06.012
Library: Mountains, oceans, landscapes, and rivers.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
जम्बूखण्डस्त्वया प्रोक्तो यथावदिह सञ्जय। विष्कम्भमस्य प्रब्रूहि परिमाणं च तत्त्वतः ॥६-१२-१॥
jambūkhaṇḍastvayā prokto yathāvad iha sañjaya। viṣkambham asya prabrūhi parimāṇaṃ ca tattvataḥ ॥6-12-1॥
[जम्बूखण्डः (jambūkhaṇḍaḥ) - Jambudvipa; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - described; यथावत् (yathāvat) - accurately; इह (iha) - here; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; विष्कम्भम् (viṣkambham) - breadth; अस्य (asya) - of this; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - please tell; परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - measurement; च (ca) - and; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly;]
(Jambudvipa has been accurately described by you here, O Sanjaya. Please tell the breadth and measurement of this truly.)
O Sanjaya, you have accurately described Jambudvipa here. Now, please tell me the true breadth and measurement of it.
समुद्रस्य प्रमाणं च सम्यगच्छिद्रदर्शन। शाकद्वीपं च मे ब्रूहि कुशद्वीपं च सञ्जय ॥६-१२-२॥
samudrasya pramāṇaṃ ca samyagacchidradarśana। śākadvīpaṃ ca me brūhi kuśadvīpaṃ ca sañjaya ॥6-12-2॥
[समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean; प्रमाणं (pramāṇaṃ) - measurement; च (ca) - and; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; अच्छिद्रदर्शन (acchidradarśana) - O one with clear vision; शाकद्वीपं (śākadvīpaṃ) - Śākadvīpa; च (ca) - and; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; कुशद्वीपं (kuśadvīpaṃ) - Kuśadvīpa; च (ca) - and; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya;]
(Tell me the measurement of the ocean and Śākadvīpa, and Kuśadvīpa, O one with clear vision, Sañjaya.)
O Sañjaya, with your clear vision, please tell me about the measurement of the ocean, as well as about Śākadvīpa and Kuśadvīpa.
शाल्मलं चैव तत्त्वेन क्रौञ्चद्वीपं तथैव च। ब्रूहि गावल्गणे सर्वं राहोः सोमार्कयोस्तथा ॥६-१२-३॥
śālmalaṃ caiva tattvena krauñcadvīpaṃ tathaiva ca। brūhi gāvalgaṇe sarvaṃ rāhoḥ somārkayostathā ॥6-12-3॥
[शाल्मलं (śālmalaṃ) - Śālmala; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in essence; क्रौञ्चद्वीपं (krauñcadvīpaṃ) - Krauñca island; तथैव (tathaiva) - similarly; च (ca) - and; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - O Gāvalgaṇa; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - everything; राहोः (rāhoḥ) - of Rāhu; सोमार्कयोः (somārkayoḥ) - of the Moon and the Sun; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Tell, O Gāvalgaṇa, about Śālmala and Krauñca islands in essence, and also everything about Rāhu, the Moon, and the Sun.)
O Gāvalgaṇa, please describe in detail the Śālmala and Krauñca islands, as well as everything related to Rāhu, the Moon, and the Sun.
सञ्जय उवाच॥
sañjaya uvāca॥
[सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sanjaya said:)
Sanjaya said:
राजन्सुबहवो द्वीपा यैरिदं सन्ततं जगत्। सप्त त्वहं प्रवक्ष्यामि चन्द्रादित्यौ ग्रहांस्तथा ॥६-१२-४॥
rājansubahavo dvīpā yairidaṃ santataṃ jagat। sapta tvahaṃ pravakṣyāmi candrādityau grahāṃstathā ॥6-12-4॥
[राजन् (rājan) - O king; सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - many; द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands; यैः (yaiḥ) - by which; इदं (idaṃ) - this; सन्ततम् (santatam) - pervaded; जगत् (jagat) - world; सप्त (sapta) - seven; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अहम् (aham) - I; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - shall describe; चन्द्र (candra) - moon; आदित्यौ (ādityau) - and sun; ग्रहान् (grahān) - planets; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(O king, there are many islands by which this world is pervaded. I shall describe the seven, along with the moon, sun, and planets.)
O king, the world is pervaded by many islands. I will describe the seven islands, as well as the moon, sun, and planets.
अष्टादश सहस्राणि योजनानां विशां पते। षट्शतानि च पूर्णानि विष्कम्भो जम्बुपर्वतः ॥६-१२-५॥
aṣṭādaśa sahasrāṇi yojanānāṃ viśāṃ pate। ṣaṭśatāni ca pūrṇāni viṣkambho jambuparvataḥ ॥6-12-5॥
[अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa) - eighteen; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; योजनानां (yojanānāṃ) - of yojanas; विशां (viśāṃ) - of the worlds; पते (pate) - O Lord; षट्शतानि (ṣaṭśatāni) - six hundred; च (ca) - and; पूर्णानि (pūrṇāni) - complete; विष्कम्भः (viṣkambhaḥ) - diameter; जम्बुपर्वतः (jambuparvataḥ) - Jambu mountain;]
(Eighteen thousand yojanas, O Lord of the worlds. Six hundred complete is the diameter of the Jambu mountain.)
