata-Ext)

The Abhimanyu-vadha Parva and the Pratijna Parva are then named, followed by the Jayadratha-vadha Parva and the Ghatotkaca-vadha Parva. (BORI: 1-002-57)

[PV-PAX:01_001_385] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the terrifying Book of the Slaying of Drona; the following book is called the Deliverance from the Narayana Weapon. (BORI: 1-002-58)

[PV-PAX:01_001_386] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Book of Karna, followed by the Book of Shalya. Then comes the Book of the Entry into the Lake, followed by the Mace Combat. (BORI: 1-002-59)

[PV-PAX:01_001_387] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Sarasvata Parva, which recounts the lineages and virtues of the sacred fords. After that comes the horrifying Sauptika Parva. (BORI: 1-002-60)

[PV-PAX:01_001_388] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the exceedingly terrible Aiṣīka Parvan; after that come the Jalapradānika Parvan and the Strī Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-61)

[PV-PAX:01_001_389] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section on the ancestral rites, the funeral ceremonies of the Kurus, followed by the section on the coronation of the wise King Dharma. (BORI: 1-002-62)

[PV-PAX:01_001_390] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the section on the destruction of the Rakshasa Charvaka, who had assumed the form of a Brahmin, followed by the section on the division of the houses. (BORI: 1-002-63)

[PV-PAX:01_001_391] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Book of Peace, in which the duties of kings are recounted; the duties in times of distress are also set forth there, followed by the duties pertaining to liberation. (BORI: 1-002-64)

[PV-PAX:01_001_392] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the excellent Anuśāsanika Parvan, followed by the Svargārohaṇika Parvan concerning the wise Bhīṣma. (BORI: 1-002-65)

[PV-PAX:01_001_393] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Aśvamedhika Parvan, which destroys all sins. Then comes the Anugītā Parvan, which treats of the self. (BORI: 1-002-66)

[PV-PAX:01_001_394] (Bharata-Ext)

Then the book called Āśramavāsa, together with the Seeing of the Sons; after that, the excellent book called the Arrival of Nārada is recounted here. (BORI: 1-002-67)

[PV-PAX:01_001_395] (Bharata-Ext)

Then the terrible Mausala Parva is recounted, followed by the Mahaprasthanika Parva and the Svargarohanika Parva. (BORI: 1-002-68)

[PV-PAX:01_001_396] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Harivamsha Parvan, a Purana known as a supplement; the great and wondrous Bhavishyat Parvan too is included among the supplements. (BORI: 1-002-69)

[PV-PAX:01_001_397] (Bharata-Ext)

This complete collection of one hundred books was set forth by the great-souled Vyasa and then faithfully repeated by Lomaharshana, the Suta’s son. (BORI: 1-002-70)

[PV-PAX:01_001_398] (Bharata-Ext)

was recounted in the Naimisha Forest; yet there are precisely eighteen books. This is a summary of the Bharata, in which the catalogue of its books was set forth. (BORI: 1-002-71)

[PV-PAX:01_001_399] (Bharata-Ext)

In the Pauṣya Parvan, the greatness of Uttaṅka is described; in the Pauloma, the lineage of Bhṛgu is recounted in detail. (BORI: 1-002-72)

[PV-PAX:01_001_400] (Bharata-Ext)

In the Āstīka Parvan: the origin of all the serpents and of Garuḍa, the churning of the Ocean of Milk, and likewise the birth of Uccaiḥśravas… (BORI: 1-002-73)

[PV-PAX:01_001_401] (Bharata-Ext)

While the king, the son of Parikshit, was performing the snake sacrifice, this tale of the great-souled Bharatas came into being. (BORI: 1-002-74)

[PV-PAX:01_001_402] (Bharata-Ext)

In the Sambhava Parva are related the various births of kings, of other Brahmins, and of the sage Dvaipayana. (BORI: 1-002-75)

[PV-PAX:01_001_403] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too is recounted the partial incarnation of the gods, the Daityas, the Danavas, and the mighty Yakshas... (BORI: 1-002-76)

[PV-PAX:01_001_404] (Bharata-Ext)

and the origins of the Nagas, serpents, Gandharvas, birds, and various other beings. (BORI: 1-002-77)

[PV-PAX:01_001_405] (Bharata-Ext)

The rebirth of the great-souled Vasus through Bhagirathi, and their subsequent ascent from Shantanu’s house to heaven; (BORI: 1-002-78)

[PV-PAX:01_001_406] (Bharata-Ext)

and here, Bhishma’s birth from the combined portions of their radiance, his renunciation of the kingdom, and his steadfast observance of the vow of celibacy; (BORI: 1-002-79)

[PV-PAX:01_001_407] (Bharata-Ext)

and the keeping of his vow; the protection of Citrāṅgada; and, after Citrāṅgada was slain, the protection of his younger brother; (BORI: 1-002-80)

[PV-PAX:01_001_408] (Bharata-Ext)

Vichitravirya’s installation in the kingdom, and Dharma’s birth among men as a result of Aṇī-Māṇḍavya’s curse; (BORI: 1-002-81)

[PV-PAX:01_001_409] (Bharata-Ext)

and his birth through Krishna Dvaipayana, resulting from the granting of a boon; and the births of Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and the Pandavas; (BORI: 1-002-82)

