12.025
Library: Vyasa narrates the story of Hayagriva, how after properly acquiring the Vedas and studying the śāstras, and after rightly protecting the kingdom, the noble-souled Vājigrīva, having established the fourfold order in his own duty, rejoices in the world of the gods.
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
पुनरेव महर्षिस्तं कृष्णद्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत्। अजातशत्रुं कौन्तेयमिदं वचनमर्थवत् ॥१२-२५-१॥
punar eva maharṣiḥ taṃ kṛṣṇadvaipāyano 'bravīt। ajātaśatruṃ kaunteyam idaṃ vacanam arthavat ॥12-25-1॥
[पुनः (punar) - again; एव (eva) - indeed; महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage; तं (taṃ) - him; कृष्णद्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana (Vyāsa); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; अजातशत्रुम् (ajātaśatrum) - Ajātaśatru (Yudhiṣṭhira, 'one whose enemy is not born'); कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - son of Kuntī; इदं (idaṃ) - this; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful;]
(Again indeed the great sage Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana said to him, to Ajātaśatru, the son of Kuntī, this meaningful speech.)
Once again, the great sage Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana (Vyāsa) addressed Ajātaśatru, the son of Kuntī (Yudhiṣṭhira), with these meaningful words.
अरण्ये वसतां तात भ्रातॄणां ते तपस्विनाम्। मनोरथा महाराज ये तत्रासन्युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-२५-२॥
araṇye vasatāṃ tāta bhrātṝṇāṃ te tapasvinām। manorathā mahārāja ye tatrāsan yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-25-2॥
[अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest; वसताम् (vasatām) - of those dwelling; तात (tāta) - O dear one; भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of the brothers; ते (te) - your; तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - ascetics; मनोरथाः (manorathāḥ) - desires; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; ये (ye) - which; तत्र (tatra) - there; आसन् (āsan) - were; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(In the forest, of those dwelling, O dear one, of your brothers, ascetics, desires, O great king, which there were, Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, O great king, the desires that existed there among your ascetic brothers dwelling in the forest, O dear one.
तानिमे भरतश्रेष्ठ प्राप्नुवन्तु महारथाः। प्रशाधि पृथिवीं पार्थ ययातिरिव नाहुषः ॥१२-२५-३॥
tānime bharataśreṣṭha prāpnuvantu mahārathāḥ। praśādhi pṛthivīṃ pārtha yayātiriva nāhuṣaḥ ॥12-25-3॥
[तानि (tāni) - those; (neuter plural pronoun) मे (me) - to me; (enclitic pronoun) भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; (vocative) प्राप्नुवन्तु (prāpnuvantu) - may obtain; (3rd person plural optative) महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors; (nominative plural) प्रशाधि (praśādhi) - rule; (imperative, 2nd person singular) पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - the earth; (accusative singular) पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pritha; (vocative) ययातिरिव (yayātiriva) - like Yayati; (comparative phrase) नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Nahusha's son; (i.e., Yayati; nominative singular);]
(Those to me, O best of the Bharatas, may the great chariot-warriors obtain. Rule the earth, O Partha, like Yayati, the son of Nahusha.)
O best of the Bharatas, may those great chariot-warriors become mine. O Partha, rule the earth like Yayati, the son of Nahusha.
अरण्ये दुःखवसतिरनुभूता तपस्विभिः। दुःखस्यान्ते नरव्याघ्राः सुखं त्वनुभवन्त्विमे ॥१२-२५-४॥
araṇye duḥkhavasatir anubhūtā tapasvibhiḥ। duḥkhasyānte naravyāghrāḥ sukhaṃ tvanubhavantv ime ॥12-25-4॥
[अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest; दुःख-वसतिः (duḥkha-vasatiḥ) - abode of suffering; अनुभूता (anubhūtā) - experienced; तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by ascetics; दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering; अन्ते (ante) - at the end; नरव्याघ्राः (naravyāghrāḥ) - tiger-men (heroes); सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; त्व् (tv) - indeed; अनुभवन्ति (anubhavanti) - experience; इमे (ime) - these;]
(In the forest, the abode of suffering was experienced by ascetics; at the end of suffering, these tiger-men indeed experience happiness.)
In the forest, ascetics endured suffering; when the suffering ends, these heroic men truly experience happiness.
धर्ममर्थं च कामं च भ्रातृभिः सह भारत। अनुभूय ततः पश्चात्प्रस्थातासि विशां पते ॥१२-२५-५॥
dharmam arthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca bhrātṛbhiḥ saha bhārata। anubhūya tataḥ paścāt prasthātāsi viśāṃ pate ॥12-25-5॥
[धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty; अर्थम् (artham) - wealth; च (ca) - and; कामम् (kāmam) - desire; च (ca) - and; भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with brothers; सह (saha) - together; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; ततः (tataḥ) - then; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; प्रस्थातासि (prasthātāsi) - you will depart; विशां (viśām) - of the people; पते (pate) - O lord;]
(Duty, wealth and desire, together with your brothers, O Bhārata, having experienced, then afterwards you will depart, O lord of the people.)