O Lord of the worlds, the Jambu mountain has a diameter of eighteen thousand and six hundred yojanas.
लावणस्य समुद्रस्य विष्कम्भो द्विगुणः स्मृतः। नानाजनपदाकीर्णो मणिविद्रुमचित्रितः ॥६-१२-६॥
lāvaṇasya samudrasya viṣkambho dviguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ। nānājanapadākīrṇo maṇividrumacitrītaḥ ॥6-12-6॥
[लावणस्य (lāvaṇasya) - of salt; समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean; विष्कम्भः (viṣkambhaḥ) - breadth; द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - double; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; नानाजनपदाकीर्णः (nānājanapadākīrṇaḥ) - filled with various regions; मणिविद्रुमचित्रितः (maṇividrumacitrītaḥ) - adorned with jewels and coral;]
(The breadth of the salt ocean is remembered as double, filled with various regions, adorned with jewels and coral.)
The ocean, known for its salty waters, is said to be twice as wide, teeming with diverse regions and beautifully adorned with jewels and coral.
नैकधातुविचित्रैश्च पर्वतैरुपशोभितः। सिद्धचारणसङ्कीर्णः सागरः परिमण्डलः ॥६-१२-७॥
naikadhātuvicitraiśca parvatairupaśobhitaḥ। siddhacāraṇasaṅkīrṇaḥ sāgaraḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ ॥6-12-7॥
[नैक (naika) - many; धातु (dhātu) - minerals; विचित्रैः (vicitraiḥ) - varied; च (ca) - and; पर्वतैः (parvataiḥ) - mountains; उपशोभितः (upaśobhitaḥ) - adorned; सिद्ध (siddha) - siddhas; चारण (cāraṇa) - charanas; सङ्कीर्णः (saṅkīrṇaḥ) - crowded; सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean; परिमण्डलः (parimaṇḍalaḥ) - circular;]
(Adorned with varied minerals and mountains, crowded with siddhas and charanas, the ocean is circular.)
The ocean, adorned with various minerals and mountains, and crowded with siddhas and charanas, is perfectly circular.
शाकद्वीपं च वक्ष्यामि यथावदिह पार्थिव। शृणु मे त्वं यथान्यायं ब्रुवतः कुरुनन्दन ॥६-१२-८॥
śākadvīpaṃ ca vakṣyāmi yathāvad iha pārthiva। śṛṇu me tvaṃ yathānyāyaṃ bruvataḥ kurunandana ॥6-12-8॥
[शाकद्वीपं (śākadvīpaṃ) - Shakadwipa; च (ca) - and; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will describe; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; इह (iha) - here; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; मे (me) - to me; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; यथान्यायं (yathānyāyaṃ) - according to justice; ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - speaking; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendant of Kuru;]
(I will describe Shakadwipa properly here, O king. Listen to me, you, according to justice, speaking, O descendant of Kuru.)
O King, I shall properly describe Shakadwipa here. Listen to me, O descendant of Kuru, as I speak according to justice.
जम्बूद्वीपप्रमाणेन द्विगुणः स नराधिप। विष्कम्भेण महाराज सागरोऽपि विभागशः ॥ क्षीरोदो भरतश्रेष्ठ येन सम्परिवारितः ॥६-१२-९॥
jambūdvīpapramāṇena dviguṇaḥ sa narādhipa। viṣkambheṇa mahārāja sāgaro'pi vibhāgaśaḥ ॥ kṣīrodo bharataśreṣṭha yena samparivāritaḥ ॥6-12-9॥
[जम्बूद्वीपप्रमाणेन (jambūdvīpapramāṇena) - by the measure of Jambudvipa; द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - twice as much; स (sa) - he; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king; विष्कम्भेण (viṣkambheṇa) - in breadth; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the ocean; अपि (api) - also; विभागशः (vibhāgaśaḥ) - in divisions; क्षीरोदः (kṣīrodaḥ) - the milk ocean; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; येन (yena) - by which; सम्परिवारितः (samparivāritaḥ) - is surrounded;]
(By the measure of Jambudvipa, he, O king, is twice as much in breadth, O great king, the ocean also in divisions. The milk ocean, O best of the Bharatas, by which is surrounded.)
O King, the ocean, measured by the size of Jambudvipa, is twice as wide and divided into sections. The milk ocean, O best of the Bharatas, is surrounded by it.