[PV-PAX:01_001_410] (Bharata-Ext)

the journey to Varanavata, Duryodhana’s plot, and, on Vidura’s advice, the undertaking of the tunnel’s construction; (BORI: 1-002-83)

[PV-PAX:01_001_411] (Bharata-Ext)

The Pandavas’ encounter with Hidimba in the dreadful forest and the birth of Ghatotkacha are also recounted here. (BORI: 1-002-84)

[PV-PAX:01_001_412] (Bharata-Ext)

The Pandavas’ life in concealment, their stay in a Brahmin’s house, the slaying of Baka, and the townspeople’s amazement. (BORI: 1-002-85)

[PV-PAX:01_001_413] (Bharata-Ext)

After defeating Aṅgāraparṇa on the bank of the Ganges, Arjuna then set out for the land of the Pañcālas with all his brothers. (BORI: 1-002-86)

[PV-PAX:01_001_414] (Bharata-Ext)

Then the excellent tales of Tapati, Vasishtha, and Aurva, and the wondrous episode of the five Indras, are told here. (BORI: 1-002-87)

[PV-PAX:01_001_415] (Bharata-Ext)

Drupada’s deliberation over the five brothers having a single wife, and Draupadi’s divinely ordained, supernatural marriage; (BORI: 1-002-88)

[PV-PAX:01_001_416] (Bharata-Ext)

Vidura’s arrival, the meeting with Keshava, the dwelling at Khandavaprastha, and the rule over half the kingdom; (BORI: 1-002-89)

[PV-PAX:01_001_417] (Bharata-Ext)

The agreement concerning Draupadi, made at Narada’s command, and the tale of Sunda and Upasunda are recounted there. (BORI: 1-002-90)

[PV-PAX:01_001_418] (Bharata-Ext)

Arjuna’s exile in the forest, his encounter with Ulupi on the way, his journey through the sacred fords, and the birth of Babhruvahana; (BORI: 1-002-91)

[PV-PAX:01_001_419] (Bharata-Ext)

And in Dvaraka, Subhadra, a passionate woman, was won by the diademed one who desired her, with Vasudeva’s consent. (BORI: 1-002-92)

[PV-PAX:01_001_420] (Bharata-Ext)

Krishna, Devaki’s son, arriving after accepting the abduction; the acquisition of the discus and the bow; and the burning of the Khandava Forest. (BORI: 1-002-93)

[PV-PAX:01_001_421] (Bharata-Ext)

the birth of the supremely radiant Abhimanyu to Subhadra; Maya’s escape from the fire and the serpent’s deliverance; and the birth of the great sage Mandapala’s sons to the female Śārṅga bird… (BORI: 1-002-94)

[PV-PAX:01_001_422] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus the first and very extensive book, the Adi Parva, has been recounted. The supremely radiant great seer Vyasa counted two hundred and eighteen chapters. (BORI: 1-002-95)

[PV-PAX:01_001_423] (Bharata-Ext)

The great-souled one found the work to contain seven thousand nine hundred and eighty-four verses. (BORI: 1-002-96)

[PV-PAX:01_001_424] (Bharata-Ext)

The second is called the Sabha Parva and contains many events: the construction of the Pandavas’ assembly hall and the appearance of the Kinkaras... (BORI: 1-002-97)

[PV-PAX:01_001_425] (Bharata-Ext)

Nārada’s account of the halls of the Guardians of the World, which he had seen among the gods; the undertaking of the Rājasūya and likewise the slaying of Jarāsandha; (BORI: 1-002-98)

[PV-PAX:01_001_426] (Bharata-Ext)

Krishna’s release of the kings imprisoned at Girivraja, and the slaying of Shishupala during the dispute over the offering of honor at the Rajasuya sacrifice. (BORI: 1-002-99)

[PV-PAX:01_001_427] (Bharata-Ext)

and Bhima’s ridicule, on the floor of the assembly hall, of Duryodhana, who was filled with grief and indignation upon seeing that magnificence at the sacrifice; (BORI: 1-002-100)

[PV-PAX:01_001_428] (Bharata-Ext)

where his anger arose, prompting him to arrange the dice game; where Śakuni the gambler defeated the son of Dharma at dice; (BORI: 1-002-101)

[PV-PAX:01_001_429] (Bharata-Ext)

There Draupadi rescued them when they were sinking in the ocean of gambling, like a boat bearing men out of the sea. Knowing that they had reached safety, King Duryodhana then challenged the Pandavas to another game of dice. (BORI: 1-002-102)

[PV-PAX:01_001_430] (Bharata-Ext)

All this is related in the Sabha Parva by the great sage. It should be known to contain seventy-two chapters in all. (BORI: 1-002-103)

[PV-PAX:01_001_431] (Bharata-Ext)

In this Parvan, the number of verses is said to be two thousand five hundred and eleven. (BORI: 1-002-104)

[PV-PAX:01_001_432] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the third, the great Āraṇyaka, including the citizens’ following of the wise son of Dharma. (BORI: 1-002-105)

[PV-PAX:01_001_433] (Bharata-Ext)

where the Vrishnis and all the Panchalas arrived; where the destruction of Saubha and the slaying of Kirmira are recounted; and where the immensely powerful Partha went away to obtain weapons... (BORI: 1-002-106)

