03.201
मार्कण्डेय उवाच॥
Markandeya said.
एवमुक्तस्तु विप्रेण धर्मव्याधो युधिष्ठिर। प्रत्युवाच यथा विप्रं तच्छृणुष्व नराधिप ॥०३-२०१-१॥
Thus, when addressed by the brāhmaṇa, the righteous hunter Yudhiṣṭhira replied as follows to the brāhmaṇa; listen to that, O king. (03-201-1)
व्याध उवाच॥
The hunter said.
विज्ञानार्थं मनुष्याणां मनः पूर्वं प्रवर्तते। तत्प्राप्य कामं भजते क्रोधं च द्विजसत्तम ॥०३-२०१-२॥
For the sake of knowledge, the mind of men first acts. After attaining it, it engages in desire and anger, O best of the twice-born. (03-201-2)
ततस्तदर्थं यतते कर्म चारभते महत्। इष्टानां रूपगन्धानामभ्यासं च निषेवते ॥०३-२०१-३॥
Thereafter, for that purpose, he exerts himself, undertakes great actions, and engages repeatedly in practices concerning desired forms and scents. (3-201-3)
ततो रागः प्रभवति द्वेषश्च तदनन्तरम्। ततो लोभः प्रभवति मोहश्च तदनन्तरम् ॥०३-२०१-४॥
From that arises attachment, and immediately after, aversion. From that arises greed, and immediately after, delusion. (03-201-4)
तस्य लोभाभिभूतस्य रागद्वेषहतस्य च। न धर्मे जायते बुद्धिर्व्याजाद्धर्मं करोति च ॥०३-२०१-५॥
For one who is overcome by greed, who is stricken by attachment and aversion, understanding about dharma does not arise; and he practices dharma deceitfully. (03-201-5)
व्याजेन चरते धर्ममर्थं व्याजेन रोचते। व्याजेन सिध्यमानेषु धनेषु द्विजसत्तम ॥ तत्रैव रमते बुद्धिस्ततः पापं चिकीर्षति ॥०३-२०१-६॥
Using deceit, one conducts oneself with righteousness and finds pleasure in wealth through deceit. When wealth is acquired by such means, O best of twice-born, the mind becomes attached to it and then desires to commit sin. (03-201-6)
सुहृद्भिर्वार्यमाणश्च पण्डितैश्च द्विजोत्तम। उत्तरं श्रुतिसम्बद्धं ब्रवीति श्रुतियोजितम् ॥०३-२०१-७॥
O best of the twice-born, being restrained by friends and learned men, he gives an answer closely associated with the scriptures, in accordance with the śruti. (03-201-7)
अधर्मस्त्रिविधस्तस्य वर्धते रागदोषतः। पापं चिन्तयते चापि ब्रवीति च करोति च ॥०३-२०१-८॥
Unrighteousness in three forms increases in him because of the fault of attachment. He thinks of sin, also speaks it, and acts upon it. (03-201-8)
तस्याधर्मप्रवृत्तस्य गुणा नश्यन्ति साधवः। एकशीलाश्च मित्रत्वं भजन्ते पापकर्मिणः ॥०३-२०१-९॥
Of one engaged in unrighteous acts, his good qualities are destroyed; the virtuous, devoted to a single path, form friendships with those who do evil. (03-201-9)
स तेनासुखमाप्नोति परत्र च विहन्यते। पापात्मा भवति ह्येवं धर्मलाभं तु मे शृणु ॥०३-२०१-१०॥
By that, he obtains unhappiness and is ruined in the next world; thus, he becomes a wicked-souled one. But now listen to me about the gain of righteousness. (03-201-10)
यस्त्वेतान्प्रज्ञया दोषान्पूर्वमेवानुपश्यति। कुशलः सुखदुःखेषु साधूंश्चाप्युपसेवते ॥ तस्य साधुसमारम्भाद्बुद्धिर्धर्मेषु जायते ॥०३-२०१-११॥
But he who, by wisdom, perceives these faults beforehand, is skilled in both happiness and sorrow, and also serves the virtuous; from his virtuous undertakings, intellect concerning righteousness arises. (03-201-11)
ब्राह्मण उवाच॥
The Brāhmaṇa said.
ब्रवीषि सूनृतं धर्मं यस्य वक्ता न विद्यते। दिव्यप्रभावः सुमहानृषिरेव मतोऽसि मे ॥०३-२०१-१२॥
You speak noble and truthful dharma, whose speaker is not known. In my eyes, you are indeed a very great sage endowed with divine power. (03-201-12)
व्याध उवाच॥
The hunter said.
ब्राह्मणा वै महाभागाः पितरोऽग्रभुजः सदा। तेषां सर्वात्मना कार्यं प्रियं लोके मनीषिणा ॥०३-२०१-१३॥
Brāhmaṇas are indeed greatly fortunate, fathers, and always the first to receive offerings; in the world, the wise should do what is pleasing to them with all their being. (03-201-13)
यत्तेषां च प्रियं तत्ते वक्ष्यामि द्विजसत्तम। नमस्कृत्वा ब्राह्मणेभ्यो ब्राह्मीं विद्यां निबोध मे ॥०३-२०१-१४॥
O best of twice-born, I shall tell you that which is dear to them. Having bowed to the Brāhmaṇas, learn the divine knowledge from me. (03-201-14)
इदं विश्वं जगत्सर्वमजय्यं चापि सर्वशः। महाभूतात्मकं ब्रह्मन्नातः परतरं भवेत् ॥०३-२०१-१५॥
O Brahman, this whole universe, this entire world, which is invincible in every way and comprised of the great elements—there is nothing higher than this. (03-201-15)
महाभूतानि खं वायुरग्निरापस्तथा च भूः। शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च तद्गुणाः ॥०३-२०१-१६॥
The great elements are space, air, fire, water, and earth; and their qualities are sound, touch, form, taste, and smell. (03-201-16)
तेषामपि गुणाः सर्वे गुणवृत्तिः परस्परम्। पूर्वपूर्वगुणाः सर्वे क्रमशो गुणिषु त्रिषु ॥०३-२०१-१७॥
Of those also, all qualities act mutually as qualities. All former qualities pass successively into the three subjects possessing qualities. (3-201-17)
षष्ठस्तु चेतना नाम मन इत्यभिधीयते। सप्तमी तु भवेद्बुद्धिरहङ्कारस्ततः परम् ॥०३-२०१-१८॥
The sixth is called consciousness, known as mind. The seventh is intellect, above which is ego. (03-201-18)
इन्द्रियाणि च पञ्चैव रजः सत्त्वं तमस्तथा। इत्येष सप्तदशको राशिरव्यक्तसञ्ज्ञकः ॥०३-२०१-१९॥
The senses and the five (elements), as well as passion, purity, and darkness—thus, this seventeenfold aggregate is known as the 'unmanifest'. (03-201-19)
सर्वैरिहेन्द्रियार्थैस्तु व्यक्ताव्यक्तैः सुसंवृतः। चतुर्विंशक इत्येष व्यक्ताव्यक्तमयो गुणः ॥ एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयो श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥०३-२०१-२०॥
Here, all is well enveloped by the sense objects, manifest and unmanifest. This principle, called the twenty-fourth, is composed of the manifest and unmanifest. All this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear? (03-201-20)