O Bhārata, after you have experienced duty, wealth, and desire together with your brothers, then afterwards, O lord of the people, you will depart.
अतिथीनां च पितॄणां देवतानां च भारत। आनृण्यं गच्छ कौन्तेय ततः स्वर्गं गमिष्यसि ॥१२-२५-६॥
atithīnāṃ ca pitṝṇāṃ devatānāṃ ca bhārata। ānṛṇyaṃ gaccha kaunteya tataḥ svargaṃ gamiṣyasi ॥12-25-6॥
[अतिथीनाम् (atithīnāṃ) - of guests; च (ca) - and; पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇāṃ) - of ancestors; देवतानाम् (devatānāṃ) - of deities; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt; गच्छ (gaccha) - attain; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī; ततः (tataḥ) - then; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - you will go;]
(O Bhārata, attain freedom from debt to guests, ancestors, and deities, O son of Kuntī; then you will go to heaven.)
O Bhārata, if you attain freedom from debts to guests, ancestors, and deities, O son of Kuntī, then you will reach heaven.
सर्वमेधाश्वमेधाभ्यां यजस्व कुरुनन्दन। ततः पश्चान्महाराज गमिष्यसि परां गतिम् ॥१२-२५-७॥
sarvamedhāśvamedhābhyāṃ yajasva kurunandana. tataḥ paścān mahārāja gamiṣyasi parāṃ gatim ॥12-25-7॥
[सर्वमेध-अश्वमेधाभ्यां (sarvamedha-aśvamedhābhyām) - by the Sarvamedha and Aśvamedha sacrifices; यजस्व (yajasva) - perform (the sacrifice); कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus; ततः (tataḥ) - then; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - you will go; पराम् (parām) - supreme; गतिम् (gatim) - state;]
(O delight of the Kurus, perform the Sarvamedha and Aśvamedha sacrifices; then, O great king, after that you will go to the supreme state.)
O Kurunandana, perform the Sarvamedha and Aśvamedha sacrifices. Then, O great king, afterwards you will attain the highest state.
भ्रातॄंश्च सर्वान्क्रतुभिः संयोज्य बहुदक्षिणैः। सम्प्राप्तः कीर्तिमतुलां पाण्डवेय भविष्यसि ॥१२-२५-८॥
bhrātṝṁś ca sarvān kratu-bhiḥ saṁyojya bahu-dakṣiṇaiḥ। samprāptaḥ kīrti-matulāṁ pāṇḍaveya bhaviṣyasi॥12-25-8॥
[भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers; (accusative plural of भ्रातृ) च (ca) - and; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; क्रतुभिः (kratu-bhiḥ) - with sacrifices; (instrumental plural of क्रतु) संयोज्य (saṁyojya) - having united; (absolutive of सम्+युज्) बहु-दक्षिणैः (bahu-dakṣiṇaiḥ) - with many gifts; (instrumental plural of बहु-दक्षिणा) सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - having obtained; (past participle of सम्+प्र+आप्) कीर्ति-मतुलाम् (kīrti-matulām) - fame unequalled; (accusative singular of कीर्ति-मतुला) पाण्डवेय (pāṇḍaveya) - O son of Pandu; भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become; (future of भू);]
(Having united all your brothers with sacrifices with many gifts, having obtained unequalled fame, O son of Pandu, you will become.)
O son of Pandu, by performing sacrifices with many gifts together with all your brothers, you will attain unequalled fame.
विद्म ते पुरुषव्याघ्र वचनं कुरुनन्दन। शृणु मच्च यथा कुर्वन्धर्मान्न च्यवते नृपः ॥१२-२५-९॥
vidma te puruṣavyāghra vacanaṃ kurunandana। śṛṇu macca yathā kurvan dharmān na cyavate nṛpaḥ ॥12-25-9॥
[विद्म (vidma) - we know; ते (te) - your; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - tiger among men; वचनं (vacanam) - speech; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - delighter of the Kurus; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; मच्च (macca) - from me; यथा (yathā) - as; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing; धर्मान् (dharmān) - duties; न (na) - not; च्यवते (cyavate) - deviates; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king;]
(We know your speech, O tiger among men, delighter of the Kurus. Hear also from me how, performing duties, the king does not deviate.)
O tiger among men, delighter of the Kurus, we know your words. Listen also as I tell you how a king, by performing his duties, does not stray from the path.
आददानस्य च धनं निग्रहं च युधिष्ठिर। समानं धर्मकुशलाः स्थापयन्ति नरेश्वर ॥१२-२५-१०॥
ādadānasya ca dhanaṃ nigrahaṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira। samānaṃ dharmakuśalāḥ sthāpayanti nareśvara ॥12-25-10॥
[आददानस्य (ādadānasya) - of one who takes; च (ca) - and; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; निग्रहं (nigrahaṃ) - restraint; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; समानं (samānaṃ) - equal; धर्मकुशलाः (dharmakuśalāḥ) - those skilled in dharma; स्थापयन्ति (sthāpayanti) - establish; नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king;]
(O Yudhiṣṭhira, those skilled in dharma, O king, establish equal wealth and restraint for one who takes.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, O king, those skilled in dharma establish equal wealth and restraint for the one who takes.