[PV-PAX:01_001_434] (Bharata-Ext)

the battle with Mahadeva in the form of a Kirata, the vision of the guardians of the worlds, and the ascent to heaven; (BORI: 1-002-107)

[PV-PAX:01_001_435] (Bharata-Ext)

The arrival of the great sage Brihadashva, whose spirit was disciplined, and the afflicted Yudhishthira’s lamentation in his misfortune... (BORI: 1-002-108)

[PV-PAX:01_001_436] (Bharata-Ext)

And here too, the deeply righteous and moving tale of Nala, in which Damayanti remained steadfast when misfortune befell Nala; (BORI: 1-002-109)

[PV-PAX:01_001_437] (Bharata-Ext)

Lomasha also told the great-souled Pandavas, then living in forest exile, of Arjuna’s activities in heaven. (BORI: 1-002-110)

[PV-PAX:01_001_438] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too are recounted the pilgrimage of the great-hearted Pandavas and the slaying of Jatasura. (BORI: 1-002-111)

[PV-PAX:01_001_439] (Bharata-Ext)

Bhimasena was also charged by Draupadi on Gandhamadana, where he forced his way into that lotus pond in search of mandara blossoms. (BORI: 1-002-112)

[PV-PAX:01_001_440] (Bharata-Ext)

where he fought a tremendous battle with the Rakshasas and with the immensely powerful Yakshas, led by Manimat. (BORI: 1-002-113)

[PV-PAX:01_001_441] (Bharata-Ext)

and also the tale of Agastya, including his eating of Vatapi and the sage’s union with Lopamudra for the sake of offspring; (BORI: 1-002-114)

[PV-PAX:01_001_442] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, immediately afterward, the episode of the hawk and the dove, in which Indra, Agni, and Dharma sought to test King Shibi… (BORI: 1-002-115)

[PV-PAX:01_001_443] (Bharata-Ext)

the story of Ṛśyaśṛṅga, who had been celibate from boyhood, and the story of the immensely powerful Jāmadagnya Rāma; (BORI: 1-002-116)

[PV-PAX:01_001_444] (Bharata-Ext)

where the slaying of Kārtavīrya and the Haihayas is related, as well as the tale of Sukanyā, in which Cyavana, the descendant of Bhṛgu... (BORI: 1-002-117)

[PV-PAX:01_001_445] (Bharata-Ext)

where, at Śaryāti’s sacrifice, Cyavana made the two Nāsatyas drinkers of Soma, and where that sage was restored to youth by them; (BORI: 1-002-118)

[PV-PAX:01_001_446] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too is told the story of Jantu, in which King Somaka sacrificed his son in order to have sons and obtained a hundred sons. (BORI: 1-002-119)

[PV-PAX:01_001_447] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too is the tale of Aṣṭāvakra, in which the sage defeated Bandin in debate and recovered his father, who had gone to the ocean. (BORI: 1-002-120)

[PV-PAX:01_001_448] (Bharata-Ext)

Having obtained divine weapons for his preceptor, Savyasachin’s battle with the Nivatakavachas, the inhabitants of Hiranyapura… (BORI: 1-002-121)

[PV-PAX:01_001_449] (Bharata-Ext)

Pārtha’s reunion with his brothers on Gandhamādana, and the expedition to the cattle station, during which the Diademed One fought the Gandharvas; (BORI: 1-002-122)

[PV-PAX:01_001_450] (Bharata-Ext)

and their return once more to the lake in Dvaitavana, and Jayadratha’s abduction of Draupadi from the hermitage; (BORI: 1-002-123)

[PV-PAX:01_001_451] (Bharata-Ext)

where Bhima, as swift as the wind, pursued him; and the various tales in the meeting with Markandeya... (BORI: 1-002-124)

[PV-PAX:01_001_452] (Bharata-Ext)

Krishna’s visit and the dialogue with Satya; the Tale of the Measure of Rice, and likewise the tale of Indradyumna; (BORI: 1-002-125)

[PV-PAX:01_001_453] (Bharata-Ext)

The tales of Sāvitrī and Uddālaka, the account of Vainya, and the extensive Rāmāyaṇa narrative are also found here. (BORI: 1-002-126)

[PV-PAX:01_001_454] (Bharata-Ext)

Here are the stripping of Karna’s earrings from him by Purandara and the Āraṇeya episode, in which Dharma instructed his son and the Pandavas, having received boons, went westward. (BORI: 1-002-127)

[PV-PAX:01_001_455] (Bharata-Ext)

This Forest Book is declared to be the third. The great seer has counted in it two hundred and sixty-nine chapters. (BORI: 1-002-128)

[PV-PAX:01_001_456] (Bharata-Ext)

This book is said to contain eleven thousand six hundred and sixty-four verses. (BORI: 1-002-129)

[PV-PAX:01_001_457] (Bharata-Ext)

Now hear the detailed account of the Virata Parva. On reaching Virata’s city, the Pandavas saw a great shami tree in the cremation ground and placed their weapons there. (BORI: 1-002-130)