तत्र पुण्या जनपदा न तत्र म्रियते जनः। कुत एव हि दुर्भिक्षं क्षमातेजोयुता हि ते ॥६-१२-१०॥
tatra puṇyā janapadā na tatra mriyate janaḥ। kuta eva hi durbhikṣaṃ kṣamātejoyutā hi te ॥6-12-10॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; पुण्या (puṇyā) - holy; जनपदा (janapadā) - regions; न (na) - not; तत्र (tatra) - there; म्रियते (mriyate) - dies; जनः (janaḥ) - people; कुत (kuta) - where; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - for; दुर्भिक्षं (durbhikṣaṃ) - famine; क्षमातेजोयुता (kṣamātejoyutā) - endowed with patience and energy; हि (hi) - for; ते (te) - they;]
(There, the holy regions, people do not die there. Where indeed is famine, for they are endowed with patience and energy.)
In those sacred regions, people do not die. There is no famine, for they are endowed with patience and energy.
शाकद्वीपस्य सङ्क्षेपो यथावद्भरतर्षभ। उक्त एष महाराज किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥६-१२-११॥
śākadvīpasya saṅkṣepo yathāvadbharatarṣabha। ukta eṣa mahārāja kimanyacchrotumicchasi ॥6-12-11॥
[शाकद्वीपस्य (śākadvīpasya) - of Śākadvīpa; सङ्क्षेपः (saṅkṣepaḥ) - summary; यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it is; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; किम् (kim) - what; अन्यत् (anyat) - else; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - do you wish;]
(The summary of Śākadvīpa has been spoken as it is, O best of the Bharatas. O great king, what else do you wish to hear?)
O great king, the summary of Śākadvīpa has been provided as it is. Is there anything else you wish to know, O best of the Bharatas?
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
शाकद्वीपस्य सङ्क्षेपो यथावदिह सञ्जय। उक्तस्त्वया महाभाग विस्तरं ब्रूहि तत्त्वतः ॥६-१२-१२॥
śākadvīpasya saṅkṣepo yathāvad iha sañjaya। uktas tvayā mahābhāga vistaraṃ brūhi tattvataḥ ॥6-12-12॥
[शाकद्वीपस्य (śākadvīpasya) - of Śākadvīpa; सङ्क्षेपः (saṅkṣepaḥ) - summary; यथावत् (yathāvat) - as it is; इह (iha) - here; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; महाभाग (mahābhāga) - O fortunate one; विस्तरं (vistaraṃ) - in detail; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly;]
(The summary of Śākadvīpa as it is here, O Sañjaya, has been spoken by you, O fortunate one; tell it in detail truly.)
O Sañjaya, you have already provided a summary of Śākadvīpa as it is here. O fortunate one, please explain it in detail and truly.
सञ्जय उवाच॥
sañjaya uvāca॥
[सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sanjaya said:)
Sanjaya said:
तथैव पर्वता राजन्सप्तात्र मणिभूषिताः। रत्नाकरास्तथा नद्यस्तेषां नामानि मे शृणु ॥ अतीवगुणवत्सर्वं तत्र पुण्यं जनाधिप ॥६-१२-१३॥
tathaiva parvatā rājansaptātra maṇibhūṣitāḥ। ratnākārāstathā nadyasteṣāṃ nāmāni me śṛṇu ॥ atīvaguṇavatsarvaṃ tatra puṇyaṃ janādhipa ॥6-12-13॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; पर्वता (parvatā) - mountains; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सप्त (sapta) - seven; अत्र (atra) - here; मणिभूषिताः (maṇibhūṣitāḥ) - adorned with jewels; रत्नाकराः (ratnākārāḥ) - oceans; तथा (tathā) - also; नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - their; नामानि (nāmāni) - names; मे (me) - my; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; अतीवगुणवत् (atīvaguṇavat) - extremely virtuous; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; तत्र (tatra) - there; पुण्यं (puṇyaṃ) - sacred; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of people;]
(In the same way, O king, here are seven mountains adorned with jewels, and also oceans and rivers. Hear their names from me. Everything there is extremely virtuous and sacred, O ruler of people.)
O king, just as there are seven mountains here adorned with jewels, there are also oceans and rivers. Listen to their names from me. Everything there is extremely virtuous and sacred, O ruler of people.
देवर्षिगन्धर्वयुतः परमो मेरुरुच्यते। प्रागायतो महाराज मलयो नाम पर्वतः ॥ यतो मेघाः प्रवर्तन्ते प्रभवन्ति च सर्वशः ॥६-१२-१४॥
devarṣigandharvayutaḥ paramo merurucyate। prāgāyato mahārāja malayo nāma parvataḥ ॥ yato meghāḥ pravartante prabhavanti ca sarvaśaḥ ॥6-12-14॥
[देवर्षि (devarṣi) - divine sage; गन्धर्व (gandharva) - celestial musician; युतः (yutaḥ) - accompanied by; परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme; मेरुः (meruḥ) - Meru; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; प्रागायतः (prāgāyataḥ) - extended eastward; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; मलयः (malayaḥ) - Malaya; नाम (nāma) - named; पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain; यतः (yataḥ) - from which; मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds; प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - arise; प्रभवन्ति (prabhavanti) - originate; च (ca) - and; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere;]
(Accompanied by divine sages and celestial musicians, the supreme Meru is called. Extended eastward, O great king, is the mountain named Malaya, from which clouds arise and originate everywhere.)