देशकालप्रतीक्षे यो दस्योर्दर्शयते नृपः। शास्त्रजां बुद्धिमास्थाय नैनसा स हि युज्यते ॥१२-२५-११॥
deśakālapratīkṣe yo dasyordarśayate nṛpaḥ। śāstrajāṃ buddhimāsthāya nainasā sa hi yujyate ॥12-25-11॥
[देश (deśa) - place; काल (kāla) - time; प्रतीक्षे (pratīkṣe) - waiting; यः (yaḥ) - who; दस्योः (dasyoḥ) - of the robbers; दर्शयते (darśayate) - shows; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; शास्त्रजां (śāstrajām) - arising from śāstra; बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to; न (na) - not; एनसा (enasā) - by sin; सः (saḥ) - he; हि (hi) - indeed; युज्यते (yujyate) - is blamed;]
(He who, waiting for place and time, shows the robbers, the king, having resorted to intellect arising from śāstra, is not blamed by sin indeed.)
He who, waiting for the right place and time, reveals the robbers, the king, relying on intellect derived from the śāstra, is indeed not blamed for sin.
आदाय बलिषड्भागं यो राष्ट्रं नाभिरक्षति। प्रतिगृह्णाति तत्पापं चतुर्थांशेन पार्थिवः ॥१२-२५-१२॥
ādāya baliṣaḍbhāgaṃ yo rāṣṭraṃ nābhirakṣati. pratigṛhṇāti tatpāpaṃ caturthāṃśena pārthivaḥ ॥12-25-12॥
[आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; बलि-षड्भागम् (bali-ṣaḍbhāgam) - the sixth part of the tribute; यः (yaḥ) - who; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - the kingdom; न (na) - not; अभिरक्षति (abhirakṣati) - protects; प्रतिगृह्णाति (pratigṛhṇāti) - accepts; तत् (tat) - that; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; चतुर्थ-अंशेन (caturtha-aṃśena) - by a fourth part; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king;]
(Having taken the sixth part of the tribute, the king who does not protect the kingdom, he accepts that sin by a fourth part.)
If a king, having collected one-sixth of the tribute, does not protect the kingdom, he incurs a fourth part of that sin.
निबोध च यथातिष्ठन्धर्मान्न च्यवते नृपः। निग्रहाद्धर्मशास्त्राणामनुरुध्यन्नपेतभीः ॥ कामक्रोधावनादृत्य पितेव समदर्शनः ॥१२-२५-१३॥
nibodha ca yathātiṣṭhan dharmān na cyavate nṛpaḥ। nigrahād dharmaśāstrāṇām anurudhyan napetabhīḥ ॥ kāmakrodhāvanādṛtya piteva samadarśanaḥ ॥12-25-13॥
[निबोध (nibodha) - understand; (from root budh, to know) च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - as; in the manner; अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan) - abiding; standing firmly; (from root sthā, to stand) धर्मान् (dharmān) - dharmas; righteous duties; न (na) - not; च्यवते (cyavate) - deviates; (from root cyu, to move/fall) नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; निग्रहात् (nigrahāt) - from restraint; (from root grah, to seize, with prefix ni-) धर्मशास्त्राणाम् (dharmaśāstrāṇām) - of the dharma-śāstras; of the treatises on dharma; अनुरुध्यन् (anurudhyan) - following; (from root rudh, to restrain, with prefix anu-) अपेतभीः (apetabhīḥ) - free from fear; (from root bhī, to fear, with prefix apa-) कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger; अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - disregarding; (from root dṛ, to regard, with prefix an-) पिता (pitā) - father; इव (iva) - like; as; समदर्शनः (samadarśanaḥ) - one who sees equally; impartial; (from root dṛś, to see, with prefix sama-);]
(Understand also: as the king, abiding by the dharmas, does not deviate; by restraint of the dharma-śāstras, following them, free from fear; disregarding desire and anger, like a father, impartial.)
Understand also: The king, who abides by the dharmas and does not deviate from them, restrains himself according to the dharma-śāstras, follows them without fear, and, disregarding desire and anger, is impartial like a father.
दैवेनोपहते राजा कर्मकाले महाद्युते। प्रमादयति तत्कर्म न तत्राहुरतिक्रमम् ॥१२-२५-१४॥
daivenopahate rājā karmakāle mahādyute। pramādayati tatkarma na tatrāhuratikramam ॥12-25-14॥
[दैवेन (daivena) - by fate; by destiny; उपहते (upahate) - struck; afflicted; राजा (rājā) - king; कर्मकाले (karmakāle) - at the time of action; महाद्युते (mahādyute) - in a great gamble; in a great contest; प्रमादयति (pramādayati) - causes to err; leads astray; तत् (tat) - that; कर्म (karma) - action; न (na) - not; तत्र (tatra) - there; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; अतिक्रमम् (atikramam) - transgression;]
(When the king is struck by fate at the time of action in a great contest, that action caused by error is not considered a transgression there, they say.)