[PV-PAX:01_001_458] (Bharata-Ext)

where they entered the city and lived in disguise, and where the evil-minded Kichaka was slain by Vrikodara. (BORI: 1-002-131)

[PV-PAX:01_001_459] (Bharata-Ext)

where, during the cattle raid, the Kauravas were defeated in battle by Pārtha, and Virāṭa’s cattle were rescued by the Pāṇḍavas; (BORI: 1-002-132)

[PV-PAX:01_001_460] (Bharata-Ext)

where Virata gave Uttara, with Abhimanyu—the son of Subhadra and slayer of foes—in view, to become the daughter-in-law of the diademed Arjuna. (BORI: 1-002-133)

[PV-PAX:01_001_461] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus has the extensive fourth book, the Virāṭa Book, been recounted. Here too, the great sage has enumerated the chapters... (BORI: 1-002-134)

[PV-PAX:01_001_462] (Bharata-Ext)

There are sixty-seven chapters in all. Now hear from me the total number of verses: in this Parvan, the supreme seer has enumerated exactly two thousand and fifty verses. (BORI: 1-002-135)

[PV-PAX:01_001_463] (Bharata-Ext)

Next, the listener should know the fifth book as the Udyoga Parvan. When the Pandavas had encamped at Upaplavya, intent on victory, Duryodhana and Arjuna both approached Vasudeva. (BORI: 1-002-136)

[PV-PAX:01_001_464] (Bharata-Ext)

“You should aid both of us in this war.” When these words had been spoken, the wise Krishna replied: (BORI: 1-002-137)

[PV-PAX:01_001_465] (Bharata-Ext)

O bulls among men, which shall I give to which of you: myself as a noncombatant adviser, or an akshauhini of troops? (BORI: 1-002-138)

[PV-PAX:01_001_466] (Bharata-Ext)

The foolish, misguided Duryodhana chose the army, while Dhananjaya chose Krishna as his noncombatant adviser. (BORI: 1-002-139)

[PV-PAX:01_001_467] (Bharata-Ext)

where the valiant King Dhritarashtra sent Sanjaya as an envoy to the Pandavas to seek peace; (BORI: 1-002-140)

[PV-PAX:01_001_468] (Bharata-Ext)

where, on hearing of the Pandavas led by Vasudeva, Dhritarashtra became sleepless with anxiety; (BORI: 1-002-141)

[PV-PAX:01_001_469] (Bharata-Ext)

where Vidura addressed wise King Dhritarashtra with words both varied and salutary, (BORI: 1-002-142)

[PV-PAX:01_001_470] (Bharata-Ext)

and likewise where King Dhritarashtra, tormented in mind and overwhelmed with grief, was taught the supreme doctrine of the self by Sanatsujata; (BORI: 1-002-143)

[PV-PAX:01_001_471] (Bharata-Ext)

where, at dawn in the royal assembly, Sanjaya proclaimed the oneness of the two lords, Vasudeva and Arjuna; (BORI: 1-002-144)

[PV-PAX:01_001_472] (Bharata-Ext)

where the greatly renowned Krishna, moved by compassion and desiring peace, himself came to the city named after the elephants to make peace; (BORI: 1-002-145)

[PV-PAX:01_001_473] (Bharata-Ext)

and King Duryodhana’s rejection of Krishna as he pleaded for peace for the good of both sides; (BORI: 1-002-146)

[PV-PAX:01_001_474] (Bharata-Ext)

where Krishna, learning of the wicked plot devised by Karna, Duryodhana, and the others, displayed his mastery of yoga before the kings; (BORI: 1-002-147)

[PV-PAX:01_001_475] (Bharata-Ext)

where Krishna had Karna mount his chariot and made a diplomatic appeal to him, but Karna, out of proud resolve, refused him; (BORI: 1-002-148)

[PV-PAX:01_001_476] (Bharata-Ext)

Then also the departure from the city of Hastinapura of the chariots, horses, men, and elephants, and the enumeration of the forces… (BORI: 1-002-149)

[PV-PAX:01_001_477] (Bharata-Ext)

in which the king sent the harsh-speaking envoy Uluka to the Pandavas on the eve of the great battle, along with the enumeration of chariot warriors and great chariot warriors and the tale of Amba. (BORI: 1-002-150)

[PV-PAX:01_001_478] (Bharata-Ext)

This fifth book of the Bharata, rich in many events and concerned with peace and war, is designated the Book of Effort. (BORI: 1-002-151)

[PV-PAX:01_001_479] (Bharata-Ext)

The number of chapters here is said to be one hundred and eighty-six. There are six thousand verses and six hundred more... (BORI: 1-002-152)

[PV-PAX:01_001_480] (Bharata-Ext)

And a further ninety-eight verses are said to have been composed in this Parvan by the great-souled, noble-minded Vyasa, O ascetics. (BORI: 1-002-153)

[PV-PAX:01_001_481] (Bharata-Ext)

Next they recount the Bhishma Parva, rich in varied themes, in which Sanjaya describes the formation of the continent of Jambu. (BORI: 1-002-154)

[PV-PAX:01_001_482] (Bharata-Ext)

where a dreadful and exceedingly fierce battle raged for ten days, and where Yudhishthira’s army fell into utter despair. (BORI: 1-002-155)