The supreme Mount Meru, accompanied by divine sages and celestial musicians, is renowned. To the east, O great king, lies the mountain known as Malaya, from which clouds emerge and spread in all directions.
ततः परेण कौरव्य जलधारो महागिरिः। यत्र नित्यमुपादत्ते वासवः परमं जलम् ॥ यतो वर्षं प्रभवति वर्षाकाले जनेश्वर ॥६-१२-१५॥
tataḥ pareṇa kauravya jaladhāro mahāgiriḥ। yatra nityamupādatte vāsavaḥ paramaṃ jalam ॥ yato varṣaṃ prabhavati varṣākāle janeśvara ॥6-12-15॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; परेण (pareṇa) - beyond; कौरव्य (kauravya) - Kauravya; जलधारः (jaladhāraḥ) - water-bearer; महागिरिः (mahāgiriḥ) - great mountain; यत्र (yatra) - where; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; उपादत्ते (upādatte) - receives; वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra; परमम् (paramam) - supreme; जलम् (jalam) - water; यतः (yataḥ) - from which; वर्षम् (varṣam) - rain; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; वर्षाकाले (varṣākāle) - in the rainy season; जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men;]
(Then beyond Kauravya is the great mountain, the water-bearer, where Indra always receives the supreme water. From which rain arises in the rainy season, O lord of men.)
Beyond Kauravya lies the great mountain known as the water-bearer, where Indra perpetually gathers the purest water. It is from here that rain originates during the monsoon season, O king.
उच्चैर्गिरी रैवतको यत्र नित्यं प्रतिष्ठितः। रेवती दिवि नक्षत्रं पितामहकृतो विधिः ॥६-१२-१६॥
uccairgirī raivatako yatra nityaṃ pratiṣṭhitaḥ। revatī divi nakṣatraṃ pitāmahakṛto vidhiḥ ॥6-12-16॥
[उच्चैर्गिरी (uccairgirī) - high mountain; रैवतको (raivatako) - Raivataka; यत्र (yatra) - where; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - eternally; प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established; रेवती (revatī) - Revati; दिवि (divi) - in the sky; नक्षत्रं (nakṣatraṃ) - constellation; पितामहकृतो (pitāmahakṛto) - created by the grandsire; विधिः (vidhiḥ) - law;]
(The high mountain Raivataka, where eternally established is Revati in the sky as a constellation, created by the grandsire, is the law.)
The high mountain Raivataka is eternally established where Revati, a constellation in the sky, was created by the grandsire as a cosmic law.
उत्तरेण तु राजेन्द्र श्यामो नाम महागिरिः। यतः श्यामत्वमापन्नाः प्रजा जनपदेश्वर ॥६-१२-१७॥
uttareṇa tu rājendra śyāmo nāma mahāgiriḥ। yataḥ śyāmatvamāpannāḥ prajā janapadeśvara ॥6-12-17॥
[उत्तरेण (uttareṇa) - to the north; तु (tu) - but; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) - dark; नाम (nāma) - named; महागिरिः (mahāgiriḥ) - great mountain; यतः (yataḥ) - from which; श्यामत्वम् (śyāmatvam) - darkness; आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - attained; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people; जनपदेश्वर (janapadeśvara) - lord of the land;]
(To the north, O king, there is a great mountain named Shyama, from which the people of the land have attained darkness.)
To the north, O King, lies the great mountain called Shyama, from which the people have derived their dark complexion.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥
[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Dhritarashtra said:)
Dhritarashtra spoke:
सुमहान्संशयो मेऽद्य प्रोक्तं सञ्जय यत्त्वया। प्रजाः कथं सूतपुत्र सम्प्राप्ताः श्यामतामिह ॥६-१२-१८॥
sumahān saṃśayo me'dya proktaṃ sañjaya yat tvayā। prajāḥ kathaṃ sūtaputra samprāptāḥ śyāmatām iha ॥6-12-18॥
[सुमहान् (sumahān) - great; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; मे (me) - my; अद्य (adya) - today; प्रोक्तं (proktaṃ) - spoken; सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; यत् (yat) - which; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - son of a charioteer; सम्प्राप्ताः (samprāptāḥ) - have become; श्यामताम् (śyāmatām) - darkness; इह (iha) - here;]
(A great doubt of mine has been spoken today by you, Sanjaya. How have the people here, O son of a charioteer, become dark?)
Today, Sanjaya, you have expressed a great doubt of mine. How have the people here, O son of a charioteer, come to be in darkness?