They say that when a king, afflicted by fate, errs in action during a great contest, such an act is not regarded as a transgression.
तरसा बुद्धिपूर्वं वा निग्राह्या एव शत्रवः। पापैः सह न संदध्याद्राष्ट्रं पण्यं न कारयेत् ॥१२-२५-१५॥
tarasā buddhipūrvaṃ vā nigrāhyā eva śatravaḥ। pāpaiḥ saha na saṃdadhyādrāṣṭraṃ paṇyaṃ na kārayet ॥12-25-15॥
[तरसा (tarasā) - by force; बुद्धिपूर्वं (buddhipūrvam) - with prior intelligence; वा (vā) - or; निग्राह्या (nigrāhyā) - should be restrained; एव (eva) - indeed; शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies; पापैः (pāpaiḥ) - with the wicked; सह (saha) - with; न (na) - not; संदध्यात् (saṃdadhyāt) - should make alliance; राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; पण्यं (paṇyam) - merchandise; न (na) - not; कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to be done;]
(By force, or with prior intelligence, enemies should indeed be restrained. With the wicked, one should not make alliance; one should not cause the kingdom to be merchandise.)
Enemies should be restrained either by force or with intelligence. One should not make alliances with the wicked, nor should the kingdom be treated as merchandise.
शूराश्चार्याश्च सत्कार्या विद्वांसश्च युधिष्ठिर। गोमतो धनिनश्चैव परिपाल्या विशेषतः ॥१२-२५-१६॥
śūrāś cāryāś ca satkāryā vidvāṃś ca yudhiṣṭhira। gomatō dhaninaś caiva paripālyā viśeṣataḥ ॥12-25-16॥
[शूराः (śūrāḥ) - valiant ones; च (ca) - and; आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers; च (ca) - and; सत्कार्याः (satkāryāḥ) - those worthy of respect; विद्वांसः (vidvāṃsaḥ) - learned ones; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; गोमतः (gomataḥ) - possessors of cows; धनिनः (dhaninaḥ) - wealthy ones; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परिपाल्याः (paripālyāḥ) - to be protected; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially;]
(Valiant ones and teachers and those worthy of respect, learned ones and, O Yudhiṣṭhira, possessors of cows, wealthy ones and indeed, are to be protected especially.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, valiant people, teachers, those worthy of respect, learned ones, cow-owners, and the wealthy must especially be protected.
व्यवहारेषु धर्म्येषु नियोज्याश्च बहुश्रुताः। गुणयुक्तेऽपि नैकस्मिन्विश्वस्याच्च विचक्षणः ॥१२-२५-१७॥
vyavahāreṣu dharmyeṣu niyojyāś ca bahuśrutāḥ। guṇayukte'pi naik asmin viśvasya ca vicakṣaṇaḥ ॥12-25-17॥
[व्यवहारेषु (vyavahāreṣu) - in transactions; धर्म्येषु (dharmyeṣu) - in righteous (ones); नियोज्याः (niyojyāḥ) - to be appointed; च (ca) - and; बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - well-learned; गुणयुक्ते (guṇayukte) - endowed with virtues; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; एकस्मिन् (ekasmin) - in one; विश्वस्य (viśvasya) - of the world; च (ca) - and; विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - wise;]
(In transactions, in righteous (ones), those to be appointed and well-learned; even if endowed with virtues, not in one (person) of the world, and wise.)
In matters of conduct, those to be appointed should be well-learned and righteous; even if someone is endowed with virtues, wisdom is not found in only one person in the world.
अरक्षिता दुर्विनीतो मानी स्तब्धोऽभ्यसूयकः। एनसा युज्यते राजा दुर्दान्त इति चोच्यते ॥१२-२५-१८॥
arakṣitā durvinīto mānī stabdho'bhyasūyakaḥ। enasā yujyate rājā durdānta iti cocyate ॥12-25-18॥
[अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - unprotected; दुर्विनीतः (durvinītaḥ) - ill-disciplined; मानी (mānī) - proud; स्तब्धः (stabdhaḥ) - arrogant; अभ्यसूयकः (abhyasūyakaḥ) - envious; एनसा (enasā) - by sin; युज्यते (yujyate) - is afflicted; राजा (rājā) - king; दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - uncontrollable; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(An unprotected, ill-disciplined, proud, arrogant, envious king is afflicted by sin and is called uncontrollable, thus it is said:)
A king who is unprotected, ill-disciplined, proud, arrogant, and envious is afflicted by sin and is called uncontrollable.