[PV-PAX:01_001_483] (Bharata-Ext)

where the wise Vasudeva dispelled Partha’s delusion, born of bewilderment, with arguments revealing the path to liberation; (BORI: 1-002-156)

[PV-PAX:01_001_484] (Bharata-Ext)

where the mighty archer Partha, placing Shikhandin in the forefront, struck Bhishma with sharp arrows and brought him down from his chariot. (BORI: 1-002-157)

[PV-PAX:01_001_485] (Bharata-Ext)

This is declared to be the sixth great book of the Bharata. Its chapters are said to number one hundred and seventeen. (BORI: 1-002-158)

[PV-PAX:01_001_486] (Bharata-Ext)

In this Parvan, the Veda-knowing Vyasa has reckoned 5,884 verses in the Bhishma Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-159)

[PV-PAX:01_001_487] (Bharata-Ext)

Then comes the Drona Parva, wondrous and rich in events, in which the Samsaptakas drew Partha away from the battlefield. (BORI: 1-002-160)

[PV-PAX:01_001_488] (Bharata-Ext)

where King Bhagadatta, equal to Indra in battle, was slain by Kirīṭin together with his elephant Supratika; (BORI: 1-002-161)

[PV-PAX:01_001_489] (Bharata-Ext)

where many of the world’s great chariot-warriors, led by Jayadratha, killed the valiant boy Abhimanyu before he had reached manhood; (BORI: 1-002-162)

[PV-PAX:01_001_490] (Bharata-Ext)

where, after Abhimanyu was slain, the enraged Partha destroyed seven akshauhinis in battle and slew King Jayadratha, and the remaining Samsaptakas were utterly annihilated in the fight. (BORI: 1-002-163)

[PV-PAX:01_001_491] (Bharata-Ext)

Alambusa, Shrutayus, valiant Jalasandha, Somadatta’s son, Virata, Drupada the great chariot-warrior, Ghatotkacha, and others were slain in the Drona Parvan. (BORI: 1-002-164)

[PV-PAX:01_001_492] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too, when Drona had fallen in battle, the enraged Ashvatthaman unleashed the terrible Narayana weapon. (BORI: 1-002-165)

[PV-PAX:01_001_493] (Bharata-Ext)

This great seventh book of the Bharata has been recounted. In it, those valiant kings—bulls among men who were named in the Drona Parvan—mostly met their deaths. (BORI: 1-002-166)

[PV-PAX:01_001_494] (Bharata-Ext)

It is said to contain one hundred and seventy chapters, and eight thousand nine hundred verses... (BORI: 1-002-167)

[PV-PAX:01_001_495] (Bharata-Ext)

and nine verses have likewise been counted here in the Drona Parva by the truth-seeing sage Parasharya, after careful consideration. (BORI: 1-002-168)

[PV-PAX:01_001_496] (Bharata-Ext)

Next is related the supremely marvelous Book of Karna, including the appointment of the wise king of Madra as charioteer and the ancient account of the destruction of Tripura. (BORI: 1-002-169)

[PV-PAX:01_001_497] (Bharata-Ext)

Here too is the harsh exchange between Karna and Shalya as they set out, and the tale of the swan and the crow, replete with taunts. (BORI: 1-002-170)

[PV-PAX:01_001_498] (Bharata-Ext)

the anger that Yudhishthira and Kirīṭin bore toward one another, and where the mighty chariot-warrior Karna was slain by Partha in single combat. (BORI: 1-002-171)

[PV-PAX:01_001_499] (Bharata-Ext)

Those versed in the Bharata designate this as the eighth book. The Karna Book is said to contain sixty-nine chapters and four thousand nine hundred verses, as well as… (BORI: 1-002-172)

[PV-PAX:01_001_500] (Bharata-Ext)

Next is the Śalya Parva, renowned for its remarkable contents. When the army’s foremost warriors had been slain, the king of Madra became its commander. (BORI: 1-002-173)

[PV-PAX:01_001_501] (Bharata-Ext)

There the chariot battles that took place are recounted in detail, and the destruction of the foremost Kurus is related in the Book of Shalya. (BORI: 1-002-174)

[PV-PAX:01_001_502] (Bharata-Ext)

Also recounted here are Shalya’s death at the hands of the mighty chariot-warrior Dharmaraja, the tumultuous mace battle, and the sanctity of the sacred fords of the Sarasvati. (BORI: 1-002-175)

[PV-PAX:01_001_503] (Bharata-Ext)

This is designated the ninth book, marvelous and rich in meaning. Its fifty-nine chapters, by experts in reckoning… (BORI: 1-002-176)

[PV-PAX:01_001_504] (Bharata-Ext)

They have been counted and contain many events. The total number of verses here is stated to be three thousand two hundred and twenty, composed by the sage concerning the illustrious Kauravas. (BORI: 1-002-177)

[PV-PAX:01_001_505] (Bharata-Ext)

Next I shall relate the dreadful Book of the Sleeping Warriors, in which the implacable king Duryodhana lay with his thighs shattered. (BORI: 1-002-178)

[PV-PAX:01_001_506] (Bharata-Ext)

After the Pārthas had departed, those three chariot-warriors—Kṛtavarman, Kṛpa, and Droṇa’s son—arrived at evening, spattered with blood. (BORI: 1-002-179)