सञ्जय उवाच॥
sañjaya uvāca॥
[सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sanjaya said:)
Sanjaya said:
सर्वेष्वेव महाप्राज्ञ द्वीपेषु कुरुनन्दन। गौरः कृष्णश्च वर्णौ द्वौ तयोर्वर्णान्तरं नृप ॥६-१२-१९॥
sarveṣveva mahāprājña dvīpeṣu kurunandana। gauraḥ kṛṣṇaśca varṇau dvau tayorvarṇāntaraṃ nṛpa ॥6-12-19॥
[सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; एव (eva) - indeed; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O great wise one; द्वीपेषु (dvīpeṣu) - in the islands; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendant of Kuru; गौरः (gauraḥ) - white; कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - black; च (ca) - and; वर्णौ (varṇau) - colors; द्वौ (dvau) - two; तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them; वर्णान्तरं (varṇāntaraṃ) - difference in color; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]
(In all the islands, O great wise one, O descendant of Kuru, there are two colors, white and black, O king, and there is a difference in color between them.)
O descendant of Kuru, in all the islands, there exist two colors, white and black, and there is a distinction between them, O king.
श्यामो यस्मात्प्रवृत्तो वै तत्ते वक्ष्यामि भारत। आस्तेऽत्र भगवान्कृष्णस्तत्कान्त्या श्यामतां गतः ॥६-१२-२०॥
śyāmo yasmātpravṛtto vai tatte vakṣyāmi bhārata। āste'tra bhagavān kṛṣṇastatkāntyā śyāmatāṃ gataḥ ॥6-12-20॥
[श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) - dark; यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - originated; वै (vai) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; ते (te) - to you; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आस्ते (āste) - resides; अत्र (atra) - here; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa; तत् (tat) - that; कान्त्या (kāntyā) - by the radiance; श्यामताम् (śyāmatām) - darkness; गतः (gataḥ) - attained;]
(Darkness indeed originated from whom, that I will tell you, O Bhārata. Here resides the Lord Kṛṣṇa, who has attained darkness by that radiance.)
I will tell you, O Bhārata, from whom the darkness indeed originated. Here resides Lord Kṛṣṇa, who has become dark due to that radiance.
ततः परं कौरवेन्द्र दुर्गशैलो महोदयः। केसरी केसरयुतो यतो वातः प्रवायति ॥६-१२-२१॥
tataḥ paraṁ kauravendra durgaśailo mahodayaḥ। kesarī kesarayuto yato vātaḥ pravāyati ॥6-12-21॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; परं (paraṁ) - beyond; कौरवेन्द्र (kauravendra) - king of the Kauravas; दुर्गशैलः (durgaśailaḥ) - fortress mountain; महोदयः (mahodayaḥ) - great rising; केसरी (kesarī) - lion; केसरयुतः (kesarayutaḥ) - with mane; यतः (yataḥ) - from where; वातः (vātaḥ) - wind; प्रवायति (pravāyati) - blows;]
(Then beyond the king of the Kauravas, the fortress mountain rises greatly. The lion with a mane, from where the wind blows.)
Then, beyond the king of the Kauravas, rises the great fortress mountain. It is like a lion with a mane, from where the wind blows.
तेषां योजनविष्कम्भो द्विगुणः प्रविभागशः। वर्षाणि तेषु कौरव्य सम्प्रोक्तानि मनीषिभिः ॥६-१२-२२॥
teṣāṃ yojanaviṣkambho dviguṇaḥ pravibhāgaśaḥ। varṣāṇi teṣu kauravya samproktāni manīṣibhiḥ ॥6-12-22॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; योजनविष्कम्भः (yojanaviṣkambhaḥ) - diameter in yojanas; द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - double; प्रविभागशः (pravibhāgaśaḥ) - by division; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; सम्प्रोक्तानि (samproktāni) - are mentioned; मनीषिभिः (manīṣibhiḥ) - by the wise;]
(Of them, the diameter in yojanas is double by division. The years among them, O descendant of Kuru, are mentioned by the wise.)
The wise have mentioned, O descendant of Kuru, that the diameter in yojanas is double by division, and the years among them are specified.
महामेरुर्महाकाशो जलदः कुमुदोत्तरः। जलधारात्परो राजन्सुकुमार इति स्मृतः ॥६-१२-२३॥
mahāmerurmahākāśo jaladaḥ kumudottaraḥ। jaladhārātparo rājansukumāra iti smṛtaḥ ॥6-12-23॥
[महामेरुः (mahāmeruḥ) - great Meru; महाकाशः (mahākāśaḥ) - great sky; जलदः (jaladaḥ) - cloud; कुमुदोत्तरः (kumudottaraḥ) - lotus-exceeding; जलधारात् (jaladhārāt) - from water-stream; परः (paraḥ) - beyond; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सुकुमारः (sukumāraḥ) - delicate; इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered;]
(Great Meru, great sky, cloud, lotus-exceeding; beyond the water-stream, O king, delicate thus remembered.)
The great Meru mountain, vast sky, and clouds are said to be more beautiful than the lotus. Beyond the streams of water, O king, he is remembered as delicate.