येऽरक्ष्यमाणा हीयन्ते दैवेनोपहते नृपे। तस्करैश्चापि हन्यन्ते सर्वं तद्राजकिल्बिषम् ॥१२-२५-१९॥
ye'rakṣyamāṇā hīyante daivenopahate nṛpe. taskaraiścāpi hanyante sarvaṃ tad rājakilbiṣam ॥12-25-19॥
[ये (ye) - those; अ-रक्ष्यमाणा (a-rakṣyamāṇā) - not-being-protected; हीयन्ते (hīyante) - are diminished; दैवेन (daivena) - by fate; उपहते (upahate) - struck; नृपे (nṛpe) - king; तस्करैः (taskaraiḥ) - by thieves; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; हन्यन्ते (hanyante) - are destroyed; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; तत् (tat) - that; राज-किल्बिषम् (rāja-kilbiṣam) - king's sin;]
(Those not being protected are diminished when the king is struck by fate; also, all are destroyed by thieves—that is the king's sin.)
When a king, struck by fate, fails to protect, and all is destroyed by thieves, all that loss is the king's fault.
सुमन्त्रिते सुनीते च विधिवच्चोपपादिते। पौरुषे कर्मणि कृते नास्त्यधर्मो युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-२५-२०॥
sumantrite sunīte ca vidhivaccopapādite। pauruṣe karmaṇi kṛte nāstyadharmo yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-25-20॥
[सुमन्त्रिते (sumantrite) - well-counseled; सुनीते (sunīte) - well-guided; च (ca) - and; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; च (ca) - and; उपपादिते (upapādite) - properly accomplished; पौरुषे (pauruṣe) - by manly effort; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; कृते (kṛte) - when done; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - there is; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(When an action is well-counseled, well-guided, properly accomplished according to rule, and performed by manly effort, O Yudhishthira, there is no unrighteousness.)
O Yudhishthira, when an action is undertaken with good counsel, proper guidance, and in accordance with rules, and is accomplished through one's own effort, there is no unrighteousness.
विपद्यन्ते समारम्भाः सिध्यन्त्यपि च दैवतः। कृते पुरुषकारे तु नैनः स्पृशति पार्थिवम् ॥१२-२५-२१॥
vipadyante samārambhāḥ sidhyantyapi ca daivataḥ। kṛte puruṣakāre tu nainaḥ spṛśati pārthivam ॥12-25-21॥
[विपद्यन्ते (vipadyante) - are destroyed; समारम्भाः (samārambhāḥ) - undertakings; सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - are accomplished; अपि (api) - even; च (ca) - and; दैवतः (daivataḥ) - by fate; कृते (kṛte) - when performed; पुरुषकारे (puruṣakāre) - by human effort; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; एनः (enaḥ) - evil; स्पृशति (spṛśati) - touches; पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - the earthly (person);]
(Undertakings are destroyed, and even accomplished by fate; but when human effort is made, evil does not touch the earthly (person).)
Undertakings may fail or succeed by fate, but when human effort is applied, evil does not touch the person on earth.
अत्र ते राजशार्दूल वर्तयिष्ये कथामिमाम्। यद्वृत्तं पूर्वराजर्षेर्हयग्रीवस्य पार्थिव ॥१२-२५-२२॥
atra te rājaśārdūla vartayiṣye kathāmimām। yadvṛttaṃ pūrvarājarṣerhayagrīvasya pārthiva ॥12-25-22॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; ते (te) - to you; राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - tiger among kings; वर्तयिष्ये (vartayiṣye) - I shall narrate; कथाम् (kathām) - story; इमाम् (imām) - this; यत् (yat) - which; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened; पूर्व (pūrva) - former; राजर्षेः (rājarṣeḥ) - of the royal sage; हयग्रीवस्य (hayagrīvasya) - of Hayagrīva; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king;]
(Here to you, tiger among kings, I shall narrate this story, which happened to the former royal sage Hayagrīva, O king.)
O king, tiger among kings, I will now tell you this story of what befell the former royal sage Hayagrīva.
शत्रून्हत्वा हतस्याजौ शूरस्याक्लिष्टकर्मणः। असहायस्य धीरस्य निर्जितस्य युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-२५-२३॥
śatrūn hatvā hatasya ājau śūrasya akliṣṭa-karmaṇaḥ। asahāyasya dhīrasya nirjitasya yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-25-23॥
[शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; हत्वा (hatvā) - having slain; हतस्य (hatasya) - of the slain; आजौ (ājau) - in battle; शूरस्य (śūrasya) - of the hero; अक्लिष्टकर्मणः (akliṣṭa-karmaṇaḥ) - of one whose actions are unwearied; असहायस्य (asahāyasya) - of the helpless; धीरस्य (dhīrasya) - of the steadfast; निर्जितस्य (nirjitasya) - of the conquered; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(Having slain enemies, of the slain in battle, of the hero whose actions are unwearied, of the helpless, of the steadfast, of the conquered, O Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, having slain enemies in battle, for the hero whose actions are unwearied, for the helpless, for the steadfast, and for the conquered.