[PV-PAX:01_001_507] (Bharata-Ext)

There the mighty warrior Drona’s son, implacable in his wrath, vowed, “I will not take off my armor until I have killed all the Panchalas, led by Dhrishtadyumna, and the Pandavas together with their ministers.” (BORI: 1-002-180)

[PV-PAX:01_001_508] (Bharata-Ext)

where those bulls among men, led by Droṇa’s son, slew the sleeping, unsuspecting Pāñcālas and their retinues at night; (BORI: 1-002-181)

[PV-PAX:01_001_509] (Bharata-Ext)

where those five sons of Pritha and the mighty archer Satyaki escaped through the protection of Krishna’s power, while all the rest met their deaths. (BORI: 1-002-182)

[PV-PAX:01_001_510] (Bharata-Ext)

where Draupadi, tormented by grief for her sons and afflicted by the slaying of her father and brother, resolved to fast and sat down beside her husbands; (BORI: 1-002-183)

[PV-PAX:01_001_511] (Bharata-Ext)

where, at Draupadi’s words, Bhima of terrible prowess furiously pursued Bharadvaja’s descendant, the preceptor’s son. (BORI: 1-002-184)

[PV-PAX:01_001_512] (Bharata-Ext)

There, driven by fate and afraid of Bhimasena, Drona’s son angrily released the weapon, crying, “For the annihilation of the Pandavas!” (BORI: 1-002-185)

[PV-PAX:01_001_513] (Bharata-Ext)

where Krishna said, “Do not do so,” countering those words of his, and where Phalguna neutralized that weapon with a weapon. (BORI: 1-002-186)

[PV-PAX:01_001_514] (Bharata-Ext)

the curses that Drona’s son, Dvaipayana, and the others laid upon one another; and, at the water rite in which water was offered for all the kings, … (BORI: 1-002-187)

[PV-PAX:01_001_515] (Bharata-Ext)

The story of Karna, Pritha’s own son, who was secretly born, is also told here. This is the tenth book, called Sauptika. (BORI: 1-002-188)

[PV-PAX:01_001_516] (Bharata-Ext)

In this book, eighteen chapters have been declared by the great-souled one. The total number of verses here is said to be eight hundred, and also… (BORI: 1-002-189)

[PV-PAX:01_001_517] (Bharata-Ext)

And seventy verses have been declared in the proper count by the sage of immeasurable intellect in the book comprising the Sauptika and Aiṣīka. (BORI: 1-002-190)

[PV-PAX:01_001_518] (Bharata-Ext)

After this, they speak of the Strī Parvan, which evokes compassion, where the exceedingly sorrowful lament of the warriors’ wives is recounted, as well as the fury and reconciliation of Gāndhārī and Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (BORI: 1-002-191)

[PV-PAX:01_001_519] (Bharata-Ext)

where they saw their sons, brothers, and fathers—those heroic Kshatriyas who never turned back and had met their appointed end—slain in battle. (BORI: 1-002-192)

[PV-PAX:01_001_520] (Bharata-Ext)

where the exceedingly wise king, foremost of all upholders of dharma, had the bodies of those kings cremated according to prescribed rites; (BORI: 1-002-193)

[PV-PAX:01_001_521] (Bharata-Ext)

This great and deeply moving eleventh Parva has thus been described. Twenty-seven chapters are contained in this Parva. (BORI: 1-002-194)

[PV-PAX:01_001_522] (Bharata-Ext)

The verses here are said to number seven hundred and seventy-five. Here the great-souled author composed the narrative of the Bharatas, which makes tears flow from the anguish of good people’s hearts. (BORI: 1-002-195)

[PV-PAX:01_001_523] (Bharata-Ext)

After this comes the twelfth book, the understanding-enhancing Śānti Parvan, in which King Yudhiṣṭhira became despondent after causing fathers, brothers, sons, relations, and kinsmen to be killed. (BORI: 1-002-196)

[PV-PAX:01_001_524] (Bharata-Ext)

In the Book of Peace are expounded the duties taught from the bed of arrows, which kings seeking a proper understanding of statecraft should know. (BORI: 1-002-197)

[PV-PAX:01_001_525] (Bharata-Ext)

There too are set forth the laws for times of distress, showing the causes arising from particular circumstances; by fully understanding them, a man may attain omniscience. The diverse and extensively elaborated teachings on liberation are also related. (BORI: 1-002-198)

[PV-PAX:01_001_526] (Bharata-Ext)

This, beloved of the wise, has been designated the twelfth book. Know that it contains three hundred chapters, together with another thirty-nine, O treasures of asceticism. (BORI: 1-002-199)

[PV-PAX:01_001_527] (Bharata-Ext)

Fourteen thousand five hundred and twenty-five verses are said to have been recited. (BORI: 1-002-200)

[PV-PAX:01_001_528] (Bharata-Ext)

Next is to be known the excellent Anushasana, in which Yudhishthira, king of the Kurus, returned to his normal state after hearing the definitive exposition of dharma from Bhishma, son of Bhagirathi. (BORI: 1-002-201)

[PV-PAX:01_001_529] (Bharata-Ext)