रैवतस्य तु कौमारः श्यामस्य तु मणीचकः। केसरस्याथ मोदाकी परेण तु महापुमान् ॥६-१२-२४॥
raivatasya tu kaumāraḥ śyāmasya tu maṇīcakaḥ। kesarasyātha modākī pareṇa tu mahāpumān ॥6-12-24॥
[रैवतस्य (raivatasya) - of Raivata; तु (tu) - but; कौमारः (kaumāraḥ) - youthful; श्यामस्य (śyāmasya) - of Śyāma; तु (tu) - but; मणीचकः (maṇīcakaḥ) - Maṇīcaka; केसरस्य (kesarasya) - of Kesara; अथ (atha) - then; मोदाकी (modākī) - Modākī; परेण (pareṇa) - beyond; तु (tu) - but; महापुमान् (mahāpumān) - great man;]
(Of Raivata, youthful; of Śyāma, Maṇīcaka; of Kesara, then Modākī; beyond, but a great man.)
Raivata's youthful one is Maṇīcaka of Śyāma; Kesara's is Modākī, and beyond them is a great man.
परिवार्य तु कौरव्य दैर्घ्यं ह्रस्वत्वमेव च। जम्बूद्वीपेन विख्यातस्तस्य मध्ये महाद्रुमः ॥६-१२-२५॥
parivārya tu kauravya dairghyaṃ hrasvatvameva ca। jambūdvīpena vikhyātastasya madhye mahādrumaḥ ॥6-12-25॥
[परिवार्य (parivārya) - surrounding; तु (tu) - but; कौरव्य (kauravya) - Kauravya; दैर्घ्यं (dairghyaṃ) - length; ह्रस्वत्वम् (hrasvatvam) - shortness; एव (eva) - only; च (ca) - and; जम्बूद्वीपेन (jambūdvīpena) - by Jambudvipa; विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - known; तस्य (tasya) - its; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; महाद्रुमः (mahādrumaḥ) - great tree;]
(Surrounding but Kauravya, length and shortness only; known by Jambudvipa, in its middle is a great tree.)
Surrounding Kauravya, there is a known great tree in the middle of Jambudvipa, characterized by its length and shortness.
शाको नाम महाराज तस्य द्वीपस्य मध्यगः। तत्र पुण्या जनपदाः पूज्यते तत्र शङ्करः ॥६-१२-२६॥
śāko nāma mahārāja tasya dvīpasya madhyagaḥ। tatra puṇyā janapadāḥ pūjyate tatra śaṅkaraḥ ॥6-12-26॥
[शाकः (śākaḥ) - Śāka; नाम (nāma) - named; महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - great king; तस्य (tasya) - of that; द्वीपस्य (dvīpasya) - island's; मध्यगः (madhyagaḥ) - central; तत्र (tatra) - there; पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - sacred; जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - regions; पूज्यते (pūjyate) - is revered; तत्र (tatra) - there; शङ्करः (śaṅkaraḥ) - Śaṅkara;]
(Śāka, a great king, is central to that island. There, the sacred regions are revered, and there is Śaṅkara.)
King Śāka, known as a great ruler, resides centrally in that island. The sacred regions there are revered, and Śaṅkara is worshipped there.
तत्र गच्छन्ति सिद्धाश्च चारणा दैवतानि च। धार्मिकाश्च प्रजा राजंश्चत्वारोऽतीव भारत ॥६-१२-२७॥
tatra gacchanti siddhāśca cāraṇā daivatāni ca। dhārmikāśca prajā rājaṃścattvāro'tīva bhārata ॥6-12-27॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - perfected beings; च (ca) - and; चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards; दैवतानि (daivatāni) - divine beings; च (ca) - and; धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous; च (ca) - and; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; राजन् (rājan) - O king; चत्वारः (cattvāraḥ) - four; अतीव (atīva) - extremely; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata;]
(There go perfected beings, bards, divine beings, and righteous subjects, O king, four extremely, O Bharata.)
O Bharata, there go the perfected beings, bards, divine beings, and righteous subjects, O king, all four in great numbers.
वर्णाः स्वकर्मनिरता न च स्तेनोऽत्र दृश्यते। दीर्घायुषो महाराज जरामृत्युविवर्जिताः ॥६-१२-२८॥
varṇāḥ svakarmaniratā na ca steno'tra dṛśyate। dīrghāyuṣo mahārāja jarāmṛtyuvivarjitāḥ ॥6-12-28॥
[वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes; स्वकर्मनिरता (svakarmaniratā) - engaged in their own duties; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - thief; अत्र (atra) - here; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; दीर्घायुषः (dīrghāyuṣaḥ) - long-lived; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; जरामृत्युविवर्जिताः (jarāmṛtyuvivarjitāḥ) - free from old age and death;]
(Classes are engaged in their own duties, and no thief is seen here. O great king, they are long-lived and free from old age and death.)