यत्कर्म वै निग्रहे शात्रवाणां; योगश्चाग्र्यः पालने मानवानाम्। कृत्वा कर्म प्राप्य कीर्तिं सुयुद्धे; वाजिग्रीवो मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-२४॥
yatkarma vai nigrahe śātravāṇāṃ; yogaścāgryaḥ pālane mānavānām। kṛtvā karma prāpya kīrtiṃ suyuddhe; vājigrīvo modate devaloke ॥12-25-24॥
[यत् (yat) - which; कर्म (karma) - action; वै (vai) - indeed; निग्रहे (nigrahe) - in restraining; शात्रवाणां (śātravāṇām) - of enemies; योगः (yogaḥ) - discipline; च (ca) - and; आग्र्यः (āgryaḥ) - excellent; पालने (pālani) - in protecting; मानवानाम् (mānavānām) - of men; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; कर्म (karma) - action; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame; सुयुद्धे (suyuddhe) - in good battle; वाजिग्रीवः (vājigrīvaḥ) - Vājigrīva (name); मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(That action indeed in restraining enemies, and the excellent discipline in protecting men; having performed action, having obtained fame in good battle, Vājigrīva rejoices in the world of the gods.)
The action of restraining enemies and the supreme discipline in protecting people—having performed such deeds and gained fame in righteous battle, Vājigrīva rejoices in the world of the gods.
सन्त्यक्तात्मा समरेष्वाततायी; शस्त्रैश्छिन्नो दस्युभिरर्द्यमानः। अश्वग्रीवः कर्मशीलो महात्मा; संसिद्धात्मा मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-२५॥
santyaktātmā samareṣv-ātatāyī; śastraiś-chinno dasyubhir-ardyamānaḥ. aśvagrīvaḥ karmaśīlo mahātmā; saṃsiddhātmā modate devaloke ॥12-25-25॥
[सन्त्यक्तात्मा (santyaktātmā) - one who has completely renounced self; समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles; आततायी (ātatāyī) - aggressor; शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons; छिन्नः (chinnaḥ) - cut; दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - by robbers; अर्द्यमानः (ardyamānaḥ) - being tormented; अश्वग्रीवः (aśvagrīvaḥ) - Aśvagrīva (name); कर्मशीलः (karmaśīlaḥ) - active in deeds; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled; संसिद्धात्मा (saṃsiddhātmā) - one whose self is perfected; मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(One who has completely renounced self, an aggressor in battles, cut by weapons, tormented by robbers, Aśvagrīva, active in deeds, great-souled, whose self is perfected, rejoices in the world of the gods.)
Aśvagrīva, who had completely renounced self, was an aggressor in battles, cut down by weapons and tormented by robbers; being active in deeds and great-souled, with a perfected self, now rejoices in the world of the gods.
धनुर्यूपो रशना ज्या शरः स्रु; क्स्रुवः खड्गो रुधिरं यत्र चाज्यम्। रथो वेदी कामगो युद्धमग्नि; श्चातुर्होत्रं चतुरो वाजिमुख्याः ॥१२-२५-२६॥
dhanuryūpo raśanā jyā śaraḥ sru; ksruvaḥ khaḍgo rudhiraṃ yatra cājyam। ratho vedī kāmago yuddhamagni; cāturhotraṃ caturo vājimukhyāḥ ॥12-25-26॥
[धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow; यूपः (yūpaḥ) - sacrificial post; रशना (raśanā) - cord; ज्या (jyā) - bowstring; शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow; स्रुक् (sruk) - ladle; स्रुवः (sruvaḥ) - spoon; खड्गः (khaḍgaḥ) - sword; रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood; यत्र (yatra) - where; च (ca) - and; आज्यम् (ājyam) - clarified butter; रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot; वेदी (vedī) - altar; कामगः (kāmagaḥ) - desire-moved; युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle; अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; च (ca) - and; चातुर्होत्रम् (cāturhotram) - fourfold sacrifice; चतुरः (catūraḥ) - four; वाजिमुख्याः (vājimukhyāḥ) - chief horses;]
(Bow is the sacrificial post, the cord is the bowstring, the arrow is the ladle; the spoon is the sword, blood is where the clarified butter is. The chariot is the altar, desire is the motive, battle is the fire; the fourfold sacrifice is the four chief horses.)
The bow is likened to the sacrificial post, the cord to the bowstring, the arrow to the ladle; the sword is the spoon, blood is the clarified butter. The chariot is the altar, desire is the motive, battle is the fire; the four chief horses represent the four priests of the sacrifice.