Here the practice relating to righteousness and wealth is set forth in full, as are the various rewards attached to different kinds of gifts; (BORI: 1-002-202)

[PV-PAX:01_001_530] (Bharata-Ext)

Likewise, the distinctions among worthy recipients, the highest rule governing gifts, the observance of prescribed conduct, and the supreme end of truth; (BORI: 1-002-203)

[PV-PAX:01_001_531] (Bharata-Ext)

This excellent book of instruction contains a great many accounts; here too is recounted Bhishma’s attainment of heaven. (BORI: 1-002-204)

[PV-PAX:01_001_532] (Bharata-Ext)

This is the thirteenth book, which settles matters of dharma. It contains exactly one hundred and forty-six chapters and six thousand seven hundred verses. (BORI: 1-002-205)

[PV-PAX:01_001_533] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the fourteenth book, called the Aśvamedhika, containing the unsurpassed account of Saṃvarta and Marutta. (BORI: 1-002-206)

[PV-PAX:01_001_534] (Bharata-Ext)

The acquisition of the treasury of gold and the birth of Parikshit are recounted, as is his restoration to life by Krishna after he had been burned by the weapon’s fire. (BORI: 1-002-207)

[PV-PAX:01_001_535] (Bharata-Ext)

the Pāṇḍava’s battles here and there with hot-tempered princes as he followed the horse released to wander freely; (BORI: 1-002-208)

[PV-PAX:01_001_536] (Bharata-Ext)

Here Dhananjaya was placed in mortal danger in battle by Babhruvahana, the son of Chitrangada, an appointed daughter; and, at the great horse sacrifice, there is also the tale of the mongoose. (BORI: 1-002-209)

[PV-PAX:01_001_537] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus has this most wondrous Book of the Horse Sacrifice been recounted. In it, one hundred and thirty-three chapters are specified. (BORI: 1-002-210)

[PV-PAX:01_001_538] (Bharata-Ext)

Three thousand three hundred and twenty verses were counted by the knower of truth. (BORI: 1-002-211)

[PV-PAX:01_001_539] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the fifteenth book, known as Āśramavāsa, in which King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, accompanied by Gāndhārī, renounced the kingdom and departed with Vidura for a hermitage. (BORI: 1-002-212)

[PV-PAX:01_001_540] (Bharata-Ext)

Seeing him depart, the virtuous Pritha followed him then, relinquishing her sons’ kingdom and devoting herself to serving her elders. (BORI: 1-002-213)

[PV-PAX:01_001_541] (Bharata-Ext)

where the king saw his slain sons and grandsons, as well as other heroic kings who had passed into another world, return once more. (BORI: 1-002-214)

[PV-PAX:01_001_542] (Bharata-Ext)

By the grace of the sage Krishna, he witnessed an unsurpassed marvel, cast off his grief, and together with his wife attained the highest perfection. (BORI: 1-002-215)

[PV-PAX:01_001_543] (Bharata-Ext)

where Vidura, adhering to righteousness, attained a blessed state, as did the learned Sanjaya, the self-controlled son of Gavalgana and great official. (BORI: 1-002-216)

[PV-PAX:01_001_544] (Bharata-Ext)

where King Yudhishthira saw Narada and heard from him of the great slaughter of the Vrishnis. (BORI: 1-002-217)

[PV-PAX:01_001_545] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus has been told the exceedingly wondrous book called Āśramavāsa. By count, this book contains forty-two chapters. (BORI: 1-002-218)

[PV-PAX:01_001_546] (Bharata-Ext)

One thousand five hundred and six verses have been counted by one who knows the truth. (BORI: 1-002-219)

[PV-PAX:01_001_547] (Bharata-Ext)

Next, hear of this dreadful Mausala Parvan, in which those tigers among men, able to withstand the blows of weapons in battle, were crushed by Brahma’s rod near the salt sea… (BORI: 1-002-220)

[PV-PAX:01_001_548] (Bharata-Ext)

At a drinking party, maddened by drink and driven on by fate, they slew one another with thunderbolts in the form of eraka reeds. (BORI: 1-002-221)

[PV-PAX:01_001_549] (Bharata-Ext)

where, after bringing about the destruction of all, those two, Rama and Keshava, did not escape Time when it came, the impartial destroyer of all; (BORI: 1-002-222)

[PV-PAX:01_001_550] (Bharata-Ext)

where Arjuna, the bull among men, came to Dvaravati, now bereft of the Vrishnis, and at the sight of it sank into despondency and profound anguish; (BORI: 1-002-223)

[PV-PAX:01_001_551] (Bharata-Ext)

After paying due honor to Śauri, the foremost of the Yadus and his maternal uncle, he saw the great slaughter of the Yadu heroes at their drinking bout. (BORI: 1-002-224)

[PV-PAX:01_001_552] (Bharata-Ext)

He had the bodies of Vasudeva and the great-souled Rama, as well as those of the foremost Vrishnis, given their funeral rites. (BORI: 1-002-225)

[PV-PAX:01_001_553] (Bharata-Ext)

Then, taking the old people and children away from Dvaravati, he witnessed, in a dire calamity, the failure of Gandiva... (BORI: 1-002-226)