The people are dedicated to their respective duties, and there is no thief among them. O great king, they enjoy long lives and are free from the afflictions of old age and death.
प्रजास्तत्र विवर्धन्ते वर्षास्विव समुद्रगाः। नद्यः पुण्यजलास्तत्र गङ्गा च बहुधागतिः ॥६-१२-२९॥
prajāstatra vivardhante varṣāsviva samudragāḥ। nadyaḥ puṇyajalāstatra gaṅgā ca bahudhāgatiḥ ॥6-12-29॥
[प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people; तत्र (tatra) - there; विवर्धन्ते (vivardhante) - grow; वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rains; इव (iva) - like; समुद्रगाः (samudragāḥ) - rivers; नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers; पुण्यजलाः (puṇyajalāḥ) - sacred waters; तत्र (tatra) - there; गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Ganga; च (ca) - and; बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways; गतिः (gatiḥ) - flow;]
(The people there grow like rivers in the rains. The rivers with sacred waters there, and the Ganga, flow in many ways.)
The people flourish there like rivers during the rainy season. The rivers with sacred waters, including the Ganga, flow in various directions.
सुकुमारी कुमारी च सीता कावेरका तथा। महानदी च कौरव्य तथा मणिजला नदी ॥ इक्षुवर्धनिका चैव तथा भरतसत्तम ॥६-१२-३०॥
sukumārī kumārī ca sītā kāverakā tathā। mahānadī ca kauravya tathā maṇijalā nadī ॥ ikṣuvardhanikā caiva tathā bharatasattama ॥6-12-30॥
[सुकुमारी (sukumārī) - delicate girl; कुमारी (kumārī) - young girl; च (ca) - and; सीता (sītā) - Sita; कावेरका (kāverakā) - Kaveri river; तथा (tathā) - also; महानदी (mahānadī) - great river; च (ca) - and; कौरव्य (kauravya) - Kauravya; तथा (tathā) - also; मणिजला (maṇijalā) - Manijala river; नदी (nadī) - river; इक्षुवर्धनिका (ikṣuvardhanikā) - Ikshuvardhanika; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - also; भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(Delicate girl, young girl and Sita, also the Kaveri river, great river and Kauravya, also the Manijala river, Ikshuvardhanika and indeed, also O best of the Bharatas.)
The delicate and young girl Sita, along with the Kaveri river, the great river, and Kauravya, as well as the Manijala river and Ikshuvardhanika, are mentioned, O best of the Bharatas.
ततः प्रवृत्ताः पुण्योदा नद्यः कुरुकुलोद्वह। सहस्राणां शतान्येव यतो वर्षति वासवः ॥६-१२-३१॥
tataḥ pravṛttāḥ puṇyodā nadyaḥ kurukulodvaha। sahasrāṇāṃ śatānyeva yato varṣati vāsavaḥ ॥6-12-31॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - flowed; पुण्योदा (puṇyodā) - sacred-giving; नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers; कुरुकुलोद्वह (kurukulodvaha) - O best of the Kuru dynasty; सहस्राणां (sahasrāṇāṃ) - of thousands; शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds; एव (eva) - indeed; यतः (yataḥ) - from where; वर्षति (varṣati) - rains; वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra;]
(Then, O best of the Kuru dynasty, the sacred-giving rivers flowed, indeed, in hundreds of thousands, from where Indra rains.)
Then, O best of the Kuru dynasty, the sacred rivers began to flow in their thousands and hundreds, from where Indra showers his rain.
न तासां नामधेयानि परिमाणं तथैव च। शक्यते परिसङ्ख्यातुं पुण्यास्ता हि सरिद्वराः ॥६-१२-३२॥
na tāsāṃ nāmadheyāni parimāṇaṃ tathaiva ca। śakyate parisaṅkhyātuṃ puṇyāstā hi saridvarāḥ ॥6-12-32॥
[न (na) - not; तासां (tāsāṃ) - of them; नामधेयानि (nāmadheyāni) - names; परिमाणं (parimāṇam) - measure; तथैव (tathaiva) - also; च (ca) - and; शक्यते (śakyate) - can be; परिसङ्ख्यातुं (parisaṅkhyātum) - counted; पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - sacred; ता (tā) - they; हि (hi) - indeed; सरिद्वराः (saridvarāḥ) - great rivers;]
(The names and measures of them cannot be counted; they are indeed sacred great rivers.)
The names and extents of these sacred rivers cannot be enumerated; they are truly the great rivers.
तत्र पुण्या जनपदाश्चत्वारो लोकसंमताः। मगाश्च मशकाश्चैव मानसा मन्दगास्तथा ॥६-१२-३३॥
tatra puṇyā janapadāścatvāro lokasaṁmatāḥ। magāśca maśakāścaiva mānasā mandagāstathā ॥6-12-33॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; पुण्या (puṇyā) - holy; जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - regions; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; लोकसंमताः (lokasaṁmatāḥ) - world-renowned; मगाः (magāḥ) - Magas; च (ca) - and; मशकाः (maśakāḥ) - Mashakas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मानसाः (mānasāḥ) - Manasas; मन्दगाः (mandagāḥ) - Mandagas; तथा (tathā) - thus;]
(There are four holy regions renowned in the world: the Magas, the Mashakas, the Manasas, and the Mandagas.)