हुत्वा तस्मिन्यज्ञवह्नावथारी; न्पापान्मुक्तो राजसिंहस्तरस्वी। प्राणान्हुत्वा चावभृथे रणे स; वाजिग्रीवो मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-२७॥
hutvā tasmin yajñavahnāv athārī; npāpān mukto rājasiṃhas tarasvī. prāṇān hutvā cāvabhṛthe raṇe sa; vājigrīvo modate devaloke ॥12-25-27॥
[हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; यज्ञवह्नौ (yajñavahnau) - sacrificial fire; अथ (atha) - then; आरिन् (ārīn) - enemy; पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed; राजसिंहः (rājasiṃhaḥ) - lion among kings; तरस्वी (tarasvī) - mighty; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives; हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered; च (ca) - and; अवभृथे (avabhṛthe) - in the concluding bath; रणे (raṇe) - in battle; सः (saḥ) - he; वाजिग्रीवः (vājigrīvaḥ) - horse-necked; मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(Having offered (oblations) in that sacrificial fire, then the enemy, freed from sin, the mighty lion among kings, having offered his lives also in the concluding bath in battle, he, horse-necked, rejoices in the world of the gods.)
Having performed oblations in the sacrificial fire, then the mighty lion among kings, freed from sin, having offered his life in the final bath of battle, now rejoices in the world of the gods.
राष्ट्रं रक्षन्बुद्धिपूर्वं नयेन; सन्त्यक्तात्मा यज्ञशीलो महात्मा। सर्वाँल्लोकान्व्याप्य कीर्त्या मनस्वी; वाजिग्रीवो मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-२८॥
rāṣṭraṃ rakṣanbuddhipūrvaṃ nayena; santyaktātmā yajñaśīlo mahātmā. sarvāṃllokānvyāpya kīrtyā manasvī; vājigrīvo modate devaloke ॥12-25-28॥
[राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - nation; रक्षन् (rakṣan) - protecting; बुद्धिपूर्वम् (buddhipūrvam) - with forethought; नयेन (nayena) - by policy; सन् (san) - being; त्यक्तात्मा (tyaktātmā) - one who has renounced self; यज्ञशीलः (yajñaśīlaḥ) - having the nature of sacrifice; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; व्याप्य (vyāpya) - pervading; कीर्त्या (kīrtyā) - by fame; मनस्वी (manasvī) - high-minded; वाजिग्रीवः (vājigrīvaḥ) - Vājigrīva (name); मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(Protecting the nation with forethought by policy, being one who has renounced self, having the nature of sacrifice, great-souled; pervading all worlds by fame, high-minded Vājigrīva rejoices in the world of the gods.)
Vājigrīva, who protected the nation with wisdom and policy, selflessly devoted to sacrifice and of great soul, whose fame pervades all worlds, now rejoices in the world of the gods.
दैवीं सिद्धिं मानुषीं दण्डनीतिं; योगन्यायैः पालयित्वा महीं च। तस्माद्राजा धर्मशीलो महात्मा; हयग्रीवो मोदते स्वर्गलोके ॥१२-२५-२९॥
daivīṃ siddhiṃ mānuṣīṃ daṇḍanītiṃ; yoganyāyaiḥ pālayitvā mahīṃ ca. tasmādrājā dharmaśīlo mahātmā; hayagrīvo modate svargaloke ॥12-25-29॥
[दैवीं (daivīm) - divine; सिद्धिं (siddhim) - accomplishment; मानुषीं (mānuṣīm) - human; दण्डनीतिं (daṇḍanītim) - science of punishment; योगन्यायैः (yoganyāyaiḥ) - by means of union and justice; पालयित्वा (pālayitvā) - having protected; महीं (mahīm) - the earth; च (ca) - and; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजा (rājā) - king; धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - of righteous character; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled; हयग्रीवः (hayagrīvaḥ) - Hayagrīva; मोदते (modate) - rejoices; स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the heavenly world;]
(Having protected the earth by means of union and justice, with divine and human accomplishment and the science of punishment, therefore the king Hayagrīva, of righteous character and great soul, rejoices in the heavenly world.)
By upholding both divine and human accomplishments and the science of punishment through union and justice, King Hayagrīva, a great-souled and righteous ruler, enjoys happiness in the heavenly realm.
विद्वांस्त्यागी श्रद्दधानः कृतज्ञ; स्त्यक्त्वा लोकं मानुषं कर्म कृत्वा। मेधाविनां विदुषां संमतानां; तनुत्यजां लोकमाक्रम्य राजा ॥१२-२५-३०॥
vidvāṃstyāgī śraddadhānaḥ kṛtajña; styaktvā lokaṃ mānuṣaṃ karma kṛtvā। medhāvināṃ viduṣāṃ saṃmatānāṃ; tanutyajāṃ lokamākramya rājā ॥12-25-30॥
[विद्वांस् (vidvāṃs) - learned one; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer; श्रद्दधानः (śraddadhānaḥ) - faithful; कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful; स्त्यक्त्वा (styaktvā) - having abandoned; लोकं (lokaṃ) - world; मानुषं (mānuṣaṃ) - human; कर्म (karma) - action; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; मेधाविनां (medhāvināṃ) - of the intelligent; विदुषां (viduṣāṃ) - of the wise; संमतानां (saṃmatānāṃ) - approved by; तनुत्यजां (tanutyajāṃ) - of those who have left the body; लोकम् (lokam) - world; आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having entered; राजा (rājā) - the king;]
(The learned, renouncer, faithful, grateful; having abandoned the human world and performed action; having entered the world approved by the intelligent, wise, and those who have left the body, the king.)