[PV-PAX:01_001_554] (Bharata-Ext)

the failure of all the divine weapons, the destruction of the Vṛṣṇi women, and the impermanence of power… (BORI: 1-002-227)

[PV-PAX:01_001_555] (Bharata-Ext)

Seeing this, he became disillusioned and, urged by Vyasa’s words, would approach Dharmaraja and propose renunciation. (BORI: 1-002-228)

[PV-PAX:01_001_556] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus the Mausala Parva, the sixteenth book, has been recounted. Eight chapters have been enumerated, comprising three hundred verses... (BORI: 1-002-229)

[PV-PAX:01_001_557] (Bharata-Ext)

After that, the Mahaprasthanika is remembered as the seventeenth book, in which the Pandavas, bulls among men, relinquished their kingdom and, together with the divine Draupadi, attained the highest perfection. (BORI: 1-002-230)

[PV-PAX:01_001_558] (Bharata-Ext)

Here three chapters are said to contain one hundred and twenty verses, as counted by the seer of truth. (BORI: 1-002-231)

[PV-PAX:01_001_559] (Bharata-Ext)

Next comes the Svarga Parva, divine and superhuman. This parva is reckoned to contain five chapters. Two hundred verses have also been counted, O ascetics… (BORI: 1-002-232)

[PV-PAX:01_001_560] (Bharata-Ext)

Thus these eighteen books have been described in full; the Harivamsha and the Bhavishya have also been recounted among the supplementary books. (BORI: 1-002-233)

[PV-PAX:01_001_561] (Bharata-Ext)

This entire Bhārata has been set forth through the summary of its books. Eighteen armies assembled, eager for battle, and that great and terrible war lasted eighteen days. (BORI: 1-002-234)

[PV-PAN:01_001_562] (Bharata-Ext)

A twice-born man who knew the four Vedas, together with their ancillary disciplines and the Upanishads, but did not know this narrative, would not be truly learned. (BORI: 1-002-235)

[PV-KDV:01_001_563] (Bharata-Ext)

After hearing this tale, one takes no pleasure in hearing any other—just as, after hearing the male cuckoo’s song, one finds the crow’s harsh voice unpleasing. (BORI: 1-002-236)

[PV-PAN:01_001_564] (Bharata-Ext)

From this finest of histories arise the inspirations of poets, just as the three realms of the world arise from the five elements. (BORI: 1-002-237)

[PV-PAN:01_001_565] (Bharata-Ext)

The Purana lies within the compass of this narrative, O twice-born ones, just as the four kinds of creatures dwell within the realm of space. (BORI: 1-002-238)

[PV-PAN:01_001_566] (Bharata-Ext)

This narrative is the basis of all actions and qualities, just as the manifold activity of the mind is the basis of all the senses. (BORI: 1-002-239)

[PV-KDV:01_001_567] (Bharata-Ext)

No tale exists on earth that does not draw upon this narrative, just as the body cannot be sustained without food. (BORI: 1-002-240)

[PV-KDV:01_001_568] (Bharata-Ext)

All the finest poets draw sustenance from this narrative, just as servants seeking advancement depend upon a noble lord. (BORI: 1-002-241)

[PV-PAN:01_001_569] (Bharata-Ext)

What need has one who listens to the immeasurable, holy, purifying, sin-destroying, and auspicious Bharata as it is recited—issued from Dvaipayana’s lips—to bathe in the waters of Pushkara? (BORI: 1-002-242)

[PV-PAN:01_001_570] (Bharata-Ext)

This great, unsurpassed narrative, profound in meaning, has been set out here in a summary of its books. Once people have heard this at the outset, it becomes easy for them to enter, like the vast ocean of salt water with a boat. (BORI: 1-002-243)

[PV-KDV:01_001_571] (Bharata-Ext)

Opening invocations praise

Ugraśravas arrives at Śaunaka's Naimiṣa sacrifice

The sages request the nrration of Krishna Dvaipāyana Vyasa's Bhārata

Sūta starts narration with an invocation to the Primal Person

The purpose of Bharata: The threefold mystery, the application of the Vedas, full understanding of Dharma, Artha, and Kama

The Gaṇeśa Episode — An Allegory Signalling Multiple Layers of Meaning and a Concise Core of 8,800 Verses

The Bhārata, Without the Subsidiary Tales, Contains Only 24,000 Verses

Anukramaṇī - table to contents

Dhṛtarāṣṭra repeatedly recalls pre-war events that destroyed his hope for victory

Anukramaṇī - table to contents

Sanjaya’s advice.

The Parva-saṅgraha - 100 Parva system.

The Ādi-parvan summary.

The Sabhā-parvan summary.

The Āraṇyaka Parva summary.

The Virāṭa Parva summary.

The Udyoga Parvan summary.

The Bhīṣma-parvan summary.

The Droṇa-parvan summary.

The Karṇa-parvan summary.

The Śalya-parvan summary.

The Sauptika-Aiṣīka summary.

The Strī-parvan summary.

The Śānti-parvan summary.

The Anuśāsana-parvan summary.

The Aśvamedhika Parva summary.

The Āśramavāsika summary.

The Mausala summary.

The Mahaprasthanika summary.

the Svarga Parva summary

Harivamsha and the Bhavishya are supplementary books.

End of introduction with praise for Bharata