In that place, there are four holy regions that are renowned throughout the world: the Magas, the Mashakas, the Manasas, and the Mandagas.
मगा ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठाः स्वकर्मनिरता नृप। मशकेषु तु राजन्या धार्मिकाः सर्वकामदाः ॥६-१२-३४॥
magā brāhmaṇabhūyiṣṭhāḥ svakarmaniratā nṛpa। maśakeṣu tu rājanyā dhārmikāḥ sarvakāmadāḥ ॥6-12-34॥
[मगा (magā) - great; ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठाः (brāhmaṇabhūyiṣṭhāḥ) - mostly Brahmins; स्वकर्मनिरता (svakarmaniratā) - engaged in their duties; नृप (nṛpa) - king; मशकेषु (maśakeṣu) - among mosquitoes; तु (tu) - but; राजन्या (rājanyā) - kings; धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous; सर्वकामदाः (sarvakāmadāḥ) - fulfillers of all desires;]
(Great, mostly Brahmins, engaged in their duties, O king, but among mosquitoes, the kings are righteous and fulfillers of all desires.)
O king, the great ones, mostly Brahmins, are engaged in their duties, but among the mosquitoes, the kings are known to be righteous and fulfill all desires.
मानसेषु महाराज वैश्याः कर्मोपजीविनः। सर्वकामसमायुक्ताः शूरा धर्मार्थनिश्चिताः ॥ शूद्रास्तु मन्दगे नित्यं पुरुषा धर्मशीलिनः ॥६-१२-३५॥
mānaseṣu mahārāja vaiśyāḥ karmopajīvinaḥ। sarvakāmasamāyuktāḥ śūrā dharmārthanizcitāḥ ॥ śūdrāstu mandage nityaṃ puruṣā dharmaśīlinaḥ ॥6-12-35॥
[मानसेषु (mānaseṣu) - in the minds; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - merchants; कर्मोपजीविनः (karmopajīvinaḥ) - living by work; सर्वकामसमायुक्ताः (sarvakāmasamāyuktāḥ) - endowed with all desires; शूरा (śūrā) - brave; धर्मार्थनिश्चिताः (dharmārthanizcitāḥ) - determined in righteousness and wealth; शूद्रास्तु (śūdrāstu) - but the Shudras; मन्दगे (mandage) - in slow-witted; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; पुरुषा (puruṣā) - men; धर्मशीलिनः (dharmaśīlinaḥ) - virtuous;]
(In the minds, O great king, merchants live by work, endowed with all desires, brave, determined in righteousness and wealth. But the Shudras, in slow-witted, always men, are virtuous.)
O great king, in the minds of people, merchants live by their work, fulfilling all desires, brave and determined in righteousness and wealth. However, the Shudras, though slow-witted, are always virtuous men.
न तत्र राजा राजेन्द्र न दण्डो न च दण्डिकाः। स्वधर्मेणैव धर्मं च ते रक्षन्ति परस्परम् ॥६-१२-३६॥
na tatra rājā rājendra na daṇḍo na ca daṇḍikāḥ। svadharmeṇaiva dharmaṃ ca te rakṣanti parasparam ॥6-12-36॥
[न (na) - not; तत्र (tatra) - there; राजा (rājā) - king; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings; न (na) - not; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; दण्डिकाः (daṇḍikāḥ) - punishers; स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by own duty; एव (eva) - indeed; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other;]
(There, O king of kings, there is no king, no punishment, and no punishers. By their own duty indeed, they protect duty and each other.)
In that place, O king of kings, there is neither a king nor punishment nor punishers. They protect each other and their duty by their own adherence to duty.
एतावदेव शक्यं तु तस्मिन्द्वीपे प्रभाषितुम्। एतावदेव श्रोतव्यं शाकद्वीपे महौजसि ॥६-१२-३७॥
etāvadeva śakyaṃ tu tasmindvīpe prabhāṣitum। etāvadeva śrotavyaṃ śākadvīpe mahaujasi ॥6-12-37॥
[एतावत् (etāvat) - this much; एव (eva) - only; शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible; तु (tu) - but; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; द्वीपे (dvīpe) - island; प्रभाषितुम् (prabhāṣitum) - to speak; एतावत् (etāvat) - this much; एव (eva) - only; श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard; शाकद्वीपे (śākadvīpe) - in the island of Shaka; महौजसि (mahaujasi) - mighty;]
(Only this much can be spoken on that island. Only this much is to be heard on the mighty island of Shaka.)
In that island, only this much can be spoken. Similarly, only this much is to be heard on the mighty island of Shaka.