The king, being learned, a renouncer, faithful, and grateful, after abandoning the human world and performing his duties, entered the realm esteemed by the wise, the intelligent, and those who have departed their bodies.
सम्यग्वेदान्प्राप्य शास्त्राण्यधीत्य; सम्यग्राष्ट्रं पालयित्वा महात्मा। चातुर्वर्ण्यं स्थापयित्वा स्वधर्मे; वाजिग्रीवो मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-३१॥
samyag-vedān prāpya śāstrāṇi adhītya; samyag-rāṣṭram pālayitvā mahātmā। cātur-varṇyam sthāpayitvā sva-dharme; vājigrīvaḥ modate deva-loke ॥12-25-31॥
[सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained; शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - the śāstras; अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - the kingdom; पालयित्वा (pālayitvā) - having protected; महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one; चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the fourfold order; स्थापयित्वा (sthāpayitvā) - having established; स्वधर्मे (svadharme) - in his own duty; वाजिग्रीवः (vājigrīvaḥ) - Vājigrīva (the horse-necked one, i.e., Hayagrīva); मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(Having properly obtained the Vedas and studied the śāstras; having properly protected the kingdom, the great-souled one; having established the fourfold order in his own duty; Vājigrīva rejoices in the world of the gods.)
After properly acquiring the Vedas and studying the śāstras, and after rightly protecting the kingdom, the noble-souled Vājigrīva, having established the fourfold order in his own duty, rejoices in the world of the gods.
जित्वा सङ्ग्रामान्पालयित्वा प्रजाश्च; सोमं पीत्वा तर्पयित्वा द्विजाग्र्यान्। युक्त्या दण्डं धारयित्वा प्रजानां; युद्धे क्षीणो मोदते देवलोके ॥१२-२५-३२॥
jitvā saṅgrāmān pālayitvā prajāś ca; somaṃ pītvā tarpayitvā dvijāgryān. yuktyā daṇḍaṃ dhārayitvā prajānāṃ; yuddhe kṣīṇo modate devaloke ॥12-25-32॥
[जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; सङ्ग्रामान् (saṅgrāmān) - battles; पालयित्वा (pālayitvā) - having protected; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; च (ca) - and; सोमम् (somaṃ) - Soma (sacrificial drink); पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk; तर्पयित्वा (tarpayitvā) - having satisfied; द्विजाग्र्यान् (dvijāgryān) - the foremost of the twice-born (Brahmins); युक्त्या (yuktyā) - with justice; दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment; धारयित्वा (dhārayitvā) - having administered; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects; युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle; क्षीणः (kṣīṇaḥ) - exhausted; मोदते (modate) - rejoices; देवलोके (devaloke) - in the world of the gods;]
(Having conquered battles and having protected the subjects, having drunk Soma and satisfied the foremost of the twice-born, having administered punishment to the subjects with justice, one exhausted in battle rejoices in the world of the gods.)
After conquering battles, protecting his people, drinking Soma, satisfying the foremost Brahmins, and justly administering punishment to his subjects, a king who is worn out in battle rejoices in the world of the gods.
वृत्तं यस्य श्लाघनीयं मनुष्याः; सन्तो विद्वांसश्चार्हयन्त्यर्हणीयाः। स्वर्गं जित्वा वीरलोकांश्च गत्वा; सिद्धिं प्राप्तः पुण्यकीर्तिर्महात्मा ॥१२-२५-३३॥
vṛttaṃ yasya ślāghanīyaṃ manuṣyāḥ; santo vidvāṃś cārhayanty arhaṇīyāḥ. svargaṃ jitvā vīralokāṃś ca gatvā; siddhiṃ prāptaḥ puṇyakīrtir mahātmā ॥12-25-33॥
[वृत्तं (vṛttam) - conduct; यस्य (yasya) - whose; श्लाघनीयं (ślāghanīyam) - praiseworthy; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous; विद्वांसः (vidvāṃsaḥ) - the learned; च (ca) - and; अर्हयन्ति (arhayanti) - honor; अर्हणीयाः (arhaṇīyāḥ) - worthy of honor; स्वर्गं (svargam) - heaven; जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; वीरलोकान् (vīralokān) - the worlds of heroes; च (ca) - and; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; सिद्धिं (siddhim) - perfection; प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained; पुण्यकीर्तिः (puṇyakīrtiḥ) - of virtuous fame; महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one;]
(Whose conduct is praiseworthy, men, the virtuous and the learned honor as worthy of honor; having conquered heaven and gone to the worlds of heroes, having attained perfection, the great-souled one of virtuous fame.)
He whose conduct is praiseworthy is honored by men, the virtuous, and the learned as worthy of honor; having conquered heaven and reached the worlds of heroes, and having attained perfection, the great-souled one of virtuous fame.
